Final Mock Test_Answers + Explanation

1. Five hundred residents of a city are polled to obtain information on voting

intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents in this study is
an example of a(n)
A. Census
B. Sample
C. Observation
D. Population
Explanation
Find the definition of sample at 2.3 Sampling concept chapter 2

2. Chebyshev’s Theorem:
A. Applies to all sample
B. Applies only to samples from a normal population
C. Gives a narrow range of predictions than the Empirical Rules
D. Is based on Sturges’ Rule for data classification
Explanation
Chapter 4 - 4.4 Standardized Data
The Chebyshev’s Theorem can be used for any data set, no matter how it is
distributed
3. The weights (in grams) of the contents of several small bottles are 4, 2, 5, 4, 5, 2
and 6. What is the sample variance?
A. 6.92
B. 4.8
C. 1.96
D. 2.33
Explanation
Type the data into the excel then use the formulas =Var.S(data)

4. What is the median of 26, 30, 24, 32, 32, 31, 27 and 29?
A. 32
B. 29
C. 30
D. 29.5
Explanation
Type the data into the excel and then use the formula =Median(data)

5. Independent events A and B would be consistent with which of the following

Statements:
A. P ( A ) = 0.3, P ( B ) = 0.5, P ( A ∩ B ) = 0.4.
B. P ( A ) = 0.4, P ( B ) = 0.3, P ( A ∩ B ) = 0.5
C. P ( A ) = 0.4, P ( B ) = 0.5, P ( A ∩ B ) = 0.2.
D. P ( A ) = 0.5, P ( B ) = 0.4, P ( A ∩ B ) = 0.3
Explanation
When A independent from B, P(A ∩ B) = P(A) x P(B)
6.

A. 0.0933
B. 0.3182
C. 0.030
D. 0.3854
Explanation
P(A1 or B2) = P(A1) + P(B2) - P( A1 ∩ B2 )
P(A1) = 44/467 = 0.094
P(B2) = 150/467 = 0.321
P( A1 ∩ B2 ) = 14/467 = 0.03
P( A1 or B2 ) = 0.094 + 0.321 - 0.03 = 0.385
7.

A. 0.625
B. 0.375
C. 0.150
D. 0.273
Explanation
P(B’/A) = 30/80 = 0.375 ( Used the conditioned probability )
8. The discrete random variable X is the number of students that show up for
Professor Smith's office hours on Monday afternoons. The table below shows the
probability distribution for X. What is the standard deviation of students
come to office hours on any given Monday?

A. 0.9756
B. 1
C. 1.2645
D. 2
Explanation
The expected value = 0.4 x 0 + 0.3 x 1+ 0.2 x 2 + 0.1 x 3 = 1
The variance = (0 - 1)^2 x 0.4 + (1 -1)^2 x 0.3 + (2 - 1)^2 x 0.2 + (3 - 1)^2 x 0.1 =
1

The Standard Deviation = 𝑉𝑎𝑟 = 1 =1

9. The discrete random variable X is the number of students that show up for
Professor Smith's office hours on Monday afternoons. The table below shows the
probability distribution for X. What is the probability that fewer than 2 students
come to office hours on any given Monday?

A. 0.1
B. 0.4
C. 0.7
D. 0.9
Explanation
P( X < 2) = P( X≤1) = P(1) + P(0) = 0.3 + 0.4 = 0.7

10. If 90 percent of automobiles in Orange County have both headlights working,

what is the probability that in a sample of eight automobiles, at least seven will
have both headlights working?
A. 0.6174
B. 0.3826
C. 0.8131
D. 0.1869
Explanation
P( X≥7) = 1 - P(X ≤6) = 1- Binom.Dist( 6,8,0.9,1) = 0.813
11. Jankord Jewelers permits the return of their diamond wedding rings, provided
the return occurs within two weeks. Typically, 10 percent are returned. If eight
rings are sold today, what is the probability that fewer than three will be returned?
A. 0.995
B. 0.9619
C. 0.0331
D. 0.1488
Explanation
P(X < 3) = P( X≤2) = Binom.Dist(2,8,0.1,1) = 0.9619

12. . On Saturday morning, calls arrive at TicketMaster at a rate of 108 calls per
hour. What is the probability of fewer than three calls in a randomly chosen
minute?
A. 0.1607
B. 0.8913
C. 0.2678
D. 0.7306
Explanation
P(X<3) = P(X≤2) = Poisson.Dist(2,108/60,1) = 0.7306
13. In Melanie's Styling Salon, the time to complete a simple haircut is normally
distributed with a mean of 25 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. For a
simple haircut, the middle 90 percent of the customers will require:
A. Between 18.4 and 31.6
B. Between 19.9 and 30.1
C. Between 20.0 and 30.0
D. Between 17.2 and 32.8
Explanation
With the middle of 90% we have to find
X1 with P(X1 ≤X) = 5%
X2 with P(X2≤X) = 95%
X1 = Norm.Inv(0.05,25,4) = 18.42
X2 = Norm.Inv(0.95,25,4) = 31.57

14. On average, 15 minutes elapse between discoveries of fraudulent corporate tax

returns in a certain IRS opce. What is the probability that more than 30 minutes
will elapse before the next fraudulent corporate tax return is discovered?
A. 0.1353
B. 0.6064
C. 0.7389
D. 0.8647
Explanation
1/λ = 15 ⇒ λ = 1/15 = 0.067
P(X>30) = 1 - P(X≤30) = 1 - Expon.Dist(30,1/15,1) = 0.1353
15. A sampling distribution describes the distribution of:
A. a parameter
B. a statistic
C. either a parameter or a statistic
D. neither a parameter nor a statistic
Explanation
Chapter 8 - 8.2 Central Limit Theorem
The sampling distribution of an estimator is the probability distribution of all
possible values the statistic may assume when a random sample of size n is taken

16. Which of the following statements is correct ?

A. data from the population is used to estimate the population parameter
B. data from the sample is used to estimate the population parameter
C. data from the sample is used to estimate the sample statistic
D. the mean of the population equals the mean of the sample
Explanation
17. The standard error of the mean decreases when:
A. The sample size decrease
B. The standard deviation increase
C. The standard deviation decreases or n increases
D. The population size decrease
Explanation

18. The owner of Limp Pines Resort wanted to know the average age of its clients.
A random sample of 25 tourists is taken. It shows a mean age of 46 years with a
standard deviation of 5 years. The width of a 98 percent CI for the true mean client
age is approximately:
A. ± 1. 711
B. ± 2. 326
C. ± 2. 492
D. ± 2. 792
Explanation
𝑠
The width = margin of error = ±t x
𝑛

t = T.Inv.2T(0.02,24) = 2.492
5
Width = ±2.492 x = ±2.492
25
19. A poll showed that 48 out of 120 randomly chosen graduates of California
medical schools last year intended to specialize in family practice. What is the
width of a 90 percent confidence interval for the proportion that plan to specialize
in family practice?
A. ± 0. 0477
B. ± 0. 0736
C. ± 0. 0876
D. ± 0. 0894
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv( 0.05) = -1.645

0.4 𝑥 0.6
Width = ±1.645 x 120
= ±0.0736
20. The owner of Torpid Oaks B&B wanted to know the average distance its guests
had traveled. A random sample of 16 guests showed a mean distance of 85 miles
with a standard deviation of 32 miles. The 90 percent confidence interval (in miles)
for the mean is approximately
A. 71 - 99
B. 71.8 - 98.2
C. 74.3 - 95.7
D. 68.7 - 103.2
Explanation

t = T.Inv.2T(0.1,15) = 1.753
CI= [ 70.97; 99.02]
21. A random sample of 160 commercial customers of PayMor Lumber revealed
that 32 had paid their accounts within a month of billing. The 95 percent
confidence interval for the true proportion of customers who pay within a month
would be:
A. 0.148 to 0.252
B. 0.138 to 0.262
C. 0.144 to 0.256
D. 0.153 to 0.247
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96
CI = [ 0.138;0.262]
22. A company wants to estimate the time its trucks take to drive from city A to
city B. The standard deviation is known to be 12 minutes. What sample size is
required in order that error will not exceed ± 2 minutes, with 95 percent
confidence?
A. 12 observations
B. 139 observations
C. 36 observations
D. 129 observations
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96

1.96 𝑥 12 2
n= ( 2 ) = 138.29 = 139 ( In case we do not know the population
standard deviation we can use the sample one)
23. A marketing firm is asked to estimate the percent of existing customers who
would purchase a "digital upgrade" to their basic cable TV service. The firm wants
99 percent confidence and an error of ± 5 percent. What is the required sample size
(to the next higher integer)?
A. 664
B. 625
C. 801
D. 957
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.005) = -2.575
2.575 2
n= ( 0.05) x 0.5 x 0.5 = 663.06 = 664 ( In case we do not know π, we can assume

that π = 0.5

24. After testing a hypothesis, we decided to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, we
are exposed to:
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Either type I or type II error
D. Neither type I nor type II error
Explanation
The Type I error refers to the situation we decided to reject the null hypothesis
although it is true
25. For a two-tailed test with a sample size of 40, the null hypothesis will NOT be
rejected at a 5% level of significance if the test statistic is
A. Between -1.96 and 1.96
B. Greater than 1.96
C. Less than 1.96
D. Greater than 1.645
Explanation
z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96 ⇒ [-1.96;1.96]

26. Dullco Manufacturing claims that its alkaline batteries last at least 40 hours on
average in a certain type of portable CD player. But tests on a random sample of 18
batteries from a day's large production run showed a mean battery life of 37.8 hours
with a standard deviation of 5.4 hours. What actions Dullco Manufacturing should
do? ( given that the significance level is 0.05)
A. The company does not need to take change as the difference is not significant
B. The company needs to take change as the difference is significant
C. There it not enough information to make the conclusion
D. The conclusion will differ if the level of significance is 0.01

Explanation
H0: µ ≥ 40
H1: µ < 40
37.8 − 40
t calc = = -1.728
5.4 ÷ 18

D.F = 18 -1 = 17
P-value = T.Dist(-1.728,17,1) = 0.051 ⇒ P-value > α
27. Which of the following is incorrect?
A. The level of significance is the probability of making a Type I error
B. Lowering both α and β at once will require a higher sample size
C. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis increases as n increases
D. When Type I error increases, Type II error must decrease, ceteris paribus.
Explanation
The increase of n will lower both Type I and Type II error

28. A sample of 16 ATM transactions shows a mean transaction time of 67 seconds

with a standard deviation of 12 seconds. Find the critical value to test whether the
mean transaction time exceeds 60 seconds at α = .01.
A. 2.947
B. 2.602
C. 2.333
D. 2.583
Explanation
t-critical = T.Inv(1-0.01,15) = 2.602
29. Dullco Manufacturing claims that its alkaline batteries last at least 40 hours on
average in a certain type of portable CD player. But tests on a random sample of 18
batteries from a day's large production run showed a mean battery life of 37.8 hours
with a standard deviation of 5.4 hours. To test DullCo's hypothesis, the test statistic
is:
A. -1.980
B. -1.728
C. -2.101
D. -1.960
Explanation

37.8 − 40
t calc = = -1.728
5.4 ÷ 18
30. The process that produces Sonora Bars (a type of candy) is intended to produce
bars with a mean weight of 56 gm. The process standard deviation is known to be
0.77 gm. A random sample of 49 candy bars yields a mean weight of 55.82 gm.
Find the p-value for a test to see whether the candy bars are smaller than they are
supposed to be
A. Between 0.05 and 0.1
B. Between 0.025 and 0.05
C. Between 0.01 and 0.025
D. Less than 0.01
Explanation

H0 µ≥ 56
H1: µ < 56 ( left-tailed)
z calc = -1.636
P(z ≤-1.636) = Norm.S.Dist( -1.636,1) = 0.0592
31. Last year, 10 percent of all teenagers purchased a new iPhone. This year, a
sample of 260 randomly chosen teenagers showed that 39 had purchased a new
iPhone. To test whether the percent has risen, the p-value is approximately:
A. 0.0501
B. 0.0314
C. 0.0492
D. 0.0036
Explanation

H0 π ≤ 0.1
H1: π > 0.1 ( right-tailed)
p = 39/260 = 0.15
z calc = 2.687
P(Z≥2.687) = 1 - Norm.S.Dist(2.687,1) = 0.0036
32. During a test period, an experimental group of 10 vehicles using an 85%
ethanol gasoline mixture showed mean CO2 emissions of 240 pounds per 100
miles, with a standard deviation of 20 pounds. A control group of 14 vehicles using
regular gasoline showed mean CO2 emissions of 252 pounds per 100 miles with a
standard deviation of 15 pounds. At a = 0.05, the confidence interval for the
difference of two means (assuming equal variances) is
A. [-23.645 ; 3.465]
B. [-26.788 ; 2.788]
C. [-20.847 ; 6.749]
D. [6.746 ; 9.657]
Explanation

𝑥1 = 240; s1 = 20; n1 = 10

𝑥2 = 252; s2 = 15; n2 = 14
D.F = n1 + n2 - 2 = 10 + 14 - 2 = 22
t = T.Inv.2T(0.05,22) = 2.074

[-26.788 ; 2.788]
33.During a test period, an experimental group of 10 vehicles using an 85% ethanol
gasoline mixture showed mean CO2 emissions of 240 pounds per 100 miles, with a
standard deviation of 20 pounds. A control group of 14 vehicles using regular
gasoline showed mean CO2 emissions of 252 pounds per 100 miles with a standard
deviation of 15 pounds. At α = 0.05, in a left-tailed test, the critical value to
compare the means (assuming equal variances) is
A. -2.508
B. -2.074
C. -1.321
D. -1.717
Explanation
Degree of Freedom = N1 + N2 -2 = 22
t critical = T.Inv(0.05,22) = -1.717
34. Carver Memorial Hospital's surgeons have a new procedure that they think will
decrease the variance in the time it takes to perform an appendectomy. A sample of
8 appendectomies using the old method had a variance of 36 minutes, while a
sample of 10 appendectomies using the experimental method had a variance of 16
minutes. At α = . 10 in a two-tailed test for equal variances, the critical values are
A. 0.272 and 3.29
B. 0.299 and 3.07
C. 0.368 and 2.51
D. -1.645 and +1.645
Explanation

DF1 = 7
DF2 = 9
Z1 critical = F.INV(0.05,7,9) = 0.272
Z2 critical = F.INV.RT(0.05,7,9) = 3.29
35. Group 1 has a mean of 13.4 and group 2 has a mean of 15.2. Both populations
are known to have a variance of 9.0 and each sample consists of 18 items. What is
the test statistic to test for equality of population means?
A. -1.755
B. -1.643
C. -1.800
D. -1.2875
Explanation
37. The table below shows the mean number of daily errors by air traffic controller
trainees during the first two weeks on the job. We want to perform a paired t-test at
α = .05 to see if the mean daily errors decreased significantly. The test statistic is

A. 1.25
B. 1.75
C. 0.87
D. 0.79
Explanation
38. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random
samples of their graduates. It is found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More
Academy passed their FAA exams on the first try, compared with 104 of 260
graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. To compare the pass rates, the pooled
proportion would be:
A. 0.5
B. 0.435
C. 0.4
D. 0.345
Explanation
39. Does the Speedo Fastskin II Male Hi-Neck Bodyskin competition racing
swimsuit improve a swimmer's 200-yard individual medley performance times? A
test of 100 randomly chosen male varsity swimmers at several different universities
showed that 66 enjoyed improved times, compared with only 54 of 100 female
varsity swimmers. To test for equality in the proportions of men versus women
who experienced improvement, the test statistic is approximate:
A. 1.73
B. 1.47
C. 2.31
D. Can calculate the test statistic
Explanation

66 + 54
Pc = 100 + 100
= 0.6

z calc = 1.73

40. We pool the sample variances when

A. Comparing two paired means
B. Comparing two means with unknown variances (assumed unequal)
C. Comparing two means with known variances
D. Comparing two means with unknown variances (assumed equal)
41. Of 200 youthful gamers (under 18) who tried the new Z-Box-Plus game, 160
rated it "excellent," compared with only 144 of 200 adult gamers (18 or over). The
95 percent confidence interval for the difference of proportions would be
approximately:
A. [+.013,+.263]
B. [-.014, +.188]
C. [-.003, +.163].
D. [+.057,+.261]
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96
42. Variation "within" the ANOVA treatments represents:
A. Random variation
B. differences between group means.
C. differences between group variances.
D. the effect of sample size.
Explanation
43. In an ANOVA, when would the F-test statistic be zero?
A. When there is no difference in the variances.
B. When the treatment means are the same.
C. When the observations are normally distributed
D. The F-test statistic cannot ever be zero.
Explanation

44. Which Excel function gives the right-tail p-value for an ANOVA test with a test
statistic Fcalc = 4.52, n = 29 observations, and c = 4 groups?
A. =F.DIST.RT(4.52, 3, 25)
B. =F.INV(4.52, 4, 28)
C. =F.DIST(4.52, 4, 28)
D. =F.INV(4.52, 3, 25)
45. Degrees of freedom for the between-group variation in a one-factor ANOVA
with n1 = 8, n2 = 5, n3 = 7, n4 = 9 would be:
A. 28
B. 3
C. 29
D. 4
Explanation
Degree of freedom for between groups = c -1 = 4 -1 = 3

47. ANOVA is used to compare:

A. proportions of several groups.
B. variances of several groups
C. means of several groups
D. both means and variances.
48. Given the following ANOVA table (some information is missing), find the F
statistic.

A. 3.71
B. 0.99
C. 0.497
D. 4.02
Explanation
MSA = 744/4 = 186
MSE = 751.5 /15 = 50.1
F statistic = MSA/MSE = 3.712
49. Identify the degrees of freedom for the treatment and error in this one-factor
ANOVA (blanks indicate missing information).

A. 4 and 24
B. 3 and 20
C. 5 and 23
D. 4 and 22
Explanation
df for treatment = SSB/MSB = 993/331 = 3
df for error = SSE/MSE = 20
50. For this one-factor ANOVA (some information is missing), how many
treatment groups were there?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. Can not be determined
Explanation
𝑆𝑆𝐵
𝑐−1
= MSB ⇒ c -1 = SSB/MSB = 654/218 = 3

c-1 =3 ⇒ c = 4

51. Refer to the following partial ANOVA results from Excel (some information is
missing). Degrees of freedom for between groups variation are

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
52. Refer to the following partial ANOVA results from Excel (some information is
missing). The sample size is:

A. 20
B. 23
C. 24
D. 21
Explanation
SSB = SST - SSE = 2113.833 - 1483 = 630.833
c - 1 = SSB/MSB = 2.99 = 3 ⇒ c = 4
n - c = SSE/MSE = 1483/74.15 = 20 ⇒ n = 20 + c = 20 + 4 = 24
53. Amelia used a random sample of 100 accounts receivable to estimate the
relationship between Days (number of days from billing to receipt of payment)
and Size (size of balance due in dollars). Her estimated regression equation was
Days = 22 + 0.0047 Size with a correlation coefficient of .300. From this
information we can conclude that how much percentage the Size factor explain for
the variation in Days
A. 9%
B. 30%
C. 0.47%
D. 22%
Explanation
Correlation coefficient (R) = 0.3 ⇒ R^2 = 0.09

54. If the attendance at a baseball game is to be predicted by the equation

Attendance = 16,500 - 75 Temperature, what would be the predicted attendance if
Temperature is 90 degrees?
A. 6750
B. 9750
C. 12250
D. 10020
55. If n = 15 and r = .4296, the corresponding t-statistic to test for zero correlation
is
A. 1.715
B. 7.826
C. 2.048
D. Can not be determined
Explanation

56. If R^2 = .36 in the model Sales = 268 + 7.37 Ads, How much percentage the
Ads explain the variation in Sales
A. 7.37%
B. 6%
C. 36%
D. 0.36%

57. In the least squares equation, Y' = 10 + 20X the value of 20 indicates
A. the Y intercept
B. for each unit increase in X, Y increases by 20.
C. for each unit increase in Y, X increases by 20
D. none of the above.
58. Which of the following statements regarding the coefficient of correlation is
true?
A. It ranges from -1.0 to +1.0 inclusive
B. It measures the strength of the relationship between two variables
C. A value of 0.00 indicates two variables are not related
D. All of the above

59. A local trucking company fitted a regression to relate the travel time (days) of
its shipments as a function of the distance traveled (miles). The fitted regression is
Time = -7.126 + .0214 Distance, based on a sample of 20 shipments. The estimated
standard error of the slope is 0.0053. Find the critical value for a right-tailed test to
see if the slope is positive, using α = .05.
A. 2.101
B. 2.552
C. 1.960
D. 1.734
Explanation

t critical = T.Inv(1-0.05,18) = 1.734

60. A local trucking company fitted a regression to relate the travel time (days) of
its shipments as a function of the distance traveled (miles). The fitted regression is
Time = -7.126 + 0.0214 Distance, based on a sample of 20 shipments. The
estimated standard error of the slope is 0.0053. Find the value of t calc to test for
zero slope.
A. 2.46
B. 5.02
C. 4.04
D. 3.15
Explanation

𝑏1−β1 0.0214 − 0
𝑡 = 𝑠 1
= 0.0053
= 4.037
𝑏

Good luck on your examination!