Knowledge Representation
Conceptual Dependency
Conceptual Dependency
▪ To draw inference from sentences
▪ Independent of the words used
▪ One representation for sentences that are identical in meaning
▪ Depict actions using both abstract and real physical situations
through series of diagrams
▪ Actions are built up from a set of primitive acts along with
modifiers to represent tense and mood.
Conceptual Dependency: Primitive Acts
Primitive Acts Actions Primitive Acts Actions
ATRANS Give, Take, Buy GRASP Clutch, Grip
PTRANS Go, Travel ATTEND listen, watch
PROPEL Push, Pull SPEAK Say, Sound Gen
INGEST Eat, Drink MBUILD Build New Info
EXPEL Vomit MTRANS Mental Info, Tell
MOVE Punch, Kick ---- ---
Conceptual Dependency: Modifiers 4 Tense & Mood
Modifier Description Modifier Description
P Past k Continuing
f Future ? Interrogative
t Transition Delta Timeless
ts Start Transition c Conditional
tf Finished Transition No Modifier Present
Conceptual Dependency: Diagram Syntax
Parameter 1
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 R
Primary Actor Primitive Act Object
Parameter 2
Relation Description
o Object
R: Type of relation R Recipient – Giver
I Instrument
D Destination
Conceptual Dependency: Examples
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 R Parameter 1
Primary Actor Primitive Act Object
Parameter 2
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟
▪ Example for: Primary Actor Primitive Act
𝑝
▪ Man ate Man INGEST
֞
▪ Bilal will give
▪ Ahmad started to run
Conceptual Dependency: Examples
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 R Parameter 1
▪ Example for: Primary Actor Primitive Act Object
Parameter 2
▪ Bilal took book from Ahmad
▪ Bilal is eating rice with spoon
JAZAK ALLAH
