B1 Chapter 3: Reproduction

Knowledge organiser
Plant reproduction
Parts of a flower
Human reproduction pollen tube
stigma

anther
stamen filament
Adolescence Fertilisation style carpel
petal
The time during which you change from being a child to being an adult is ovule ovary
called adolescence. The physical changes that happen between the ages of An egg is released Sperm cells are produced
receptacle
9–14 are called every month. in the testicles/testes. sepal
puberty. pedicel
pubic Males
These Females egg cell
Sperm are mixed with
and underarm voice breaks, sexual nutrients and fluid from the Carpel
changes breasts develop, hair grows, body organs develop, Stamen
glands to form semen. female part of the flower
include: ovaries start to odour develops, cilia
testes start to male part of the flower • the stigma is sticky to catch
release egg cells, emotional produce sperm, • the anther produces pollen grains of pollen
periods start, During sexual intercourse
changes, growth shoulders widen, • the filament holds up the • the style holds up the stigma
hips widen, a male will release
spurt hair grows on face nucleus anther • the ovary contains ovules
semen into the vagina
and chest The egg cell is moved (ejaculation).
along the oviduct towards
the uterus by cilia. Pollination
Reproductive systems If a sperm meets the egg Pollination is the fertilisation of the ovule, which occurs when pollen is transferred
fertilisation may happen. from an anther to the stigma. Pollination can occur due to insects or the wind.
female male
oviduct – where the egg is fertilised both of seminal
before travelling along the tube to the uterus these vesicle sperm duct – cross-pollination self-pollination
supply carries sperm
from the testes
The fertilised egg may then
nutrients prostate
for the gland to the urethra implant in the uterus lining and between two different plants between the male and female
sperm penis – used to
place sperm form an embryo (ball of cells) parts of the same plant
testes – where
sperm is made
into the vagina Fertilisation
ovary – eggs uterus (womb) – stigma pollen grain
the fetus develops style
mature here here scrotum – keeps the
vagina – receives testes outside the body ovule nucleus
where the temperature urethra
cervix – entrance sperm from the
to uterus penis during is a few degrees cooler
and better for development ovule
sexual intercourse
of sperm just a dot 1 week – cells beginning
to specialise ovary
Day 28 Day 1
The menstrual cycle own ble
ks
d ed
ing 3 mm long 4 weeks – spine and brain
Day 1 – blood from uterus lining leaves ea forming, heart beating The tube grows out of the pollen The pollen nucleus moves The pollen nucleus joins with
grain and down through the style. down the tube. the ovule nucleus. Fertilisation
br

the body through the vagina.

ng

takes place and a seed will form.

lini

Day 5 – bleeding stops. Uterus lining the main steps 3 cm long 9 weeks – tiny movements,
lips and cheeks sense touch, The ovules become seeds and are dispersed away from each other and
begins to re-grow. in a baby's
up

eyes and ears forming from the parent plant. This is so they have space to grow and do not
development
builds

Day 14 – an egg cell is released from compete for resources such as nutrients. Dispersal can be by wind, animal,
unfe

one of the ovaries (ovulation). (gestation) during

ing

7 cm long 12 weeks – fetus uses its water or by explosion.

rtil

pregnancy
lin

muscles to kick, suck, swallow,

is

The egg cell travels through the

s
ed

ru

e
ut and practise breathing
oviduct towards the uterus. periods
stop
fertilised Day 14 Germination
egg released When a seed starts to grow it is called germination.
There are three important structures in the uterus during gestation: To germinate, seeds need:
Methods of contraception
placenta – where substances pass from female to foetus • water – for the seed to swell and the embryo to start growing
Condoms – A thin layer of latex Contraceptive pill – a daily tablet
umbilical cord – connects the fetus to the placenta • oxygen – for respiration and transferring energy for germination
rubber that prevents semen being that contains hormones. It prevents
released into the vagina. pregnancy by stopping ovulation. fluid sac – shock absorber that protects the baby. • warmth – to help speed up the reactions in the plant.

Key Words
Make sure you can write a definition for these key terms.
adolescence anther carpel cervix cilia condom contraception contraceptive pill ejaculation embryo fertilisation foetus filament fluid sac fruit gametes germination gestation
implantation menstrual cycle ovary penis period petal oviduct ovulation ovule placenta pollen pollination puberty scrotum seed seed dispersal semen sepal sex hormones
sexual intercourse sperm duct stamen stigma style testes umbilical cord urethra uterus vagina