CIRCLE

A CIRCLE is a set of infinite number of points

equidistant from a fixed point called center.
The CENTER as a point can be used to name the
circle.
The RADIUS is a segment from the center going
to any point on a circle.
The CHORD is any segment which connects any two
points on a circle.
The DIAMETER is a chord that will always pass
through the center of the circle.
Name of the circle:
Circle S or ⦿ S
Radii (plural of radius):
̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑂 𝑆𝑀and ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑃
Chords:
̅̅̅̅ ,and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁,𝑅𝑄 𝑀𝑂
Diameter: ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑂
 Central and Inscribed Angle
Recall that a central angle of a circle is an angle
formed by two rays whose vertex is on the center of
the circle. Each ray intersects the circle at a point,
dividing it into arcs.
In the given figure at the right,
<FGH is a central angle. Its sides
divide ⦿ G into arcs. One arc is the
curve containing points H and F.
The other arc is the curve containing
points F, E, and H.
 Inscribed angle, on the
other hand, is an angle whose
Vertex lies along the
circumference of the circle and
whose sides contain 2 chords of
the circle. In the figure, <GMA is
an inscribed angle where vertex M lies along the
circumference and with sides MG and MA as chords
of the circle.
 Arc
An ARC is a part of a circle that can be classified in three
different types, namely: minor arc, major arc and semicircle.

a. Minor Arc is an arc whose measure is less than half of a

circle. It is named by using the two endpoints of the
arc.
b. Major Arc is an arc whose measure is more than half of a
circle. It is named by using the two endpoints and
another point on the arc.
c. Semicircle is an arc whose measure is exactly one-half of
the circumference of the circle or it is an arc with a
degree measure of exactly 180 degrees. It is named
 by using the two endpoints of a diameter and another
point on the arc.
It is noteworthy to mention that in naming an arc, you can
choose the points either in clockwise or counterclockwise
manner.
 DEGREE MEASURE OF AN ARC
1. The degree measure of a
minor arc is the measure of
the central angle which
intercepts the arc.
Example: m<LPU is a central
̂ is an intercepted
angle. 𝐿𝑈
arc. If m<LPU = 120, then m 𝐿𝑈 ̂ = 120.
2. The degree measure of a semicircle is 180°
Example: If ̅̅̅̅ ̂ =180
𝑈𝑆 is a diameter, then m𝑆𝐿𝑈
̂ =180
and m𝑈𝑋𝑆
3. The degree measure of a major arc is equal to
360° minus the measure of the minor arc with the
same endpoints.
̂ =120, then m𝑈𝑋𝐿
Example: If m𝐿𝑈 ̂ = 360 – m𝐿𝑈 ̂.
̂ = 360 – 118
m𝑈𝑋𝐿
̂ = 242
m𝑈𝑋𝐿
 THE ARC ADDITION
POSTULATE
The measure of the arc formed
by two adjacent arcs is the sum
of the measures of the two arcs.
m𝐹𝐺̂ = m𝐹𝑇
̂ + m𝑇𝐺̂
Example:
̂ =47 and m𝑅𝐵
Given: m𝑊𝑅 ̂ =150,
̂ and m𝐵𝑀𝑊
find m𝑊𝑅𝐵 ̂.
Using Arc Addition Postulate:
mWRB = m𝑊𝑅 ̂ + m𝑅𝐵̂
 = 47 + 150
= 197
The degree measure of a circle is 360.
̂ + m𝐵𝑀𝑊
m𝑊𝑅𝐵 ̂ = 360 By Arc Addition Postulate.
̂ = 360 By Law of Substitution.
197 + m𝐵𝑀𝑊
̂ = 360 – 197
m𝐵𝑀𝑊 Subtract 197 from
each side of the equation.

̂ = 163
m𝐵𝑀𝑊
 CONGRUENT CIRCLES AND
CONGRUENT
ARCS Congruent circles are circles
with congruent radii.
Example: PR is a radius of ⦿ R . ZQ
is a radius of ⦿ Q. If PR = ZQ, then
⦿ R ≅ ⦿ Q.

Congruent Arcs are arcs of the

same circle or of congruent circles
with equal measures.
Example: In ⦿R, 𝐷𝐵̂ ≅ 𝐻𝐿
̂.
̂ ≅ 𝐸𝑃
If ⦿ R ≅ ⦿X, then 𝐷𝐵 ̂ and 𝐻𝐿
̂ ≅ 𝐸𝑃
̂.
 CIRCLES: ARCS AND CHORDS
THEOREMS ON ARCS AND CHORDS
Theorem Diagram Example
Theorem 1.
In the same circle a. If 𝑇𝐸̂ ≅ 𝑆𝑃 ̂,
or in congruent then ̂
𝑇𝐸 ≅ ̂
𝑆𝑃
circles: b. If ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑃
then ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑃
a.Congruent arcs
have congruent
chords.
b. Congruent
chords have
congruent arcs.

Find the value of

𝑥.
If ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑀 ,
̂ ≅ 𝑀𝐸
then 𝑇𝐼 ̂
̂ = 750,
If 𝑇𝐼
then 𝑀𝐸̂ = 750
In the figures,
⊙D ≅ ⊙J and
̂ = 𝑇𝑂
𝑆𝐶 ̂ . Find
̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐶 .
Solution:
̂ = 𝑇𝑂
𝑆𝐶 ̂ are
congruent arcs in
the congruent
circles, so the
corresponding
chords 𝑆𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ ≅
 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑇 are
congruent.
̅̅̅̅̅
SC ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅OT
8y – 1 = 15y -15
14 = 7y
2=y
Substitute 2, so
we now have,
̅̅̅̅̅
SC = 8y -1
̅̅̅
SC = 8(2) - 1
̅̅̅̅̅
SC = 16 - 1
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐒𝐂 = 15
Theorem 2. In circle C, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑅 is
A diameter or a the diameter and
radius is ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑇 is a chord.
perpendicular to a
chord, and then it If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑅 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑇 ,
bisects the chord then ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑌 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑇
and 𝐹𝑅 ̂ ≅ 𝑅𝑇 ̂
and its arc with the
same endpoints.
In circle H, ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅 ⊥
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴. Find ̅̅̅̅𝐸𝐴 if
the measure of
̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐸 = 5in.
Solutions:
𝐻𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑖𝑓 ̅̅̅̅ 𝐻𝐴,
then
̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐴 = 5𝑖𝑛.
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 = ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐸
+ ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐴
 ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 = 5𝑖𝑛
+ 5𝑖𝑛
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 = 10𝑖𝑛

1. Find m𝑲𝑴̂ if ̅̅̅̅

𝑷𝑨 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑲𝑬
Solution:
Step 1. Find the value of x.
 ̂ ≅ 𝐴𝑃
𝐾𝐸 ̂
Theorem 1b
(5x)0 = 850 Substitution
x = 12 Divide both sides by 5
̂
Step 2. Find 𝐾𝐸
̂ = (5(17))0
m𝐾𝐸
m𝑲𝑬̂ = 𝟖𝟓0
 ̂ if ̅̅̅̅̅
2. Find m𝑾𝑺𝑬 𝑾𝑽 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑽𝑬
Solution:
Step 1. Find the value of x.
̂ ≅ 𝑊𝑆
𝑆𝐸 ̂
Theorem 2
(8x - 5)0 = (3x + 10)0
5x = 15
x=3

̂
Step 2. Find 𝑊𝑆𝐸
̂ = 𝑆𝐸
m𝑊𝑆𝐸 ̂ + 𝑊𝑆
̂
̂ = (8𝑥 − 5)0 + (3𝑥 + 10)0
𝑊𝑆𝐸
̂ = (8(3) − 5)0 + (3(3) + 10)0
𝑊𝑆𝐸
̂ = (24 − 5)0 + (9 + 10)0
𝑊𝑆𝐸
̂ = 190 +190
𝑊𝑆𝐸
̂ = 𝟑𝟖0
𝑾𝑺𝑬
 Measure of Figures Mathematical
Arc and symbol
Angles
The degree
measure of a m𝐴𝐶̂ = m∠ABC
minor arc is Example:
equal to the If the measure of
measure of ̂ 0
𝐴𝐶 is 90 , then
the central m∠ABC = 90 0

angle which
intercepts it.
 The degree
measure of a If the measure of
major arc is the minor arc or
equal to 360° central angle is
minus the 900, then what
measure of would be the
the minor arc measure of the
or central major arc?
angle. Solution:
̂ = 3600 -m<ABC
m𝐴𝐶𝐷
̂ = 3600 – x0
m𝐴𝐶𝐷
 ̂ = 3600 – 900
m𝐴𝐶𝐷
̂
m𝑨𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 0

A semicircle Its measure is

is always 180°.
equal to half Example:
of the circle’s ADC = 1800
circumferenc
e.
Arc Addition The measure of
Postulate the arc formed
by two adjacent
arcs is the sum
of the measures
of the two arcs.
Example:
̂ + 𝐷𝐴
𝐶𝐷 ̂ = 𝐶𝐷𝐴
̂
̂ = 890 and
If 𝐶𝐷
̂
𝐷𝐴 = 110 0

Then,
̂ = 𝐶𝐷
𝐶𝐷𝐴 ̂ + 𝐷𝐴
̂
 ̂ = 890 + 1100
𝐶𝐷𝐴
̂
𝑪𝑫𝑨 = 𝟏𝟗𝟗 0
CHART TITLE

Sum of the The sum of the

Measures of 1 2 measures of the
the Central 3

central angles of
Angle
a circle with no
common interior
points is 360
degrees.
 In mathematical
symbol;
m∠1+ m∠2 + m∠3 = 3600
Find the m∠DEI. .
Solution:
m∠DEI+m∠IEM+m∠DEM= 3600
0 0 0.
m∠DEI + 35 + 205 = 360
0 0
m∠DEI+ 240 = 360
m∠DEI = 1200
 CONGRUENT CIRCLES AND
CONGRUENT ARCS
Circles are congruent if
Congr their radii are
uent congruent.
Circles Example:
̅̅̅̅
BC is a raduis of circle B.
̅̅̅̅̅
NM is a raduis of circle N.
If ̅̅̅̅
BC ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
NM, then ⊙B ≅
⊙N.
 Example:
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑃 is 3 cm in ⊙M
̅̅̅̅ is 3 cm in ⊙N
𝑋𝑌

If ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑃 ≅ 𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅, then ⊙M
≅ ⊙Y.
In a circle or
Congr congruent circles,
uent congruent arcs have
Arcs congruent measures.
Example:
In circle B, ∠1 ≅ ∠2
̂ ≅ 𝐴𝐶
then 𝐸𝐶 ̂.

If ⊙B ≅ ⊙F, then
̂ ≅ 𝐻𝐺
𝐸𝐶 ̂ and 𝐶𝐴
̂ ≅
̂
𝐻𝐺.
CIRCLES: ARCS AND INSCRIBED ANGLES
INSCRIBED ANGLE:
An inscribed angle is an angle formed by
two chords that have a common endpoint on
the circle. This common endpoint is the
vertex of the angle. The other two endpoints
of the chords defines the intercepted arc of
the inscribed angle. The intercepted arc is a
section of the circumference that lies inside
the angle or it is a part of the circumference
bounded by the endpoints of the legs of the
angle.
 Term Diagra Discussion
Related to m
Circle
Inscribed angle is an
Inscribed angle which vertex is
Angle on the circle and
sides contain chords
of the circle.
 Example:∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 is the
inscribed angle of the
figure.
Intercepted Intercepted arc is the
Arc arc that lies in the
interior of an
inscribed angle and
has endpoints on the
angle.
Example: 𝐵𝐶̂ is the
intercepted arc of the
inscribed angle
∠𝐶𝐴𝐵
 THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLE
Theorem 1 ∠MAP is an inscribed
The angle and intercepts
measure of ̂.
𝑀𝑃
the inscribed ∠MAP = ½ 𝑀𝑃 ̂
angle is equal Find the value of ˂PEN
to one-half of if ˂PEN is an inscribed
its angle and intercepts
intercepted ̂.
𝑃𝑁
arc (or the Solutions:
measure of ∠PEN = ½ 𝑃𝑁̂
the
intercepted ∠PEN = ½ (860)
arc is twice ∠PEN = 430
the measure
of the
inscribed
angle).
∠RAK and ∠RMK
̂.
both intercept 𝑅𝐾
Thus, ∠RAK ≅
∠RMK.
Theorem 2 Find the measure of
If two ∠NIE.
inscribed Solutions:
angles of a
Step 1:
circle
intercept the ∠𝑁𝐼𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑁𝑉𝐸
same arc, (10𝑥 − 4) = (7𝑥 + 2)°
then the 3𝑥° = 6
angles are 𝑥° = 2
congruent. Step 2:
∠𝑁𝐼𝐸 = 10(2) − 4°
∠𝑁𝐼𝐸 = 20 − 4°
 ∠𝑁𝐼𝐸 = 16°

Theorem 3 ̂ is a semicircle
If 𝑃𝐸𝐴
If an and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐴 is a diameter,
inscribed then, m∠𝐴𝐶𝑃 = 90°.
angle Find the value of x.
intercepts a Solutions:
diameter or m∠𝐻𝐼𝑇 = 90°
semicircle, 6𝑥°= 90°
then the 𝑥= 15°
angle is a
right angle.

Theorem 4 1.Quadrilateral
If a LPMO is inscribed
quadrilateral in ⊙ 𝑁, then
is inscribed in ∠𝑀OL + ∠𝐿𝑃𝑀 = 180°
a circle, then and
its opposite ∠𝑃𝑀𝑂 + ∠𝑂𝐿𝑃 = 180°
angles are Find the value of
supplementa ∠𝑁𝑇𝐹.
ry. Solutions:
∠𝐹𝑂𝑁+ ∠𝑁𝑇𝐹 =180°
(5𝑦)°+(3𝑦 + 12)°=180°
(8𝑦)° =168°
𝑦 =21°
Thus,
∠𝑁𝑇𝐹 = (5(21))°
∠𝑁𝑇𝐹 = 105°