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PSA - Lecture 4 - Per Unit Calculations (Part-2)

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16 views

PSA - Lecture 4 - Per Unit Calculations (Part-2)

Uploaded by

safwanxd93
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-4

Power System Analysis

Lecture on
Per Unit Quantities (Part-2)
(tutorial)

Prepared By
Kazi Firoz Ahmed
Senior Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE
American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
Lecture Outcomes
By the end of this lecture, the students should be able to:

1) Justify the importance of per unit calculations


2) Solve complex engineering problem related to per unit
calculation of power system network
3) Identify the per unit impedance diagram for any given single
line diagram of a power system model.
Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example 1 [1, p.159]
A power system consists of one synchronous generator and one synchronous motor
connected by two transformers and a transmission line as shown in the following
figure. Create a per-phase, per-unit equivalent (simplified impedance) circuit of this
power system using a base apparent power of 100 MVA and a base line voltage of the
generator G1 of 13.8 kV
Given that:
G1 ratings: 100 MVA, 13.8 kV, R = 0.1 pu, Xs = 0.9 pu;
T1 ratings: 100 MVA, 13.8/110 kV, R = 0.01 pu, X = 0.05 pu;
T2 ratings: 50 MVA, 120/14.4 kV, R = 0.01 pu, X = 0.05 pu;
M ratings: 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, R = 0.1 pu, Xs = 1.1 pu;
L1 impedance: R = 15 Ω, X = 75 Ω.
Example of Per Unit Quantities

Base impedance calculation in region 1 is


not required, since the rated value of region
1 is considered as base value and resistance
and reactance values are given in pu.
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Base impedance calculation in region 3 is not required, since the given data in this
region is given in pu. Thus, the values of pu are needed to update.
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example 6.10 [1, p.159] A 300 MVA, 20 kV three-phase generator has a subtransient
reactance of 20%. The generator supplies a number of synchronous motors over a 64 km (4-
mi) transmission line having transformers at both ends, as shown on the one-line diagram of
Fig. 6.29. The motors, all rated 13.2 kV, are represented by just two equivalent motors. The
neutral of one motor M1 is grounded through reactance. The neural of the second motor M2 is
not connected to the ground (an unusual condition). Rated inputs to the motors are 200 MVA
and 100 MVA for M1 and M2, respectively.
For both motors X” =20%. The three-phase transformer T1 is rated 350 MVA, 230/20kV with
the leakage reactance of 10%. Transformer T2 is composed of three single-phase transformer
each rated 127/13.2 kV, 100 MVA with leakage reactance of 10%. Series reactance of the
transmission line is 0.5 Ω/km.
Draw the reactance diagram with all reactance marked in per-unit. Select the generator
rating as base in the generator circuit.
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example 6.11 [1, p.160] If the motors M1 and M2 of Example 6.10 have inputs of 120
and 60 MW respectively at 13.2 kV, and both operate at unity power facto, find the
voltage at the terminal of the generator.
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example 3: Prepare a per phase schematic of the system shown in the figure and show all
impedances in per unit on a 100 MVA, 132 kV base in the transmission line circuit
G1 : 100 MVA, 11 kV, X= 0.15 p.u
G2 : 200 MVA, 13.8 kV, X= 0.2 p.u
T1 : 120 MVA, 11/132 kV, X= 0.1 p.u
T2: 250 MVA, 13.8/161 kV, X= 0.1 p.u
Load: 250 MVA, 0.8 Lagging, operating at 132 kV

Determine the per unit impedance of the load for the following cases: (i) load modeled as a
series combination of resistance and reactance, and (ii) load modeled as a parallel
combination of resistance and reactance
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities

Load: The base impedance in the load circuit is


same as the base impedance in the base
impedance in the transmission line.
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Example of Per Unit Quantities
Homework
Element of Power System Analysis 4th Edition (Stevenson):
Example: 6.4; 6.5; 6.6; 6.10; 6.11
Exercise: 6.13; 6.15; 6.16
Power System Analysis and Design (Glover and Sharma)
3rd Edition
Example: 3.3; 3.4; 3.7
Exercise: 3.18; 3.19; 3.29; 3.30; 3.33; 3.34
4th Edition
Example: 3.3; 3.4; 3.7
Exercise: 3.23; 3.24; 3.28; 3.41; 3.42; 3.45; 3.46
References
[1] Willaim D. Stevenson, Elements of Power System Analysis, Fouth Edition,
McGraw-Hill International Editions, Civil Engineering Series, McGraw-Hill Inc.

[2] John J. Grainger, William D. Steevnson, Jr., Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill
Series in Electrical and Conputer Engineering, McGraw-Hill Inc.

[3] J. Duncan Glover, Mulukutla S. Sharma, Thomas J. Overbye, Power System


Analysis and Design, Fouth Edition (India Edition), Course Technology Cengage
Learning.

[4] V. K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta, Principles of Power System, Multicolor Illustrative


Edition, S. Chand and Company Limited.

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