1
Name: Grade: IG1 Roll No: 2023-24
Subject: The Mole - BA - 5 Date: Teacher ’s sign
1 In an experiment, 1.61 g of Na2SO4•xH2O is heated until all the water is given off. The mass of
Na 2SO4 remaining is 0.71 g.
[Mr: Na2SO4,142; H 2O,18]
Determine the value of x using the following steps.
• Calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4 remaining.
............................. mol
• Calculate the mass of H2O given off.
................................. g
• Calculate the number of moles of H 2O given off.
............................. mol
• Determine the value of x
x = .............................. [4]
[Total: 4]
2
2 Sodium hydrogencarbonate is found in baking powder.
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated it forms three products.
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure when 12.6 g of
NaHCO3 is heated using the following steps:
• determine the mass of one mole of NaHCO3
........................................ g
• calculate the number of moles of NaHCO3
................................ moles
• determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide formed
................................ moles
• calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure.
3
.................................... dm [4]
[Total: 4]
3 Nitrates such as ammonium nitrate are used as fertilisers.
The final stage in the production of ammonium nitrate is shown in the equation.
Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NH4NO3 + CaCO3
Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be produced from 820 g of calcium
nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, using the following steps.
The relative formula mass, Mr, of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, = 164.
3
(a) Calculate the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 in 820 g.
........................... mol [1]
(b) Deduce the number of moles of NH4NO3 produced.
........................... mol [1]
(c) Calculate the Mr of NH4NO3.
Mr of NH4NO3 = ........................... [1]
(d) Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate produced.
........................... g [1]
[Total: 4]
4 When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
4
2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)
3
(a) Calculate the volume, in cm , of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added to
excess water at room temperature and pressure.
Use the following steps.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.
= .......................................................mol [1]
(ii) Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.
= .......................................................mol [1]
(iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.
3
volume = ..........................................cm [1]
[Total: 3]
5 Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.
The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.
Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)
The student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and 0.0600 moles
of H2O.
5
Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.
(a) Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.
Mr = ................................................ [1]
(b) Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.
moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = ........................ [1]
(c) Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.
x = .................................................. [1]
[Total: 3]
6
6 On analysing hydrated iron(II) sulfate crystals, FeSO4•xH2O, a student found that one mole of the
crystals had a mass of 278 g.
Determine the value of x using the following steps:
• calculate the mass of one mole of FeSO4
mass = .................................. g
• calculate the mass of H2O present in one mole of FeSO4•xH2O
mass of H2O = .............................. g
• determine the value of x.
x = ...................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
7 Copper(II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
CuO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
3 3
6.00 g of copper(II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm of 1.00 mol / dm hydrochloric acid. This was an
excess of copper(II) oxide.
(a) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.
moles of copper(II) oxide = ........................... mol [2]
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(b) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.
moles of hydrochloric acid = ........................... mol [1]
(c) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.
mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react = ........................... g [2]
[Total: 5]
8 Esters, polyesters and fats all contain the ester linkage.
Esters can be made from alcohols and carboxylic acids. For example, the ester ethyl ethanoate
can be made by the following reaction.
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH → CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
6.0 g of ethanoic acid, Mr = 60, was reacted with 5.5 g of ethanol, Mr = 46.
Determine which is the limiting reagent and the maximum yield of ethyl ethanoate, Mr = 88.
number of moles of ethanoic acid = ................................................................................... [1]
number of moles of ethanol = ............................................................................................. [1]
the limiting reagent is .......................................................................................................... [1]
number of moles of ethyl ethanoate formed = .................................................................... [1]
maximum yield of ethyl ethanoate = ................................................................................... [1] [5]
[Total: 5]
9 When solid copper(II) nitrate is heated copper(II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen are formed.
2Cu(NO3)2 → 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
8
Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure when 4.7 g of
Cu(NO3)2 is heated.
Use the following steps:
(a) Calculate the mass of one mole of Cu(NO3)2.
............................... g [1]
(b) Calculate the number of moles of Cu(NO3)2 used.
........................ moles [1]
(c) Determine the number of moles of nitrogen dioxide formed.
........................ moles [1]
(d) Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure.
3
........................... dm [1]
[Total: 4]
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10 Some chlorides are hydrated.
When hydrated barium chloride crystals, BaCl2•xH2O, are heated they give off water.
BaCl2•xH2O(s) → BaCl2(s) + xH2O(g)
A student carries out an experiment to determine the value of x in BaCl2•xH2O.
In an experiment, 4.88 g of BaCl2•xH2O is heated until all the water is given off. The mass of BaCl2
remaining is 4.16 g.
[Mr: BaCl2, 208; H2O, 18]
Determine the value of x using the following steps.
• Calculate the number of moles of BaCl2 remaining.
.................................... m o l
• Calculate the mass of H2O given off.
........................................ g
• Calculate the number of moles of H2O given off.
.................................... m o l
• Determine the value of x.
x = ...................................... [4]
[Total: 4]
