—_— Page Lola ec Asten the nodal Minist eneltions and dough °aricultural droughts FY in respect of monitoring and managing drought "5 are classified intg and Meteorological drought: Meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts and also socio-economic drought Meteorological (or climatolo 31) drought is expressed soley on the basis of the degree of dryness (often in com Porson 4 Some normal or average mount) and the duration of “intensity. the dry period. Thus, and duration. are the key characteristics of these definitions, Meteorological drought Sefinitions-must be considered a region specifie'since the atmospheric conditions ‘that result in deficiencies of Precipitation are climate regime dependent, ond wilting is considered agricultural drought, 11s defined as a period of four consecutive weeks (of severe meteorological drought) with a rainfall deficiency of more than 50 per cent of ‘the LTA or with a weekly rainfall of 5 cm or less during the period from mid-May to mid-October (the kharif season) when 80 per cent of the country's total crop is Planted, or six such consecutive weeks during the rest of the year, ) Hydrological drought Hydrological droughts are associated with the effects of periods of precipitation shortfall on surface or Subsurface water supply (ie,, streamflow, reservoir and lake levels, groundwater) rather than with precipitation shertfells (Dracup et al, 1980, Kleme3 1987),we Page 2 of ical ‘ence of meteorologict Hydrological droughts are usually out of Phase or lag the occurrence and agricultural droughts, hts ore. _ + ic : yy ae aga Groughts result from precipitation deficiencies: ogricultural droug hydroelectric power, depends on the weather. Due to the natural variability of climate, water supply is ample in some years, but insufficient to meet human and environmental needs in other years, Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demend for an economic good exceeds the supply as a result of a weather-related shortfall in water ‘supply. Socioeconomic drought is promoted when the demand for water for economic activities far exceeds the Meteorelogical History of Droughts in India (Source: Drought Manual 201 6, DACAFW) During 1871-2015 * There.were.25.major.drought. years,-defined'@s Years with All India Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ATSMR) less than one standard deviation below the mean (ie. ‘anomaly below ~10 Percent): 1873, 1877, 1899, 1901, 1904, 1905, 1911, 1918, 1920, 1941, 1951, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1972, 1974, 1979, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 2002, 2009, 2014 and 2015, The frequency of drought has varied over the decades. From 1899 to 1920, there were seven drought years. The incidence of drought came down between 1941 and 1965 when the country witnessed just three drought years, However, during the 21 years, between 1965 and 1987, there were 10 drought years which was attributed to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a. |Page 4 of 4 Early indicators of Drought: The following constitute ‘early warning indicators! a) b) °) d) e) f) 9) h) i) Delay in onset of Monsoon. Long ‘break’ or Dry Spell during the Monsoon season. Insufficient reins and skewed spatial distribution, particularly during the sowing periods, Rise in price of fodder. Absence of rising trend in reservoir levels and / or reduction in stream flows and depletion rate of groundwater. Drying up of sources of rural drinking water supply. Declining trend in the progress of sowing as compared to total normal sown areas. Out migration of rural population, Increased deployment of water through tankers, Relationship between various type of drought; Natur fit varity l Proctation dtcioncy He (uy a) muntetarpear fiat esceaeoe! i 5 Teddi 23 Tevsetengoon 58 outa a i aewins~ Usage ESEESEe . i Sa ‘drought ‘AgriculturalPage3 of 4 “Y for the country og “ction by 16 rsillion ton resulted in decrease of food 9Fain prod During 2014-15 and 2015-16 large part Drought differs from other natural hazards such os eyclon. es, © whole was 22%, which es, % °F the country were af : floods, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis in that + silent spread and gra is generally Considered to be coterminous with the monsoons; An episode could spill over months or even Years with on without any accompanying shift in the geographical arena; There is no indicator or index which con Precis ely forecast the advent and Severity of a drought event, nor project its possible impacts; Spatial expanse tends to be far greater than in the case of other natural calamities, which when compounded by the difficulties associated with the impact assessment of the disaster, makes effective response highly challenging; Tmpacts are generally non-structural and difficult to quantify e.g. the damageto the ecology, the disruption of socio-economic fabric of Communities, the long term effects of mal-nutrition on health and morbidity ete, ‘The impact tends to get magnified in the event of successive droughts, ‘The mechanism for anticipating and mana 19 droughts necessarily differs from similor Grrangements related to other natural calamities (like earthquakes, floods, cloudbursts, tsunami etc) or man-made disasters, for the following reasons: 1. Slow and almost imperceptible onset coupled with a prolonged duration os against other limited salience: and disasters, which have rapid and often dramatic onset, and a limited salience: an definitive 2. Early warning indicators in case of droughts tend to be ambiguous and non defini