INFECTION CONTROL
(PART 2)
AGENDA
Learning Outcomes
Modes of Transmission
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Donning and Removal of PPE sequence
Case Scenario
Practical
Learning Outcomes
Identify the various modes of transmission for infection
to occur.
Identify the types of precaution in hospitals: standard,
contact, droplet.
Define “Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)” and what
it consists of
Know the sequence of donning on PPE
Apply SOAPIE nursing process to Infection Control
MODES OF
TRANSMISSION
Modes of Transmission
Types of Modes of Transmission
Airborne
_________
Contact
Blood/Bodily Fluids
___________
Modes of Transmission
Airborne - e.g. _______________, Tuberculosis (TB)
Droplet - e.g. Pneumonia, ___________
Contact - e.g. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus
Aureus (MRSA), scabies
Modes of Transmission
Blood/Body fluids- e.g. Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis
Insects - e.g. __________
Ingestion - e.g. Food poisoning
Precautions
Question:
Mr Lee has Dengue. What mode of
transmission does it fall under?
______________________________________________
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Purpose:
It is _________________________________________________ at
its source i.e. environment, patients.
As care givers, we are often at risk of being infected
by these harmful germs. Hence it is vital for us to be
____________________________ against them.
Types of PPE
To protect your ______
Skin
Gloves, Gown
To protect your _____
Surgical masks, N95 masks
To protect your Eyes
_____
Eyewear, Face shield
Gloves
Wear gloves before attending to any patient
Gloves protect YOU from environmental germs
_________
Change your gloves after dealing with each patient
Do not touch your face/phonewith
_____________________
your gloves
Do not wear the same pair of gloves for care of
more than one patient
Gloves
When removing
gloves:Dirty
________________
to dirty clean to clean
_________________
Ensure that dirty
areas _________________
_____________ with
clean areas to prevent
cross-contamination
Question:
A caregiver uses a pair of gloves to care for one patient,
can he use the same pair of gloves to care for another
patient? Why or why not?
________________________________________________________________
No. Using the same pair of gloves for multiple patients can lead to cross contamination,
Therefore a new gloves needs to be donned on which prevents transmission of viruses or bacteria
________________________________________________________________
Gowns
To protect skin and prevent
soiling or contamination of
clothing during procedures
when contact with body,
__________________________________
_________________ is anticipated.
*Apron: In home settings
Text
Gown: In clinical settings
Surgical Masks
Surgical masks ____________________
Act as a barrier to catch our
droplets and also to prevent us from breathing
in others’ droplets
These only protect against droplets and NOT
airborne viruses
Commonly available to the public
Used for Public Duties
Surgical Masks
The other side is presumed to be dirty
As with gloves, the ______________________________________
Perform Hand Hygiene before and after using a mask
Do not adjust the mask unnecessarily after donning it
Don’t confuse the inside with the outside or the top
from the bottom of the mask
Look at the folds of the mask; they should face
down on the outside
After removing the mask, hold it by the __________ and
throw it away immediately
N95 Masks
To protect ____________________________________
_____________ from smaller airborne particles
There are different types and sizes available
One will require to
Textgo through a mask fitting
assessment to know which mask size fits
N95 masks are NOT one size fits all
Eye Protection
To protect mucous membrane of eyes
during procedures that are likely to
generate splashes/sprays of blood, body
fluids, secretions/excretions.
Question:
What is the purpose of donning on PPE?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Question:
Which of the following is false about surgical masks?
1. It acts as a barrier to catch our droplets
2. It protects us against droplets airborne viruses
3. The other side of the mask is always presumed dirty
4. It prevents us from breathing in other’s droplets
______
Donning on PPE sequence
Gown/
Mask Eyewear Cap Gloves
Apron
The proper sequence of donning PPE ensures proper
protection and reduces cross-contamination
Removing PPE sequence
Gown/
Gloves Cap Eyewear Mask
Apron
Take note of the proper intervals in which to perform hand hygiene!
The proper sequence of removing PPE ensures no cross-
contamination between clean and contaminated areas
Donning on PPE sequence
Mask Apron Gloves
Hand Hand Hand
Hygiene Hygiene Hygiene
In home settings, only mask, apron and gloves are required
Removing PPE sequence
Gloves Apron Mask
Hand Hand Hand
Hygiene Hygiene Hygiene
In home settings, only mask, apron and gloves are required
Question:
What is the correct sequence for donning on PPE
in household settings?
________________________________________________________________
CASE SCENARIO
Case Scenario
You are visiting a 70-year-old Chinese female patient
in her home. You note that she had recently seen a
doctor for a slight fever and persistent coughing and
was diagnosed with Influenza
Subjective Caregiver:
“How may I help you today?”
Objective
Patient:
Analysis “Oh do you mind helping me to get
a cup of water and some tissues at
Planning my bedside? I have some phlegm
which I want to cough out.”
Implementation
Evaluation
Subjective Caregiver:
Does the patient have any known
Objective infection/medical history?
Analysis Yes, you have noted that the patient
Planning has Influenza
Implementation
Evaluation
Subjective Caregiver:
Does the patient require any other
Objective care?
Analysis Yes, you noticed that there are used
Planning tissues on the bed, which you
would like to help in throwing away
Implementation
Evaluation
An analysis of the situation based on
Subjective Subjective and Objective data
Objective 1. There is a risk of infection
transmission as you will be in close
Analysis contact with the patient and
contaminated product
Planning 2. Droplet precaution is necessary as
patient has influenza and coughing
Implementation
Evaluation
Goals of nursing care|Caregiver and Patient|
Subjective Environment and Equipment
Objective 1. To have clean hands prior to
patient contact
Analysis 2. To protect the caregiver from
possible sources of contamination
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Goals of nursing care|Caregiver and Patient|
Subjective Environment and Equipment
Objective Short sleeves, no watch/jewelry
Analysis ______________________________________
Planning ______________________________________
Implementation
Evaluation
Goals of nursing care|Caregiver and Patient|
Subjective Environment and Equipment
Objective Cover any open wounds on hands
Analysis and nails
Planning ____________________________________
____________________________________
Implementation ____________________________________
Evaluation _______________
Goals of nursing care|Caregiver and Patient|
Subjective Environment and Equipment
Objective Observe if hands are soiled
Analysis ______________________________________
Planning ______________________________________
Implementation
Evaluation
Goals of nursing care|Caregiver and Patient|
Subjective Environment and Equipment
Objective
Analysis
Planning Sink
Soap Paper Towel
Implementation
Evaluation
Goals of nursing care|Caregiver and Patient|
Subjective Environment and Equipment
Objective
Analysis
Planning Mask 1 pair of gloves
Implementation
Evaluation
Subjective Intervention:
Complying with the 5 moments of
Objective Hand Hygiene
Analysis Best evidence-based practice as
Planning recommended by MOH/WHO
Implementation
Evaluation
Subjective Intervention:
Don on PPE, following the proper
Objective sequence (mask → gloves)
Analysis ______________________________________
Planning _____________________________
Implementation
Evaluation Proceed with necessary tasks
Subjective Intervention:
Remove PPE, following the proper
Objective sequence (gloves → mask),
performing handrub in between
Analysis
Planning Reduces cross-contamination
Implementation
Evaluation
Subjective
Ensure proper disposal of used PPE
Objective The healthcare provider has clean
hands and prevented cross-
Analysis contamination with proper use and
Planning disposal of PPE
Implementation
Evaluation
Practical
Conclusion
Knowing the mode of transmission for infections to
occur will allow us to take the proper precautions
Knowing the type of precautions will inform which
PPE is required
A proper sequence and technique of
donning/removing PPE is highly crucial in ensuring
well-protection from the contaminants
Thank you
