1. Convert the following angles into radian measure.

(Give your answers correct to 3 significant

figures.)
(a) 188.2°
(b) 12.6°
2. Convert the following angles into radian measure. (Express your answers in terms of π.)
(a) 15°
(b) 330°
3. Convert the following angles into degree measure.
7π 3π
(a) (b)
6 8
4. Convert the following angles into degree measure. (Give your answers correct to 2 decimal
places.)
(a) 0.84c (b) 3.14c
⌢
5. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. OA = 6 cm and AB = 9 cm.

O 6 cm A
θ

9 cm
B

(a) Find θ. (Express your answer in radian measure.)

(b) Find the area of minor sector OAB.

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 ⌢
6. In the figure, PQ = 8 cm and ∠POQ =
π
. Find the radius and the area of sector OPQ. (Express
6
your answers in terms of π.)
P

8 cm
π
6
O Q
⌢
7. The figure shows a sector where AB = 30 cm. It is given that the area of the sector is 200 cm2.
Find θ. (Express your answer in radian measure.)
30 cm

A B
θ

8. An iron wire of 30 cm long is bent into a sector as shown in the figure. ∠AOB = 72° and OA = r cm .
A

r cm

72°
O B

(a) Find the value of r.

(b) Find the area of the sector.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

9. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. R is a point on OP such that QR ⊥ OP. ∠POQ = 45°.
It is given that the area of the minor segment cut off by PQ is 10 cm2 . Find the radius. (Give
your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

O R
P
45 °

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10. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. The radius is 10 cm. Radius OC and chord AB are
perpendicular to each other and intersect at D. CD = 4 cm .

O
4 cm

C D 10 cm

B
(a) Find ∠AOB. (Express your answer in radian measure and correct to 3 significant figures.)
(b) Find the area of the major segment cut off by AB.

11. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle with the radius of 7 cm. C is a point outside the
circle such that AC and BC touch the circle. AC = BC = 24 cm . Find the area of the shaded
region. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
A
7 cm
O 24 cm

B
C

12. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle where AD = 30 cm . E is a point on AD such that BCE is a
sector.
A E D

B C
30 cm

π
(a) If ∠EBC = , find the length of AB.
6
(b) Hence find the area of the shaded region. (Express your answer in terms of π.)

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13. In the figure, ABCD is a square with sides of 6 cm each. O is the centre of sector OEFG where
O and F are the mid-points of AD and BC respectively.
A O D

E G

B F C

(a) Find ∠EOG. (Express your answer in terms of π and in radian measure.)
(b) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.)

14. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle with the radius of 8 cm. ∠COD = 60°. B is a point on
the circumference such that AB // OC. E is a point on AD such that BE ⊥ AD.
B C

60 °
A D
E O 8 cm

(a) Find ∠AOB. (Express your answer in terms of π and in radian measure.)
(b) Find the length of BE. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
(c) Find the area of the minor segment cut off by AB. (Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures.)

15. In the figure, O is the centre of the semi-circle with the radius of r cm. S is a point on PR such
that QS ⊥ PR. ∠QOS = θ .
Q

θ
R r cm O S P

(a) Express the area of ΔOQR in terms of r and θ.

(b) If the area of sector OPQ and the area of the segment cut off by QR are equal, show that
sin θ + 2θ = π .

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 ⌢
16. In the figure, OAB is an equilateral triangle with sides of 1 cm each. PQ is an arc with O as
the centre and divides ΔOAB into two parts with equal areas. C is a point on AB such that
AB ⊥ OC .
O

r cm

P Q

A C B

(a) Find the value of r.

(b) Find the length of PQ .
⌢
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

17. In the figure, O and H are the centres of the larger circle and the smaller circle respectively.
AC and BD are the diameters of the larger circle and ∠DOC = 90° . The two circles touch each
other at E. AC and BD touch the smaller circle at F and G respectively.
E
A B
H

F G
O

D C

(a) If the radius of the smaller circle is 5 cm, find the radius of the larger circle.
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

18. The figure shows four circles with the radii of r cm each. Each circle touches its adjacent
circles, and a square can be formed by joining the centres of the four circles. Express the area
of the shaded region in terms of π and r.

r cm

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19. In the figure, the radii of the three circles are 4 cm and their centres are A, B and C.

A B

(a) Find the area of ΔABC.

(b) Find the area of the minor segment bounded by AB and AB .
⌢
(c) Find the area of the shaded region.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

20. In the figure, a conical paper cup is formed by sector OAB. It is given that the height of the
cup is 12 cm and the radius of its opening is 5 cm.
5 cm

12 cm
A B

(a) Find ∠AOB. (Express your answer in terms of π and in radian measure.)
(b) Find the area of sector OAB. (Express your answer in terms of π.)

21. In the figure, a machine is made of two rollers bounded by a belt. The centres of the two
rollers are A and B, and AB = 50 cm. The radii of the two rollers are 15 cm and 10 cm. Let the
belt touches the larger roller at C and D, and the smaller one at E and F.
C

E
α A 50 cm
B β
15 cm
10 cm

D F

(a) Find α and β. (Express your answers in radian measure.)

(b) Find the length of the belt.
(c) Find the area bounded by the belt.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

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 tan θ
22. Simplify ⋅ csc θ .
sec θ
1
23. Simplify (cot θ + ) cos θ .
cot θ
24. Simplify sin θ(sec3 θ − sec θ).

25. Simplify tan 2 θ(csc2 θ + sec2 θ).

25
26. If sec θ = − and θ lies in quadrant II, find the values of the other five trigonometric ratios of
24
θ without using a calculator. (Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
27. If cot θ = 5 and 180° ≤ θ ≤ 270° , find the values of sin θ and sec θ without using a calculator.
(Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
9 3π
28. If csc θ = − and ≤ θ ≤ 2π, find the value of sec θ + tan θ without using a calculator. (Leave
7 2
your answer in surd form if necessary.)
1
29. If cos θ = − and θ lies in quadrant III, find the value of sin θ − cot θ without using a calculator.
3
(Leave your answer in surd form if necessary.)
30. If csc θ = 4 and tan θ < 0 , find the value of (cos θ − cot θ) (sin θ + sec θ) without using a calculator.
(Leave your answer in surd form if necessary.)
1 3 sin θ − csc θ
31. If sin θ = − and cos θ < 0, find the value of without using a calculator. (Leave
5 sec θ + 2 tan θ
your answer in surd form if necessary.)
25 3π 3 cot θ + 2 csc θ
32. If csc2 θ = and π ≤ θ ≤ , find the value of without using a calculator.
9 2 cos θ
(Leave your answer in surd form if necessary.)
π
33. If sec2 θ = 2 and ≤ θ ≤ π , find the value of (sec θ + tan θ) sin θ without using a calculator.
2
(Leave your answer in surd form if necessary.)

34. If cot 2 α + cot 2 β = 1, prove that csc2 α + csc2 β = 3.

6
35. Find the maximum value of y = .
2 csc2 θ + 1
5
36. Find the minimum value of y = 3 − .
2 sec2 θ − 1

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 csc θ
37. Prove that (1 − sin θ)(1 + csc θ) = .
1 + tan 2 θ
38. Prove that sin 2 θ tan θ − cos2 θ cot θ = tan θ − cot θ.
cos θ + cot θ
39. Prove that cos θ cot θ = .
tan θ + sec θ
sin θ tan θ
40. Prove that − = 2 − sec θ sin 2 θ.
csc θ − cot θ csc θ + cot θ
cot θ 1 + csc θ
41. Prove that =− .
1 − csc θ cot θ
csc A + csc B cot A − cot B
42. Prove that = .
cot A + cot B csc A − csc B
43. If cos 2 α + sec2 β = 3, prove that cos 2 α(2 − sin 2 β) = 3 cos 2 β − sin 2 α.

44. If sec2 α − csc2 β = 2 , find the value of tan 2 α tan 2 β − 2 tan 2 β.

45. If tan 2 α + sec2 β = 3, find the value of cos 2 α − 4 cos 2 α cos 2 β + cos 2 β.
3 13
46. If sin α = and sec β = − , where α and β lie in the same quadrant, find the value of
5 12
cos α + csc β
without using a calculator. (Leave your answer in surd form if necessary.)
tan α − tan β

3π 3π
47. If csc α = −2 and cot β = − 2 , where π ≤ α ≤ and ≤ β ≤ 2π , find the value of
2 2
(tan α + cosβ)(sin α − tan β) without using a calculator. (Leave your answer in surd form if
necessary.)
k +3 3π
48. If sec θ = and ≤ θ ≤ 2π , where k > 0 , express csc θ + cot θ in terms of k.
k +1 2
sin θ 1 π
49. If = , where < θ < π , find the value of sin θ .
5 − 2 csc θ 2 2
2
50. If sec θ = 6 tan θ − 9, where θ lies in quadrant IV, find the value of sec θ .

3π
51. If 9 cot2 θ − 3 csc θ − 11 = 0, where π < θ < , find the value of cot θ . (Leave your answer in
2
surd form.)
tan θ 2 3π
52. If 2
= , where < θ < 2π , find the values of csc θ . (Leave your answers in surd
1 − 3 sec θ 11 2
form if necessary.)
53. If 2 tan θ + 1 = sec θ , where 0 < θ < π , find the values of sin θ , cos θ and tan θ .
54. If 3sec2 θ + 5 tan θ − 5 = 0, where 0 ≤ θ < 2π , find θ. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant
figures.)

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© 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

55. If 3 csc θ − 2 sin θ = 2 2 , where 0 ≤ θ < 2π , find θ. (Express your answers in terms of π.)
3π
56. If 5 tan 2 θ + 3sec2 θ = 27, where π < θ < , find θ. (Express your answer in terms of π.)
2
57. If csc θ + 7 cot θ = 4, where 0 < θ < π , find θ. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
7 π
58. It is given that sin θ + cos θ = , where < θ < π .
13 2
(a) Find the value of sin θ − cos θ .
(b) Find the values of sin θ and cos θ .
(c) Find the value of cot θ .
59. (a) Given that tan α and cot α are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 − 3mx + m = 0, find
the value of m.
(b) Hence find a quadratic equation in x with roots tan 2 α and cot2 α.
60. Given that cos θ and csc θ are the roots of the equation 3x2 + kx − 4 = 0, where π < θ < 2π , find
the value of k.
61. It is given that sin θ and cos θ are the roots of the equation 5x 2 + x + k = 0.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the value of [sin θ(sec θ + 1)][cos θ(csc θ + 1)] .

62. If θ is an acute angle and 2 x 2 + (4 sin θ) x + 3 cos θ = 0 is an equation in x with two equal real
roots, find θ. (Express your answer in terms of π and in radian measure.)

cot 3 θ + 1 csc θ − sec θ + sec3 θ

63. Prove that = .
cot 3 θ − 1 csc θ + sec θ − sec3 θ
sec θ + csc θ sec θ + 2 sin θ
64. Prove that = .
1 + cot 2 θ 1 + cot θ
1
65. If sec θ = , prove that sin8 θ + sin 6 θ + sin 2 θ − 1 = 0.
sec θ − 1
66. (a) Prove that (2 2 + 1) tan 2 θ − ( 2 + 2) tan θ sec θ + 1 = (2 tan θ − sec θ)( 2 tan θ − sec θ).

(b) Hence, solve the equation (2 2 + 1) tan 2 θ − ( 2 + 2) tan θ sec θ + 1 = 0, where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π .

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67. The figure shows three similar right-angled triangles, where ∠B1 A1 C1 = ∠B2 A 2 C2 = ∠B3 A 3 C3 = φ
and A1 C1 = A2 B2 = B3 C3 = 1.
A3

A2 φ
A1
φ
φ 1 1

B1 C1 B2 C2 B3 1 C3

B1C1 B2C2
(a) If φ = 30°, is = correct?
B2C2 B3C3
BC BC
(b) If 1 1 = 2 2 , find sin φ .
B2C2 B3C3

68. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios without using a calculator.
(a) cos 315° (b) csc 240° (c) cot(−150°)
69. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios without using a calculator.
5π 11π 3π
(a) tan(− ) (b) sec (c) csc( − )
4 6 4
tan(180° − θ)
70. Simplify .
csc(90° − θ)

sin(−θ) tan(θ − 270°)

71. Simplify .
sec(θ + 180°)

3π π
72. Simplify sec( + θ) cos( + θ) .
2 2
3π π
73. Simplify sec(θ − ) cot(θ + ).
2 2
π
74. Simplify sin(2θ − ) csc( π − 2θ).
2
3π
75. Simplify sec2 (θ − 2π) − cot 2 (θ − ).
2
π θ
76. Simplify 1 − sec2 ( + ) .
2 2
13 π 3π
77. If sec θ = − , where ≤ θ ≤ π , find the values of sin(π + θ) and cot( − θ) without using a
12 2 2
y
calculator.

P
13
θ
x
N 12 O

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 π
78. If tan θ = 3 and θ lies in quadrant III, find the values of sec(π − θ) and sec( − θ) without
2
using a calculator. (Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.)
y

θ
N 1
x
O

π 4
79. If csc( + θ) = − , find the value of cos(π + θ) without using a calculator.
2 3
3 7
80. If tan(π − θ) = , find the value of cot(3π + θ) without using a calculator. (Leave your
7
answer in surd form.)
π 2
81. If cos(θ − ) = − , find the value of sec 2 ( π − θ) without using a calculator.
2 2

17π 9π 11π 13π 43π 23π

82. Find the value of sin(− ) csc − cos cot + tan cos( − ) without using a
6 2 3 4 6 6
calculator.
5π π 4π
83. Simplify 3 cos csc(θ + ) + tan sec(θ − 2π) .
6 2 3
2π 23π 17π π 5π
84. Simplify 2 csc( − ) cot cot(5π − θ) − csc sec( − ) tan( + θ) .
3 4 6 6 2
cos A csc C − cos( B + C ) sec( A + C )
85. Simplify , where A + B + C = π .
cot( B + C ) sec B + cot A csc( A + B)
π 1
86. Prove that [sin(θ − 2π) sec(θ + )]2 − [ 3
]2 = cos 2 θ .
2 sec( −θ) tan( 2 − θ)
π

sec( −θ) + cos( π − θ)

87. Prove that = tan 3 θ .
csc( π − θ) − sin(π − θ)
1 + cos(θ − 2π) [1 + cos( π + θ)]2
88. Prove that {1 + } = 2 csc θ .
cos(θ + 32π ) sin 2 (−θ)
sec2 θ − cos 2 θ π
89. Prove that cos 2 (π − θ)[ 2 3π
− 1] = cos 2 ( + θ)(1 + cot 2 θ) .
cos ( 2 + θ) 2
1 π 3π
90. If cot θ = − and sec θ > 0 , find the value of [sec( −θ) + sec( + θ)] sin( + θ) without using a
3 2 2
calculator.

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 3π 5 csc(θ − π)
91. If csc( + θ) = − and sin θ > 0 , find the value of without using a
2 2 sec(θ + 32π ) + cot(2π − θ)
calculator. (Leave your answer in surd form.)
3π π
92. (a) If cos θ and csc( − θ) are the roots of the equation x2 − 3kx − 2k = 0 , where < θ < π ,
2 2
find the value of k.
(b) Find the value of cos θ + sec θ .
1 3π
93. It is given that sin θ − cos θ = − , where π < θ < .
4 2
(a) Find the value of sin θ + cos θ .
3π
(b) Hence, find the value of sin( − θ) .
2
(Leave your answers in surd form.)
3 3π
94. It is given that sin θ + cos θ = , where < θ < 2π .
2 2
(a) Find the value of sin θ − cos θ .
(b) Find the value of tan(π + θ) .
(Leave your answers in surd form.)

1 π
95. If sin 2 (π + θ) = , where θ is an obtuse angle, find the value of cot 2 (π + θ) − sec( + θ) .
4 2
3π
1 − csc( θ − 2π) + tan(θ + 2
) 1 + sec( π2 + θ)
96. Prove that = .
1 + csc( π − θ) − tan(θ − π
2
) cot(π + θ)

sin( 32π + θ) sec( π + θ) 2

97. If [ × ] is a root of the equation 2 y 2 − 5 y + 2 = 0, where 0 < θ < 2π ,
cos( 4π − θ) cot( π2 + θ)
find θ.

sin 4 x − sin 4 ( 32π − x) + 4

98. It is given that y = .
sin 2 x − sin 2 ( π2 − x) + 2
2
(a) Prove that y = 1 + 2
.
2 sin x + 1
(b) Hence find the maximum and minimum values of y.

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