Technical Data

6. Handling of Bearings

1 Cleaning of bearing and filling with grease is necessary to thoroughly dry the bearing in order to
avoid leakage of grease. After drying, be sure to
immediately fill grease into the bearing.
To achieve a maximum speed and limited
・Drying with hot air (Be careful about cleanliness of
temperature rise with a precision rolling bearing, it is
hot air.)
vital to handle the bearing correctly.
・Drying in constant temperature chamber.
The handling of bearing involves cleaning, drying,
■Filling with grease
(filling with grease) running-in operation. For each step,
After filling grease, turn the bearing by hand to
follow the precautions and instructions.
uniformly distribute the grease to the whole rolling
A sealed bearing contains prefilled grease. Do not
surface.
clean (rinse) and dry this type of bearing. Only wipe
away rust-preventive oil with clean cloth and then
<Ball bearings> See Photo 6.1
・By using an injector or small plastic bag, fill grease
assemble the bearing.
between balls in equal amounts, aiming at the inner
ring rolling surface.
■Cleaning of bearing (removal of rust-preventive oil)
・For the bearing ring-guiding cage, apply grease also
・Immerse the bearing in kerosene or a highly
to the guide surface of cage using a spatula etc.
volatile solvent such as naphthesol and wash it by
・If grease cannot be filled into the inner ring rolling
stirring by hand. Then, remove the kerosene using
surface owing to a smaller space in the inner ring
benzene or alcohol. When blowing away the rinse
side (in the case of 7 series polyamide resin cage
oil, be use to use clean compressed air.
etc.), fill grease into the outer ring rolling surface. In
(The bearing may be used as delivered in the
this case, carefully turn the bearing so that the
case of air-oil lubrication. However, we recommend
grease is fully spread in the inner ring side, too.
that after cleaning the bearing be coated with the
lubricant to be used or a less viscous oil or be
<Roller bearings> See Photo 6.2
・Apply grease to the outer (inner) side of rollers, and
immersed in the lubricant or low-viscosity oil.)
while turning the rollers with fingers, spread the
■Drying of bearing
grease to the inner ring (outer ring) side.
If the bearing is to be used with grease-lubrication, it

By using an injector or small Apply grease to the outer

plastic bag, fill grease between circumference of cage.
balls in equal amounts, aiming
at the rolling surface of the
inner ring.

After completion of filling Apply grease to the outer side

of rollers, and while turning the
rollers with fingers, spread the
grease to the inner ring (outer
ring) side.

Turn by hand so that the grease (After applying grease)

is fully distributed in the bearing. If a lump of grease remains on
While turning by hand, the outer face of cage rib, the
adequately apply a load to the grease can be whipped and the
inner ring. running-in operation can take a
longer time. With fingers,
spread the grease deposited on
the outer surface of rib on the
cage (see the photo).

Photo. 6.1 Filling grease into angular contact ball bearing Photo. 6.2 Method for filling grease into cylindrical roller bearing

27
 Technical Data

■Running-in operation this problem, run the roller bearing at a maximum

[Air-oil or oil-mist lubrication] speed range for a prolonged period.
The running-in operation is relatively simple with oil Increase the bearing speed in steps of 500 to 1000
lubrication because no peak temperature occurs and min-1 only after the bearing temperature has saturated
the bearing temperature saturates within a relatively at the current speed setting.
short time. NTN recommends that the speed of your For the speed range where the dmn (pitch circle
bearing be increased in steps of 2000 to 3000 min-1 diameter across rolling elements multiplied by speed)
until the maximum speed is reached and maintained at exceeds 300,000, increase the bearing speed in steps
every speed setting for about 30 minutes. However, for of 500 min-1 to ensure safety.
the speed range where the dmn (pitch circle diameter
across rolling elements multiplied by speed) exceeds
1,000,000, increase the bearing speed in steps of 1000
to 2000 min-1 to ensure safety. 2 Mounting of bearing

[Grease lubrication] When mounting a bearing to a main spindle, follow

For a grease-lubricated bearing, a running-in operation either of the usual mounting techniques described
is very important in attaining stable heat rise. During a below because the fit between the shaft and bearing
running-in operation, a greater temperature rise (peak) inner ring is interference fit:
occurs while the bearing speed is increased, and then (1) Press-fitting with hydraulic press
the bearing temperature eventually stabilizes. Before (2) Mounting by heating bearings
temperature stabilizing, a certain lead time will be needed. With either technique, it is important to control the
<Ball bearing> adverse effects of mounting a bearing and maintain the
NTN recommends that the bearing speed be bearing accuracies.
increased in steps of 1000 to 2000 min-1 and be further (1) About press-fitting with hydraulic press
increased only after the temperature has saturated at Before press-fitting a bearing with a hydraulic press
the current speed setting. such as a hand press, the press-fitting force caused by
However, for the speed range where the dmn (pitch the interference between the shaft and inner ring must
circle diameter across rolling elements multiplied by be calculated first. (A hydraulic press having a capacity
speed) exceeds 400,000, increase the bearing speed in greater than the required press-fitting force must be
steps of 500 to 1000 min-1 to ensure safety. employed.) Next, using an inner ring press-fitting jig, the
<Roller bearing> inner ring is correctly press-fitted to the shoulder of
Compared with contact ball bearings, the time to peak shaft (be careful not to exert a force to the outer ring).
temperature or saturation in running-in operation of After the press-fitting operation, it is important to
roller bearings tends to be longer. Also, there will be measure the accuracies on various portions of the
temperature rise owing to whipping of grease and bearing to verify that the bearing has been correctly
temperature rise profile can be unstable. To cope with mounted to the shaft. When using a combination of
multiple rows of bearings, measure the runout after
assembly and correct a misalignment across the outer
Hydraulic press
rings.

■Calculation of press-fitting force

Press-fitting jig The press-fitting force occurring from the interference
between the shaft and inner ring can be determined by
the formula given below.
According to the calculated press-fitting force, a
hydraulic press having a sufficiently large capacity must
be used to mount a bearing, considering the variations
in dimensional errors among the bearings. The force
needed to press-fitting an inner ring to a shaft can be
obtained with the formula (6.1).
Fig. 6.1 Press-fitting pressure
Force to press-fit inner ring to shaft
Shaft rotation Kd＝μ・P・π・d・B………………………（6.1）
Measurement of where,
concentricity of Kd : Force for press-fitting or extracting an inner ring N
outer ring
P : Surface pressure on fitting surface MPa
(see Table 6.1)
d : Shaft diameter, inner ring bore diameter mm
D Outer ring outside diameter mm
B : Inner ring width
Fig. 6.2 Checking for face Fig. 6.3 Checking for B : Sliding friction coefficient (when press-fitting
runout of inner ring concentricity of outer ring inner ring over cylindrical shaft: 0.12)

28
 Technical Data

Table 6.1 (2) About mounting by heating bearings

Symbol When mounting a bearing to a shaft using a constant
Fitting conditions and calculation formulas (unit N [kg]-mm) temperature chamber, bearing heater or the like, follow
d : Shaft diameter, the instructions below.
Fitting surface pressure

Fits between solid steel shaft and inner ring inner ring bore
E Δdeff d 2 diameter Heat the bearing at a temperature that reflects the
P＝
2 d
［ Di
］
1−（ ） ……………（6.2） do : Hollow shaft bore
diameter
interference between the shaft and inner ring (see Fig. 6.5).
Di :Inner ring average Linear expansion coefficient 12.5×10-6, heating
raceway groove temperatureΔT, inner ring bore diameter φd, and
Fits between hollow steel shaft and inner ring diameter
E Δdeff ［1−（do／Di）］
2 2
［1−（do／d）］ Δdeff : Effective interference fit δ＝12.5×10-6×d×ΔT
P＝ interference
2 d 2
［1−（do／Di）］ Ex.) If φd = 100 mm, and δ= 0.030 (30 μm, tight fit),
MPa E : Modulus of
［Kgf／ longitudinal elasticity then the required heating temperature ΔT = 23.8˚C.
mm2］ ……………（6.3） = 210 GPa
Therefore, the bearing should be heated to
approximately [room temperature + 30˚C]. (Be sure
to be cooled heated bearing during mounting
d operation.)
Δdeff ＝―――Δd……………………………………（6.4）
d＋2
NOTE
(In the case of grinding machine) ¡If a resin material is used for the cage of angular contact
Δd : Theoretical interference fitting amount ball bearing, do not excessively heat the bearing (approx.
80˚C max.).
4d＋D
Di＝1.05――――………………………………………（6.5） ¡As a result of heating bearings after cooling, the inner ring
5 will axially shrink, and a clearance will occur between the
bearing side face and shaft shoulder (Fig. 6.6). For this
B reason, keep the bearing and shaft forced together with a
press or the like until the temperature drops to an ordinary
d0

temperature. After cooling-off, check that the bearing is

mounted to the shaft correctly.
¡When using a bearing heater, be sure to avoid overheating.
Di
d

To prevent bearing from being magnetized, use equipment

that have a demagnetizing feature.

280 280
Fig. 6.4
0°C re

C
80˚
˚C
arin e—befo

260 260
70

˚C
60
g 9

˚C

240 240
is

50
g th ature r
Diametric expansion of inner ring bore μm

˚C

<Example of calculation for press-fitting force>

e be

220 220
40
r
r he tempe

The result of calculation for press-fitting force for tight

Max. interference amount μm

200 ˚C 200
30
atin

r6
fit of 2 μm interference between the shaft and inner
and rence in

180 180
ring for the standard angular contact ball bearing is as
afte
Diffe

160 160
summarized below: p6
140 140
・7020C (φ100×φ150× 24)
120 120
・Tight-fit with shaft, with interference of 2μm (in the n6

case of solid shaft) 100 m6 100

80 80
100 60 60
Δdeff＝―――×0.002＝0.00196 k5
102 40 j5 40

20 20

4×100＋150
Di＝1.05×―――――――――＝115.5 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
5 Bearing bore diameter mm
Fig. 6.5 Required heating temperature for mounting by
210000 0.00196 100 2 heating inner ring
P＝―――――×―――――［1− （――――） ］＝0.52 MPa Remarks: The maximum interference amounts are interference values
2 100 115.5 associated with class 0 bearings.

Kd＝0.12×0.52×π×100×24＝470 N

To accommodate for variation in the lubrication

After
conditions, incorporate a safety factor of 2 to 3. As a cooling
result, the required press-fitting force is: Shrinkage

470×(2 to 3) = 940 to 1410 N

Fig. 6.6 About cooling after mounting by heating bearings

29
 Technical Data

3 Tightening of inner ring ■Correlation between tightening torque and

tightening force with precision bearing nut
When mounting and securing a bearing to a main The correlation between a tightening torque and
spindle, the inner ring side is usually tightened with a tightening force with precision bearing nut can be
stepped sleeve or precision bearing nut and the front defined with the formula given below.
cover situated in the outer ring side is bolted down. Since the thread face of precision bearing nut, the
When utilizing a stepped sleeve or precision bearing thread face of shaft and the bearing surface of precision
nut to tighten the inner ring side, the following bearing nut constitute sliding surfaces, the correlation
precautions must be observed. between tightening torque and tightening force with the
precision bearing nut will vary depending on the friction
■Tightening with stepped sleeve coefficient during tightening of the precision bearing
The stepped sleeve is designed such that the nut. Therefore, the precision bearing nut needs to be
hydraulically expanded sleeve is inserted over the shaft, thoroughly run on the shaft thread in advance.
and a predetermined drive-up force (tightening force) is It is also necessary to calibrate the correlation
applied to the shaft, and then the hydraulic pressure is between tightening torque and tightening force by using
released in order to secure the sleeve onto shaft and a load washer(s) or the like in advance.
give a tightening force to the bearing. This technique is a
M
relatively simple locking method (Fig. 6.7). F＝―――――――――――――――……………………（6.6）
Note however that since being locked in position with （d／2）tan（β+ρ）＋rnμn
its interference with the shaft, the sleeve can come
F ：Thread tightening force kgf
loose owing to deflection of the shaft or a moment load
M ：Nut tightening torque N-mm
applied to the shaft.
d ：Effective diameter of thread mm
For this reason, in many cases, a stepped sleeve is
ρ ：Friction angle of thread face
used together with a bearing nut as illustrated in Fig.
6.8. μ
tan ρ＝―――― ……………………………（6.7）
cos α

Stepped sleeve β ：Lead angle of thread

tan β＝πd number of threads×pitch…（6.8）
Application of rn ：Average radius of bearing nut surface mm
tightening force
μn ：Friction coefficient of bearing nut surface
Hydraulic pressure μn∼＝ 0.15
μ ：Friction coefficient of thread face μ∼ ＝ 0.15
α ：Half angle of thread
Fig. 6.7 Tightening with stepped sleeve
<Example calculation>
Stepped sleeve ・Bearing nut
Precision bearing nut AN20 (Fig. 6.10)
・Thread data
M100×2 (class 2 thread)
Effective diameter
d=φ98.701 mm
φ101 φ120
Fig. 6.8 Tightening with stepped sleeve + precision bearing nut Half angle of thread α= 30°
The correlation between a Fig. 6.10
tightening torque and tightening force with the
■Tightening with precision bearing nut precision bearing nut can be expressed as follows:
Tightening with a precision bearing nut (precision lock
nut) provides a predetermined tightening force by 0.15
tan ρ＝―――― ρ＝9.826゜
controlling the bearing torque. cos30゜
When locking the bearing with a precision bearing
nut, make sure that the squareness between the 1×2
tan β＝―――――― β＝0.370゜
bearing surface and the shaft centerline is 3 μm or less π×98.701
so that adequate bearing accuracies are maintained.
101＋120
rn＝―――――＝110.5
Locking setscrew 2
Precision lock nut
M
F＝
98.701
tan（0.370＋9.826）＋110.50×0.15×10-2
2
M M
＝ ＝
25.451×10-2 0.2545
Fig. 6.9 Tightening with precision bearing nut

30
 Technical Data

4 Elastic deformation of spacer resulting Table 6.2 Nut tightening force

from tightening force Bearing bore diameter Nut tightening force Front cover drive-up
(mm) (N) (mm)
20
25
In incorporating a bearing into a main spindle, the 30
2940∼4000
bearing must be correctly forced into a predetermined 35
position and maintained with a predetermined bearing 40
45 4900∼9800
pressure in order to maintain appropriate accuracies, 50
clearances and rigidities of the bearing and main 55
spindle. 60
65 9800∼14700
When axially locating a duplex angular contact ball 70
bearing or the like by using a bearing spacer, the cross- 75
sectional area of spacer, as well as (depending on the 80
85
tightening force) the bearing pressure and elastic 90
deformation resulting from tightening of the spacer must 95
100 14700∼24500 0.01∼0.02
be considered. 105
110
■Correlation between inner ring spacer tightening 120
130
force and amount of elastic deformation 140
When securing an angular contact ball bearing onto a 150
main spindle, the bearing inner ring is tightened and 160
170 24500∼34300
locked by the shoulder of main spindle and a bearing 180
nut and/or stepped sleeve. This inner ring tightening 190
force causes the spacer to develop elastic deformation 200
220
in the axial direction, varying the axial clearance on the 240
bearing. In the case of a back-to-back duplex bearing 260 （34300∼44100）
280
(DB, DTBT) for a main spindle in particular, the inner 300
ring tightening force will decrease the bearing NOTE 1) NTN has specified the nut tightening forces in this table
clearance, possibly leading to an increased post- based on its experiences about reviewing and assessing the
drawings from its users. However, NTN has no production record
assembly preload and operating preload. A possible for bore diameter measures 220 mm and over. Thus, the nut
inner ring tightening force-derived axial deformation can tightening forces in parentheses are estimated values.
NOTE 2) When the fitting amount between a shaft and an inner ring is large,
develop in the form of deformation of both the inner ring the tightening force is needed which is about twice as large as the
calculated press-fitting force of the inner ring.
and inner ring spacer. However, from its experiences,
NTN currently considers the elastic deformation on
inner ring spacers only.
5 Front cover drive-up

When mounting and securing a bearing onto a main

Inner ring
tightening force spindle, its inner ring side is usually tightened with a
Elastic deformation stepped sleeve or precision bearing nut and its outer
ring side is bolted down. When locking the outer ring
Fig. 6.11 Elastic deformation of inner ring spacer with a front cover, the following points need to be
considered.

The amount of deformation on a spacer is calculated ■Front cover pressing amount

using an elastic deformation calculation formula: The bearing outer ring is tightened and locked with the
shoulder of housing and front cover (main spindle front
P×L section). The front cover is installed by utilizing the bolt
δ＝――――……………………………………（6.9）
A×E holes (6 to 8 positions) on its flange. The usual pressing
allowance on the outer ring by the front cover which
δ ：Elastic deformation mm NTN has adopted through its experience falls in a range
P ：Inner ring tightening force N of 0.01 to 0.02 mm. Too large a pressing amount on the
L ：Inner ring spacer width mm outer ring or a smaller number of fastening bolts can
A ：Inner ring cross-sectional area mm2 lead to deteriorated roundness with the bearing ring.
E ：Young's modulus 210000N／mm2 Typical fit and deterioration in roundness of a
raceway surface resulting from the pressing amount of
The adequate tightening force exerted onto inner ring 0.05 mm on an outer ring are shown in Fig. 6.14. Also,
spacers varies depending on the bearing manufacturer. typical outer ring pressing amount and deterioration of a
From its experience, NTN adopts the typical values raceway surface resulting from a fit adjusted to be 5μm
listed in Table 6.2. looser are provided in Fig. 6.15.

31
 Technical Data

To avoid deformation of the outer ring raceway

surface, NTN recommends that the outer ring be Fit: Looser by 5 μm

Deterioration in roundness of
Bolt tightening torque: 2 kN-cm
installed to a highly accurate housing with a greater

raceway surface (μm)

3
number of bolts in transition fit.
Bolts, 2 pos.
2
Bolts, 6 pos.
δ＝δ1−δ2(= 0.01 to 0.02 mm is recommended)
1
δ1 δ2

0
Locked with bolt 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Pressing allowance on outer ring (mm)

Front cover Fig. 6.15 Pressing allowance on outer ring vs.

deterioration in roundness of raceway surface

6 Method for checking for bearing axial rigidity

Fig. 6.12 Front cover pressing allowance

In a typical method for checking for the axial rigidity of

a bearing installed to a machine tool, the main spindle
itself is pushed with a push-pull gage to measure the
resultant axial displacement. For the purpose of
explanation, a method using a dial gage is described
below.
Two dial gages are placed on two locations
(axisymmetric locations separated by 180˚) at the
leading end of the main spindle (use magnetic stands to
secure the dial gages to the end face of housing). Then,
a load is applied onto the main spindle and the resultant
axial displacement is measured.

Shaft end of
Fig. 6.13 Measuring position for roundness on outer main spindle Dial gage
ring raceway surface
Hydraulic cylinder

8
Deterioration in roundness

Pressing amount on outer ring: 0.05 mm

7 Bolt tightening torque: 2 kN-cm
of raceway (μm)

6
5
Bolts, 2 pos.
4
3
2 Bolts, 6 pos. Dial gage
1
Photo 6.3
0
−3 0 5 9 12
Fitting amount allowance between bearing
outside surface and housing (μm)

Dial gage
Fig. 6.14 Effect of fit of outer ring on roundness of
raceway surface
Measuring load
(push-pull gage
etc.)

Dial gage

Fig. 6.16 Checking for axial rigidity

32
 Technical Data

7 Clearance adjustment for cylindrical roller bearing

When incorporating a cylindrical roller bearing into a EX. 2

main spindle of a machine tool such as an NC turning Housing outside diameter Dh=φ200, outer ring outside
machine or machining center, and if the bearing internal diameter D=φ150, outer ring bore diameter D0 = φ137
clearance is set to zero or to a negative clearance, the
inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing usually 137 1−（150/200）2
ΔG＝0.002・ ・ ＝0.0015 ……（6.11）
selected has a tapered bore. 150 （150/200）2
1−（137/150）
・
The bearing internal clearance is adjusted by fitting
the tapered bore bearing onto the tapered main spindle (2) Measurement of bearing position and bearing
and further driving up the tapered bore bearing in the radial clearance on a temporarily mounted bearing
axial direction to expand the bearing inner ring. ¡Mount the bearing inner ring with the cage and rollers
For adjusting the internal clearance, two methods are onto the tapered shaft (see Fig. 6.18).
available: a method consisting of clearance In this process, force the inner ring until its tapered
measurement for each bearing and adjustment with a bore face is fully seated, and then measure the
spacer(s), and a method with a post-mounting internal distance between the shaft shoulder and inner ring
clearance adjustment gage. side face (L1).
NOTE: After mounting the inner ring, check that the bearing
■Method with clearance measurement and side face is square to the main spindle centerline.
adjustment with spacer (s) ¡At this point, mount the outer ring, move the outer ring
Adjust the bearing internal Housing up and down by hand and then measure the internal
clearance by following the clearance after mounting (Δr1)(see Fig. 6.19).
procedure described below: ¡Calculate the estimated bearing clearance _1 after
(1) Calculation of outer ring press-fitting the outer ring into the housing with the
Dh
shrinkage (see Fig. 6.17) D formula (6.12) (the result of calculation reflects the
¡Calculate the interference D0 outer ring shrinkage ΔG).
at the fitting area Δdeff
between the outer ring and Fig. 6.17 Fit between Δ1＝Δr1−ΔG…………………………………（6.12）
outer ring and housing
housing.
EX. 3
To do so, first measure the housing bore diameter,
Internal clearance after mounting Δ1= 0.030,
and then calculate the interference Δdeff from the
outer ring shrinkage ΔG= 0.0015
relation with the outer ring outside dimension in the
Estimated bearing clearance
bearing inspection result table.
Δ1 = 0.030 - 0.0015 = 0.00285
EX. 1 (3) Adjustment of spacer width between shaft
Bearing outer ring outside diameter shoulder and inner ring
φ150 mm (Inspection sheet = -0.005) To be able to adjust the bearing clearance after
Housing bore diameter D mounting to the main spindle to a predetermined target
φ150 mm (measurement data = -0.007) value (δ), determine the spacer width Ln with the
Interference at fitting area formula (6.13) (refer to Figs. 6.20 and 6.21).
Δdeff = 0.002 (2 μm tighter)
¡Calculate the outer ring shrinkage ΔG with the Ln＝L1＋f（δ−Δ1）……………………………（6.13）
formula (6.10). （n＝2，3，4・・・）

The value f in the formula (6.13) is found in the table

2
D0 1−（D/Dh） below.
ΔG＝Δdeff・ ・ 2
…………（6.10）
D 1−（D0/D）
・
（D/Dh）

Table 6.3 Value f

Ln
L1 Δr1 Δrn Value Value
dm／di f
0 ∼0.2 13
0.2∼0.3 14
0.3∼0.4 15
0.4∼0.5 16 di dm
Fig. 6.18 Fig. 6.19 Fig. 6.20 0.5∼0.6 17
Measurement of Measurement of Clearance measurement
bearing position bearing radial clearance after insertion of spacer 0.6∼0.7 18 Fig. 6.21 About dm／di

33
 Technical Data

EX. 4 ■Method with remaining internal clearance gage

In the case of NN3020K, if d = dia.φ100, width B = 37, The remaining internal clearance gage has a
and di = d + 1/12 ・ B/2, cylindrical ring of which has a cut-out so that the ring
then di = dia.φ101.54717. can be opened and closed. The bore surface of the ring
If the targeted post-mounting clearance value δ= is used as a location for measurement. (The clearance
0.015, L1 = 15, dm = dia.φ60, Δ1 = 0.0285, then dm/di= value at the location for measurement is proportional to
60/101.5417 = 0.5909, and, therefore, f = 17. the reading on the dial gage.) As illustrated in Fig. 6.23,
Thus, the spacer width Ln between the shoulder and the clearance gage consists of a ring gage, dial gage,
inner ring equivalent to δ= 0.015 will be the value and attachment components. Its fixture protects the
expressed by the formula below: interference gage not in use against possible
Ln＝15＋17×（0.015−0.0285）＝14.7705 deformation owing to an external force. For a measuring
operation, detach the fixture.
(4) Bearing clearance measurement after insertion
of spacer (see Fig. 6.20)
Insert a spacer that satisfies the spacer width Ln Dial gage
between the shoulder and inner ring determined in the
Handle
previous step, and tighten the bearing inner ring until NTN

the spacer does not move anymore. Next, move the Gage support bolt
bearing outer ring up and down by hand and measure
the internal clearance after mounting (post-mounting
internal clearance) Δrn. The estimated bearing
Fixture
clearance Δn after press-fitting of the outer ring into the
housing is determined with the formula below: Gage bolt NN30XXK
Ring gage
（n＝2，3，4・・・） Open/close bolt
Δn＝Δrn−ΔG……………………………………（6.14）

(5) Final adjustment for spacer width Fig. 6.23 Descriptions of various components on
¡repeat the steps (3) and (4) above to gradually remaining internal clearance measurement gage
decrease the spacer width Ln so as to adjust the post-
mounting bearing clearance to the targeted
clearance. ●About usage of remaining internal clearance gage
¡By plotting the correlation between the spacer width
and post-mounting clearance as illustrated in Fig. (1) Measurement of outer ring groove diameter
6.22, the spacer width for the final targeted clearance (bore raceway diameter)
will be more readily obtained. ¡Mount the bearing outer ring into the housing.
Positive clearance: (For easy mounting, heat the housing.)
All rollers are sliding rather than rolling. ¡Check that the temperature on the outer ring already
Clearance = 0: mounted into the housing is same as that on the inner
About half of the rollers are rolling but the rest ring, and then measure the outer ring groove
are sliding. diameter (bore diameter). Take measurements at
Negative clearance: several points and calculate the average, and then
All rollers are rolling rather than sliding. set the zero of the dial of cylinder to this average.

0.04
Assembled clearance（mm）

0.03

0.02

0.01
Targeted value

0
Photo 6.4
-0.01
14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15
Spacer width Ln（mm）

Fig. 6.22 Correlation between spacer width Ln and

post-mounting clearance Δn

34
 Technical Data

(2) Setup of remaining internal clearance gage measure the dimensionR(Fig. 6.24) between the
¡Place the cylinder gage, which underwent a inner ring side face and shaft shoulder.
measuring operation and setup in step (1), onto the ¡Measure the dimension L at least on three locations,
bore surface of clearance adjustment gage as shown and finally adjust the spacer widthRto the average of
in Photo 6.5, and adjust it with the open/close bolt so three measurement sets.
that its dial □ is set to zero. ¡Loosen the shaft nut (precision lock nut etc.) of the
¡When the reading of dial □ of the cylinder gage is main spindle, and then remove the shaft nut, inner
zero, adjust the gage bolt so that the pointer of dial □ ring spacer and inner ring from the main spindle.
points at the red mark (correction amount of the
gage). (Photo 6.6)
With the gage bolt, adjust the gage so that the short
pointer is situated at around the scale 2 position.
NOTE 1) Photo 6.6 shows the inner ring and rollers. Set the
pointer of dial □ after the cylinder gage has been
inserted and when the reading of dial □ is zero.
NOTE 2) The pointer of dial □ is directed to the red mark
when the reading of dial □ is zero. The purpose of
this is to provide the correction amount to
compensate for the difference between the reading
on bearing and the reading on cylinder gage. The
correction amount can vary from gage to gage.
NOTE 3) When the pointer of dial □ is in line with the red
mark, the zero reading on dial □ coincides with the Photo 6.5
zero bearing clearance.

(3) Setting up the remaining internal clearance gage

on the main spindle
¡Mount the inner ring onto the main spindle, and lightly
tighten the bearing nut.
¡Tightening the open/close bolt (see Fig. 6.23) on the
clearance adjustment gage will cause the gage bore
to expand.
With the gage bore expanded by about 0.15 mm,
insert the gage into the outside diameter portion of
the roller set in the inner ring, being careful not to
damage the rollers (Photo 6.7).
¡Loosening the open/close bolt will cause the gage Photo 6.6
bore to shrink.
Loosen the open/close bolt to bring the gage bore
into contact with the outside diameter of the ball set in
the inner ring.
¡Lightly swing the clearance adjustment gage in the
circumferential direction to stabilize the pointer of dial
gage.

(4) Setup of inner ring clearance

¡Being careful not to cause shock onto the bearing,
tighten the shaft nut (precision lock nut etc.) of the
main spindle.
¡Further tighten the shaft nut of the main spindle until
the reading on the dial of clearance adjustment gage Photo 6.7
becomes zero.
¡Once the reading on the dial of clearance adjustment
Shaft nut
gage is zero, carefully swing the adjustment gage R
again to check that the measurement value is correct.
¡Loosen the open/close bolt on the clearance
adjustment gage to expand the gage bore and draw
out the gage from the inner ring.

(5) Determination of spacer width dimension

¡Now, the inner ring is in the position where the
reading on the dial of clearance adjustment gage
became zero in step (4). Using a block gage, Fig. 6.24 Spacer width dimension

35
 Technical Data

(6) Correct assembling, and rechecking of the after ¡CASE 2: The reading relative to the
0
mounted inner ring roller outside diameter of roller set zero point is deviated in the 10
5

¡Insert a correct spacer that was finished to dimension counterclockwise direction (CCW)
R, insert the inner ring and mounting spacer, and (Fig. 6.26), the value of remaining
then tighten the shaft nut. internal clearance (-) is 1/2.5 times
¡According to a procedure similar to that in steps (3) as large as the reading on dial Fig.6.26
"Setting up the remaining internal clearance gage on gage.
the main spindle" and (4) "Setup of inner ring Reading on dial gage in Fig. 6.26 = 5.0
clearance", check the after mounted inner ring roller Remaining internal clearance = 5.0/2.5 = (-)2 mm
outside diameter of roller set, and then check the
clearance setting. Note this process is only a recheck
procedure, and may be omitted once the clearance ●About setup of remaining internal clearance
measurements fall in a smaller range as a result of When setting the remaining internal clearance to a
measuring operation on a plurality of bearings. specific negative or positive value, shift the zero point
on dial gage by a value [targeted clearance multiplied
●About clearance indication factor and after by 2.5] prior to the setup of the clearance adjustment
mounted internal clearance reading gage.
(1) About clearance indication factor (2.5: clearance indication factor)
Because of the structure of the NTN remaining
internal clearance adjustment gage, the ratio of the
0 5 0
clearance reading on location for measurement to the 5
10 5

reading on dial gage is 1:2.5 (clearance indication 10

factor). (The clearance reading on the dial gage is 2.5

times as large as the remaining internal clearance.) For
reference, a clearance reading conversion table is
given in Table 6.3.
Fig. 6.27 Adjustment for Fig. 6.28 Adjustment for
NOTE: Note that the clearance indication factor of certain negative clearance positive clearance
bearing numbers is not 1:2.5. (In such a case, NTN (remaining internal (remaining internal
separately provides a clearance indication factor clearance: -0.8 μm) clearance: +1.0 μm)
based on an actually measured clearance value.)

(2) About remaining internal clearance (case where <About precautions for using and storing
clearance indication value 1:2.5) remaining internal clearance adjustment gage>
A reading on dial gage is converted into a post- When using the remaining internal clearance
mounting internal clearance in the following manner: adjustment gage, follow the precautions described
¡CASE 1: The reading relative to the below:
zero point is deviated in the 0
5 ¡When transferring the outer ring groove diameter
10
clockwise direction (CW) (Fig. measured with the cylinder gage to the remaining
6.25), the value of remaining internal clearance adjustment gage, use the
internal clearance (+) is 1/2.5 times adjustment gage in the vertical attitude (Photo 6.8).
as large as the reading on dial ¡When not using the post-mounting internal clearance
Fig.6.25
gage. adjustment gage, place it in the horizontal attitude
Reading on dial gage in Fig. 6.25 = 2.5 (Photo 6.9). Also, after completion of clearance
Remaining internal clearance = 2.5/2.5 = (+)1 mm measuring operation, apply rust-preventive coat to
the remaining internal clearance adjustment gage and
store it in a dry location.
Table 6.3 Clearance reading conversion table
Reading on Remaining internal Reading on Remaining internal
clearance on location clearance on location
dial gage for measurement dial gage for measurement
(mm) (μm) (mm) (μm)
0.5 0.2 5.5 2.2
1.0 0.4 6.0 2.4
1.5 0.6 6.5 2.6
2.0 0.8 7.0 2.8
2.5 1.0 7.5 3.0
3.0 1.2 8.0 3.2
3.5 1.4 8.5 3.4
4.0 1.6 9.0 3.6
4.5 1.8 9.5 3.8
Photo 6.8 Vertical storage Photo 6.9 Horizontal
5.0 2.0 10.0 4.0
attitude storage attitude

36
 Technical Data

8 Cylindrical roller bearing tapered bore Usually, the Blue Paste touch between a cylindrical
and main spindle taper angle roller bearing tapered hole and a tapered gage exhibits
a strong contact mark in the small diameter side as
show in Fig. 6.31. This is because NTN has intended to
In order for a precision bearing to perform as
allow the thick-walled small diameter side to readily
designed, it must be correctly mounted to a shaft and
expand, to accommodate for the difference in wall
housing. In particular, when employing a tapered bore
thickness directly below the rollers in duplex cylindrical
cylindrical roller bearing, accurate finish for the tapered
roller bearing inner ring.
main spindle and appropriate fit between the bearing
tapered bore and the tapered main spindle are very
important to ensure higher accuracies with the main
spindle. NTN recommends that the customer to use the
NTN tapered shaft ring gage that is finished to same
accuracies as the bearing so that the customer can
achieve higher precision. NTN also offers a plug gage
so that the customer can check the accuracies of a
related ring gage.

■About taper gage for precision roller bearing

Each NTN precision cylindrical roller bearing taper Fig. 6.31
gage consists of a female gage and a male gage (plug
gage) (Fig. 6.29).
Using Blue Paste or an equivalent as well as a ring ■Control of main spindle taper with ring gage
gage, control the fit of the bearing inner bore with the When controlling the main spindle taper angle with a
main spindle taper. This is because correct fit between ring gage, perform the following steps in this order.
the main spindle and the bearing leads to higher ¡Thoroughly clean the surface of a ring gage, and
accuracies with the main spindle. A plug gage is thinly apply Blue Paste to axisymmetrically situated
intended to check the accuracies of an associated ring four points.
gage. Use a plug gage to verify the taper accuracies of ¡Clean the tapered surface of the shaft tapered
an associated ring gage (Fig. 6.30). surface, and then gently insert the ring gage.
¡Draw out the ring gage while lightly turning it.
B ¡Check the patterns of Blue Paste deposited on the
B shaft tapered surface.
¡At this point, attach a strip of clear adhesive tape
Taper 1/12 onto each Blue Paste spot, and peel off each strip.
Attach strips of adhesive tape onto white paper and
φd1 φd φD φd check how much Blue Paste has deposited onto each
φd1
point. Check that more than 80% of applied Blue
Paste has deposited on the tapered surface.
Taper 1/12

Plug gage (TA) Ring gage (TB)

Fig. 6.29 Taper gage

Fig. 6.32 Application of Blue Paste to ring gage

Table 6.5 Examples of Blue

Paste touch record

Region A Small Large

Fig. 6.30 Blue Paste touch with taper gage A

Region B Small Large

■About taper angle D B
NTN machines the tapered bore of its cylindrical roller
bearing and the taper angle of its taper gage according Region C Small Large
C
to the tolerances below:
¡Standard taper angle 1/12 (4˚ 46' 18.8") Region D Small Large Fig. 6.33 Regions subjected
¡+12˚±12˚ for 1/12 taper with precision roller bearing to measurement with
(JIS class 4 and 2) Small: small diameter side Blue Paste
¡+9±3˚ with taper gage 1/12 Large: large diameter side

37
 Technical Data

9 Running-in operation for Temperature rise in running-in operation (1st cycle)

main spindle bearing 40

Temperature ˚C
30 2500min-1
For a grease-lubricated main spindle 20
3000min-1 3500min-1 4000min-1 Room
temperature
bearing, a running-in operation is 10
needed so that it can run smoothly.
0
The following two modes are possible 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

for the running-in operation: Operating time h

(1) A method where the speed of the Temperature rise in running-in operation (2nd cycle)
bearing is increased starting at a 40

Temperature ˚C
lower speed range, and is gradually 30
3000min-1 6000min-1
2500min-1 4500min-1 5000min-1
increased after the temperature is 20
4000min -1

saturated at each temperature 10 Room

temperature
setting (Fig. 6.34). 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(2) A method where the bearing is run Operating time h
for several minutes up to about the Temperature rise in running-in operation (3rd cycle)
maximum allowable speed limit of 40
Temperature ˚C

the bearing. This cycle is repeated

30
2500min-1 3500min-1 4500min-15000min-15400min-1
two to three times (Fig. 6.35).
20 6000min-1 6500min-1 7000min-1 7500min-1 8000min-1
The method (1) takes a longer Room
10
running-in time though it involves less temperature
0
grease deterioration owing to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

temperature rise. In contrast, the Operating time h

method (2) can shorten the running-in Temperature rise in running-in operation
time though its starting phase involves a 2500min-1 3500min-1 4500min-1 5400min-1 6000min-1 6500min-1 7000min-1 7500min-1 8000min-1

steep increase in bearing temperature, 40

Temperature ˚C

possibly deteriorating the quality of 30

Room
lubricant. 20 temperature
The supporting data for the methods 10
(1) and (2) are given in the right. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Generally, the temperature on a main Operating time h

spindle bearing is measured on the front Temperature rise in running-in operation (New bearing without running-in operation)
over. The temperature difference across 4000min-1 6000min-1 8000min-1
70
the bearing outer ring and front cover
60
reaches 2 to 3°C, and at the same time,
Temperature ˚C

50
the temperature difference between the
hottest rolling element and the inner ring 40 Room
temperature
raceway surface seems to reach 50 to 30

10°C. For this reason, NTN 20

recommends that the machine be 10

stopped if the temperature on front 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
cover reaches approximately 60°C, the Operating time h
machine be allowed to cool off, and then
the running-in operation be restarted. Fig. 6.34

80 80

70
Outer ring temperature 70
Speed
Outer ring temperature ˚C

60 60
Speed min-1

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
0 50 100 150
Run time min

Fig. 6.35

38