MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY UPDATED

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PEOPLE MEDIA
ARTICULATE
People in Media and People as Media comprise a bigger term
• Expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language
known as People Media, wherein there is an assembly of
people with a common interest where they are considered as TECH SAVVY
the main means of mass communication.
• Proficient in the use of technology, especially computers.
Media can be in the form of radio, television, social media
platforms, print, web, or instructional media. To differentiate CREDIBLE
the two:
• Able to be believed, capable of being believed; plausible.
A. PEOPLE AS MEDIA - These are the people who are
FLEXIBLE
well-versed in media sources and messages, making them as
the messenger who relay reliable and accurate data and • Knows how to use a range of technology’ able to change or
information to do different things.
B. PEOPLE IN MEDIA - These people are media
practitioners who provide data and information coming from Mare, Keith, Marimbe and Mukundu (2018) gathered various
their first-hand experience of an event or their expert definitions of citizen journalism. These are:
knowledge.
• The gathering and reporting of news by people who are not
trained as professional journalists (Hermans, Vergeer 2009.)
CHARACTERISTIC OF PEOPLE MEDIA: The act in which a citizen, or group of citizens play an active role
in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating
CHARISTMATIC
news and information with the intention of providing independent,
• Appeals to the senses of different people reliable, accurate, wide-ranging and relevant information (Bowman
and Willis, 2003).
MEDIA AND INFORMATION OPPORTUNITIES 4. POLITICAL
AND CHALLENGES
• The political landscape has changed quite a bit in the last
couple of decades. The internet has played a large role in this
transformation.
OPPORTUNITY
5. NEWS AROUND THE CLOCK
- It is a set of situations that makes it possible to do something.
• One of the ways that social media has transformed politics
1. ECONOMY is the sheer speed at which news, poll results and rumors are
shared.
• Economic factors need accurate and timely information to
allocate resources efficiently, investors and other groups
increasing value and demand a governance monitoring role
from the media. CHALLENGES

2. EDUCATION - It is something new and difficult which requires great effort

and determination. It includes Illegal Content, Cybercrime,
• As we know from the recent uniquity of online digital video, Copyright, Infringement, Identity Theft.
the video has become a compelling tool for educational
representation. 1. ILLEGAL CONTENT

3. SOCIAL • It’s any type of content that could be damaging to young

people, including: real or simulated violence sexually explicit
• In today's world, media becomes as essential as our daily content illegal images of child sexual abuse content
needs. Media of today is playing an outstanding role in promoting hate based on race.
creating and shaping of public opinion and strengthening of
society. 2. CYBERCRIME

• Criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a

computer system or a computer technology.
3. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT 3. HEALTH CARE & PUBLIC HEALTH

• It is the use of works protected by copyright law without • Social media has been responsible for relevant changes in
permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the both personal and community health, especially by making it
copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, easier for large numbers of people to rapidly share
display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative information.
works.

POWER

- 'Media power' means here the concentration of symbolic

power in media institutions, particularly those of television,
radio and the press (the common-sense definition of 'the
media’).

1. BUSINESS STRATEGY

• It’s a trend that is already spreading to businesses beyond

the newsroom, whether it be because of digital marketing or
new customer service communication channels.

2. BANKS OF THE FUTURE

• Social media is transforming banking relationships in very

significant ways, from improving customer service to
allowing users to send money to others via online platforms
MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY TEXT AS VISUAL

Typeface font, font type, or type is the representation or style

TEXT INFORMATION, VISUAL AND MEDIA of a text. A typeface is usually composed of alphabets,
numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and other special
Text may be defined as a simple and flexible format of characters.
presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand-
written, printed or displayed on-screen. It is very powerful in Fonts in digital format are installed in forms such as True
disseminating information, providing direction and giving Type Font (.ttf), Open Type Font (.otf), etc. Fonts convey
suggestions. different emotions and meaning, and you must be very careful
in choosing the right font for your content.
Text is available in different sources, which may be
categorized into two:

1. Formal. Example of these are news articles,

published books, newspapers, magazines,
advertisements, research works, etc. Formal
textbased materials are created and distributed by
established institutions (such as publishing
companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a
rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are
usually governed by censorship of the state.

2. Informal. Examples of these are blogs, personal e-

mails, SMS or text messages, online messengers,
social media platforms, etc. They come from
personal opinions or views on different issues,
processes, etc.
 2. SHAPE

- A geometric area that stands out from the space next to or

around it, or because of differences in value, color, or texture.
Shape may also be organic.

3. VALUE

- The degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast

between black and white and all the tones in between. Value
can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is
the extreme changes between values.
Visual information and media are materials, programs,
applications and the like that teachers and students use to 4. TEXTURE
formulate new information to aid learning through the use,
- The way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can
analysis, evaluation and production of visual images. The
be added to attract or repel interest to a visual element.
following are types of visual media.
5. COLOR
The primary purpose of visual information is to gain
attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention, but how - Determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of
can you create a striking visual? First, you must consider the the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue). Color and
visual elements, or the basic units in the construction of a color combination can play a large role in the design.
visual image. The Design Elements are:
Color may be warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in
1. LINE our visual perception, as it influences our reactions about the
world around us. It is therefore important to create color
- This describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and
palettes that evoke the appropriate audience reactions.
can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal, or contour.
VISUAL MEDIA CLOSE-UP

- This frames the character’s face and provides

TYPES OF SHOTS emotional clues that cannot be effectively shown
with the medium shot. Other things may be shown
• Sometimes, a single picture is more than enough to tell a up close – shaking hands, tapping feet, etc.
story. However, a series of pictures can be used also, as in the
photo essay, which is a series of photos that tell a story, and EXTREME CLOSE-UP
in film, which is practically a series of frames also
- This is a tighter frame that highlights the facial
features or any subject more. It can be highly
detailed, much more intimate, emotionally
MEDIUM SHOT heightened, and even uncomfortable to view.
- The character is seen waste up. This is often used in EXTREME WIDE SHOT / EXTREME LONG SHOT
dialogue scenes, because it is wide enough to show
two or more characters but close enough to show - This reveals to the viewer the world where the
details. story takes place. Through this shot, the audience
must have a feel of the time and place of the story –
MEDIUM CLOSE-UP whether it is morning or evening, hot or cold, wet
- This shot rests between the medium shot and the or dry, and so on.
close-up, with the subject framed from shoulders FULL SHOT
up. Through this shot, more body language can
complement the facial expressions to show - Like the wide shot, the full shot also shows the
emotions. character from head to toe, but this time around, the
character is already the focus. Through this, you
can clearly see what the character looks like as a
whole or what he/she is doing.
CAMERA ANGLES AND POINTS OF VIEW LOW ANGLE

Establishing the angles of your shots will also help in - A low angle shot is taken from below the subject’s
providing the desirable meaning on visuals. Here is a list of eye line, pointing upwards. This camera angle
shots based on angles and points of view (Ricart, 2018). makes a subject look powerful and imposing.

WORM’S-EYE VIEW

BIRD’S-EYE VIEW - The worm’s-eye view camera angle looks at an

object or subject from below. It is commonly used
- Bird’s-eye view is the name given to the type of to capture tall elements in the scene, such as trees
shot taken from an elevated point. As its own name or skyscrapers, and put them in perspective. This
indicates, it offers a perspective similar to that type of camera shot is mostly taken from a
which birds see while flying. subject’s point of view.
HIGH ANGLE OVER THE SHOULDER SHOT
- A high angle shot is taken pointing the camera - Also called OTS or third person shot, this is created
down on the subject. As a result, the subject is seen by placing the camera at the back of one character
as vulnerable and powerless. while facing the other character. This is used to
EYE LEVEL/MEDIUM SHOT highlight the relationship of characters in a
dialogue.
- The eye level shot is considered the most natural
camera angle. Capturing the shot at eye-level offers DUTCH ANGLE
a neutral perception of the subject. Because it is the - Also called Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique
way in which we usually see people, this camera angle, this shot is noticeably tilted or tipped. This is
angle can help the audience connect with the used to signal to the viewer that something is
subject. wrong, disorienting, or unsettling (Lannom, 2020)
MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY 2. SOUND EFFECTS. makes specific points, provides hint
to the setting in the absence of visuals (e.g., squeaky doors,
explosions, rustling leaves, etc.)
AUDIO INFORMATION AND VISUAL MEDIA
A. HARD SOUND

AUDIO MEDIA Those that appear on screen and are synchronized to the
picture, recorded directly as what they are.
• Sound is an essential component of media. Your choice of
sound and means of sound production can make or break the B. FOLEY SOUNDS
information you wish to convey. The sounds that are used in
multimedia presentations come in different types Equally synchronized on screen but are not the original sound
as what they appear to be. That means that they are recorded
and mixed to appear as another sound on screen.

TYPES OF AUDIO MEDIA C. BACKGROUND SOUND

1. MUSIC. often elicits emotions and arousal from listeners All sounds that indicate ambience settings. They do not need
Calvert (2014). It is effective in mood setting and stimulates to be synchronized to the picture. Ambience sounds are
listeners in performing various personal tasks such as usually recorded in real life application in nature and then
studying and meditating, as well as social functions like for mixed.
courtship rituals, for the creation and maintenance of
friendships, as a topic of conversation, and as a way to
encourage dancing (Roberts & Christenson, 2001 on Calvert 3. NARRATION is spoken message that often gives the most
2014). direct information. This is the most essential content in some
media formats, such as audiobooks.
AUDIO FILE FORMATS BASIC CAMERA MOVEMENT

1. M4A is an mpeg-4 audio file or audio-compressed file used The camera is the basic equipment to record movement.
because of increased quality demand as a result of cloud Other devices, like the tripod, sliders, gimbal, dolly, and
storage and bigger hard drive space in contemporary drone contribute to the quality of the captured video. They
computers. It is preferred due to its high quality. can be improvised, though.

2. FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio file 1. DOLLY. The name comes from the tracks be laid down
compressed into a smaller size of the original file. It is not for the heavy camera to move along. The phrase dolly-in
frequently used compared to other sound file formats because means step towards the subject with the camera, while dolly-
it often needs special downloads to function. out means to step backwards with the camera, keeping the
zoom the same.
3. MP3 is an MPEG audio layer 3 file format preferred
because its compression saves valuable space while 2. PEDESTAL. Moving the camera up or down without
maintaining near-flawless quality of the original source of changing its vertical or horizontal axis. A camera operator can
sound. MP3’s high quality and small size is very popular for do two types of pedestals: pedestal up means “move the
all mobile audio-playing devices. camera up;” pedestal down means “move the camera down.”

4. MP4 is an audio file type is a comprehensive media 3. TRUCK. It is any shot that physically moves the camera
extension, capable of holding audio, video and other media. through the scene for an extended amount of time. Tracking
The MP4 contains data in the file, rather than code. camera movement often follows a traveling subject, though
they can be used to simply show off the scene.

4. PAN. Moving the camera lens to one side or another, as if

MOTION MEDIA you are looking from left to right or vice versa. Panning can
Movement is another dimension that affects media and help you establish the location of a scene or let you follow a
information. Every single movement that is incorporated in a moving character. Panning can also help you reveal things
video production contributes to the storytelling process or to that were previously off-screen.
elicit the desired emotions from the viewers.
5. TILT. Moving the cameras lens up or down while keeping
its horizontal axis constant, as if you are nodding. Tilting the
camera can also help you reveal an object or person that was
not on screen before and add an element of surprise to the
scene you’re setting. (NFI, 2020)

6. ROLL. Moving the camera onto its side is a roll, the way
a dog does when he doesn't understand. This is a very rare
movement, and one you should only use for very specific
purposes.

7. ZOOM. This technique allows you to move closer (zoom

in) or farther an object (zoom out) without physically moving
the camera (Leu, 2020). Instead, the camera’s lens does the
job. This might lessen the image’s quality, that is why the
dolly becomes a better option.
MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY
ROLE-PLAYING GAMES (RPG)
MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION AND MEDIA - a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a
fictional setting. Players take responsibility for acting out
Interactive Media is a method of communication in which
these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or
the program's outputs depend on the user's inputs, and the
through a process of structured decision-making or character
user's inputs in turn affect the program's outputs. Interactive
development
media engage the user and interact with him or her in a way
that non-interactive media do not.
VIDEO GAMES (MULTI-PLAYER)
INTERACTIVITY refers to the communication process that - a game played by electronically manipulating images
takes place between humans and computer software. The produced by a computer program on a television screen or
most constant form of interactivity is typically found in other display screen. Multiplayer games allow two or more
games, which need a continuous form of interactivity with the players to play with one another or play together.
gamer.

VIRTUAL REALITY AND IMMERSIVE

ENVIRONMENTS
INTERACTIVE MEDIA PLATFORM
- the computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional
3D TV
image or environment that can be interacted with in a
- a television display technology that enables a three seemingly real or physical way by a person using special
dimensional effect, so that viewers perceive that an image has electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or
depth as well as height and width, similar to objects in the real gloves fitted with sensors.
world
SOCIAL MEDIA TYPES OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

- websites or online services where users (actual people) are

the creators and consumers of the content, and where social
interactions (commenting, liking, posting, talking) are the TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
main features of content. Examples are Facebook, Twitter, — Traditional Manipulative Media is actually being used in
Instagram, Snapchat, etc. certain schools, wherein they use different materials that the
students can use to have a hands-on experience regarding the
lesson.
WAYS OF INTERACTING WITH THE INTERNET

VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA

— With the dawn of the digital age, education should keep up

with the interests of the 21st century learners. And in order to
do so, education have been merged with technology in such a
way that students can learn more with the aid of these devices.