Topic 2 Part 3 [438 marks]

The graphs of
y = |x + 1| and
y = |x − 3| are shown below.

Let f (x) =
| x + 1 | − | x − 3 |.

1a. Draw the graph of y = f (x) on the blank grid below. [4 marks]

1b. Hence state the value of [4 marks]

(i)
f ′ (−3);
(ii)
f ′ (2.7);
(iii)
−2
∫−3 f(x)dx.
2. Given that the graph of [5 marks]
y = x3 − 6x2 + kx − 4 has exactly one point at which the gradient is zero, find the value of k .

3. Let [5 marks]
f(x) = ln x . The graph of f is transformed into the graph of the function g by a translation of
3
( ), followed by a reflection in the x-axis. Find an expression for
−2
g(x), giving your answer as a single logarithm.

The function
f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x is defined for
0 < x < 2π .

4a. Write down the coordinates of the minimum point on the graph of f . [1 mark]

4b.
The points [2 marks]
P(p, 3) and
Q(q, 3), q > p, lie on the graph of
y = f(x) .
Find p and q .

4c. Find the coordinates of the point, on [4 marks]

y = f(x) , where the gradient of the graph is 3.

4d.
Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the normals to the graph at the points P and Q. [7 marks]

5. The same remainder is found when [6 marks]

2x3 + kx2 + 6x + 32 and
x4 − 6x2 − k2 x + 9 are divided by
x + 1 . Find the possible values of k .
 The graph of
y = f(x) is shown below, where A is a local maximum point and D is a local minimum point.

6a.
On the axes below, sketch the graph of [3 marks]
1
y = f(x) , clearly showing the coordinates of the images of the points A, B and D, labelling them
A′,
B′, and
D′ respectively, and the equations of any vertical asymptotes.
6b.
On the axes below, sketch the graph of the derivative [3 marks]
y = f ′ (x) , clearly showing the coordinates of the images of the points A and D, labelling them
A′′ and
D′′ respectively.

The function f is defined on the domain

[0, 3π2 ] by
f(x) = e−x cos x .

7a. State the two zeros of f . [1 mark]

7b.
Sketch the graph of f . [1 mark]

7c.
The region bounded by the graph, the x-axis and the y-axis is denoted by A and the region bounded by the graph and the x-axis [7 marks]
is denoted by B . Show that the ratio of the area of A to the area of B is

eπ ( e 2 + 1)
π

.
eπ + 1

Consider the following functions:

2x2 + 3
f(x) = , x⩾0
75
|3x − 4|
g(x) = , x∈R.
10

8a.
State the range of f and of g . [2 marks]

8b.
Find an expression for the composite function [4 marks]
f ∘ g(x) in the form
ax2 +bx+c
3750
,
where
a, b and c ∈ Z .

8c.
(i) Find an expression for the inverse function [4 marks]
f −1 (x) .
(ii) State the domain and range of
f −1 .
8d.
The domains of f and g are now restricted to {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} . [6 marks]
By considering the values of f and g on this new domain, determine which of f and g could be used to find a probability
distribution for a discrete random variable X , stating your reasons clearly.

8e.
Using this probability distribution, calculate the mean of X . [2 marks]

9a. Given that [2 marks]

(x + iy)2 = −5 + 12i, x, y ∈ R . Show that
(i)
x2 − y2 = −5 ;
(ii)
xy = 6 .

9b.
Hence find the two square roots of [5 marks]
−5 + 12i .

9c.
For any complex number z , show that [3 marks]
(z ∗ )2 = (z 2 )∗ .

9d.
Hence write down the two square roots of [2 marks]
−5 − 12i .

The graph of a polynomial function f of degree 4 is shown below.

9e.
Explain why, of the four roots of the equation [2 marks]
f(x) = 0 , two are real and two are complex.

9f.
The curve passes through the point [5 marks]
(−1, −18) . Find
f(x) in the form
f(x) = (x − a)(x − b)(x2 + cx + d), where a, b, c, d ∈ Z .

9g. Find the two complex roots of the equation [2 marks]

f(x) = 0 in Cartesian form.

9h.
Draw the four roots on the complex plane (the Argand diagram). [2 marks]
9i.
Express each of the four roots of the equation in the form [6 marks]
reiθ .

Let
f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c , where a , b ,
c ∈ Z . The diagram shows the graph of y = f(x) .

10a.
Using the information shown in the diagram, find the values of a , b and c . [4 marks]

10b.
If g(x) = 3f(x − 2) , [3 marks]
(i) state the coordinates of the points where the graph of g intercepts the x-axis.
(ii) Find the y-intercept of the graph of g .

Consider a function f , defined by

x
f(x) = 2−x for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 .

11a.
Find an expression for [3 marks]
(f ∘ f)(x) .

11b.
Let [8 marks]
x
Fn (x) = , where
2 −(2n −1)x
n

0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.
Use mathematical induction to show that for any
n ∈ Z+


(f ∘ f∘...∘f) (x) = Fn (x)
n times

11c.
Show that [6 marks]
F−n (x) is an expression for the inverse of
Fn .
11d.
(i) State [6 marks]
Fn (0) and Fn (1) .
(ii) Show that
Fn (x) < x , given 0 < x < 1,
n ∈ Z+ .
(iii) For
n ∈ Z+ , let
An be the area of the region enclosed by the graph of
Fn−1 , the x-axis and the line x = 1. Find the area
Bn of the region enclosed by
Fn and
Fn−1 in terms of
An .

12.
Show that the quadratic equation [4 marks]
x2 − (5 − k)x − (k + 2) = 0 has two distinct real roots for all real values of k .

Let c be a positive, real constant. Let G be the set

{x ∈ R| − c < x < c} . The binary operation

∗ is defined on the set G by

x+y
x∗y = xy .
1+
c2

[2 marks]
13a.
Simplify

c 3c
2
∗ 4
.

[1 mark]
13b. State the identity element for G under
∗.

[1 mark]
13c. For

x ∈ G find an expression for

x−1 (the inverse of x under

∗).

[2 marks]
13d. Show that the binary operation

∗ is commutative on G .

[4 marks]
13e.
Show that the binary operation

∗ is associative on G .
 [2 marks]
13f.
(i) If

x, y ∈ G explain why

(c − x)(c − y) > 0 .

(ii) Hence show that

xy
x+y < c+ c
.

[2 marks]
13g.
Show that G is closed under

∗.

[2 marks]
13h.
Explain why

{G,∗} is an Abelian group.

A particle, A, is moving along a straight line. The velocity,

vA ms−1 , of A t seconds after its motion begins is given by

vA = t3 − 5t2 + 6t.

[3 marks]
14a. Sketch the graph of

vA = t3 − 5t2 + 6t for
t ⩾ 0, with
vA on the vertical axis and t on the horizontal. Show on your sketch the local maximum and minimum points, and the intercepts with the t-
axis.

[2 marks]
14b. Write down the times for which the velocity of the particle is increasing.

[3 marks]
14c. Write down the times for which the magnitude of the velocity of the particle is increasing.

[3 marks]
14d. At t = 0 the particle is at point O on the line.

Find an expression for the particle’s displacement,

xA m, from O at time t.
 [4 marks]
14e. A second particle, B, moving along the same line, has position

xB m, velocity
vB ms−1 and acceleration,
aB ms−2 , where
aB = −2vB for
t ⩾ 0. At
t = 0, xB = 20 and
vB = −20.
Find an expression for
vB in terms of t.

[6 marks]
14f. Find the value of t when the two particles meet.

The function f has inverse

f −1 and derivative
f ′ (x) for all
x ∈ R . For all functions with these properties you are given the result that for
a ∈ R with
b = f(a) and
f ′ (a) ≠ 0

1
(f −1 )′ (b) = .
f ′ (a)

[6 marks]
15a. Verify that this is true for

f(x) = x3 + 1 at x = 2.

[3 marks]
15b. Given that
2
g(x) = xex , show that
g′ (x) > 0 for all values of x.

[4 marks]
15c. Using the result given at the start of the question, find the value of the gradient function of

y = g−1 (x) at x = 2.

[6 marks]
15d. (i) With f and g as defined in parts (a) and (b), solve
g ∘ f(x) = 2.
(ii) Let

h(x) = (g ∘ f)−1 (x). Find

h′ (2).
 [4 marks]
16a.
Find

∫ xsec2 xdx.

[2 marks]
16b. Determine the value of m if

∫0m xsec2 xdx = 0.5, where m > 0.

The arithmetic sequence

{un : n ∈ Z+ } has first term

u1 = 1.6 and common difference d = 1.5. The geometric sequence

{vn : n ∈ Z+ } has first term
v1 = 3 and common ratio r = 1.2.

[2 marks]
17a.
Find an expression for

un − vn in terms of n.

[3 marks]
17b. Determine the set of values of n for which

un > vn .

[1 mark]
17c. Determine the greatest value of

un − vn . Give your answer correct to four significant figures.

[4 marks]
18a. (i) Express the sum of the first n positive odd integers using sigma notation.
(ii) Show that the sum stated above is
n2 .
(iii) Deduce the value of the difference between the sum of the first 47 positive odd integers and the sum of the first 14 positive odd
integers.

[7 marks]
18b.
A number of distinct points are marked on the circumference of a circle, forming a polygon. Diagonals are drawn by joining

all pairs of non-adjacent points.

(i) Show on a diagram all diagonals if there are 5 points.

(ii) Show that the number of diagonals is

n(n−3)
2
if there are n points, where

n > 2.

(iii) Given that there are more than one million diagonals, determine the least number of points for which this is possible.
 [8 marks]
18c. The random variable

X ∼ B(n, p) has mean 4 and variance 3.

(i) Determine n and p.

(ii) Find the probability that in a single experiment the outcome is 1 or 3.

A straight street of width 20 metres is bounded on its parallel sides by two vertical walls, one of height 13 metres, the other of height
8 metres. The intensity of light at point P at ground level on the street is proportional to the angle
θ where
^ B, as shown in the diagram.
θ = AP

[2 marks]
19a. Find an expression for

θ in terms of x, where x is the distance of P from the base of the wall of height 8 m.

[2 marks]
19b. (i) Calculate the value of
θ when x = 0.
(ii) Calculate the value of
θ when x = 20.

[2 marks]
19c.
Sketch the graph of

θ, for

0 ⩽ x ⩽ 20.

[6 marks]
19d. Show that

dθ 5(744−64x− x2 )
dx
= .
(x2 +64)(x2 −40x+569)

[3 marks]
19e. Using the result in part (d), or otherwise, determine the value of x corresponding to the maximum light intensity at P. Give

your answer to four significant figures.

19f. The point P moves across the street with speed [4 marks]

0.5 ms−1 . Determine the rate of change of

θ with respect to time when P is at the midpoint of the street.

20.
The graph below shows [6 marks]
y = f(x) , where
f(x) = x + ln x .

(a) On the graph below, sketch the curve

y = f −1 (x) .

(b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graph of

y = f(x) and the graph of
y = f −1 (x) .

21. Given that [5 marks]

Ax3 + Bx2 + x + 6 is exactly divisible by
(x + 1)(x − 2), find the value of A and the value of B .

[8 marks]
22.
The functions f and g are defined as:
2
f(x) = ex , x ⩾ 0

1
g(x) = , x ≠ −3.
x+3

(a) Find

h(x) where h(x) = g ∘ f(x) .

(b) State the domain of

h−1 (x) .

(c) Find

h−1 (x) .
 [6 marks]
23. (a) Sketch the curve
f(x) = |1 + 3 sin(2x)|, for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ π . Write down on the graph the values of the x and y intercepts.

(b) By adding one suitable line to your sketch, find the number of solutions to the equation
πf(x) = 4(π − x) .

[6 marks]
24.
The polynomial

P(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 2 is divisible by (x +1) and by (x − 2) .

Find the value of a and of b, where

a, b ∈ R .

[6 marks]
25. Let

4
f(x) = x+2
, x ≠ −2 and g(x) = x − 1.

If

h = g ∘ f , find

(a) h(x) ;

(b)

h−1 (x) , where

h−1 is the inverse of h.

 [5 marks]
26. The graph of

y = f(x) for − 2 ⩽ x ⩽ 8 is shown.

On the set of axes provided, sketch the graph of

1
y= , clearly showing any asymptotes and indicating the coordinates of any local maxima or minima.
f(x)

[6 marks]
27. Find the set of values of x for which

∣0.1x2 − 2x + 3∣ < log10 x .

[6 marks]
28. When

f(x) = x4 + 3x3 + px2 − 2x + q is divided by (x − 2) the remainder is 15, and (x + 3) is a factor of f(x) .

Find the values of p and q .

29. Write [5 marks]

ln(x2 − 1) − 2 ln(x + 1) + ln(x2 + x) as a single logarithm, in its simplest form.

 [7 marks]
30. (a) Sketch the curve
y = |ln x| − |cos x| − 0.1 ,
0 < x < 4 showing clearly the coordinates of the points of intersection with the x-axis and the coordinates of any local maxima and
minima.
(b) Find the values of x for which
|ln x| > |cos x| + 0.1,
0<x<4.

[5 marks]
31. Let

g(x) = log5 |2log3 x| . Find the product of the zeros of g .

32. The diagram below shows a solid with volume V , obtained from a cube with edge [8 marks]

a > 1 when a smaller cube with edge

1
a
is removed.

Let

x = a − a1

(a) Find V in terms of x .

(b) Hence or otherwise, show that the only value of a for which V = 4x is
1+ √5
a= 2
.

[5 marks]
33. When the function

q(x) = x3 + kx2 − 7x + 3 is divided by (x + 1) the remainder is seven times the remainder that is found when the function is divided by (x

+ 2) .

Find the value of k .

 [16 marks]
34. A function is defined as

f(x) = k√−
x , with

k > 0 and

x⩾0.

(a) Sketch the graph of

y = f(x) .

(b) Show that f is a one-to-one function.

(c) Find the inverse function,

f −1 (x) and state its domain.

(d) If the graphs of

y = f(x) and

y = f −1 (x) intersect at the point (4, 4) find the value of k .

(e) Consider the graphs of

y = f(x) and

y = f −1 (x) using the value of k found in part (d).

(i) Find the area enclosed by the two graphs.

(ii) The line x = c cuts the graphs of

y = f(x) and

y = f −1 (x) at the points P and Q respectively. Given that the tangent to

y = f(x) at point P is parallel to the tangent to

y = f −1 (x) at point Q find the value of c .

[5 marks]
35. When

3x5 − ax + b is divided by x −1 and x +1 the remainders are equal. Given that a ,

b ∈ R , find

(a) the value of a ;

(b) the set of values of b .

[6 marks]
36.
Consider the function f , where

f(x) = arcsin(ln x).

(a) Find the domain of f .

(b) Find

f −1 (x).
 [4 marks]
37. Shown below are the graphs of

y = f(x) and

y = g(x).

If

(f ∘ g)(x) = 3, find all possible values of x.

 [8 marks]
38.
The graph of

a+x
y= b+cx
is drawn below.

(a) Find the value of a, the value of b and the value of c.

(b) Using the values of a, b and c found in part (a), sketch the graph of
y= ∣∣ b+cx ∣∣ on the axes below, showing clearly all intercepts and asymptotes.
a+x
 [6 marks]
39. Let
4−x2
f(x) = 4− √x
.

(a) State the largest possible domain for f.

(b) Solve the inequality
f(x) ⩾ 1.

[6 marks]
40. (a) Express the quadratic
3x2 − 6x + 5 in the form
a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b, c
∈ Z.
(b) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of
y= x2 to the graph of
y= 3x2 − 6x + 5.

[6 marks]
41. A function f is defined by

2x−3
f(x) = x−1
, x ≠ 1.

(a) Find an expression for

f −1 (x).

(b) Solve the equation

∣f −1 (x)∣ = 1 + f −1 (x).

[6 marks]
42.
(a) Find the solution of the equation

ln 24x−1 = ln 8x+5 + log2 161−2x ,

expressing your answer in terms of

ln 2.

(b) Using this value of x, find the value of a for which

loga x = 2, giving your answer to three decimal places.

[6 marks]
43. (a) Simplify the difference of binomial coefficients

2n
( ) − ( ) , where n ⩾ 3.
n
3 2

(b) Hence, solve the inequality

2n
( ) − ( ) > 32n, where n ⩾ 3.
n
3 2
 [14 marks]
44.
The function f is defined by
1
f(x) = (x3 + 6x2 + 3x − 10) 2 , for x ∈ D,

where

D ⊆ R is the greatest possible domain of f.

(a) Find the roots of

f(x) = 0.

(b) Hence specify the set D.

(c) Find the coordinates of the local maximum on the graph

y = f(x).

(d) Solve the equation

f(x) = 3.

(e) Sketch the graph of

|y| = f(x), for x ∈ D.

(f) Find the area of the region completely enclosed by the graph of

|y| = f(x)

[5 marks]
45. The diagram shows the graphs of a linear function f and a quadratic function g.

On the same axes sketch the graph of

f
g
. Indicate clearly where the x-intercept and the asymptotes occur.

46.
Find the values of [5 marks]
k such that the equation
x3 + x2 − x + 2 = k has three distinct real solutions.
 Consider the function
g , where
3x
g(x) = 5+x 2
.

47.
(a) Given that the domain of [8 marks]
g is
x ⩾ a , find the least value of
a such that
g has an inverse function.
(b) On the same set of axes, sketch
(i) the graph of
g for this value of
a;
(ii) the corresponding inverse,
g−1 .
(c) Find an expression for
g−1 (x) .

48.
Let [7 marks]
f(x) = 1−x
1+x
and
−−−−−
g(x) = √x + 1 ,
x > −1.
Find the set of values of
x for which
f ′ (x) ⩽ f(x) ⩽ g(x) .

49a.
The graph of [2 marks]
y = ln(x) is transformed into the graph of
y = ln(2x + 1) .
Describe two transformations that are required to do this.

49b.
Solve [4 marks]
ln(2x + 1) > 3 cos(x),
x ∈ [0,10].

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