States of Matter
Mark Scheme 1
Level International A Level
Subject Chemistry
Exam Board CIE
Topic States of Matter
Sub-Topic
Paper Type Theory
Booklet Mark Scheme 1
Time Allowed: 65 minutes
Score: /54
Percentage: /100
Grade Boundaries:
A* A B C D E U
>85% 777.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlinetuition.com [email protected]
1 (a (i) Straight line drawn horizontally from same intercept [1] [1]
(ii) T1 because it shows greatest deviation/furthest from ideal [1] [1]
(iii) reducing T (reduces KE of particles) so intermolecular forces of attraction
become more significant [1]
[1]
(iv) greatest deviation is at high pressure [1]
increasing pressure decreases volume so volume of particles becomes
more significant ora [1]
[2]
(b) Mass of air = 100 × 0.00118 = 0.118 g
Mass of flask = 47.930 – 0.118 = 47.812 g [1]
Mass of Y = 47.989 – 47.812 = 0.177 g [1]
m
pV = nRT = RT
Mr
mRT 0.177 × 8.31× 299 [1]
Mr = =
pV 1× 10 5 × 100 × 10 −6
= 44.0 (43.979 to 2 or more sf) [1] [4]
(c) (i) strong triple bond [1]
1]
(ii) high temperature (needed for reaction between N2 and O2) [1] [1]
(iii) 2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2 [1]
OR 2NO + C → N2 + CO2 [1]
(iv) 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 → 4HNO3 [1] [1]
(v) NO + ½O2 → NO2 [1]
NO2 + SO2 → NO + SO3 [1]
OR NO2 + SO2 + H2O → NO + H2SO4 [2]
[15]
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlinetuition.com [email protected]
2 (a any two from: molecules have negligible volume
negligible intermolecular forces or particles are not attracted to each other
or to the walls of the container
random motion
no loss of kinetic energy during collisions or elastic collisions (NOT
elastic molecules) 2 × [1]
[2]
(b)
b) low temperature and high pressure both required [1]
(ii) (at low T) forces between particles are more important, [1]
(at high P) volume of molecules are significant [1]
[3 max 2]
(c)
c) endothermic; because the equilibrium moves to the right on heating or with
increasing temperature or because bonds are broken during the reaction [1]
(ii) e.g. halogenation or Friedel-Crafts alkylation / acylation
reactants [1]
products [1]
other possibilities: Cl2, I2, R–Cl, RCOCl etc.
[3]
[Total: 7]
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlinetuition.com [email protected]
3 (a)
a) diamond and graphite [1]
(ii) any three from
graphite diamond
colour black
lack transp / colourless
electrical conductivity good conductor non-conductor
hardness soft / slippery
lipp / non slippery
density less dense than more dense than graphite
diamond
melting point lower
ower h
3 × [1]
[4]
(b) Because each carbon is only bonded to 3 others or is unsaturated / doubly-bonded / sp2
or has 3 bonding locations
(NOT forms only 3 bonds) [1
C60H60 [1]
[2]
(c)
c) Number of atoms carbon present = 0.001 × 6.02 × 1023 / 12 = 5.02 × 1019 [1]
(ii) Number of hexagons present = 5.02 × 1019 / 2 = 2.51 × 1019
Area of sheet = 690 × 2.51 × 1019 = 1.73 × 1022 nm2 [1]
(iii) Graphene: Yes, since it has free / delocalised / mobile electrons [1]
Buckminsterfullerene: No, (although there is delocalisation within each sphere)
it consists of separate / simple / discrete molecules / spheres / particles,
(so no delocalisation from one sphere to the next)
or electrons are trapped within each molecule / sphere
phe
[4]
[Total: 10]
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlinetuition.com [email protected]
4 (a alkanes/paraffins
not hydrocarbon (1) [1]
(b) 2 C14H30 + 43 O2 → 28 CO2 + 30 H2O or
C14H30 + 43/2O2 → 14 CO2 + 15 H2O (1 [1]
(c) (i) mass of C14H30 burnt
8195 x 10.8 = 88.506 = 88.5 t (1)
1000
(ii) mass of CO2 produced
Mr of C14H30 = (14 x 12 + 30 x 1) = 198 (1)
2 x 198 t of C14H30 → 28 x 44 t of CO2
88.5 t of C14H30 → 28 x 44 x 88.5 (1)
2 x 198
= 275.3 t of CO2 (1)
allow 275.4 t if candidate has used 88.506
allow ecf on wrong value for Mr of C14H30 [4]
(d) n = PV = 6 x 105 x 710 x 10-6 (1)
RT 8.31 x 293
= 0.175 (1)
1)
(e) P = nRT = 0.175 x 8.31 x 278 (1)
V 710 x 10-6
= 569410.5634 Pa = 5.7 x 105 (1)
allow ecf on (d) [2]
[Total: 10]
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlinetuition.com [email protected]
5 (a there are no inter-molecular forces present between ideal gas molecules
ideal gas molecules have no volume
collisions between ideal gas molecules are perfectly elastic
ideal gas molecules behave as rigid spheres (any 2) [2]
(b) high temperature (1)
low pressure (1) [2]
(c) mo ideal ..... neon..... nitrogen..... ammonia..... least ideal (1)
nitrogen has stronger van der Waals’ forces than argon (1)
ammonia has hydrogen bonding as well as van der Waals’ forces (1) [3]
(d) with increasing temperature,
average kinetic energy of molecules increases (1)
intermolecular forces are more easily broken (1) [2]
(e) 18 (1)
1)
(f)
f) ( both have very similar/same van der Waals’ forces (1)
(ii) CH3F has permanent dipole (1) [2]
[Total: 12]
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlinetuition.com [email protected]
