Dbms Draft Report
Dbms Draft Report
CHAPTER 1:
Outside the world of professional information technology, the term database is often
used to refer to any collection of related data (such as a spreadsheet or a card index) as
however size and usage requirements typically necessitate use of a database management
system. Existing DBMSs provide various functions that allow management of a database
and its data which can be classified into four main functional groups:
Data definition – Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the
organization of the data.
Update – Insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data.
Retrieval – Providing information in a form directly usable or for further processing
by other applications. The retrieved data may be made available in a form basically the
same as it is stored in the database or in a new form obtained by altering or combining
existing data from the database.
Administration – Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security,
monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing concurrency control,
recovering information that has been corrupted by some event such as an unexpected
system failure.
Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database
model. "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database management
system, and database.
Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and
run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor
computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is
used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators, connected
to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction
processing environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications.
DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-
in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to
provide these functions.
Since DBMSs comprise a significant market, computer and storage vendors often take
into account DBMS requirements in their own development plans.
Databases and DBMSs can be categorized according to the database model(s) that they
support (such as relational or XML), the type(s) of computer they run on (from a server
cluster to a mobile phone), the query language(s) used to access the database (such as SQL
or XQuery), and their internal engineering, which affects performance, scalability,
resilience, and security.
1.2 History
The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMS
have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the
technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage,
and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into
three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-
relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and
the CODASYL model (network model).
The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this
tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by
following links. The relational model employs set of ledger-style tables, each used for a
different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful
enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus applications).
By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data
processing applications, and as of 2018 they remain dominant: IBM
DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS.[9] The
dominant database language, standardized SQL for the relational model, has influenced
database languages for other data models.
The next generation of post-relational databases in the late 2000s became known
as No SQL databases, introducing fast key-value stores and document-oriented databases.
A competing "next generation" known as New SQL databases attempted new
implementations that retained the relational/SQL model while aiming to match the high
performance of No SQL compared to commercially available relational DBMS.
Databases touch all aspects of our lives. Some of the major areas of application are
as follows:
Banking
Airlines
Universities
Manufacturing and Selling
Human Resources
CHAPTER 2:
PROJECT DESIGN
2.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of developing attendance management system is to computerized the
tradition way of taking attendance. Another purpose for developing this software is to
generate the report automatically at the end of the session or in the between of the session.
2.2 DESCRIPTION
Attendance management is the act of managing attendance or presence in a work
setting to minimize loss due to employee downtime.
ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: attendance control has traditionally been
approached using time clocks, timesheets and time tracking software, but attendance
management goes beyond this to provide a working environment which maximizes and
motivates student attendance. Recently it has become possible to collect attendance data
automatically through using real-time location systems, which also allow for cross-linking
between attendance data and performance.
Attendance management takes place in all educational campuses be it university,
college or school.
It will make to the attendance database all students. Entered attendance to store in
the database subject. Period wise into the particular date. It will help to get report of weekly
and consolidate of the attendance. It will retrieve the subject information from the subject
database and assign time tables to the staffs.
2.3 ER DIAGRAM
CHAPTER 3:
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Hardware Requirements
RAM : 4 GB
XAMPP server
CHAPTER 4:
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
4.1 Description of tools
4.1.1 XAMPP Server
XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), Maria DB (M), PHP (P) and Perl
(P). Since XAMPP is simple, lightweight Apache distribution it is extremely easy for
developers to create a local web server for testing and deployment purposes. Everything
you needed is to set up a web server – server application (Apache), database (Maria DB),
and scripting language (PHP). XAMPP works equally well on Linux, Mac, and Windows.
MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company
MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid editions
are available, and offer additional functionality.
The MySQL server package will install the MySQL database server which can interact
with using a MySQL client. User can use the MySQL client to send commands to any
MySQL server; on a remote computer The MySQL server is used to persist the data and
provide a query interface for it (SQL). The MySQL client’s purpose is to allow you to use
that query interface. The client package also comes with utilities that allow ‘s you to easily
backup/restore data and administer the server.
4.2.1 HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, it is the standard markup language for
creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and
JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and
render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages, with HTML constructs,
images and other objects, such as interactive forms, may be embedded into the rendered
page. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics
for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements
are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Browsers do not display the HTML
tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
It is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written
in a markup language. Although most often used to set the visual style of web pages and
user interfaces written in HTML, the language can be applied to any document, including
plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media.
Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites
to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user
interfaces for many mobile applications.
4.2.3 PHP
It is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also
used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP was originally created by
RasmusLerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP
Development Team. PHP stands for the acronym: Hypertext Preprocessor.
PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used in
combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and
web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a
module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web
server software combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may
be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be
executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone
graphical applications.
CHAPTER 5:
IMPLEMENTATION OF CODE
Database configuration code
<?php
$dbServer = 'localhost';
$dbUsername = 'root';
$dbPassword = '';
$dbDatabase = 'attendance_management';
$adminConfig = array(
);
$currDir=dirname( FILE );
include("$currDir/defaultLang.php");
include("$currDir/language.php");
include("$currDir/lib.php");
@include("$currDir/hooks/attendance.php");
include("$currDir/attendance_dml.php");
$perm=getTablePermissions('attendance');
if(!$perm[0]){
echo '<script>setTimeout("window.location=\'index.php?signOut=1\'",
2000);</script>';
exit;
$x = new DataList;
$x->TableName = "attendance";
$x->QueryFieldsTV = array(
"if(`attendance`.`date`,date_format(`attendance`.`date`,'%m/%d/%Y'),'')" =>
"date",
);
$x->SortFields = array(
1 => '`students1`.`name`',
2 => '`students1`.`regno`',
3 => 3,
4 => '`attendance`.`date`',
5 => '`units1`.`name`',
6 => 6,
7 => '`attendance`.`id`'
);
$x->QueryFieldsCSV = array(
"if(`attendance`.`date`,date_format(`attendance`.`date`,'%m/%d/%Y'),'')" =>
"date",
);
$x->QueryFieldsFilters = array(
);
$x->QueryFieldsQS = array(
"if(`attendance`.`date`,date_format(`attendance`.`date`,'%m/%d/%Y'),'')" =>
"date",
);
$x->QueryWhere = '';
$x->QueryOrder = '';
$x->AllowSelection = 1;
$x->AllowDelete = $perm[4];
$x->AllowMassDelete = false;
$x->AllowInsert = $perm[1];
$x->AllowUpdate = $perm[3];
$x->SeparateDV = 1;
$x->AllowDeleteOfParents = 0;
$x->AllowFilters = 1;
$x->AllowSavingFilters = 0;
$x->AllowSorting = 1;
$x->AllowNavigation = 1;
$x->AllowPrinting = 1;
$x->AllowCSV = 1;
$x->RecordsPerPage = 10;
$x->QuickSearch = 1;
$x->ScriptFileName = "attendance_view.php";
$x->RedirectAfterInsert = "attendance_view.php?SelectedID=#ID#";
$x->TableIcon = "resources/table_icons/application_view_icons.png";
$x->PrimaryKey = "`attendance`.`id`";
$x->Template = 'templates/attendance_templateTV.html';
$x->SelectedTemplate = 'templates/attendance_templateTVS.html';
$x->TemplateDV = 'templates/attendance_templateDV.html';
$x->TemplateDVP = 'templates/attendance_templateDVP.html';
$x->ShowTableHeader = 1;
$x->ShowRecordSlots = 0;
$x->TVClasses = "";
$x->DVClasses = "";
$x->HighlightColor = '#FFF0C2';
$DisplayRecords = $_REQUEST['DisplayRecords'];
$x->QueryFrom.=', membership_userrecords';
$x->QueryWhere="where
`attendance`.`id`=membership_userrecords.pkValue and
membership_userrecords.tableName='attendance' and
lcase(membership_userrecords.memberID)='".getLoggedMemberID()."'";
$x->QueryFrom.=', membership_userrecords';
$x->QueryWhere="where
`attendance`.`id`=membership_userrecords.pkValue and
membership_userrecords.tableName='attendance' and
membership_userrecords.groupID='".getLoggedGroupID()."'";
// no further action
$x->QueryFrom = '`attendance`';
$x->QueryWhere = '';
$x->DefaultSortField = '';
// hook: attendance_init
$render=TRUE;
if(function_exists('attendance_init')){
$args=array();
if($render) $x->Render();
// hook: attendance_header
$headerCode='';
if(function_exists('attendance_header')){
$args=array();
$headerCode=attendance_header($x->ContentType, getMemberInfo(),
$args);
if(!$headerCode){
include_once("$currDir/header.php");
}else{
ob_start(); include_once("$currDir/header.php");
$dHeader=ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean();
echo $x->HTML;
// hook: attendance_footer
$footerCode='';
if(function_exists('attendance_footer')){
$args=array();
if(!$footerCode){
include_once("$currDir/footer.php");
}else{
?>
CHAPTER 6:
TEST CASES
CHAPTER 7:
RESULTS
Fig6.8 Membership_grouppermission
CONCLUSION
The Attendance Management System is developed using php, html fully meets the System
which it has been developed. The System has reached a steady state where all bugs have
been eliminated. The system is operated at a high level of efficiency and all the teachers
and user associated with the system understands its advantage. The system solves the
problem. It was intended to solve as requirement specification.
The project greatly helped in understanding the various phases in website development and
exposure to a new developer platform using php, html and database My SQL.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Although the project work has been done in a complete and detailed manner but due to
the constraints of time, we could not include some more feature we wanted to. We left these
features as a part of the future development. As soon as we‘ll get time we’ll try to add them
to my project.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References URL’S:
[1] www.w3schools.com
[2] www.tutorialspoint.com/mysql/
Reference Books:
[1] Elmasri Navathe - “Fundamentals of Database System “, 2017[7th Edition]