WEB DESIGHN GROUP WORK

GROUP 2
Members

1 23/08290 Mark Njagi

2 21/08107 Samuel Mbugua
3 20/03726 Lee Muchai.
4 21/05022 Justus omwoyo osebe
5 21/05493 Gicheru Duncan
(A)
 Email:

 Functionality: It allows users to compose messages, attach files, and send them to
one or more recipients instantly.

 Web Browsing:

 Functionality: Users navigate through web pages using web browsers like Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Safari.

 Social media:

 Functionality: Users can post text, images, videos, and links, engage in discussions,
follow others, and participate in groups or communities.

 Online Banking and Financial Services:

 Functionality: Users can check account balances, transfer funds between accounts,
pay bills, apply for loans, and monitor transaction history securely.

 Cloud Storage and File Sharing:

 Functionality: Users upload files to remote servers (the cloud) where data is stored
securely and can be accessed from any device with an Internet connection.

 Video Conferencing and Collaboration Tools:

 Functionality: Users can conduct virtual meetings, presentations, and webinars, share
screens, and collaborate on documents in real-time.

(B)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a fundamental protocol used for communication on the World
Wide Web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, as well as the actions web servers
and browsers should take in response to various commands.

(C)
A web container, also known as a servlet container or a web server, is a component of a web server
that interacts with web applications based on the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP)
technologies. It provides an environment for running Java-based web components and manages their
lifecycle.
(D)
1 Key Differences:
 Execution Location: Server-side scripts execute on the server, while client-side
scripts execute in the user's browser.
 Responsibilities: Server-side scripts manage backend logic, data processing, and
server interactions. Client-side scripts enhance user interface interactivity and
responsiveness.
 Security: Server-side scripts handle secure data handling and access control. Client-
side scripts require careful validation to prevent manipulation.

2 Key Differences:
 Purpose: Web applications emphasize functionality and user interaction, while
websites focus on presenting information or content.
 Interactivity: Web applications are highly interactive with dynamic content and user
workflows. Websites offer limited interactivity beyond navigation and basic forms.
 Complexity: Web applications are complex, requiring backend processing, databases,
and user authentication. Websites are simpler and static or semi-static in nature.

3  Web Server: Delivers web content, processes requests, hosts websites and applications.
 Web Client: Requests and displays web content, allows user interaction through web
browsers.
 Interaction: Clients send requests to servers, which respond with requested resources,
enabling users to browse and interact with web pages and applications seamlessly.

QUESTION 2
How HTML Form Data is Sent

When you fill out a form on a website (like entering your name and email), and hit "submit,"
your browser sends that information to a server. Here's a quick rundown of how it works:

Methods of Sending Data

1. GET Method:
o What it does: Adds your form data to the URL.
o Example: If you enter "john" in a form field for your name, the URL might
look like this: http://example.com/submit?name=john.
o Good to know: This method is easy to use but has a limit on the amount of
data you can send. Also, the data is visible in the URL, so it's not great for
sensitive info.
2. POST Method:
 o What it does: Sends your form data in the body of the HTTP request, not in
the URL.
o Example: Your name "john" is sent in the background, not visible in the URL.
o Good to know: This method is better for larger amounts of data and sensitive
information, like passwords.

How the Data is Packaged

1. application/x-www-form-urlencoded:
o Default for POST: Packages the data as key-value pairs, like
name=john&[email protected].
2. multipart/form-data:
o Used for file uploads: Packages the data in parts, useful when you need to
upload files along with other form data.

QUESTION THREE
A)
Types of Websites

1. Personal Websites
o Description: Created by individuals to share personal information, hobbies,
and interests.
o Example: A blog about a person's travel experiences, like "Jane's Travel
Diary" where Jane shares her travel photos and stories.
2. Business Websites
o Description: Represent businesses and provide information about products,
services, and company details.
o Example: A company's website, such as "Apple.com," showcasing products
like iPhones, iPads, and MacBooks, along with support information and
contact details.
3. E-commerce Websites
o Description: Enable users to buy and sell products or services online.
o Example: "Amazon.com" where customers can purchase a wide range of
products from electronics to clothing.
4. Educational Websites
o Description: Offer educational content and resources for students, teachers,
and lifelong learners.
o Example: "Khan Academy" provides free online courses and tutorials in
various subjects.
5. Entertainment Websites
o Description: Provide entertainment content such as videos, music, games, and
news.
o Example: "Netflix" where users can stream movies and TV shows.
6. News Websites
 o Description: Deliver news articles and reports on current events.
o Example: "CNN.com" offers news updates, articles, and videos on global
events.
7. Social Media Websites
o Description: Allow users to create profiles, connect with friends, and share
content.
o Example: "Facebook" where users can post updates, photos, and interact with
others.
8. Non-Profit Websites
o Description: Represent non-profit organizations and provide information
about their missions, activities, and ways to contribute.
o Example: "Red Cross" website where users can learn about disaster relief
efforts and make donations.

Levels of Websites

1. Static Websites
o Description: Contain fixed content that doesn’t change unless manually
updated. They are simple and fast to load.
o Example: A small business site with basic information like "Bob's Bakery"
showing location, menu, and hours of operation.
2. Dynamic Websites
o Description: Feature content that can change dynamically based on user
interaction or other factors. They often use server-side scripting.
o Example: "BBC News" where the homepage updates frequently with the
latest news articles and videos.
3. Responsive Websites
o Description: Designed to adjust and provide an optimal viewing experience
across various devices and screen sizes.
o Example: "Medium.com" where the layout adapts whether accessed from a
phone, tablet, or desktop.
4. Single Page Applications (SPAs)
o Description: Load a single HTML page and dynamically update content as
the user interacts with the app, providing a seamless experience.
o Example: "Gmail" where users can read, send, and organize emails without
reloading the page.

B)
. User Experience (UX)

 What it is: Making sure your website is easy and pleasant to use.
 Things to consider:
o Easy Navigation: Users should easily find what they're looking for.
o Intuitive Design: Keep the layout clean and consistent.
o Accessibility: Ensure everyone, including people with disabilities, can use
your site.
 o Fast Loading Times: Optimize images and code so pages load quickly.

2. Mobile Responsiveness

 What it is: Ensuring your website works well on all devices, from desktops to
smartphones.
 Things to consider:
o Responsive Design: Your site should adapt to different screen sizes.
o Touch-Friendly: Make buttons and links easy to tap on a touchscreen.
o Mobile Features: Include mobile-friendly features like click-to-call buttons.

3. Security

 What it is: Protecting your website and user data from threats.
 Things to consider:
o Encryption: Use HTTPS to secure data transfers.
o Data Protection: Safeguard personal and financial information.
o Regular Updates: Keep your software and plugins up-to-date to avoid
vulnerabilities.

4. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

 What it is: Making your website visible in search engine results.

 Things to consider:
o Keywords: Use relevant keywords in your content.
o Quality Content: Provide valuable and informative content for your users.
o Meta Tags: Use proper meta titles and descriptions.
o Site Structure: Organize your site logically with good internal linking.

5. Performance and Scalability

 What it is: Ensuring your website runs smoothly and can handle growth.
 Things to consider:
o Reliable Hosting: Choose a hosting service that can grow with your site.
o Optimization: Use techniques like caching and content delivery networks to
improve performance.
o Monitoring: Regularly check and improve your site’s performance.

6. Content Management System (CMS)

 What it is: A system that helps you manage and update your website content easily.
 Things to consider:
o Ease of Use: Pick a CMS that’s user-friendly.
o Flexibility: Ensure it supports different types of content.
o Plugins: Look for a CMS with a wide range of plugins to add features.
o Support: Choose a CMS with good support and an active community.
C)
1. Regular Updates

 What it is: Keeping your website's software, plugins, and themes up-to-date.
 Why it matters:
o Security: Updates often include security patches that protect against
vulnerabilities.
o Performance: New updates can improve site speed and functionality.
o Compatibility: Ensures that your site works well with the latest web
technologies and browsers.

2. Content Updates

 What it is: Adding new content and updating existing information.

 Why it matters:
o Engagement: Fresh content keeps users engaged and coming back.
o SEO: Search engines favor sites with regularly updated content, improving
your search rankings.
o Relevance: Ensures that your information is current and relevant to your
audience.

3. Backups

 What it is: Creating copies of your website’s data and storing them in a safe location.
 Why it matters:
o Data Recovery: Allows you to restore your site quickly if something goes
wrong, like a hack or server failure.
o Peace of Mind: Knowing you have a backup can reduce stress and help you
recover smoothly from unexpected issues.

4. Performance Monitoring

 What it is: Regularly checking your website’s performance, such as load times and
uptime.
 Why it matters:
o User Experience: A fast, reliable website keeps users happy and reduces
bounce rates.
o SEO: Search engines rank faster sites higher, improving your visibility.
o Issue Detection: Helps identify and fix issues before they become major
problems.

Importance of Maintaining Websites

1. Security: Regular maintenance helps protect your site from hackers and other security
threats. This keeps your data and your users' data safe.
2. User Experience: A well-maintained website runs smoothly, loads quickly, and
provides up-to-date information, making users more likely to stay and return.
3. SEO Performance: Regular updates and maintenance can improve your site's search
engine ranking, making it easier for potential customers to find you.
4. Brand Reputation: A well-maintained website reflects positively on your business,
showing that you are professional and reliable.