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WRITE THE TITLE OF YOUR STUDY

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SPACING, 18 TIMES NEW ROMAN)
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14 Title Case
PhD / MPhil Thesis
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By
STUDENT NAME 14 UPPECASE
14 Title Case
Roll No.
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14 Title Case
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Institute of Education and Research
University of the Punjab
Month, Year 16 Title Case
14 Title Case

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 Top Margin
1 inch Inner Cover Page

WRITE THE TITLE OF YOUR STUDY

(UPPERCASE, BOLD, SINGLE LINE
SPACING, 18 TIMES NEW ROMAN)
{Space}
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14 Sentence case
By
STUDENT NAME 14 UPPECASE
14 Title Case
Roll No.
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Supervisor
NAME OF SUPERVISOR
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A Thesis Submitted to the Institute of Education and Research in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy/ Master of Philosophy in Education at
University of the Punjab
Month, Year 16 Title Case
14 Title Case

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 ABSTRACT

Begin your abstract from here. Briefly address the objective(s) of the study,

research question(s), sample and sampling procedure, and the instrument(s). Write the

type of the research used. Briefly discuss methodology. Mention validity and

reliability of the instrument, whether the instruments were developed, adapted or

adopted. Include the names of the Questionnaires. Discuss major findings of your

study based on your research questions or hypotheses. The abstract should also

include the limitations, recommendations, and implications. The maximum length of

the abstract should be 250-350 words. Use the same font throughout the text of the

paper. Options include: 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 10-point Lucida Sans

Unicode, 12-point Times New Roman, or 11-point Georgia. Distribute your text

evenly between the margins (Justify your text).

KEYWORDS: Add maximum five keywords separating them with semicolons. No

full stop in the end. All key words in italics.

ii
 DECLARATION BY SCHOLAR

It is certified that this MPhil/PhD thesis titled “Title of the Study” is an original

research. Its content was not already submitted as a whole or in parts for the requirement

of any other degree and is not currently being submitted for any other degree or

qualification. To the best of my knowledge, the thesis does not contain any material

published or written previously by another author, except where due references were

made to the source in the text of the thesis.

It is further certified that help received in developing the thesis and all resources

used for the purpose, have been duly acknowledged at the appropriate places.

___________________________
Scholar Name
Student Number
Institute of Education and Research
University of the Punjab, Lahore

iii
 DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR

It is to certify that the research work described in the MPhil/PhD thesis is an

original work of the author. It has been carried out under my direct supervision. I have

personally gone through all its data, contents and results reported in the manuscript and

certify its correctness and authenticity.

I further certify that the thesis has be compiled under my supervision and

material included in the thesis has not been used partially or fully, in any manuscript

already submitted or is in the process of submission in partial or complete fulfillment

of the award of any other degree from any other institution. I, therefore, endorse its

worth for the award of MPhil/PhD degree in accordance with the prescribed procedure

of university.

___________________________
Supervisor
Supervisor Name
Institute of Education and Research
University of the Punjab, Lahore

iv
 Approval Sheet

Certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled “Thesis Title” submitted
by “Scholar Name” Student No. “Number” have been found satisfactory for the
requirements of degree of Master of Philosophy / Doctor of Philosophy in Education.

_________________________
Internal Examiner
(Dr. Supervisor Name)

_________________________
External Examiner
(Dr. Examiner Name)

_________________________
External Examiner 2 (PhD only)
(Dr. Examiner Name)

_________________________
Director
(Prof. Dr. Rafaqat Ali Akbar)

Dated: (Date of Defence)

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

You may use this section to express or acknowledge those who have helped you

in this research and compilation of this document.

Name of Scholar

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract ........................................................................................................ ii

Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... vi

List of Tables .............................................................................................. ix

List of Figures .............................................................................................. x

List of Abbreviations .................................................................................. xi

Chapter Title Page No.

I INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1

Statement of the Problem ............................................................................. #

Significance of the Study ............................................................................. #

Objectives of the Study ................................................................................ #

Research Hypothesis/Questions ................................................................... #

Delimitation of the Study ............................................................................. #

Operational Definition of the Terms ............................................................ #

Ethical Consideration ................................................................................... #

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................................... 2

First Heading ................................................................................................ #

First Heading ................................................................................................ #

Second Heading ..................................................................................... #

Second Heading ..................................................................................... #

First Heading ................................................................................................ #

Second Heading ..................................................................................... #

Third Heading .................................................................................. #

Theoretical Framework ................................................................................ #

Summary ...................................................................................................... #
vii
III METHODS AND PROCEDURES ................................................................. 3

Research Design........................................................................................... #

Population and Sample of the Study ............................................................ #

Instrumentation ............................................................................................ #

Data Collection and Scoring Procedures ..................................................... #

Data Analysis ............................................................................................... #

IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ..................................... 4

Heading 1 ..................................................................................................... #

Heading 2 ..................................................................................................... #

Sub Heading 1 ........................................................................................ #

V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................... 5

Summary ...................................................................................................... #

Findings........................................................................................................ #

Conclusion ................................................................................................... #

Discussion .................................................................................................... #

Recommendations ........................................................................................ #

REFERENCES................................................................................................. 6

APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 7

Appendix A .................................................................................................. 7

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

3.1 Title of Table 3.1 #
3.2 Title of Table 3.2 #
3.3 Title of Table 3.3 #
4.1 Title of Table 4.1 #
4.2 Title of Table 4.2 #

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

2.1 Title of Figure No. 2.1 #
2.2 Title of Figure No. 2.2 #
2.3 Title of Figure No. 2.3 #
3.1 Title of Figure No. 3.1 #
3.2 Title of Figure No. 3.2 #

x
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

APA American Psychological Association

DOI Digital Object Identifier

MPhil Master of Philosophy

PhD Doctor of Philosophy

URL Uniform Resource Locator

xi
 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Please start writing your body text on this page.

Background of the Study

The background study for a thesis should include a review of the area being
researched, current information surrounding the issue, previous studies on the issue,
and relevant history on the issue. Ideally, the study should effectively set forth the
history and background information on your thesis problem. The purpose of a
background study is to help you to prove the relevance of your thesis question and to
further develop your thesis. The background information should indicate the root of
the problem being studied, appropriate context of the problem in relation to theory,
research, and/or practice, its scope, and the extent to which previous studies have
successfully investigated the problem, noting, in particular, where gaps exist that
your study attempts to address. Background information does not repl ace the
literature review section of a research paper; it is intended to place the research
problem in a proper context.
Statement of the Problem
Problem is stated in “researchable” terms (i.e., described so that the reader can
see the value of exploring the issue and the ability of the researcher to accomplish the
inquiry). The theme of the inquiry should suit to the nature of the problem; the scope
of the inquiry clearly delineates and is suited to the problem and to the strategy for
inquiry. The researcher needs to describe what the problem is and how this problem is
negatively affecting the situation and how this research will help solve the problem.
Objectives of the Study

Research objectives should be closely related to the statement of the problem

and summarize what you hope will be achieved by the study. The objectives should be
stated using action verbs that are specific enough to be measured, for Example:
Compare, Calculate, Assess, Determine, Verify, Measure, Describe, etc. Avoid the use
of vague non-active verbs such as: Appreciate, Understand, Believe, Study, Explain
etc., because it is difficult to evaluate whether they have been achieved.
Research Questions
 2

A research question is a question that a research thesis sets out to

answer. Choosing a research question is an essential element of
both quantitative and qualitative research. Investigation will require data collection and
analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely. Good research questions seek
to improve knowledge on an important topic and are usually narrow and specific. To
form a research question, one must determine what type of study will be conducted
such as a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method. The Research questions must be
are specific, answerable, and clearly connected with the problem. A good research
question includes four characteristics: It should be (1) feasible, (2) significant, (3) clear
to the researcher, and (4) ethical.

Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis is tentative explanation of possible outcome of the study. If the study
is to predict something or measure the relationship or effect of the independent variable
on dependent variable in the presence of mediating or moderating variables, or compare
the mean scores of groups on some variables, it is good idea to state the hypotheses of
the study. Hypothesis may be directional, non-directional, or null.
Significance of the Study
Notable argumentation in support of research pointing to gaps in the literature.
The significance of the research should be clearly established, with indications for
future studies included. The researcher needs to focus on describing why this study is
important and how this study, if conducted, will help to solve the problem, and how it
will be beneficial to the stakeholders such as teachers, students, administrators, and/or
policymakers.
Operational Definition of Key Terms
Key terms are thoroughly explained, perfectly cited, and their use is justified for
the study. All necessary definitions are provided to make the study clear for the reader
and useful to other researchers. Key theoretical elements are well explained, appropriate
to the research, and provide tools for future inquiry.
Your thesis will likely include terms that are not widely known outside of your
discipline. These terms include particular theoretical constructs, formulas, operational
definitions that differ from everyday definitions. This part of your thesis offers the
reader a list of definitions of these terms. How you define such terms could
 3

considerably affect how the reader understands your thesis. Be sure you use these terms
in a consistent fashion throughout your proposal and thesis.
 4

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

Please start writing introductory paragraph from here.

Level 2 Heading

Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 in. For consistency, use the tab key

or the automatic paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program.

Do not manually divide words at the end of a line, and do not use the

hyphenation function to break words at the ends of lines. Do not manually insert line

breaks into long DOIs or URLs; however, breaks in DOIs or URLs applied

automatically by a word processing program are permissible.

Level 3 Heading

Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading. Text begins as a new paragraph.

Level 4 Heading. Indented, Bold, Title Case Heading, Ending with a Period.

Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.

Level 5 Heading. Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading, Ending with a

Period. Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.

Theoretical Framework

Literature review should end with a theoretical framework.

Conceptual Framework

It should be concluded with a diagram / model.

Summary

It should be the summary of the literature reviewed.

 5

CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Please start writing introductory paragraph from here.

Research Design

Briefly explain your research design which must include the research

paradigm, type of research, and method.

Population and Sample of the Study

Briefly describe your population and sampling procedure. A block/circuit

diagram should clearly explain the relationship between your population and Sample.

Instrumentation

Write about the details of your instruments by mentioning their validity and

reliability.

Data Collection and Scoring Procedures

Data collection procedures should be briefly explained in this section along

with the scoring procedures.

Data Analysis

Nature of data/ Level of Measurement

 6

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Please start writing introductory paragraph from here.

Section I

Section I contains the frequencies along with the percentages of the

respondents.

Section II

This section deals with the mean and standard deviation of the respondents.

Section III

In this section hypotheses are tested or formulated; research questions are

answered.
 7

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Write introductory passage about the chapter here. Then write findings etc.

Summary

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion

Recommendations
 8

REFERENCES

(References should be written according to APA Manual 7th edition.)

Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.

De Vries, R., Nieuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery

Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and

independent profession of midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands.

Midwifery, 29(10), 1122–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell,

M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W.,

Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . .

Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the

American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. http://doi.org/fg6rf9

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use:

A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological

Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry:

Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice

of forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7–13). CRC Press.

 9

APPENDIX A

Title of Appendix