Cairo University

Faculty of Engineering
Aerospace Department
Fourth Year

MAITAINANCE
Assignment 2.1

Submitted to

Dr. Yasser Omar

1. Ahmed Samir Salah 1A- 1

2. Islam Fahmy Ibrahim 1A- 9
3. Bahaa Ibrahim Ibrahim 1A- 12
4. Habiba Abbas Ahmed 1A- 16
5. Abdelhaleem Hamada Omara 1A- 20
6. Abdelrahman Ahmed Hassan 1A- 22
7. Amr Elsayed ElAzzazy 1A- 29
8. Mohamed Shaban ElQawy 1B- 46
9. Mahmoud Gamal Elkholy 1B-55
10. Yasmeen Fathy Kasem 1B-69
15– April - 2021
Contents
1. Differences between preventive maintenance & corrective maintenance and example for
each: ........................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Preventive Maintenance: ....................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Corrective Maintenance:........................................................................................................ 3
2. Definition of the maintenance and its different types........................................................ 3
3. Maintenance........................................................................................................................ 3
3.1 Types of Maintenance ........................................................................................................... 3
3.1.1 Preventive maintenance ................................................................................................. 3
3.1.2 Corrective maintenance .................................................................................................. 3
3.1.3 Predictive maintenance .................................................................................................. 3
4. Authority that issues the technical publications of aircraft maintenance and example of
technical publication for each one of them. ............................................................................... 3
4.1 MFR [Manufacturer]: (Boeing/Airbus/Lockheed Martin) .................................................... 3
4.2 GOV [Government]: (FAA/ECAA) ...................................................................................... 4
4.3 AMO [Approved Maintenance Organization]: (EgyptAir/PAS) ........................................... 4
5. What publication would contain time or cycle limitations for components or parts of a
turbine engine which installed on a specific aircraft ................................................................. 4
6. When will an engine AD (Airworthiness directive) be “complied with” after it becomes
Effective ..................................................................................................................................... 4
7. What is the difference between Scheduled inspection and special inspection? ................. 4
7.1 Scheduled inspection: ............................................................................................................ 4
7.2 Special inspection: ................................................................................................................. 4
8. the TSN and TSO and TSI in component life limit ............................................................ 5
The six main reasons to replace a part from Aircraft or Engine ................................................ 5
9. The ATA 100 system .......................................................................................................... 5
10. In which MFR ATA chapter can find the instruction of Engine mounts Removal and
installation? ................................................................................................................................ 5
11. The ATA Chapters for Engine Oil System and Engine Ignition System ....................... 5
12. The main damage types with respect to .......................................................................... 5
12.1 Damage causes ...................................................................................................................... 5
12.2 Corrective action Decision .................................................................................................... 5
13. Definition of Corrosion and Erosion............................................................................... 6
13.1 Corrosion: [Chemical] ........................................................................................................... 6
13.2 Erosion: [Mechanical] ........................................................................................................... 6
14. The difference between Crack and Tear ......................................................................... 6
14.1 Crack: .................................................................................................................................... 6
14.2 Tear:....................................................................................................................................... 6
15. The difference between Dent and Nick .......................................................................... 6
15.1 Dent: ...................................................................................................................................... 6
15.2 Nick: ...................................................................................................................................... 6
16. The difference between Scratches and Scoring? ............................................................ 6
16.1 Scratches: ............................................................................................................................... 6
16.2 Scoring:.................................................................................................................................. 7
17. What are FOD and DOD and how to distinguish between them? .................................. 7
17.1 FOD ....................................................................................................................................... 7
17.2 DOD ...................................................................................................................................... 7
18. The station lines and water lines and in which ATA chapter can find both? ................. 7
18.1 -Station Lines: ....................................................................................................................... 7

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 18.2 Water Lines: .......................................................................................................................... 7
19. The different component life units, example for each unit and in which ATA chapter
for a certain A/C type component can find component life limits? ........................................... 7
20. The difference between Inspection phase types .............................................................. 8
20.1 Scheduled inspection ............................................................................................................. 8
20.2 Special Inspection .................................................................................................................. 8
20.3 Conditional Inspection........................................................................................................... 8
21. The main information can get from ATA 70 Engines Standard Practices ..................... 8
22. What could be exist in hanger facility and ground equipment for Aircraft and Engine
Maintenance? ............................................................................................................................. 8
23. What is the most consumable material be used in aviation maintenance? ..................... 8
24. Define Maintenance Types and Mention the different Maintenance activities .............. 9
24.1 Maintenance Types:............................................................................................................... 9
24.1.1 Preventive maintenance ................................................................................................. 9
24.1.2 Corrective maintenance .................................................................................................. 9
24.1.3 Predictive maintenance .................................................................................................. 9
24.2 Maintenance Activities: ......................................................................................................... 9
25. The difference between Part Number and Serial Number and where to find Engine
mount Part Number (MFR-Manual type –ATA) ....................................................................... 9
26. The possible component life measure for the following items: ...................................... 9
26.1 Landing Gear ......................................................................................................................... 9
26.2 Engine Fuel nozzles ............................................................................................................. 10
26.3 Engine Preservation ............................................................................................................. 10
27. In Which ATA Chapters and MFR Manual can find the following items.................... 10
27.1 Engine Fuel Pump removal ................................................................................................. 10
27.2 Engine Mounts installation .................................................................................................. 10
27.3 Engine Oil Filter Part Number............................................................................................. 10
27.4 Igniter Plug Change ............................................................................................................. 10
27.5 Engine Fuel Control Rigging ............................................................................................... 10

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1. Differences between preventive maintenance & corrective maintenance
and example for each:

1.1 Preventive Maintenance:

It is "a routine for periodically inspecting" with the goal of "noticing small problems and fixing them
before major ones develop. (Scheduled inspection).

1.2 Corrective Maintenance:

is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often most
expensive (Replacement – Repair).

2. Definition of the maintenance and its different types

3. Maintenance
It is any activity intended to retain or restore a functional unit in or to a specified state in which the unit
can perform its required functions.

3.1 Types of Maintenance

3.1.1 Preventive maintenance
It is "a routine for periodically inspecting" with the goal of "noticing small problems and fixing them
before major ones develop. (Scheduled inspection)

3.1.2 Corrective maintenance

It is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often
most expensive (Replacement – Repair)

3.1.3 Predictive maintenance

It is designed to determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance
should be performed and prevent unexpected equipment failures. (Engine Oil Analysis – Turbine
Borescope inspection)

4. Authority that issues the technical publications of aircraft maintenance

and example of technical publication for each one of them.

4.1 MFR [Manufacturer]: (Boeing/Airbus/Lockheed Martin)

1. MM: Maintenance Manual
2. IPC: Illustrated Parts Catalogue
3. CR&O: Component Repair and Overhaul
4. SRM: Structure and Repair Manual
5. TB: Technical Bulletin
6. ASB: Alert Service Bulletin
7. MEL: Minimum Equipment List

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4.2 GOV [Government]: (FAA/ECAA)
1. Airworthiness Directives (AD’s)
2. Regulations
3. Documents on Board
4. Blue Book.

4.3 AMO [Approved Maintenance Organization]: (EgyptAir/PAS)

1. EO: Engineering Order
2. WS: Worksheet
3. SIL: Service Information Letter
4. ATLB: Aircraft Technical Log Book
5. C. Run: Computer Run

5. What publication would contain time or cycle limitations for components

or parts of a turbine engine which installed on a specific aircraft
Engine Maintenance Manual - ATA Chapter 4

6. When will an engine AD (Airworthiness directive) be “complied with”

after it becomes Effective
a) As specified in the AD.

7. What is the difference between Scheduled inspection and special

inspection?

7.1 Scheduled inspection:

It’s made due to a constant schedule (Time table), Ex:
1. PD Check
2. AD Check
3. Weekly
4. 100HR
5. 300HR
6. Major
7. Comp. Item

7.2 Special inspection:

It’s done after certain maintenance operation

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8. the TSN and TSO and TSI in component life limit
1. TSN: Time since New.
2. TSO: Time since Overhaul.
3. TSI: Time since Inspection.

The six main reasons to replace a part from Aircraft or Engine

1. Inspection time due
2. Overhaul time due
3. Retirement time due
4. On Condition - Malfunction
5. Staggering for Maintenance Planning
6. Modification or upgrade IAW

9. The ATA 100 system

a. Each area in A/C is assigned to a specific chapter
b. Information is broken down to chapter/section/subject
c. All the above

10. In which MFR ATA chapter can find the instruction of Engine mounts
Removal and installation?
Aircraft Maintenance Manual - ATA Chapter 71

11. The ATA Chapters for Engine Oil System and Engine Ignition System
ATA Chapters for:
1. Engine Oil System: ATA 79
2. Engine Ignition System: ATA 74

12. The main damage types with respect to

12.1 Damage causes

1. FOD [Foreign Object Debris].
2. DOD [Domestic Object Debris].

12.2 Corrective action Decision

1. Negligible Damage: can be as it is, or with a little procedure.
2. Repairable Damage: used for interval or replaced as the situation is.

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 3. Crash Damage: from a crash and almost changed not repaired

13.Definition of Corrosion and Erosion.

13.1 Corrosion: [Chemical]

a surface chemical action resulting in surface discoloration, a layer of oxide, or in advanced stages,
the removal of surface metal.

13.2 Erosion: [Mechanical]

is a wear process, in which surface damage is caused by the repeated application of high localized
stresses? Erosion by solid particle impact is a problem of great practical significance which can result
in component failures.

14. The difference between Crack and Tear

14.1 Crack:
A fissure or break in material. a crack may not go the way through the parent material.

14.2 Tear:
A sharp linear rupture in sheet material, typically with the sheet bent away from its original shape.

15. The difference between Dent and Nick

15.1 Dent:
It is a smooth, round-button depression

15.2 Nick:
It is a sharp bottomed depression with rough outer edges

16. The difference between Scratches and Scoring?

16.1 Scratches:
Narrow, shallow marks or lines resulting from movement of a metallic particle across the surface.

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16.2 Scoring:
A form of wear characterized by a scratched, scuttled, or dragged appearance with markings in the
direction of sliding.

17. What are FOD and DOD and how to distinguish between them?

17.1 FOD
Foreign Object Debris
Example:
Bird Strike.

17.2 DOD
Domestic Object Debris
Example:
Loose Fastener.

18.The station lines and water lines and in which ATA chapter can find both?

18.1 -Station Lines:

FS lines are vertical reference lines as viewed from the side of the helicopter. FS lines are used to
locate major assembles and parts of the structure by a number indicating the distance in inches of the
origin designated as Fuselage station 0, FS 0.

18.2 Water Lines:

WL are horizontal reference lines viewed from the side or front of helicopter. Water lines are used
to locate major assemblies and parts of the structure by a number indicating the distance in inches above
a line of origin designated as Water Line 0, WL 0, both can be found at ATA 6 >> Dimensions and
Areas.

19. The different component life units, example for each unit and in which
ATA chapter for a certain A/C type component can find component life
limits?
1- Thermal Cycle, Landing, Ex -Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) – Retirement Index Number
(RIN) –Rapid Take Off (RTO) – One Engine Inoperative (OEI)
2- Mechanical Cycle (Flight – Starts)
3- Flight hours, Ex -Time Between Overhaul (TBO) - Time Between Inspection (TBI)

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 4- Calendar date, Ex - Expiry Date-Shelf Life)
5- On Condition (unscheduled) Components life limit ATA 4, Airworthiness limitations

20. The difference between Inspection phase types

20.1 Scheduled inspection

PD Check/AD Check/Weekly/100HR/300HR/Major/Comp. Item

20.2 Special Inspection

After certain maintenance operation

20.3 Conditional Inspection

After Sudden Stoppage, Fire, Lightning strike, Hard Landing, …

21. The main information can get from ATA 70 Engines Standard Practices
The standard practices discuss the standard operations to be made on aircraft or engine such as the
value of torque required to fasten a nut, welding procedure, locking or unlocking a certain component
, It includes tables of:
1. Standard Torques for nuts and bolts
2. Consumables Material (Oil – MEK – WD40 –Grease- Anti Seize-Safety Wire-Rags)

22.What could be exist in hanger facility and ground equipment for Aircraft
and Engine Maintenance?
1. Tool boxes
2. Store
3. Work Shops
4. Hoist
5. FOD Bin
6. Stands
7. Ground Wheels
8. Light
9. Special Tool

23. What is the most consumable material be used in aviation maintenance?

1. Oil
2. MEK

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 3. WD40
4. Safety Wire-Rags
5. Grease
6. Anti-Seize

24. Define Maintenance Types and Mention the different Maintenance

activities

24.1 Maintenance Types:

24.1.1 Preventive maintenance
It is "a routine for periodically inspecting" with the goal of "noticing small problems and fixing them
before major ones develop. (Scheduled inspection)

24.1.2 Corrective maintenance

It is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often
most expensive (Replacement – Repair

24.1.3 Predictive maintenance

It is designed to determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when
maintenance should be performed and prevent unexpected equipment failures. (Engine Oil Analysis –
Turbine Borescope inspection)

24.2 Maintenance Activities:

1. Troubleshooting-Adjustment (Rigging)-servicing (Line Maintenance).
2. Inspection (Measuring, Visual insp. and NDT).
3. Replacements, CHG (Removal, Installation).
4. Overhauls and Repair (Disassembly-Assembly) Base-Workshop (S-U).

25. The difference between Part Number and Serial Number and where to
find Engine mount Part Number (MFR-Manual type –ATA)
 Two identical parts (twins) have same part number but different serial number
 Engine mount P/N can be found in Aircraft IPC Manual ATA 71

26.The possible component life measure for the following items:

26.1 Landing Gear

1. Mechanical Cycle

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 2. Landings

26.2 Engine Fuel nozzles

1. Flight hour

26.3 Engine Preservation

2. Calendar date

27. In Which ATA Chapters and MFR Manual can find the following items

27.1 Engine Fuel Pump removal

(ATA73) Engine Maintenance Manual

27.2 Engine Mounts installation

(ATA71) Aircraft Maintenance Manual

27.3 Engine Oil Filter Part Number

(ATA79) Engine IPC Manual

27.4 Igniter Plug Change

(ATA74) Engine Maintenance Manual

27.5 Engine Fuel Control Rigging

(ATA76) Aircraft Maintenance Manual

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