Internship
Internship
Submitted by
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
NOVEMBER 2023
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ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. M. JOEL JOHN, M.E., Dr. G. NAGAPPAN, M.E., PhD
Assistant Professor Professor
SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Dept. of Computer Science and Dept. of Computer Science and
Engineering, Engineering,
INTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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I express my deep sense of gratitude to our honorable and beloved
Founder President Dr. N.M. VEERAIYAN, our President Dr. SAVEETHA
RAJESH, our Director Dr. S. RAJESH and other management members for
providing the infrastructure needed.
I express my wholehearted gratitude to our principal, Dr. N.
DURAIPANDIAN, for his wholehearted encouragement in completing this
project.
I convey my thanks to Dr. G. NAGAPPAN, Professor and Head of the
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha Engineering
College, for his kind support and for providing necessary facilities to carry out
the project work.
I would like to express our sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to
our Placement Coordinator Mr. N.V. RAVINDHAR, Assistant Professor and
Mr. M. JOEL JOHN, Assistant Professor, Mentor, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, for their valuable
guidance, suggestions and constant encouragement that paved the way for the
successful completion of the internship training and for providing us necessary
support and details at the right time and during the training process.
I owe my thanks to all the members of our college, faculty, staff and
technicians for their kind and valuable cooperation during the course of the
project. I pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to our beloved parents,
friends and well-wishers who encouraged us to complete this project
successfully.
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DECLARATION
Place: Thandalam
Date:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objectives 1
2 ABOUT SIX PHRASE 2
2.1 Industries 2
2.2 Company Overview 2
2.3 Founding Information 2
2.4 Contact Information 3
2.5 Website
3
3 TRAINING PROGRAM STRUCTURE 4
3.1 Curriculum overview 4
3.2 Program objectives 4
3.3 Pedagogical approach 4
4 C PROGRAMING TRAINING 5
4.1 Course content 5
4.2 Practical applications 5
4.3 Evolution of c programming 5
4.4 Understanding basics of C 6
4.5 Reasons to learn C 6
5 FUNDAMENTALS OF C PROGRAMMING 7
5.1 Data types 7
5.2 Control statements 7
5.3 Functions 7
5.4 Arrays 7
5.5 Strings 8
5.6 Structures 8
5.7 Pointers 8
5.8 Recursion 8
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6 DATA STRUCTURES 9
6.1 Introduction 9
6.2 linked list 10
6.3 Stack 10
6.4 Queue 11
6.5 Trees 12
6.6 Heap 13
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The training program, initiated by Six Phrase, aimed to help participants
boost their career skills. Six Phrase focused on teaching C programming,
improving aptitude, enhancing verbal communication, honing reasoning
abilities, and refining English-speaking skills. The goal was to empower
participants for better career opportunities and growth.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
The main goal is to give participants a broad skill set, covering C
programming, soft skills like problem-solving and communication, and key
abilities in aptitude, reasoning, and verbal communication. This aims to make
participants job-ready with practical knowledge for today's industry needs,
improving overall employability. Another focus is empowering participants
for career growth by providing skills for professional advancement. The
program adapts to industry changes, ensuring participants learn current and
future- focused skills. Building confidence is crucial, achieved through
mastering technical skills and effective communication. The program aims to
empower participants for various career paths, making a meaningful impact
on their careers with confidence and competence.
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CHAPTER 2
ABOUT SIX PHRASE
2.1 INDUSTRIES
Six Phrase operates in various industries, catering to the diverse needs of
individuals seeking career advancement. These industries include career planning, e-
learning, education, and the service industry. The organization's presence in these
sectors reflects its commitment to providing comprehensive solutions for skill
development and professional growth. Whether individuals are navigating career
paths, seeking online learning opportunities, pursuing educational goals, or
exploring service-related fields, Six Phrase endeavors to play a significant role in
empowering them for success.
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advancement. The founding of Six Phrase marked the beginning of a commitment to
empower individuals with the skills necessary for success in a rapidly evolving
professional landscape. Since its inception, the organization has been actively
contributing to the education and skill development sector, with a focus on fostering
growth and employability among its participants.
2.5 WEBSITE
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CHAPTER 3
TRAINING PROGRAM STRUCTURE
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CHAPTER 4
C PROGRAMMING TRAINING
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4.4 UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF C:
Exploring the functionality of the C programming language unveils its inner
workings. C operates through a sequence of steps, from code compilation to
execution. The process involves a compiler translating human-readable code into
machine-readable instructions, followed by the creation of an executable file.
When a C program is executed, the operating system loads the executable file into
memory, and the program's instructions are executed sequentially. The language's
efficiency lies in its direct interaction with the hardware, allowing for precise control
and optimal performance. In essence, C programming involves the transformation of
human logic into machine-executable instructions, making it a powerful and
versatile language for various applications.
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CHAPTER 5
FUNDAMENTALS OF C PROGRAMMING
5.1 DATA TYPES
In C programming, data types help define the kind of information a variable can
store. Common data types include integers (whole numbers), floating-point numbers
(decimals), characters (single letters or symbols), and more. Properly choosing data
types is crucial for efficient memory usage and program functionality.
5.3 FUNCTIONS
Functions are blocks of code designed to perform specific tasks. They are like
mini-programs within a larger program. Functions help in organizing code,
promoting reusability, and simplifying complex tasks. They have a name,
parameters (inputs), and a return value (output).
5.4 ARRAYS
Arrays are collection of similar data elements stored under a single name. They
allow efficient storage and retrieval of data. For example, an array of integers can
store multiple numbers under one variable name. Array elements are accessed using
an index, starting from 0.
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5.5 STRINGS
In C, strings are sequences of characters. They are crucial for working with text.
Strings in C are represented as arrays of characters and are terminated with a null
character ('\0'). String manipulation functions are used to perform operations like
concatenation, copying, and comparison.
5.6 STRUCTURES
Structures allow the grouping of different data types under one name. They are
useful for creating complex data structures. For instance, a structure representing a
person might have fields for name, age, and address. Each field can be of a different
data type.
5.7 POINTERS
Pointers store the memory address of a variable. They provide a way to indirectly
access or modify the value of a variable. Pointers are powerful tools in C
programming, especially for tasks like dynamic memory allocation and efficient data
manipulation.
5.8 RECURSION
Recursion involves a function calling itself. It's a technique used to solve problems
by breaking them down into smaller instances. In C, recursion is often employed for
tasks like traversing data structures, solving mathematical problems, or
implementing algorithms like quicksort.
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CHAPTER 6
DATA STRUCTURES
6.1 INTRODUCTION
A data structure is a storage that is used to store and organize data. It is a way of
arranging data on a computer so that it can be accessed and updated efficiently.
A data structure is not only used for organizing the data. It is also used for
processing, retrieving, and storing data. There are different basic and advanced
types of data structures that are used in almost every program or software system
that has been developed.
Linear data structure: Data structure in which data elements are arranged
sequentially or linearly, where each element is attached to its previous and next
adjacent elements, is called a linear data structure.
Non-linear data structure: Data structures where data elements are not placed
sequentially or linearly are called non-linear data structures. In a non-linear data
structure, we can’t traverse all the elements in a single run only.
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6.2 LINKED LIST
A linked list is a linear data structure, in which the elements are not stored at
contiguous memory locations. The elements in a linked list are linked using
pointers as shown in the below image:
It is basically chains of nodes, each node contains information such as data and a
pointer to the next node in the chain. In the linked list there is a head pointer,
which points to the first element of the linked list, and if the list is empty then it
simply points to null or nothing.
Single-linked list
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6.3 STACK
In C, a stack is a data structure that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO)
principle. This means that the last element added to the stack is the first one to
be removed. The stack can be implemented using an array or a linked list.
pushing elements onto it, popping elements off it, and checking its status (empty or
full). These operations are fundamental for managing data in a Last In, First Out
fashion.
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6.4 QUEUE
A Queue is defined as a linear data structure that is open at both ends and the
operations are performed in First In First Out (FIFO) order.
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6.5 TREES
The topmost node of the tree is called the root, and the nodes below it are called
the child nodes. Each node can have multiple child nodes, and these child nodes
can also have their own child nodes, forming a recursive structure.
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6.6 HEAP
TYPES OF HEAP:
Max-Heap: In a Max-Heap the key present at the root node must be greatest
among the keys present at all of its children. The same property must be
recursively true for all sub-trees in that Binary Tree.
Min-Heap: In a Min-Heap the key present at the root node must be minimum
among the keys present at all of its children. The same property must be
recursively true for all sub-trees in that Binary Tree.
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CHAPTER 7
ADVANCED QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Aptitude reasoning, verbal, and quantitative skills are fundamental aspects of
cognitive abilities crucial in various academic, professional, and everyday settings.
Mastering these skills not only enhances problem-solving abilities but also
improves critical thinking, logical reasoning, and comprehension.
Mastering these aptitudes is vital in various competitive exams, job interviews, and
academic assessments. Strengthening these skills requires consistent practice,
understanding of fundamental concepts, and employing various problem-solving
strategies.
In this journey of honing aptitude reasoning, verbal, and quantitative skills,
practice, perseverance, and continuous learning are key elements that pave theway
for success in tackling challenging problems across different fields and
domains.Aptitude reasoning evaluates one's ability to analyze, interpret, and solve
problemsusing logical and abstract thinking. It encompasses various domains such
as logical reasoning, numerical reasoning, abstract reasoning, and critical thinking,
testing an individual's capacity to comprehend patterns, sequences, and
relationships.
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1. SEATING ARRANGEMENTS:
A, P, R, X, S and Z are sitting in a row. S and Z are in the centre. A and P are at
the ends. R is sitting to the left of A. Who is to the right of P ?
A. A
B. X
C. S
D. Z
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The seating arrangement is as P,X,S,Z,R
Therefore, right of P is X.
2. DATA SUFFICIENCY:
Question: In which year was Rahul born?
Statements:
I. Rahul at present is 25 years younger to his mother.
II. Rahul's brother, who was born in 1964, is 35 years younger to his mother.
A. I alone is sufficient while II alone is not sufficient
B. II alone is sufficient while I alone is not sufficient
C. Either I or II is sufficient
D. Neither I nor II is sufficient
E. Both I and II
are sufficient
Answer: option E
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Explanation:
From both I and II, we find that Rahul is (35 - 25) = 10 years older than his
brother, who was born in 1964. So, Rahul was born in 1954.
B. North
C. North-East
D. South
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
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7.2 VERBAL
Verbal aptitude involves linguistic skills, comprehension, vocabulary, grammar,
and the ability to analyze information presented in textual form. Proficiency in
verbal reasoning allows individuals to comprehend written material effectively,
draw conclusions, and make deductions based on provided information.
EXAMPLES:
1. SPOTTING ERRORS:
A. We discussed about the problem so thoroughly
B. on the eve of the examination
C. that I found it very easy to work it out
D. No error.
Answer: Option A
2. CHANGE OF VOICES:
A. After being driven to the museum, Professor Kumar was dropped at his hotel.
B. Professor Kumar was being driven dropped at his hotel.
C. After she had driven Professor Kumar to the museum she had dropped him
at his hotel.
D. After she was driven Professor Kumar to the museum she had dropped him
at his hotel.
Answer: Option A
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3. IDIOMS AND PHRASES:
1. To keeps one's temper
A. To become hungry
B. To be in good mood
C. To preserve ones energy
D. To be aloof from
E. None
of these
Answer:
Option B
4. ANALOGY:
Paw : Cat :: Hoof : ?
A. Lamb
B. Elephant
C. Lion
D. Horse Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
As cat has Paw similarly Horse has Hoof.
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7.3 QUANTS
Quantitative aptitude focuses on numerical ability, mathematical problem-
solving, and quantitative analysis. It involves proficiency in arithmetic, algebra,
geometry, data interpretation, and statistical reasoning. A strong grasp of
quantitative concepts enables individuals to solve complex mathematical problems
and interpret data accurately.
Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he
sells the scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is:
Answer:5*5/11%
Explanation:
Cost Price (C.P.) = Rs. (4700 + 800) = Rs. 5500.
Selling Price (S.P.) = Rs. 5800.
Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) = Rs.(5800 - 5500) =
Rs. 300. Gain % =300x100% = 5*5/11%
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3. CALENDAR:
It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of the week Jan 1, 2010?
Answer: Friday
Explanation:
On 31st December, 2005 it was Saturday.
Number of odd days from the year 2006 to the year 2009 = (1+1+2+1) = 5
days. On 31st December 2009, it was Thursday.
Thus, on 1st Jan, 2010 it is Friday.
4. PROBLEMS ON AGES:
The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3 years each is 50 years.
What is the age of the youngest child?
Answer:4 years
Explanation:
Let the ages of children be x, (x + 3), (x + 6), (x + 9) and (x + 12) years
Then, x + (x + 3) + (x + 6) + (x + 9) + (x +
12) = 50 5x = 20
x = 4.
Age of the youngest child = x = 4 years.
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CHAPTER 8
ENGLISH-SPEAKING
ABILITIES
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8.3 INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION
As part of Six Phrase's training program, individual presentations serve as a
valuable component to enhance participants' communication skills and showcase
their understanding of various subjects. An individual presentation involves a
participant delivering information, insights, or ideas to an audience, typically in a
structured and organized manner.
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CHAPTER 9
INTERVIEW PREPARATION
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9.3 "TELL ME ABOUT YOURSELF" SESSIONS
In the "Tell Me About Yourself" sessions within the Six Phrase training
program, the focus is on honing your ability to introduce yourself effectively in a
professional context. These sessions simulate a common yet critical question asked
in job interviews and professional settings. You, as the participant, are guided to
craft a concise and impactful self-introduction that highlights key aspects of your
background, skills, and aspirations. The goal is to help you confidently
communicate your professional identity, making a positive impression on potential
employers or collaborators.
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CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
10.1 ACHIEVEMENTS
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