Rate of Reaction
Task 1
Some reactions are very fast indeed and other reactions are rather slow.
In group discuss -
1. What reactions can you think of that are particularly slow?why?
2. What reactions can you think of that are particularly fast?
3. Think about reactions in the body, for instance, and occurrences such as browning of sliced fruit
open to the air.What is the most obvious thing that speeds up, or slows down reactions?
How we increase or decrease rate of reaction?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3w4Lpupvqv8
Factors affecting rate of reaction
1. Surface area of any solid reactant
(antacid and vinegar/ burning milk powder or wheat flour)
2. Concentration of reactant solution
(Sodium thiosulphate and dilute HCl)
3. Use of Catalyst
(yeast and hydrogen peroxide)
4. Temperature at which reaction is carried out
(Sodium thiosulphate and dilute HCl)
Effect of Surface area of solid reactant
Solid has a much larger surface area when it is powdered.
Effectively we have increased the concentration of solid.
For reactions involving 2 solids,grinding the reactants means,
they can be better mixed. MIxed powder are in greater contact
with each other and more likely to react.
Pressure of reacting gases
Increasing the pressure has similar effect to increasing the concentration in liquid.
Increasing the pressure pushes the gas particles closer together so that they collide and
react more readily.
Effect of temperature
Presence of Catalyst- Hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly at room temperature.However
addition of powdered Manganese(IV) oxide makes the reaction much faster.
● If the amount of catalyst is doubled,
rate of reaction?
● If the powder is more finely, rate of
reaction?
Catalyst is a substance that increases the
rate of chemical reaction. It remains
chemically unchanged at the end of the
reaction. It can be reused.
Living cells also produce catalysts. They
are protein molecules , called enzymes.
Each enzyme works for a particular
reaction or reaction type
Effect of Surface area
Effect of Concentration
Effect of pressure
Activation Energy
Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
Action of a catalyst
Catalytic Converter
Car exhaust fumes contain pollutant gases as CO, oxides of Nitrogen and unburnt hydrocarbons. The
catalytic converter converts these gases to less harmful products such as CO2, nitrogen and water.
● Reduction of nitrogen oxides into elemental nitrogen and oxygen: NOx→Nx+Ox.
● Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: CO+O2→CO2.
● Oxidation of hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water: CxH4x+2xO2→xCO2+2xH2O.
It speeds up these reactions by providing a honeycombed surface on which the gases can react. Converters
contains a thin coating of rhodium and platinum on the solid honeycomb surface. These catalysts have many tiny
pores that provide a large surface area for the reactions.
Gas Collection Method
Variety of ways, depending on their density and solubility in water.
Downward delivery-to collect gases that are denser than air,e.g. CO2
Upward delivery -For gases that are less dense than air e.g. H2
Collection over water- Gases that are not very soluble in water, e.g.H2
Collection in a gas syringe- volume of gas needs to be measured,e.g.CO2
