AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

2023 Standard for

Evaluation of
Air-conditioning and Heating
Equipment Test Stands
 ©Copyright 2023, by Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute

Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office

Printed in U.S.A.

IMPORTANT
SAFETY DISCLAIMER

AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products,
components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this
standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled,
installed, and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements
appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline.

AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted
industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its
standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk.

ICS Codes: 17.060, 17.080, 17.100, and 17.120

Note:

This is a new standard; a prior version does not exist.

AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM DISCLAIMER

AHRI Standards are developed independently of AHRI Certification activities and can have scopes that include
products that are not part of the AHRI Certification Program. The scope of the applicable AHRI Certification
Program can be found on AHRI’s website at www.ahrinet.org.
 Intent

This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, efficiency
regulators, contractors, and users.

Review and Amendment

This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances.

2023 Edition

This edition of AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P), Evaluation of Air-conditioning and Heating Equipment Test Stands,
was prepared by the Unitary Small Equipment Standards Technical Committee. The standard was published by the
Unitary Standards Subcommittee on 12 June 2023.

Origin and Development of AHRI 140-2023 (I-P)

This is the initial publication of AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P), Evaluation of Air-conditioning and Heating
Equipment Test Stands. AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P) was developed to:

Build on work done with Laboratory Evaluation and Adjustment Plan

Help improve certification programs that utilize witness testing

Support AHRI's certification services

 Committee Personnel

Unitary Small Equipment Standards Technical Committee

Voting Member State or Province /

Participant
Role Country
Rusty Tharp
Chair TX, USA
Daikin Comfort Technologies Manufacturing, L.P.
Li Aiguo
Primary Shanghai, CN
Shanghai Highly Electrical Appliances Co., LTD
John Bade
Primary CA, USA
2050 Partners
Jeff Bauman
Primary PA, USA
Continental Refrigerator
Eric Berg
Primary TX, USA
Lennox International Inc.
Robert Brown
Primary IN, USA
WaterFurnace International, Inc.
Jennifer Butsch
Primary OH, USA
Copeland
Scott Creamer
Primary AR, USA
Rheem Manufacturing Company
Armen Davtyan
Primary MA, USA
Bosch Thermotechnology Corp
Jason Freudigmann
Primary WI, USA
Greenheck Fan Company
Chandra Gollapudi
Primary TX, USA
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Byron Horak
Primary NY, USA
Intertek
Allen Kirkwood
Primary IN, USA
Carrier Corporation
David Koesterer
Primary MO, USA
Nortek Global HVAC LLC
Klint Leete
Primary AR, USA
Hooks & Associates, Inc.
Justin Martin
Primary TX, USA
Allstyle Coil Company, LP
Craig Messmer
Primary MO, USA
Unico, Inc.
Gary Patterson
Primary TX, USA
Mortex Products, Inc.
Aniruddh Roy
Primary CA, USA
Energy Solutions
Jeremy Smith
Primary PA, USA
Johnson Controls, Inc.
Warren (Mike) Stem
Primary TX, USA
Stem Integration Services LLC
Kevin Teakell
Primary OK, USA
Aaon, Inc.
Greg Thomas
Primary KY, USA
GD Midea Air-Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd.
Jeremy Tidd
Primary GA, USA
Mitsubishi Electric Cooling & Heating
 Voting Member State or Province /
Participant
Role Country
Jim VerShaw
Primary TX, USA
Trane U.S. Inc.
Stephen Wage
Primary NY, USA
UL Solutions
Bryan Adams Alternate to
PA, USA
National Comfort Products Jeff Bauman
Robert Berry Alternate to
MO, USA
Daikin Comfort Technologies Manufacturing, L.P. Rusty Tharp
Anthony Cacciotti Alternate to
NY, USA
Intertek Byron Horak
Laura Degitz Alternate to
CA, USA
Energy Solutions Aniruddh Roy
Darryl Denton Alternate to
TX, USA
Trane U.S. Inc. Jim VerShaw
Yinshan Feng Alternate to
KY, USA
GD Midea Air-Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd. Greg Thomas
Judd Jackson Alternate to
TX, USA
Trane Technologies Jim VerShaw
Andrew Larson Alternate to
MO, USA
Nortek Global HVAC LLC David Koesterer
Matt Lattanzi Alternate to
MO, USA
Nortek Global HVAC LLC David Koesterer
Brian McClintock Alternate to
VA, USA
Daikin Applied Americas Inc. Rusty Tharp
Aaron McCloud Alternate to
NC, USA
Trane U.S. Inc. Jim VerShaw
Kevin McFadden Alternate to
GA, USA
Daikin Comfort Technologies Manufacturing, L.P. Rusty Tharp
Claire Miziolek Alternate to
CA, USA
Energy Solutions Aniruddh Roy
Jeffrey Nichols Alternate to
KS, USA
Johnson Controls, Inc. Jeremy Smith
Patrick Riley Alternate to
IN, USA
Carrier Corporation Allen Kirkwood
Dominique Schaefer Pipps Alternate to
NC, USA
Trane U.S. Inc. Jim VerShaw
Terrell Small Alternate to
TX, USA
Mortex Products, Inc. Gary Patterson
Jeromy Snyder Alternate to
KY, USA
UL Solutions Stephen Wage
Tyler Stiles Alternate to
NY, USA
Intertek Byron Horak
Darren Warnecker Alternate to
PA, USA
Johnson Controls, Inc. Jeremy Smith
Hiroshi Yoh Alternate to
TX, USA
Daikin Industries Rusty Tharp
Austin Kim AHRI Staff Liaison

Unitary Small Equipment Standards Technical Committee Scope:

The Unitary Small Equipment (USE) Standards Technical Committee is responsible for the development and
maintenance of AHRI standards and guidelines pertaining to Unitary Air-conditioning and Air-source Heat Pump
Equipment, Mini-Split (1:1) Air-conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment, and Demand Response through Variable
Capacity HVAC Systems in Residential and Small Commercial Applications.

The following product types are out of scope for this STC: Packaged Terminal AC/HP, Commercial or Industrial
AC/HP, Furnaces, Variable Refrigerant Systems (VRF), Geothermal and Water Source HP, Single Package Vertical
Unit (SPVU), and Performance Rating of Zoning products.

For product definitions, refer to AHRI’s website.

Unitary Standards Subcommittee

Voting Member State or Province /

Participant
Role Country
Henry Ernst
Chair MN, USA
Company
Robert Brown
Primary IN, USA
WaterFurnace International, Inc.
Bradley Dunn
Primary PA, USA
United CoolAir Corp.
Dana Fischer
Primary GA, USA
Mitsubishi Electric Cooling & Heating
Armin Hauer
Primary CT, USA
ebm-papst Inc.
Jeffrey Kellow
Primary KY, USA
GE Appliances, a Haier Company
David Koesterer
Primary MO, USA
Nortek Global HVAC LLC
Lane Liudahl
Primary WI, USA
Trane U.S. Inc.
Sachin Nehete
Primary GA, USA
Rheem Sales Company, Inc.
Bruce Perkins
Primary TX, USA
Lennox International Inc.
Patrick Riley
Primary IN, USA
Carrier Corporation
Karl Best AHRI Staff Liaison

Unitary Standards Subcommittee Scope:

The scope of the Unitary Standards Subcommittee is standards and guidelines related to the end products that are part
of the AHRI Unitary Industry Sector. (The definition of and list of products associated with each sector are found on
AHRI’s website.)

These lists represent the membership at the time the Standards Technical Committee and Standards Subcommittee
were balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred.
Membership on these committees shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement by the committee members or
their employers of any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

SECTIONS

Section 1. Purpose .........................................................................................................................................................1

Section 2. Scope ............................................................................................................................................................1
Section 3. Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................1
Section 4. Test Requirements ........................................................................................................................................3
Section 5. Evaluation Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 4
Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Qualified Facilities..................................................................................8
Section 7. Conformance Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 10

FIGURES

Figure 1. Passive Pressure Drop Device ...................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 2. Example of Heater Box in Duct ................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3. Blank-off Plate with Nozzle Plug ................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 4. Nozzle with Leakage Nozzle Cap ................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 5. Heater Section .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 6. Exact ASHRAE Duct Configuration ............................................................................................................ 26
Figure 7. Sample of Relative Calibration Evaluation Data (Percent of Reading) ........................................................ 38
Figure 8. Sample of Absolute Calibration Evaluation Data ......................................................................................... 39

TABLES

Table 1. Test Requirements per Rating Standard ..........................................................................................................4

Table 2. Qualification Tolerance Limits per Reference Rating Standard ......................................................................7
Table 3. Facility Specifications .....................................................................................................................................8
Table 4. Passive Pressure Drop Device – Informative................................................................................................. 12
Table 5. Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Leakage Evaluation ................................................................................ 15
Table 6. Zero Load Test Points .................................................................................................................................... 18
Table 7. Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Test Points .............................................................................................. 19
Table 8. Sensible Heat Measurement Test Points ........................................................................................................ 20
Table 9. Mixing Efficiency Test Points ....................................................................................................................... 23
Table 10. Latent Heat Measurement Test .................................................................................................................... 25
Table 11. External Static Pressure Measurement Test Points ...................................................................................... 27
Table 12. Thermal Energy Storage Effect for CD ........................................................................................................ 28
Table 13 Sensible Heat Measurement Test Points ....................................................................................................... 34
Table 14. Prediction Interval to Determine Range of Acceptable Accuracy ............................................................... 37
 APPENDICES

Appendix A. References – Normative ......................................................................................................................... 11

Appendix B. References – Informative ....................................................................................................................... 12
Appendix C. Method of Testing Air-conditioning, Heating, or Refrigeration Unit Test Stands – Normative ............ 12
Appendix D. Data Acquisition – Normative................................................................................................................ 35
Appendix E. Instrumentation Calibration – Informative ............................................................................................. 36
Appendix F – Uncertainty Analysis – Informative ...................................................................................................... 40
 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

EVALUATION OF AIR-CONDITIONING AND HEATING

EQUIPMENT TEST STANDS

Section 1. Purpose

1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish for Test Stands: definitions; test requirements; rating
requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; nomenclature; and conformance conditions.

Section 2. Scope

2.1 Scope. This standard applies to Test Stands used for performance testing for the following equipment types:
1) Unitary Air-conditioning and Air-source Heat Pump Equipment within the scope of AHRI Standard
210/240.
2) Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment within the scope of
AHRI Standard 340/360.
3) Computer and Data Processing Room Air Conditioners within the scope of AHRI Standard 1360.
4) Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Multi-split Air-conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment within the
scope of AHRI Standard 1230.
5) Single Package Vertical Air-conditioners and Heat Pumps within the scope of AHRI Standard 390.
6) Packaged Terminal Air-conditioners and Heat Pumps within the scope of AHRI Standard 310/380.

2.2 Exclusions. Qualification procedures for water-cooled and evaporatively cooled equipment are not covered by
this standard.

Section 3. Definitions

All terms in this document follow the standard industry definitions in the ASHRAE Terminology website unless
otherwise defined in this section.

3.1 Airflow Measurement Apparatus. A device for determining the volume rate of air passing through the UUT.
Commonly referred to as “code tester” within the industry.

3.2 Air Side Capacity Measurement System. The equipment used to determine UUT capacity including inlet
psychrometric air properties, outlet psychrometric air properties, and the Air Flow Measurement Apparatus.

3.3 Baseline Test. A test conducted in accordance with a Reference Rating Standard on a Correlation Sample at a
Reference Test Stand.

3.4 Correlation Sample. A sample with documented performance data from a Reference Test Stand

3.5 Cyclic Test. A test where all or part of the system is turned on and off in a cycle.

3.6 Drain Trap. A plumbing drain fixture designed to retain a small amount of the draining water to seal the pipe
and prevent any gases from flowing through the pipe.

3.7 Electric Heat Box. Test apparatus used to supply a known quantity of heat to the air stream.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

3.8 Error. The difference between the true value of the quantity measured or calculated and the observed value.
All errors in experimental data can be classified as one of two types: systematic (fixed) errors or random
(precision) errors. The terms accuracy and precision are often used to distinguish between systematic and
random errors.

3.8.1 Fixed Error. See Systemic Error

3.8.2 Random Error. An error that causes readings to take random values on either side of a mean value. The
random error is quantified based on how well an instrument can reproduce subsequent readings for an
unchanging input. Random errors cannot be corrected through calibration.

3.8.3 Systematic Error. An error that persists and cannot be deemed as due entirely to chance. Systematic error can
be corrected through calibration

3.9 External Static Pressure Drop Verification. The percent difference between the exact coil only ASHRAE duct
configuration baseline pressure and the corresponding test measured value from either conventional or
alternative psychometric testing configuration divided by the corresponding test measured value from either
conventional or alternative psychometric testing configuration.

3.10 Heat Balance

3.10.1 Latent Heat Balance. The percent difference between the latent heat calculated from the measured condensate
flow rate and the measured psychrometric latent capacity, qlci.

3.10.2 Sensible Heat Balance. The percent difference between the measured psychrometric sensible heat and
measured electric heat added to the system.

3.11 Indoor Blower. The fan used to move air through the indoor side of the UUT.

3.12 Laboratory. The facility that houses the Test Stand(s).

3.13 Leakage Rate. The volume of air entering or leaving the Test Stand between the UUT outlet connection and
the Nozzle Plate location.

3.14 Measured Airflow Difference. The deviation between two different Air Flow Measurement Apparatus nozzle
size combination readings at the same airflow in CFM.

3.15 Nozzle Chamber. Apparatus containing the air flow measurement nozzles. Part of the Airflow Measurement
Apparatus.

3.16 Nozzle Plate. A plate designed to seal the cross-sectional area of a duct with nozzles attached to allow air to
pass through. Part of the Nozzle Chamber.

3.17 Passive Pressure Drop Device. A custom-built assembly, constructed without internal insulation, sealed to
prevent any external or internal air leakage, and sized to provide a designated external static pressure over a
range of airflow as shown in Appendix C.

3.18 Qualified Facility. A test laboratory that meets all of the requirements of the AHRI Standard 140.

3.19 Reference Rating Standard. The standard used to rate the UUT.

3.20 Reference Test Stand. A Test Stand that has been proven through data collection to provide baseline
measurements.

3.21 "Shall" or “shall not” and” should” or "should not”

3.21.1 “Shall” or “shall not”. Indicate mandatory requirements to strictly conform to the standard and where
deviation is not permitted.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

3.21.2 “Should” or “should not”. Express recommendations rather than requirements. In the negative form, a
recommendation is the expression that a suggested possible choice or course of action is not preferred but
not prohibited.

3.22 Test Stand. Facility constructed for the purpose of testing or developing ratings in accordance with a Reference
Rating Standard.

3.22.1 Indoor Room. A portion of the facility used to maintain a controlled environment for the indoor test rating
conditions in accordance with the Reference Rating Standard.

3.22.2 Outdoor Room. A portion of the facility used to maintain a controlled environment for the outdoor test rating
conditions in accordance with the Reference Rating Standard.

3.23 Test Type. A specific test within this standard to verify a particular function of the Test Stand. Test Types are
listed in Section 4.

3.24 Uncertainty. An estimated value for the error in a measurement or calculation, that can be the result of both
Systematic and Random Error.

3.25 Unit Under Test (UUT). The Correlation Sample used to validate the Test Stand. Each UUT is rated in
accordance with a Reference Rating Standard.

3.26 Validation. The process of evaluating if a system accomplishes its purpose or intent.

3.27 Verification. The process of determining if a Test Stand is built according to specifications provided in a design,
drawing, statement of work, or other document.

Section 4. Test Requirements

4.1 Test Requirements. All testing shall be conducted in accordance with the test methods and procedures as
described in this standard and its appendices. Each Test Stand is tested in accordance with the Reference Rating
Standard. Refer to Table 1 below for Test Types required per Reference Rating Standard. If the Test Stand is
not able to meet these criteria, adjustments shall be made to resolve the issue.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 1. Test Requirements per Rating Standard

AHRI Reference Rating Standard
AHRI 140 Test Procedure
210/240 340/360 1360 1230 390 310/380
Air Flow Measurement Apparatus
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Leakage
Zero Load ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Air Flow Measurement Apparatus ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Sensible Heat Measurement ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Mixing Efficiency ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Latent Heat Measurement ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
External Static Pressure
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Measurement
Thermal Energy Storage Effect for
■ - - - - -
CD Testing
Full System Psychrometric Round
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Robin Testing1
Note:

1. If only one test facility exists, correlate between multiple indoor rooms. Run a complete set of tests with
Room A and Room B. Then repeat the tests by swapping units between Room A and Room B. As an
alternative, if only one room exists completely disassemble and reassemble the setup at a different date. This
will show repeatability.

4.1.1 Data Acquisition. All test data shall be recorded in accordance with Appendix D.

4.1.2 Instrumentation Calibration. All measurement equipment should be calibrated in accordance with Appendix
E.

4.1.3 Uncertainty Analysis. An Uncertainty analysis shall be completed. An example is shown in Appendix F.

Section 5. Evaluation Requirements

5.1 Qualification Requirements. Each Test Stand shall be qualified as defined in Section 5 within the tolerances
shown in Table 2

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

5.2 Table 2.

5.2.1 Reference Rating Standard. Each Test Stand shall be qualified in accordance with at least one Reference
Rating Standard. Where more than one Reference Rating Standard applies, each Test Stand shall be qualified
separately for each Reference Rating Standard.

5.2.2 Validation Checks. Each Test Stand shall be qualified using the validation checks defined in this Section.

Ratings related to airflow measurement are provided for a specific Airflow Measurement Apparatus.

5.2.2.1 Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Leakage. Test Stand air flow leakage shall be verified for a given Nozzle
Chamber and ductwork configuration by measuring Leakage Rates at the following locations within the
measurement apparatus system:
1) Nozzle Plate
2) Airflow Measurement Apparatus, including all permanent ductwork components from
Nozzle Plate to UUT connection point.

Leakage Rates at each location are established at the target static pressure setpoints

5.2.2.2 Zero Load. Test Stand instrument induced error shall be verified for a given Nozzle Chamber across a range
of airflow by the following:
1) Sensible Error
2) Latent Error
3) Pressure Transducer Zero Error

These deviations are established by comparing the total sensible and latent heat input of the UUT to the
sensible and latent heat measured at a zero-load condition.

5.2.2.3 Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Verification. Test Stand air flow measurement shall be verified for a
given Nozzle Chamber across a range of its nozzle configurations. Airflow measurements are verified by
comparing two different Air Flow Measurement Apparatus nozzle size combinations at the same pressure
drop using the Passive Pressure Drop Device.

5.2.2.4 Sensible Heat Measurement. Test Stand sensible heat measurements shall be verified for a given Capacity
Measurement System by confirming Sensible Heat Balance.

Sensible Heat Balance is verified by comparing the total sensible heat input of the UUT to the sensible
heat measured at Minimum Airflow, Mean of Minimum and Maximum Airflow, and Maximum Airflow.

5.2.2.5 Mixing Efficiency. Test Stand Mixing Efficiency shall be verified by comparing the difference between the
maximum and minimum recorded temperatures on the outlet temperature grid with the difference between
the average outlet and average inlet temperatures.

5.2.2.6 Instrument Induced Humidity Ratio Verification. Instrument induced humidity ratio verification is the
measure of accuracy of the latent measurement equipment during sensible heat measurement tests where
no latent change is expected.

5.2.2.7 Latent Heat Measurement. Test Stand latent heat measurement shall be verified for a given Capacity
Measurement System by confirming the Latent Heat Balance.

Latent Heat Balance is verified by comparing the latent heat calculated from measured air properties
against the latent heat calculated from measured condensate draining from the indoor coil of the system.

5.2.2.8 External Static Pressure Measurement. Test Stand external static pressure measurement shall be verified
by comparing ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37 duct configurations to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 116 duct
configurations.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

5.2.2.9 Thermal Energy Storage Effect for CD Rating. Test Stand thermal energy storage effect shall be determined
for CD testing by cycling the heater in the Electric Heater Box. The result shall be used in accordance with
Section 9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 116.

5.2.2.10 Full System Psychrometric Round Robin Testing. Test Stand overall measurement accuracy shall be
verified by correlation testing with one or more Reference Test Stands

5.2.2.11 Large Unitary Sensible Heat Measurement. Sensible heat measurement specific to Large Unitary devices.

5.2.3 Test Stand Limits of Operation. Test Stand minimum and maximum operational limits, as defined in Table
3, shall be established at the standard rating conditions specified by the Reference Rating Standard.

5.2.4 Uncertainty of Measurement. Uncertainty for all measurements (such as capacity, power, efficiency, pressure
drop) shall be calculated.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 2. Qualification Tolerance Limits per Reference Rating Standard

Symbol Description Tolerance Reference Paragraph

Airflow Measurement Apparatus Leakage

Test 1: Nozzle Plate Final before nozzle
B4 C3.1.5
Leakage pressure ≥ -0.1 in H2O
< 1.0% of the minimum
Test 2: Overall System
Q2 airflow rate or 5 CFM C3.1.5
Leakage Rate
whichever is greater
Test 3: Overall System
Q3 >Q2 C3.1.5
Leakage Rate
Test 4: Overall System
Q4 < Q2 C3.1.5
Leakage Rate
Airflow Measurement
Measured Airflow
∆Qn 1.0% C3.3.5
Difference
Zero Load
Inlet/Outlet Air Greater of ± 0.03⁰F or
𝛥𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒 Temperature Calibrated Accuracy of C3.2
Difference Measurement Device
∆𝑃𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 Nozzle Delta Pressure 0 ± 0.01 in. wg C3.2
Test 3: External Static
𝑃0 0.01 in. wg C3.2
Pressure
Sensible Heat Measurement Rating
𝐵𝑆𝐻𝑛 Sensible Heat Balance ± 2.0% C3.4.5.1
Mixing Efficiency
ηmixing Mixing Efficiency 0 – 0.1 C3.5.2
Instrument Induced Humidity Ratio
Instrument Induced
ΔW ± 0.0002 C3.6.2.3
Humidity Ratio
Latent Heat Measurement Rating
𝐵𝐿𝐻 Latent Heat Balance 5.0% C3.7.5
External Static Pressure Measurement Rating
External Static
5.0% or 0.01 in wg
BST Pressure Drop C3.8.5.1
whichever is greater
Verification
Thermal Energy Storage Effect for CD Rating
Cyclic Capacity of the
mcpm(µ) 4.0 Btu/°F C3.9.5.3
Dry Coil
Full System Psychrometric Round Robin Rating
Sensible Capacity
∆qsci 2.0% C3.10.4.1
Difference
Latent Capacity
∆qlci 2.0% C3.10.4.2
Difference
Indoor Power
∆Ei 1.0% C3.10.4.3
Difference
Total Power
∆Et 1.0% C3.10.4.3
Difference
Uncertainty of Measurement
Minimum Cooling
- 5% -
Capacity
Minimum Heating
- 5% -
Capacity

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Symbol Description Tolerance Reference Paragraph

- Minimum Power 3% -
Maximum Cooling
- 3% -
Capacity
Maximum Heating
- 3% -
Capacity
- Maximum Power 3% -

Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Qualified Facilities

6.1 Minimum Data Requirements for Qualified Facilities. Table 3 provides minimum data requirements to publish
Test Stand qualification.
All claims to qualification within the scope of this standard shall include the statement “Qualified in accordance
with AHRI Standard 140 for performance testing in accordance with [Reference Rating Standard].”, where
“[Reference Rating Standard]” shall be replaced by the Reference Rating Standard used to rate the Test Stand in the
following format of [Publisher] [Number]-[Publication Year] [(units)] (for example: AHRI 210/240-2017 (I-P).

All claims to qualifications outside the scope of the standard shall include the statement “Outside the scope of AHRI
Standard ####.”

Table 3. Facility Specifications

Unit of AHRI Reference Rating Standard

Specification
Measure 210/240 340/360, 1360, 1230, 390, 310/380
General
Size – Maximum Available
for UUT
- - -
Indoor Room (height, width,
ft ■ ■
length)
Outdoor Room (height,
ft ■ ■
width, length)
Outdoor Ambient Design
Conditions
- - -
Dry Bulb Temperature °F ■ ■
Wet Bulb Temperature °F ■ ■
Fluids Available for Testing - ■ ■
Refrigerants Available for
- ■ ■
Testing
Electrical Connection(s)
- - -
Available
Maximum Single-Phase
kW ■ ■
Power
Maximum Three Phase
kW ■ ■
Power
Volts V ■ ■
Phase - ■ ■
Frequency Hz ■ ■
Off Mode Power Capable Y/N ■ ■

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Unit of AHRI Reference Rating Standard

Specification
Measure 210/240 340/360, 1360, 1230, 390, 310/380
Indoor Room - - -
Air Flow Range cfm ■ ■
UUT Static Pressure at Air
in H2O ■ ■
Flow
Dry Bulb Temperature Range °F ■ ■
Nominal Cooling Capacity
btu/h ■ ■
Range
Nominal Heating Capacity
btu/h ■ ■
Range
Max Humidification Rate lbs/hr ■ ■
Max Dehumidification Rate lbs/hr ■ ■
Outdoor Room - - -
Air Flow Range 1
cfm ■ ■
UUT Static Pressure at Air
in H2O ■ ■
Flow
Dry Bulb Temperature Range °F ■ ■
Nominal Cooling Capacity
btu/h ■ ■
Range
Nominal Heating Capacity
btu/h ■ ■
Range
Max Humidification Rate Lbs/hr ■ ■
Max Dehumidification Rate Lbs/hr ■ ■
Heat Pump Capable Y/N ■ ■
Cyclic Testing
Indoor Room - - -
Air Flow cfm ■ -
Fluid Flow gpm ■ -
Nominal Cooling Capacity btu/hr ■ -
Nominal Heating Capacity btu/hr ■ -
UUT Pressure at Fluid Flow Ft H2O ■ -
Outdoor Room - - -
Air Flow cfm ■ -
Fluid Flow gpm ■ -
Nominal Cooling Capacity btu/hr ■ -
Nominal Heating Capacity btu/hr ■ -
UUT Pressure at Fluid Flow Ft H2O ■ -
Uncertainty of Measurement (Confidence Interval of 95%)
Net Cooling Capacity btu/h ■ ■
Net Heating Capacity btu/h ■ ■
Power kW ■ ■
Notes:
1. If available.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Section 7. Conformance Conditions

7.1 Conformance. While conformance with this standard is voluntary, conformance shall not be claimed or implied
for Test Stands within the standard’s Purpose (Section 1) and Scope (Section 2) unless such claims meet all of
the requirements of the standard and all of the testing and qualification requirements are measured and reported
in complete compliance with the standard. Any Test Stand that has not met all the requirements of the standard
cannot reference, state, or acknowledge the standard in any written, oral, or electronic communication.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

APPENDIX A. REFERENCES – NORMATIVE

A1. Listed here are all standards, handbooks, and other publications essential to the formation and implementation of
the standards. All references in this appendix are considered as part of the standard.

A1.1. AHRI Standard 210/240-2017 (with Addendum 1), Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat
Pump Equipment, 2019, Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 2311 Wilson
Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201, U.S.A.

A1.2. AHRI 310/380-2017, Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps, 2017, Air
Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 2311 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington,
VA 22201, U.S.A.

A1.3. AHRI 340/360-2019, Performance Rating of Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-conditioning
and Heat Pump Equipment, 2019, Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 2311
Wilson Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201, U.S.A.

A1.4. AHRI 390-2021 (I-P), Single Package Vertical Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps, 2021, Air
Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 2311 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington,
VA 22201, U.S.A.

A1.5. AHRI 1230-2021 (I-P), Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Multi-split Air-conditioning and Heat
Pump Equipment, 2021, Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 2311 Wilson
Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201, U.S.A.

A1.6. AHRI 1360-2017, Computer and Data Processing Room Air Conditioners, 2017, Air Conditioning,
Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 2311 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201,
U.S.A.

A1.7. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37, 2009 Methods of Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-
Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment, 2009, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A.

A1.8. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 116, 2010 Methods of Testing for Rating Seasonal Efficiency of Unitary
Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, 2010, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A.

A1.9. ASHRAE Terminology. ASHRAE. Accessed November 18, 2021.

https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/free-resources/ashrae-terminology.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

APPENDIX B. REFERENCES – INFORMATIVE

B1. Listed here are standards, handbooks and other publications which may provide useful information and
background but are not considered essential. References in this appendix are not considered part of the
standard.

B1.1. ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals: 2017, ASHRAE,. 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree
Corners, GA 30092, U.S.A.

B1.2. ASME PTC 19.1-2013, Test Uncertainty, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two
Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA

APPENDIX C. METHOD OF TESTING AIR-

CONDITIONING, HEATING, OR REFRIGERATION UNIT
TEST STANDS – NORMATIVE
C1. Purpose. This appendix prescribes a method of testing for Test Stands.

C2. Devices for Verification.

C2.1. Passive Pressure Drop Device. Construct the assembly as detailed in Table 4 based on the Test
Stand minimum and maximum airflow. A graphical representation of a Passive Pressure Drop
Device is shown in Figure 1.

C2.2. Design of Restriction Plate. The restriction plate can be made with several different hole
combinations. Holes can be covered during testing to achieve required pressure drop.

Table 4. Passive Pressure Drop Device – Informative

Specification per Airflow (CFM) Range
Item
≥ 200 and ≤ 2,500 ≥ 1,000 and ≤ 5,000 ≥ 2,500 and ≤ 10,000 >8000 and <30,000
Cross Sectional Area 1 2.5 ft2 5 ft2 10 ft2 30 ft2
Length ≥ 4.74 ft ≥ 6.71 ft ≥ 9.49 ft ≥16.43 ft
Position of restriction Centered on length Centered on length Centered on length Centered on length
plate2,3
8 total, evenly spaced 8 total, evenly spaced 8 total, evenly spaced 8 total, evenly spaced
Position of pressure along length and centered along length and along length and centered along length and centered
measurement locations in cross sectional centered in cross in cross sectional in cross sectional
dimension sectional dimension dimension dimension
Notes:
1. Sized to allow only air velocity ≤ 1000 feet per minute through the open assembly.
2. More than one passive restriction plate may be required to meet pressure drop requirements.
3. Restriction shall be kept consistent throughout the testing.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Figure 1. Passive Pressure Drop Device

C2.3. Electric Heat Box. Shall be constructed with low thermal mass wire wound heater elements split
into two sections side by side. Each heater element shall have the capacity to provide a minimum
10°F increase in air temperature at maximum Test Stand airflow. Heater shall be positioned in duct
in such a way as be out of the line of sight of any sensors. See Figure 2. The Electric Heat Box shall
have all joints and seams taped or sealed (internally and externally as required) for all tests to
eliminate air from leaking past the heater.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Figure 2. Example of Heater Box in Duct

C3. Test Requirements. All Test Stand tests shall be conducted in accordance with the Reference Rating Standard.

C3.1. Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Leakage.

Selection of Equipment. The permanently installed Nozzle Chamber and associated

UUT connection ductwork and outlet sampling section shall be used to conduct the
test.

Setup. Specified leakage nozzle shall be sized to measure 1%- 2% of the minimum
air flow.

Procedure.

C3.1.3.1. Nozzle Plate Leakage.

• Cap all nozzles
• Cap end of duct at UUT connection
• Slowly run blower up to the target static pressure setpoint as described in
Table 5 – minimum 90 seconds duration
• Measure and record the target static pressure setpoint pressure and before
nozzle pressure at intervals no greater than 10 seconds as the blower is
ramped up.
• Hold blower speed at the target static pressure setpoint pressure and record
setpoint pressure and before nozzle pressure at intervals no greater than 10
seconds for an additional 90 seconds minimum.
• Final before nozzle pressure shall be less than the value specified in Table
2.

C3.1.3.2. Overall System Leakage.

• Cap nozzles except for specified leakage nozzle
• Cap end of duct at UUT connection

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

• Use nozzle, or insert a nozzle plug with a leakage nozzle to allow the CFM
to be measured. See Figure 3.
• If inlet side of the nozzles is not accessible, a cap with a leakage nozzle can
be used. See Figure 4
• Slowly run blower up to the target static pressure setpoint per Table 5 –
minimum 90 seconds duration
• Measure and record the target static pressure setpoint pressure and the
leakage airflow at intervals of no greater than 10 seconds.
• For an additional 90 seconds, measure flow rate through small nozzle.
• Overall system leakage as measured using the small nozzle shall be less
than value specified in Table 2.

Table 5. Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Leakage Evaluation2

Target Static Measurement
Test Measurement
Pressure Setpoint Location
- 4.0 in H20 in the
Nozzle Chamber Nozzle Plate Before Nozzle
1
after the Nozzle leakage Plate
Plate
- 1.0 in H20 in the
Nozzle Chamber Overall system Leakage Nozzle
2
before the Nozzle leakage1 Delta P
Plate
- 2.0 in H20 in the
Nozzle Chamber Overall system Leakage Nozzle
3
before the Nozzle leakage1 Delta P
Plate
- 0.5 in H20 in the
Nozzle Chamber Overall system Leakage Nozzle
4
before the Nozzle leakage1 Delta P
Plate
Notes:
1. Tests performed at the different prescribed pressure drops should
show different Leakage Rates if the system is setup correctly.
2. Leakage in any one of the tests will influence the others. Any
leakage remediation requires a retest of all.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Figure 3. Blank-off Plate with Nozzle Plug

Figure 4. Nozzle with Leakage Nozzle Cap

Recorded Data. Before nozzle, nozzle delta P, and airflow data shall be recorded for
this Test Type.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Data Analysis. Overall system leakage shall be compared to the Test Stand Minimum
Air Flow as shown in Equation 1.
𝑄𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑄𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∙ 0.01 1

Where:
Qmin = Test stand minimum airflow rate.
Qlmax = Maximum allowed leakage
Qn = Measured leakage airflow
n = Test points 2, 3, or 4 as defined in Table 5.

C3.2. Zero Load.

Selection of Equipment.

C3.2.1.1. The UUT and Electric Heater Box, or both are not required for
this test. However, if UUT and Electric Heater Box, or both are installed,
these shall be turned off and the UUT drain pan shall be dry.

Setup.

C3.2.2.1. Temperatures. Average inlet and outlet dry bulb and wet bulb
temperatures shall be measured.

Procedure. Only nozzle combinations approved through the Air Flow Measurement
Apparatus Verification shall be used in this test.

C3.2.3.1. Indoor Room Air. Inlet conditions shall be those specified by

the Reference Rating Standard for the full-load cooling standard rating
condition.

C3.2.3.2. Test Type. The Electric Heat Box power supply shall not be
energized.

C3.2.3.3. Test Conditions. The Test System shall be operated at the

following conditions shown in Table 6.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 6. Zero Load Test Points1

Test Target Airflow Electric Heat Box
Test Type
Condition Setpoint2 Setpoint3
1 Zero Load Zero Airflow4 OFF
2 Zero Load Test Stand Maximum OFF
3 Zero Load Test Stand Minimum OFF
Notes:
1. Each test shall be run over a minimum 5-minute period.
2. For each test, the Target Airflow shall be selected based on the Minimum and
Maximum airflow range.
a. Minimum target is (Test Stand Minimum up to 1.1 * Test Stand
Minimum)
b. Maximum target is (Test Stand Maximum down to 0.9 * Test Stand
Maximum)
3. If the Electric Heat Box is installed, it shall be turned off. For the duration of the
test, the entering and leaving Electric Heat Box temperatures shall be equal
within 0.03 °F or the calibrated sensor accuracy whichever is greater.
4. For zero load, zero airflow condition, verify the nozzle delta pressure, before
nozzle pressure, external static pressure, are all zero ± 0.01 H2O.

Recorded Data. Inlet and outlet dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, airflow, nozzle
delta pressure, before nozzle pressure, and external static pressure.

Data Analysis. Calculate the following for Tests 1 and 2.

C3.2.5.1. Difference Between Average Entering Air Temperatures and

Average Leaving Air Temperatures shall be compared as shown in
Equation 2.
∆𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑇1𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 − 𝑇2𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
Where:
T1 = Entering dry bulb or wet bulb temperature
T2 = Leaving dry bulb or wet bulb temperature 2

C3.3. Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Verification.

Selection of Equipment. A Passive Pressure Drop Device shall be used to conduct the
test.

Set up. Passive Pressure Drop Device shall be setup in the Test Stand as if it were a
UUT.

Procedure.

C3.3.3.1. Indoor Room Air. Inlet conditions shall be those specified by

the Reference Rating Standard for the full-load cooling standard rating
condition.

C3.3.3.2. Test Points. The Passive Pressure Drop Device shall be tested,
at the six (6) conditions, show in in Table 7, using the smallest and largest
nozzle combination at each target airflow and static pressure setpoint.
Each test shall be run over a minimum 5-minute period.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 7. Air Flow Measurement Apparatus Test Points

Target Airflow Target Static Nozzle
Test
Setpoint Pressure Setpoint4 Combination3
UUT Static Pressure A1
Test Stand
1 Drop at Minimum
Minimum ± 10% B2
Air Flow
UUT Static A
Test Stand
2 Pressure Drop at
Maximum ± 10% B2
Maximum Air Flow
Mean of Test Stand The UUT Static A1
3 Minimum and Pressure Drop at
B
Maximum ± 10% Mean Airflow
Notes:

1. A = Smallest available nozzle combination at the rated airflow.

2. B = Largest available nozzle combination at the rated airflow.
3. Additional combinations may be required to confirm all nozzles
have been verified.
4. UUT static pressure drop through the Passive Pressure Drop
Devices shall be within 0.2 to 3.6 in H2O.

Recorded Data. Pressure drop across the Passive Pressure Drop Device, inlet dry
bulb temperature, inlet humidity, inlet barometric pressure, air flow, nozzle delta
pressure, and the nozzle combination.

Data Analysis. Each test (1, 2, or 3) will produce a flow rate measurement for each
nozzle combination (A and B) that shall be compared as shown in Equation 3.

𝑄𝐴 − 𝑄B
∆𝑄𝑛 = [ ] ∙ 100
𝑄A + 𝑄B
2 𝑛
3

Where:

∆𝑄𝑛 = Deviation in average air flow rate between nozzle combination

A and nozzle
combination B in percent.
QA = Measured air flow rate from nozzle combination A.
QB = Measured air flow rate from nozzle combination B.
n = Test points 1, 2, or 3 as defined in Table 7.
A, B = Nozzle combinations as defined in Table 7.

C3.4. Sensible Heat Measurement.

Selection of Equipment. The UUT and Electric Heat Box can be installed for this test.

Setup. Setup shall match Zero Load testing.

Procedure. Only combinations approved through the Air Flow Measurement

Apparatus Verification shall be used in this test.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

C3.4.3.1. Indoor Room Air. Inlet conditions shall be maintained at 70⁰F

dry bulb ± 0.5⁰F and 60⁰F wet bulb ± 0.3⁰F.

C3.4.3.2. Electric Heat Box Air Temperature. Over the tested airflow
rates, the voltage to the Electric Heat Box shall be maintained in order to
maintain a stable differential temperature across the Electric Heat Box
between 10⁰F and 20⁰F.

C3.4.3.3. Sensible Heat Test.

C3.4.3.3.1. During this test, the UUT blower shall not be energized, and the Electric Heat Box
shall be energized. The heater shall be powered to a level that maintains the capacity to
meet the requirements of C3.4.3.2.

There shall be a minimum of nine grid thermocouples.

The temperature measured by each of the grid thermocouples shall meet the
requirements of Equation 4.

𝑇 = 𝑇𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 ± 0.75℉ 4

C3.4.3.4. Test Conditions. The UUT and Electric Heat Box shall be
operated, at the three (3) conditions shown in Table 8.

Table 8. Sensible Heat Measurement Test Points1,2

Test Electric Heat Box
Test Type Target Airflow Setpoint3,5
Condition Setpoint3
1 Test Stand Minimum BOTH SIDES ON
Mean of Test Stand Minimum and
2 Sensible Heat Test BOTH SIDES ON
Maximum
3 Test Stand Maximum4 BOTH SIDES ON
Notes:

1. Each test shall be run over a minimum 10-minute period.

2. Data scan rate shall no greater than 30 seconds.

3. For each test, the Target Airflow shall be selected based on the Test Stand Minimum and Maximum
airflow range.
a. Minimum target is (Test Stand Minimum up to 1.1 * Test Stand Minimum)
b. Maximum target is (Test Stand Maximum down to 0.9 * Test Stand Maximum)
c. Mean target is ((Test Stand Maximum – Test Minimum) / 2) +/- 10%
4. Electric Heat Box power supply shall have a maximum deviation of 100 W per 1000 SCFM measured.
5. The average airflow deviation shall be less than 1.0% or 5 SCFM of target value whichever is greater.

Recorded Data. Electric Heater Power, entering dry bulb temperature, leaving dry
bulb temperature, entering wet bulb temperature, leaving wet bulb temperature, total
capacity, sensible capacity, latent capacity, and airflow.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Data Analysis. Calculate the following for all tests.

C3.4.5.1. Sensible Heat Balance, BSH. Calculate using Equation 5 and

Equation 6.

𝑞𝑠𝑟𝑖 −𝑞𝑡ℎ𝑖
𝐵𝑆𝐻𝑛 = [ ] ∙ 100 5
𝑞𝑠𝑟𝑖 𝑛

Where:
n = Test condition.

qthi = Sensible heat as calculated in ASHRAE Standard 37 (7.3.4.1)

𝑞𝑠𝑟𝑖 = 𝐸ℎ ∙ 3.412

Where:
𝐸ℎ = Electric heat 6

C3.5. Mixing Efficiency

Selection of Equipment. The Electric Heat Box shall be constructed in such a way as
to allow one half of the flow to be heated, forcing a temperature differential to be
created side to side. See Figure 5.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Figure 5. Heater Section

Setup.

C3.5.2.1. Methodology. A temperature measurement grid consisting of

nine thermocouples evenly spaced across the cross-sectional area of the
flow and each producing individual temperature measurements shall be
placed at the inlet and outlet of the Electric Heat Box.

C3.5.2.2. Creation of Inlet Temperature Gradient. At the rated min, max

and mid airflow of the Airflow Measurement Apparatus , the electric
heater shall be turned on to create an inlet temperature gradient. The mean
temperature rise from the inlet to the outlet shall be between 10⁰F and
20⁰F. Each test shall be done three times. Once with the entire heater
turned on, once with the left side of the heater turned on, and once with
the right side of the heater turned on. See Table 9.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 9. Mixing Efficiency Test Points1

Test Electric Heat Box
Test Type Target Airflow Setpoint2
Condition Setpoint3
1 Both Sides ON
2 Rated Minimum Left Side ON
3 Right Side ON
4 Both Sides ON
Mixing Efficiency Heat
5 Mean of Rated Minimum and Maximum Left Side ON
Test
6 Right Side ON
7 Both Sides ON
4
8 Rated Maximum Left Side ON
9 Right Side ON
Notes:
1. Each test shall be run over a minimum 10-minute period.
2. For each test, the Target Airflow shall be selected based on the rated Minimum and Maximum airflow
range.
a. Minimum target is (Rated Minimum up to 1.1 * Rated Minimum)
b. Maximum target is (Rated Maximum down to 0.9 * Rated Maximum)
c. Mean target is ((Rated Maximum – Rated Minimum) / 2) +/- 10%
3. Electric Heat Box power supply shall have a maximum deviation of 100 W per 1000 SCFM measured.
4. Maximum airflow may be limited by the heating limit or airflow capacity of the electric heater rather
than the rated maximum airflow of the test unit.

Recorded Data. Electric Heater Power, inlet thermocouple grid, outlet thermocouple grid, entering
dry bulb temperature, leaving dry bulb temperature, entering wet bulb temperature, leaving wet bulb
temperature, total capacity, sensible capacity, latent capacity, and airflow.

Calculation of Mixing Efficiency. For each mixing test, calculate the efficiency as
shown in Equation 7. Verify the mixing efficiency is between 0 and 0.1.
∆𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝜂𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 7
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 −𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡

Where:

∆𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑇 − 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑇

𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑇𝐶 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑
𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑇𝐶 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

C3.6. Instrument Induced Humidity Ratio Verification.

Selection of Equipment. The UUT and Electric Heat Box can be installed for this test.

Setup.

C3.6.2.1. Methodology. Using the sensible heat test set up to verify the
accuracy of the latent measurement equipment at a zero latent load
condition.

C3.6.2.2. Calculation of Humidity Ratio. For each sensible heat capacity

test, the inlet and outlet humidity ratio shall be calculated.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

C3.6.2.3. Calculation of Humidity Ratio Deviation. For each sensible heat

capacity test, calculate the deviation as shown in Equation 8. Verify the
result is between ± 0.0002.

[∆𝑾]𝒏 = 𝑾𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑾𝒊𝒏 8

Where:

𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 = Outlet humidity ratio

𝑊𝑖𝑛 = Inlet humidity ratio
n = Test condition.

Informative Note: At an inlet condition of 70⁰F and outlet condition of 82⁰F and
1000 SCFM airflow at 1 atmosphere, a difference at either limit of the
tolerance indicates a wet bulb error of 0.19⁰F.

C3.7. Latent Heat Measurement.

Selection of Equipment. The cooling system of UUT(s) used to conduct the Sensible
Heat Measurement Test at the Test Stand shall be selected to operate at 80⁰F dry
bulb/67⁰F wet bulb.

Setup.

C3.7.2.1. Methodology. During cooling mode tests, the latent capacity

shall be determined from measurements of the condensate flow rate.

C3.7.2.2. Condensate Measurement. The required setup is to connect

tubing between the condensate drain on the indoor coil and a secondary
reservoir. A Drain Trap shall be used in the tubing between the outlet of
the condensate pan and the secondary reservoir. The secondary reservoir
shall be placed upon a scale capable of measuring weight to the nearest
0.01 lb or shall be a container capable of measuring volume to the nearest
0.2 oz.

Procedure. Only setups approved through the Air Flow Measurement Apparatus
Verification shall be used in this test.

C3.7.3.1. Test Points. The UUT shall be tested, at the two conditions,
shown in Table 10.

C3.7.3.2. Condensate Mass Flow Rate. The condensate mass flow rate
draining off of the indoor coil shall be measured for three consecutive
periods for each test.

C3.7.3.2.1. Measurement. At a minimum, measure the weight or volume at the beginning and
at the end of each individual test (± 10 seconds). Calculate the difference and divide it by
the total time to obtain the condensate mass flow rate in lbs/hr.

C3.7.3.2.2. Stability Criteria. Single test condensate mass flow rate shall be with ± 6% of the
mean of all three consecutive periods for each test.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 10. Latent Heat Measurement Test1

Test Test Stand UUT Blower
Test Condition
Condition Operational Condition Speed

Full-load cooling
Mean of Minimum and
Lowest setting at standard rating
1 Maximum total
test condition. condition Reference
capacity ± 25%
Rating Standard
Notes:
1. Thetest shall be run over three (3) consecutive minimum 10-minute
periods.

Recorded Data. Entering and leaving dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, air flow
rate, and condensate flow rate shall be recorded.

Data Analysis.

C3.7.5.1. Latent Heat Balance. Calculate the Latent Heat Balance based
on the measured condensate flow rate, 𝑤𝑐 and measured latent capacity,
𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖 using Equation 9:

𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑐 − 𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖
𝐵𝐿𝐻 𝑛 = [ ] ∙ 100 9
𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑐 𝑛

Where:

n = Test condition.
𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑐 = 1061 · 𝑤𝑐

C3.8. External Static Pressure Measurement.

Selection of Equipment. A Passive Pressure Drop Device shall be used to conduct the
test in accordance with Section C2.1.

Setup. Passive Pressure Drop Device shall be setup in the Test Stand as if it were a
UUT in the following duct configurations:

C3.8.2.1. Exact ASHRAE Duct Configuration Baseline Test. The Passive

Pressure Drop Device shall be set up with an entering (coil only) and
leaving duct with the dimensions outlined in Figure 6 as described in
ANSI/ASHRAE 37 - 2005. The entering duct shall have free flow of air
and shall not be on top of an Inlet Duct System employed for Cyclic
Testing.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Figure 6. Exact ASHRAE Duct Configuration

C3.8.2.2. Actual Psychrometric Testing Configuration. This testing shall

utilize the Inlet Duct System and methods such as pressure skirt with four
manifolded pressure taps on top of the damper and entering ASHRAE
duct. that the Laboratory Facility utilizes for measuring inlet air pressure,
temperature, and humidity to the Passive Pressure Drop Device. The
outlet duct between the upper damper and the outlet of the Passive
Pressure Drop Device shall be whatever conventional configuration that
will be utilized by the test facility for certification testing. Any alternate
configuration the Test Stand employs to measure these systems shall be
tested to validate against the setup in Section C3.8.2.1.

Procedure. Only combinations approved through the Air Flow Measurement

Apparatus Verification shall be used in this test.

C3.8.3.1. Indoor Room Air. Inlet conditions shall be those specified by

the Reference Rating Standard for the full-load cooling standard rating
condition.

C3.8.3.2. Test Points. The Passive Pressure Drop Device shall be tested
at the six conditions shown in Table 11. The three additional points
specified in Test 3 shall be run if needed to qualify the Alternative
Psychrometric Testing Configuration.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 11. External Static Pressure Measurement Test Points1

Test Duct Configuration Target Airflow Setpoint2,3

Rated Minimum
Exact Coil Only ASHRAE Duct
1 Mean of Rated Minimum and Maximum
Configuration Baseline Test
Rated Maximum
Rated Minimum
Actual Psychrometric Testing
2 Mean of Rated Minimum and Maximum
Configuration
Rated Maximum
Rated Minimum
Alternative Psychrometric Testing
3 Mean of Rated Minimum and Maximum
Configuration (Optional)
Rated Maximum
Notes:
1. Each test shall be run over a minimum 10-minute period.
2. For each test, the Target Airflow shall be selected based on the rated Minimum and
Maximum airflow range.
a. Minimum target is (Rated Minimum up to 1.1 * Rated Minimum)
b. Maximum target is (Rated Maximum down to 0.9 * Rated Maximum)
c. Mean target is ((Rated Maximum – Rated Minimum) / 2) ± 10%
3. Record pressure drop across the pressure box for all tests.

Recorded Data. Air flow rate and static pressure drop shall be recorded.

Data Analysis.

C3.8.5.1. External Static Pressure Drop Verification. For each test in

Table 11, 𝐵𝑆𝑇𝑛 shall be calculated using Equation 10:

∆𝑃𝑠𝑡𝐸 − ∆𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑀
𝐵𝑆𝑇 = [ ] ∙ 100 10
∆𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑀 𝑛

Where:

∆𝑃𝑠𝑡𝐸 = Exact Coil Only ASHRAE Duct Configuration

Baseline Test
∆𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑀 =Equivalent Test measured value from either
Conventional or Alternative Psychometric Testing
Configuration

C3.9. Thermal Energy Storage Effect for CD.

Selection of Equipment. The UUT and Electric Heat Box shall match those used in
the Sensible Heat Measurement testing (Section C3.4).

Setup. Test setup shall match the requirements of Section C3.4 testing with the
following additional requirements.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

C3.9.2.1. Large Thermal Mass Temperature. At least three

thermocouples shall be attached through solder method (per
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1 Section 7.2.10) or mechanically to each
potential large thermal mass between the outlet of the Electric Heat Box
and the grid of thermocouples specified in Section C2.2.2.1. Individual
thermocouples shall be averaged, or thermocouples shall be connected in
parallel. Thermocouples shall be mounted on the downstream side of the
thermal mass and insulated. The thermocouples must be out of line of
sight of Electric Heat Box.

Procedure.

C3.9.3.1. Indoor Blower Off. The Indoor Blower motor shall be left
unpowered.

C3.9.3.2. Indoor Room Air. Inlet conditions shall be 70⁰F dry bulb.

C3.9.3.3. Large Thermal Mass Temperature. The mean thermocouple

temperature of the largest thermal mass in the test facility shall be
recorded for the duration of the ten-minute ON time of each Cycle Test.

C3.9.3.4. Test Types.

C3.9.3.4.1. Radiant Heat Affect. To confirm that the leaving thermocouple grid is not affected
by the radiant heat coming from the heater element, conduct a ten-minute test comparing
the leaving thermocouple grid and the outlet RTD. If the thermocouple grid is greater than
the RTD by more than 0.75⁰F, then shield the thermocouple grid to prevent radiant heat
affect.

C3.9.3.4.2. Cyclic. During the test the Electric Heat Box is cycled a minimum of four on and
off cycles as defined in Table 12.

Table 12. Thermal Energy Storage Effect for CD

Test Electric Heat Box
Test Type Target Airflow Setpoint2
Condition Setpoint3
1 Radiant Heat Affect1 Rated Minimum ON4
2 Rated Minimum
3 Cyclic Mean of Rated Minimum and Maximum ON/OFF5
4 Rated Maximum
Notes:
1. Test shall be run over a minimum 10-minute period.
2. For each test, the Target Airflow shall be selected based on the rated Minimum and Maximum
airflow range.
a. Minimum target is (Rated Minimum up to 1.1 * Rated Minimum)
b. Maximum target is (Rated Maximum down to 0.9 * Rated Maximum)
c. Mean target is ((Rated Maximum – Rated Minimum) / 2) ± 10%
3. Electric Heat Box power supply shall be maintained to ± 0.1kW per 1000 SCFM measured.
4. Maintain a differential temperature between 10⁰F and 20⁰F across the Electric Heat Box.
5. Electric Heat Box shall be cycled ON for 10 minutes (± 2 seconds) then OFF for 10 minutes
(± 2 seconds). Four (4) ON/OFF cycles shall constitute a complete test. Total watts for all
cycles shall not vary by more than 10 watts from the average of tests 2, 3, and 4.

Recorded Data. The entering and leaving air dry bulb temperatures, air flow rate, the
electric heater power, and the thermal mass thermocouple temperatures.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Data Analysis. This test is measuring qcyc,h, qcyc,hoff, and qts to determine the mcpm term.

C3.9.5.1. Cyclic Thermal Storage Capacity Correction (q ts). The test is

performed with the Electric Heat Box as the source of capacity that is
assumed to be instantly ON, therefore, the OFF cycle integrated capacity
(qcyc,hoff) is the measure of heat storage in the thermal mass as shown in
Equation 11.

𝑞𝑡𝑠 = 𝑞𝑐𝑦𝑐,ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑓 11

C3.9.5.2. Thermal Storage Potential (𝛤𝑚 ). The integrated change in

temperature of the thermal mass (thermal storage potential), for the
duration of each ON cycle shall be calculated as shown in Equation 12.

𝜃2
𝛤𝑚 = ∫ [𝑡𝑚 (𝜃)]𝑑𝜃
𝜃1
12

Where:
𝜃1,2 = Test time from the start (𝜃1 ) to the stop (𝜃2 ) of each
ON cycle

Integrated change in temperature (thermal storage potential) for the ON portion of each of
the last three cycles shall not vary by more than 0.3°F using the average of the last three
cycles.

C3.9.5.3. Record the integrated cyclic single or multiple thermocouple

average temperature, representative of the bulk temperature of the largest
thermal mass of the test equipment.

C3.9.5.4. Determine mcpm for each cycle as shown in Equation 13.

mcpm = qcyc,hoff / [tm(0) – tm(ΘI)] 13

Report the mean of mcpm for all cycles, use last three cycles for
calculation of Equation 14.

mcpm(µ) = ∑mcpm / 3 14

If mcpm(µ) ≤ 4.0 Btu/°F, no adjustments to cyclic data is required.

If mcpm(µ) > 4.0 Btu/°F, thermocouples shall remain on the device with the greatest thermal
energy storage effect and adjustment made to all Cyclic Test Stand tests as per the
following.

C3.9.5.4.1. Cooling—Cyclic. Equation 15, Equation 16, Equation 17, Equation 18, Equation
19, Equation 20, Equation 21, and Equation 22 shall be used to determine the cyclic
cooling capacity for a dry coil:

q′cyc = 60Q mi cpa г/[v′n (1 + Wn )] 15

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Where Qmi, cpa, vn, and Wa shall be

determined from a steady-state test at the
same ambient conditions as for the Cyclic
Test.

Θt

г = ∫ [𝑡𝑎1 (𝜃) − 𝑡𝑎2 (𝜃)] 𝑑𝜃

0
16

Where t is the length of the integration time

within a cycle as defined in specific test
procedures such as AHRI Standard 210/240.

To correct q′cyc for thermal storage effects

the following equations shall be used:

qcyc = q′cyc + qts 17

𝑞𝑡𝑠 = 𝑚𝑐𝑝𝑚 [𝑡𝑚 (0) − 𝑡𝑚 (𝛩𝑡 )] 18

where tm(0) is the temperature of the thermal storage device at the beginning
of the cycle ON period and tm(t) is the temperature at the end of time I.

For units without an indoor fan, qcyc shall have a fan correction. The fan
correction shall be for a period for I, whose definition source is indicated
above. The fan-corrected qcyc shall be the correct capacity value to be used
with the Cyclic Test.

The cyclic energy-efficiency ratio shall be determined by EERcyc = qcyc/Ecyc,

where Ecyc is the total electric energy used during a test cycle consisting of
one compressor ON period and one compressor OFF period. The electrical
energy used by the indoor fan shall be measured for the integration time t
as defined in specific test procedures. For units without indoor fans, a fan
correction must be made to the electrical energy used as defined in specific
test procedures.

The cooling load factor shall be determined by Equation 21.

𝐶𝐿𝐹 = 𝑞𝑐𝑦𝑐 /(𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 ∙ 𝛩𝑐𝑦𝑐 ) 19

Where:
q· tci
= the total dry-coil cooling capacity from a steady-state dry-coil test.
The degradation coefficient for cooling cyclic operation shall be determined
by

EERss = energy-efficiency ratio from a steady-state dry-coil test. 20

C3.9.5.4.2. Heating, Steady-State. The total heating capacity based on indoor-side data shall
be calculated as showing in Equation 23

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

𝑞𝑡ℎ𝑖 = 60𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑐𝑝𝑎 (𝑡𝑎2 − 𝑡𝑎1 )/[𝑣′𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )] 21

The steady-state coefficient of performance shall be determined by

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑠𝑠 = 𝑞𝑡ℎ𝑖 /(3.413Ė𝑡 ) 22

These relationships shall be used for the low-temperature test and the high-
temperature test or tests in the case of two-speed, two-compressor, or
variable-speed units. For units without an indoor fan, both the capacity and
power shall be corrected as defined in specific test procedures.

Informative Note: During the heat on cycle, the thermal mass, the mixer, will take on
heat. This heat is not measured by the thermocouple grid causing a higher C D.
During the no-heat cycle, the thermal mass will give off heat. This procedure
is used to create an estimate of this effect.

C3.10. Full System Psychrometric Round Robin Test.

Selection of Equipment. In order to qualify the Test Stand for both cooling and
heating, a UUT that operates in cooling and heating shall be selected within the scope
of the Reference Rating Standard and within the cooling and heating capacity
limitations of the Test Stand.

Informative Note: Each lab should select a unit that best meets that lab’s
individual needs. Selecting a single unit and testing it in multiple rooms
will provide the most useful data for trend analysis and correlation
between rooms, but little information about the lab’s operating range.
Selecting different units of different capacities can provide useful data
across the lab’s operating range, but little data for trend analysis or
correlation.

Setup.

C3.10.2.1. Test System Preparation/Charge. The UUT shall be charged

using the same method and to the same amount within the tolerances
defined in the Reference Rating Standard in compliance with the
manufacturer’s installation instructions requirements and the system state
points defined below, whichever is more stringent.

5 psig for any high-side pressure

2 psig for any low-side pressure

1°F superheat at charging location (for piston expansion systems)

1°F subcooling at charging location (for expansion valve systems)

C3.10.2.2. Secondary Capacity Check Type. For Split Systems, the

refrigerant enthalpy method as outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37
Section 7.5 shall be used for the secondary Heat Balance.

For Single Package Units, the outdoor air enthalpy method as outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 37 Section 7.3 shall be used for the secondary Heat Balance.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

If outdoor air enthalpy will be utilized for a split system, then outdoor air enthalpy method
equipment shall be verified simultaneously.

Procedure. Only nozzle combinations approved through the Air Flow Measurement
Apparatus Verification shall be used in this test.

C3.10.3.1. Cyclic Testing. When required, Cyclic Testing shall be

conducted using the same time delays as used during the Baseline Test
and shall use the mcpm determined in Section C3.7.

C3.10.3.2. Test Types. Conduct required tests based on the Correlation

Sample type and Reference Standard selected.

Data Analysis. Each Test Type will produce a sensible capacity, latent capacity, and
power measurement.

C3.10.4.1. Sensible Capacity Difference. Sensible capacity shall be

compared using Equation 23.

𝑞̅𝑠𝑐𝑖 − 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖
∆𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 = ∙ 100
𝑞̅𝑠𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖
2
23
Where:

𝑞̅𝑠𝑐𝑖 = Average sensible capacity of all round robin test

results of the same UUT at the same test condition.
𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 = sensible capacity

C3.10.4.2. Latent Capacity Difference. Latent capacity shall be compared

using Equation 24.

𝑞̅𝑙𝑐𝑖 − 𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖
∆𝑞𝑖𝑐𝑖 = ∙ 100
𝑞̅𝑙𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖
2
24

Where:

𝑞̅𝑙𝑐𝑖 = Average latent capacity of all round robin test results of the
same UUT at the same test condition.

𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖 = latent capacity

C3.10.4.3. Power Difference. Measured power shall be compared using

Equation 25.

𝐸̅𝑖 − 𝐸𝑖
∆𝐸𝑖 = ∙ 100
𝐸̅𝑖 + 𝐸𝑖
2
25

32
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Where:

𝐸̅𝑖 = Average power of all round robin test results of the same UUT
at the same test condition.
𝐸𝑖 = power

C3.11. Alternative Sensible Heat Measurement.

Selection of Equipment. The UUT and Electric Heat Box shall match those used in
the Zero Load testing. This alternative sensible heat measurement shall be used when
evaluating systems greater than 5 tons and the Electric Heat Box cannot meet full
capacity range. A cooling sample shall be used simultaneously with the Electric Heat
Box to allow the air flow to be cooled and then partially reheated to measure sensible
heat accuracy. The Heat Box shall be able to provide heating of at least 10% of the
cooling capacity of the cooling sample. An ASHRAE duct shall not be required to
perform this test.

Setup. Setup shall match the Zero Load Test with the addition of the cooling sample
and the ability to measure power supplied to the Electric Heat Box separately from
the power supplied to the cooling sample.

Procedure. Only nozzle combinations approved through the Air Flow Measurement
Apparatus Verification shall be used in this test.

C3.11.3.1. Indoor Room Air. Inlet conditions shall be those specified by

the Reference Rating Standard for the full-load heating standard rating
condition.

C3.11.3.2. Electric Heat Box Air Temperature. Over the tested airflow
rates, the voltage to the Electric Heat Box shall be controlled in order to
maintain a stable power output from the Electric Heat Box.

C3.11.3.3. Test Types.

C3.11.3.3.1. Cooling Full Load. During this test, the sample cooling unit shall be run at its low,
medium and high-speed settings with the Electric Heat Box 100% on and 100% off. See
Table 13.

C3.11.3.3.2. Mixing Efficiency. During this test, the cooling sample shall be run at its rated
minimum airflow with the cooling turned off and the Electric Heater turned 100% ON
with the Left Side Only, the Right Side only, and the entire heater.

Any of the nine grid thermocouples shall conform to the uniform flow tolerance
calculated by equation 26:

𝑇 = 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑔 ± 0.75°𝐹 26

Test Conditions. The UUT and Electric Heat Box shall be operated, at the nine
conditions shown in Table 13

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 13 Sensible Heat Measurement Test Points1

Test Electric Heat Box
Test Type Target Airflow Setpoint2
Condition Setpoint3,4
1 Cooling Sample Low Speed 100% ON
2 Cooling Sample Low Speed 100% OFF
3 Cooling Sample Medium Speed 100% ON
Cooling Full Load
4 Cooling Sample Medium Speed 100% OFF
5 Cooling Sample High Speed 100% ON
6 Cooling Sample High Speed 100% OFF
100% ON Left Side
7 Cooling Off Rated Minimum Airflow
Only
Mixing Efficiency 100% ON Right Side
8 Cooling Off Rated Minimum Airflow
Only
9 Cooling Off Rated Minimum Airflow 100% Entire Heater
Notes:
1. Each test shall be run over a minimum 10-minute period.
2. For each test, the Target Airflow shall be selected based on the rated Minimum and Maximum airflow
range.
a. Minimum target is (Rated Minimum up to 1.1 * Rated Minimum)
b. Maximum target is (Rated Maximum down to 0.9 * Rated Maximum)
c. Mean target is ((Rated Maximum – Rated Minimum) / 2) ± 10%
3. Electric Heat Box power supply shall have a maximum deviation of 100 W per 1000 SCFM measured.

4. Temperature measurements shall be taken with the heater turned on and the heater turned off. The
sensible heat difference shall be calculated and compared to the heater input.

Recorded Data. Refer to C3.4.4 for test conditions 1-6. Refer to 3.5.1 for test
conditions 7-9.

Data Analysis. Calculate the following for all tests.

C3.11.6.1. Sensible Heat Balance, BSH. Calculate test conditions 1-6 in

accordance with Section C3.4.5 for each test.

C3.11.6.2. Mixing Efficiency. Calculate test conditions 7-9 in accordance

with Section C3.5.2 for each test.

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

APPENDIX D. DATA ACQUISITION – NORMATIVE

D1. Purpose. This appendix prescribes requirements for data acquisition to allow substantive confirmation of
accurate repeatable testing.

D2. Requirements. All Test Stand tests shall be conducted in accordance with the Reference Rating Standard.

D2.1. Time Period. Steady-state operating conditions and performance shall be maintained for a minimum
test period of 30 minutes, such that measurement parameters and test results are within both the
operating condition tolerances and test tolerances set forth in the Reference Rating Standard.

D2.2. Simultaneous Measurement. All measurements should be taken simultaneously. Software or other
recording methods shall be used to capture time-stamped data points over the duration of the test
time period.

D2.3. Sampling Rate. A minimum of 30 data point measurements shall be collected and recorded for each
parameter at uniform time intervals. Intervals between time stamps shall not vary more than ± 5%
from the average time interval for all data points.

D2.4. Measured Values. Measurement values including temperature, pressure, flow, and power shall be
calculated as the mean of all measured data over the test time period.

D2.5. Test Results. Test results including capacity, efficiency, and pressure drop shall be calculated using
the Measured Values.

D2.6. Period on Conditions. All tests shall be on conditions for 30 minutes prior to starting data interval.

35
 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

APPENDIX E. INSTRUMENTATION CALIBRATION –

INFORMATIVE
E1. Purpose. This appendix prescribes requirements for instrument calibration to allow substantive
confirmation of accurate repeatable testing.

E2. Requirements. All Test Stand tests should be conducted with calibrated instrumentation in accordance with
the Reference Rating Standard.

E2.1. Calibrated Systems. Data acquisition systems should be either calibrated as a system, or all
individual component calibrations should be documented in a manner that demonstrates the
measurement system meets the accuracy requirements specified in the Reference Rating Standard.

E2.2. Minimum Calibrated Points. Calibrations should include no less than four points compared to a
calibration standard. Calibration standards should be traceable to NIST or laboratories that
participate in inter-laboratory audits.

E2.3. Calibrated Range. All instruments and measurement systems should be calibrated over a range
that meets or exceeds the range of Test Stand data acquisition. For each instrument device in a
measurement system, the calibration process should identify the range where the Reference Rating
Standard required accuracy can be achieved. All measurements should be taken within the
calibrated range for each instrument device measurement. For a given type of measurement,
multiple instruments may be required to cover a wide range of testing conditions for a given Test
Stand.

To determine the calibrated range a linear regression analysis should be performed on the
calibration data.

E2.3.1. Linear Regression Analysis. To complete this analysis, calibration data is plotted to show
the residual errors versus the calibration reference standard. The standard error of
estimate should be calculated for the measurement system indicated values (post
calibration) versus the calibration reference standard, then using Equation 27 plot a 95%
prediction interval (α=5%) on both sides of the curve fit. The point(s) where the
prediction interval curve exceeds the required accuracy should be the limit(s) of the
range. Table 14 and Equation 28, Equation 29, Equation 30, Equation 31, Equation 32,
and Equation 33 explain the method of calculating the prediction interval. See example
using sample data in Figure 7 and Figure 8, where the specified accuracy is ±1% of
reading, and the useable range is from 100 to 13.4, or Turn Down Ratio of 7.5:1.

E2.4. Electrical Measurements. Accuracy of electrical measurements should include all devices in the
measurement system such as power meter or power analyzer, potential transformers, current
transformers, and data acquisition signals. UUT that utilize power-altering equipment, such as
variable frequency drive or inverter, may require appropriate isolation and precautions to confirm
that accurate power measurements are obtained. UUT that utilize power-altering equipment may
require the use of instrumentation that is capable of accurately measuring signals containing high
frequency and high crest factors, or both. In these cases, the instrumentation used should have
bandwidth and crest factor specifications, or both to confirm the electrical power input
measurement errors are within the accuracy requirements of the Reference Rating Standard for the
quantity measured.

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__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Table 14. Prediction Interval to Determine

Range of Acceptable Accuracy
Corrected
Reference (As Left) Absolute Relative
Standard Indicated Prediction Prediction
Value 1 Value 2 Interval Interval
yj xj of Indicated Value of Indicated Value
j=1 to n j=1 to n %RDG

x1 − ŷ ± PI(x1 )
𝑦1 x1 x1 − ŷ ± PI(x1 )
𝑥1

x1 − ŷ ± PI(x2 )
Calibration Data

𝑦2 x2 x2 − ŷ ± PI(x2 )
x2

x1 − ŷ ± PI(x3 )
𝑦3 x3 x3 − ŷ ± PI(x3 )
x3

x1 − ŷ ± PI(xn )
𝑦n xn xn − ŷ ± PI(xn )
x𝑛

continuous curve
continuous curve
x̂ − ŷ ± PI(x̂ )
Regression

𝑥̅ sε
Statistics

x̂ − ŷ ± PI(x̂ )
SSx varying x̂ from x̂
varying x̂ from
min to max
min to max
values of xj
values of xj

Notes:
1. Reference Standard Value is the actual value determined or measured by the calibration standard.
2. Corrected Indicated Value is the value of the measured quantity given directly by a measuring system on
the basis of its calibration curve (“as left” when the calibration process has been completed, not “as found”
at the beginning of the calibration process).

1 (x̂ − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑃𝐼(x̂) = 𝑠𝜀 ∙ 𝑡𝛼.𝑛−2 ∙ √1 + +
2 𝑛 𝑆𝑆𝑥
27
n
1
x̅ = ∑(xj )
n
j=1
28
𝑛

𝑆𝑆𝑥 = ∑(𝑥𝑗 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑗=1
29

37
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

∑𝑛𝑗=1(𝑦𝑗 − 𝑚𝑥𝑗 − 𝑐)2

𝑆𝜀 = √
𝑛−2
30

𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑥𝑗 𝑦𝑗 − ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑥𝑗 ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑦𝑗

𝑚=
𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑗=1(𝑥𝑗 )2 − (∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑥𝑗 )2
31

∑𝑛𝑗=1(𝑥𝑗 )2 ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑦𝑗 − ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑥𝑗 ∑𝑛𝑗=1(𝑥𝑗 𝑦𝑗 )

𝑐=
𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑗=1(𝑥𝑗 )2 − (∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑥𝑗 )2
32

ŷ = m ∙ x̂ + c
33

Figure 7. Sample of Relative Calibration Evaluation Data (Percent of Reading)

38
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

Figure 8. Sample of Absolute Calibration Evaluation Data

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 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

APPENDIX F – UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS –

INFORMATIVE
F1. Purpose. This appendix provides an example for performing an Uncertainty analysis.

F2. Methodology.

F2.1. Goal. Uncertainty analysis (referred to as error analysis) is outlined in ASME 19.1. The goal of
the Uncertainty analysis is to bound the reported test results such that the true values lie within the
specified range with 95% confidence. The Uncertainty of the reported results is found by
propagation of error sources in the measurement system.

F2.2. Overall Uncertainty. The error analysis applied in this standard is intended for steady state
measurements taken from a single system over a period long enough to encompass all system
variations. The first step is to assign the Uncertainty in each of the measured variables as shown in
Equation 34:

𝑈𝑥 = √𝐵𝑥2 + (𝑡𝑆𝑥 )2
34

Where:

𝑈𝑥 =overall Uncertainty in measured variable x

𝐵𝑥 =sum of the Systematic Errors associated with variable x
𝑆𝑥 =standard deviation of the measurements of variable x
t =t-value from statistical reference at the 95% confidence level for the degrees of
freedom
F2.3. Systematic Error. Errors associated with measured variables are those that do not vary randomly
during operation of the facility. An example is errors introduced during calibration of the
instrumentation. Comparison against a known standard using the instrument in combination with
the data acquisition system is the best way to estimate Fixed Errors. If this type of calibration is
not viable, the manufacturer’s specifications of Uncertainty on instruments and data acquisition
system shall be used at a minimum. The total Fixed Error is estimated from its individual
contributors as shown in Equation 35,

2
𝐵𝑥2 = ∑𝐵𝑥,𝑗
35

F2.4. Mean and Standard Deviation. A sequence of measurements made over time of a particular
quantity often exhibit random variations or Random Errors. The standard deviation in Equation 36
is a measure of the magnitude of the Random Error and is most meaningful if data is collected on
a time scale longer than any naturally occurring variations in the system. The average and standard
deviation for each measured variable is calculated by Equation 36 and Equation 37.

𝐽
1
𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑥𝑗
𝐽
𝑗=1
36

40
 __________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

𝐽 1⁄2
1 2
𝑆𝑥̅ = [ ∑(𝑥𝑗 − 𝑥̅ ) ]
𝐽−1
𝑗=1
37

where 𝑥𝑗 are the individual measurements made of variable x over time.

F2.5. Overall Uncertainty of Y. Quantities of interest are computed from the measured variables as
shown in Equation 38,

𝑌 = 𝑌(𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑖 ) where 𝑋 = 𝑥̅
38

The Uncertainty in the computed quantity Y can be estimated as shown in Equation 39 from where
the partial derivatives represent the sensitivities of the computed quantity Y to variations in the
individual (averaged) measurements X_i.

2 2 2 2 1⁄2
𝜕𝑌 𝜕𝑌 𝜕𝑌 𝜕𝑌
𝑈𝑌 = [( 𝑈𝑋1 ) + ( 𝑈𝑋2 ) + ⋯ + ( 𝑈𝑋𝑖 ) + ⋯ + ( 𝑈𝑋𝑀 ) ]
𝜕𝑋1 𝜕𝑋2 𝜕𝑋𝑖 𝜕𝑋𝑀
39
𝜕𝑌
In the following equations, partial derivatives are represented as = 𝜃𝑋𝑖
𝜕𝑋𝑖
F3. Assumptions. The following assumptions are made for uncertainties calculated in accordance with this standard.

• Air, water, and refrigerant properties are known perfectly (negligible Uncertainty) when using
formulations consistent with those in the Reference Rating Standard.
• As defined in ASHRAE 37, power measurement devices for fans and compressor are accurate within ±
2%.
• As defined in ASHRAE 37, power measurement devices for electric heaters are accurate within ± 1%.

F4. Requirements. .

Temperature values used for Uncertainty are in degree Rankin.

F4.1. Sensible Cooling Capacity. As defined in ASHRAE 37, sensible cooling capacity (𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 ) can be
calculated as shown in Equation 40.

41
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑡𝑎1 − 𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝑡𝑎2 ) 60𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑡𝑎1 − 60𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝑡𝑎2
𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 = =
𝑣𝑛′ (1 + 𝑊𝑛 ) 𝑣𝑛′ + 𝑣𝑛′ 𝑊𝑛
40
2 2 2
(𝜃𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 ) + (𝜃𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑈𝐶𝑝𝑎1 ) + (𝜃𝑡𝑎1 𝑈𝑡𝑎1 ) +
𝑈𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 = √ 2 2 2 2
(𝜃𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝑈𝐶𝑝𝑎2 ) + (𝜃𝑡𝑎2 𝑈𝑡𝑎2 ) + (𝜃𝑣𝑛′ 𝑈𝑣𝑛′ ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑛 )

2 2 2 𝑈 2 2 𝑈 2 2 𝑈 2
𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑡𝑎1 𝑡𝑎1 𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑝
( 𝜃𝑄𝑚𝑖 ) ( ) +( 𝜃𝐶𝑝𝑎1 ) ( ) +( 𝜃𝑡𝑎1 ) ( ) + ( 𝑎2 𝜃𝐶𝑝𝑎2 ) ( 𝑎2 )
𝑈𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑡𝑎1 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑎2
= 2 2
𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑡𝑎2 2 𝑈 2
𝑡𝑣 ′ 2
𝑈𝑣′ 𝑊𝑛 2
𝑈𝑊
𝑡𝑎2
+( 𝜃𝑡𝑎2 ) ( ) + ( 𝑛 𝜃𝑣𝑛′ ) ( ′𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑊𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 )
√ 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑡𝑎2 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑣𝑛 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 𝑊𝑛

60(𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑡𝑎1 − 𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝑡𝑎2 )

𝜃𝑄𝑚𝑖 =
𝑣𝑛′ (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝑡𝑎1 )
𝜃𝐶𝑝𝑎1 =
𝑣′𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝐶𝑝 )
𝑎1
𝜃𝑡𝑎1 =
𝑣′𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝑡𝑎2 )
𝜃𝐶𝑝𝑎2 = −
𝑣′𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝐶𝑝 )
𝑎2
𝜃𝑡𝑎2 = −
𝑣′𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝑡𝑎1 − 𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝑡𝑎2 )
𝜃𝑣𝑛′ = −
𝑣𝑛′ 2 (𝑊𝑛 + 1)
60𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑎1 − 𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑎2 )
𝑎1 𝑎2
𝜃𝑊𝑛 = −
𝑣′𝑛 ( 1 + 𝑊𝑛 ) 2

Where:

indoor UUT measured airflow, cfm

𝑄𝑚𝑖 = 1097𝐶𝐴𝑛 √𝑃𝑉 𝑣𝑛′

42
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

2 2 2
𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 = √(𝜃𝐶 𝑈𝐶 )2 + (𝜃𝐴𝑛 𝑈𝐴𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑃𝑉 𝑈𝑃𝑉 ) + (𝜃𝑣𝑛′ 𝑈𝑣𝑛′ )

2 𝑈 ′ 2
𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶 2
𝑈𝐶 2 𝐴𝑛 2
𝑈𝐴 2 𝑃𝑉 2
𝑈𝑃 2 𝑣𝑛′ 𝑣
= √( 𝜃𝐶 ) ( ) + ( 𝜃𝐴𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑃𝑉 ) ( 𝑉 ) + ( 𝜃𝑣𝑛′ ) ( ′𝑛 )
𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐴𝑛 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑃𝑉 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑣𝑛

𝜃𝐶 = 1097𝐴𝑛 √𝑃𝑉 𝑣𝑛′

𝜃𝐴𝑛 = 1097𝐶 √𝑃𝑉 𝑣𝑛′
1097𝐶𝐴𝑛 √𝑣𝑛′
𝜃𝑃𝑉 =
2√𝑃𝑉
1097𝐶𝐴𝑛 √𝑃𝑉
𝜃𝑣𝑛′ =
2√𝑣𝑛′

Nozzle coefficient of discharge, dimensionless

7.006 134.6
𝐶 = 0.9986 − +
√𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒

𝑈𝐶 = √(𝜃𝑅𝑒 𝑈𝑅𝑒 )2 = 𝜃𝑅𝑒 𝑈𝑅𝑒

𝑈𝐶 𝜃𝑅𝑒 𝑈𝑅𝑒
= =0
𝐶 𝐶
134.6
𝜃𝑅𝑒 = −
𝑅𝑒 2
𝑈𝑅𝑒 = 0 (see assumptions above)

Nozzle area, ft2

𝐷 2
𝐷 2
𝐴𝑛 = 𝜋 ( 12 ) = 𝜋 ( )
2 6

𝑈𝐴𝑛 = √(𝜃𝐷 𝑈𝐷 )2 = 𝜃𝐷 𝑈𝐷

𝑈𝐴𝑛 𝜃𝐷 𝑈𝐷
=
𝐴𝑛 𝐴𝑛
𝜋𝐷
𝜃𝐷 =
18

specific volume of air, ft3/lbm

at nozzle:
𝑣𝑛
𝑣𝑛′ =
1 + 𝑊𝑛
2 2
𝑈𝑣𝑛′ = √(𝜃𝑣𝑛 𝑈𝑣𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑛 )

2
𝑈𝑣𝑛′ 𝑣𝑛 2 𝑈
𝑣 𝑊𝑛 2
𝑈𝑊 2
= √( ′ 𝜃𝑣𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( ′ 𝜃𝑊𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 )
𝑣𝑛′ 𝑣𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑊𝑛
1
𝜃𝑣𝑛 =
1 + 𝑊𝑛
𝑣𝑛
𝜃𝑊𝑛 = −
(1 + 𝑊𝑛 )2

43
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

specific volume of the dry air portion of the mixture, ft 3/lbmda

at nozzle:

0.370486 ∙ 𝑡𝑛 ∙ (1 + 1.607858𝑊𝑛 )
𝑣𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛
2 2 2
𝑈𝑣𝑛 = √(𝜃𝑡𝑛 𝑈𝑡𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑃𝑛 𝑈𝑃𝑛 )

2
𝑈𝑣𝑛 𝑡𝑛 2 𝑈
𝑡 𝑊𝑛 2
𝑈𝑊 2 𝑃𝑛 2
𝑈𝑃 2
= √( 𝜃𝑡𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑊𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑃𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 )
𝑣𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑊𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑃𝑛

0.370486(1.607858𝑊𝑛 + 1)
𝜃𝑡𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛
0.595688879𝑡𝑛
𝜃𝑊𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛
0.370486𝑡𝑛 (1.607858𝑊𝑛 + 1)
𝜃𝑃𝑛 = −
𝑃𝑛 2

specific heat of air, Btu / (lbmda·°F)

entering UUT:
𝐶𝑝𝑎1 = 0.24 + 0.444𝑊1
2
𝑈𝐶𝑝𝑎1 = √(𝜃𝑊1 𝑈𝑊1 ) = 𝜃𝑊1 𝑈𝑊1
𝑈𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝜃𝑊1 𝑈𝑊1
=
𝐶𝑝𝑎1 𝐶𝑝𝑎1
𝜃𝑊1 = 0.444

leaving UUT:
𝐶𝑝𝑎2 = 0.24 + 0.444𝑊2
2
𝑈𝐶𝑝𝑎2 = √(𝜃𝑊2 𝑈𝑊2 ) = 𝜃𝑊2 𝑈𝑊2
𝑈𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝜃𝑊2 𝑈𝑊2
=
𝐶𝑝𝑎2 𝐶𝑝𝑎2
𝜃𝑊2 = 0.444

humidity ratio of air, lbmwv / lbmda

at nozzle:

[(1093 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ ) ∙ 𝑊𝑠𝑛

∗
− 0.240 ∙ (𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )]
𝑊𝑛 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗
− 0.240𝑡𝑛 + 0.240𝑡𝑛∗
𝑊𝑛 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗

44
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

2 2 2
𝑈𝑊𝑛 = √(𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ 𝑈𝑊 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 ∗ 𝑈𝑡 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 𝑈𝑡 )
𝑠𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

∗ 2 2 2 𝑈 ∗ 2 2 𝑈 2
𝑈𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑠𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ 𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛
= √( 𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ) ( )
𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑛 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑛 𝑊𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛
1093 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗
𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ =
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗
𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ = −
(1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )2 (1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )2
∗
0.556𝑊𝑠𝑛 0.240𝑡𝑛∗
− +
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ (1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )2
0.240
+
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 − 0.24𝑡𝑛 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗
+ 0.240𝑡𝑛∗
𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ =
(1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )2
∗
−0.556𝑊𝑠𝑛 + 0.240
+
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
0.240
𝜃𝑡𝑛 =−
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
0.444(1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 − 0.24𝑡𝑛 + 0.24𝑡𝑛∗ − 0.556𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ ∗
𝑡𝑛
−
(1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )2

entering UUT:
∗
1093𝑊𝑠1 − 0.556𝑡1∗ 𝑊𝑠1
∗
− 0.240𝑡1 + 0.240𝑡1∗
𝑊1 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗
2 2 2
𝑈𝑊1 = √(𝜃𝑊𝑠1
∗ 𝑈𝑊 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 ∗ 𝑈𝑡 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 𝑈𝑡 )
𝑠1 1 1 1 1

2
𝑈𝑊1 𝑊𝑠1∗ 2
𝑈𝑊𝑠1
∗ 𝑡1∗ 2
𝑈𝑡1∗ 2 𝑡1 2 𝑈
𝑡1
2
= √( 𝜃𝑊𝑠1
∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 𝑡 ∗) ( ) + ( 𝜃𝑡 ) ( )
𝑊1 𝑊1 𝑊𝑠1∗ 𝑊1 1 𝑡1∗ 𝑊1 1 𝑡1
1093 − 0.556𝑡1∗
𝜃𝑊𝑠1
∗ =
1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠1 − 0.24𝑡1 − 0.556𝑡1∗ 𝑊𝑠1
∗
+ 0.240𝑡1∗ −0.556𝑊𝑠1 ∗
+ 0.240
𝜃𝑡1∗ = ∗ +
(1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1 ) 2 1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗
0.240
𝜃𝑡1 = −
1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗
∗
0.444(1093𝑊𝑠1 − 0.24𝑡1 + 0.24𝑡1∗ − 0.556𝑊𝑠1
∗ ∗
𝑡1
−
(1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗ )2

leaving UUT:
∗
1093𝑊𝑠2 − 0.556𝑡2∗ 𝑊𝑠2
∗
− 0.240𝑡2 + 0.240𝑡2∗
𝑊2 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗

45
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

2 2 2
𝑈𝑊2 = √(𝜃𝑊𝑠2
∗ 𝑈𝑊 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 ∗ 𝑈𝑡 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 𝑈𝑡 )
𝑠2 2 2 2 2

2
𝑈𝑊2 𝑊𝑠2∗ 2
𝑈𝑊𝑠2
∗ 𝑡2∗ 2
𝑈𝑡2∗ 2 𝑡2 2 𝑈
𝑡2
2
= √( 𝜃𝑊𝑠2
∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ) ( )
𝑊2 𝑊2 𝑊𝑠2∗ 𝑊2 𝑡2 𝑡2∗ 𝑊2 𝑡2 𝑡2
1093 − 0.556𝑡2∗
𝜃𝑊𝑠2
∗ =
1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠2 − 0.24𝑡2 − 0.556𝑡2∗ 𝑊𝑠2
∗
+ 0.240𝑡2∗ −0.556𝑊𝑠2 ∗
+ 0.240
𝜃𝑡2∗ = +
(1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗ )2 1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗

0.240
𝜃𝑡2 = −
1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗
∗
0.444(1093𝑊𝑠2 − 0.24𝑡2 + 0.24𝑡2∗ − 0.556𝑊𝑠2
∗ ∗
𝑡2
− ∗ 2
(1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2 )

saturation humidity ratio of air, lbmwv / lbmda

at nozzle:

∗
0.621945 ∙ 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗)
𝑊𝑠𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗)
2 2
∗ = √(𝜃𝑝
𝑈𝑊𝑠𝑛 𝑈 ) + (𝜃𝑃𝑛 𝑈𝑃𝑛 )
𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ )
𝑛 𝑛

2
𝑈𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗) 2 𝑈𝑝 𝑃𝑛 2
𝑈𝑃𝑛 2
𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗𝑛 )
= √ ( 𝜃𝑝 ∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃𝑃 ) ( )
∗
𝑊𝑠𝑛 𝑊𝑠𝑛∗ 𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛 ) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗) 𝑊𝑠𝑛∗ 𝑛
𝑃𝑛
0.621945𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗ ) 0.621945
𝜃𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) = 2 +
𝑛
(𝑃𝑛 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗ ) ) 𝑃𝑛 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗)

0.621945𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗ )
𝜃𝑃𝑛 = − 2
(𝑃𝑛 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗ ) )

entering UUT:

∗
0.621945 ∙ 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗)
𝑊𝑠1 =
𝑃1 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗)

46
__________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-2023 (I-P)

2 2
∗ = √(𝜃𝑝
𝑈𝑊𝑠1 𝑈 ) + (𝜃𝑃1 𝑈𝑃1 )
𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ )
1 1

2
𝑈𝑊𝑠1
∗ 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗) 2 𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ )
𝑃1
2
𝑈𝑃 2
= √( 𝜃𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) ) ( 1
) + ( ∗ 𝜃𝑃1 ) ( 1 )
𝑊𝑠1∗ 𝑊𝑠1∗ 1 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗) 𝑊𝑠1 𝑃1

0.621945𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗) 0.621945
𝜃𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) = 2 +
1
(𝑃1 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗) ) 𝑃1 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗)

0.621945𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗)
𝜃𝑃𝑛1 = − 2
(𝑃1 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗) )

leaving UUT:

∗
0.621945 ∙ 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗)
𝑊𝑠2 =
𝑃2 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗)
2 2
∗ = √(𝜃𝑝
𝑈𝑊𝑠2 𝑈 ) + (𝜃𝑃2 𝑈𝑃2 )
𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ )
2 2

2
𝑈𝑊𝑠2
∗ 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗) 2 𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ )
𝑃2
2
𝑈𝑃 2
= √( 𝜃𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) ) ( 2
) + ( ∗ 𝜃𝑃2 ) ( 2 )
𝑊𝑠2∗ 𝑊𝑠2∗ 2 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗) 𝑊𝑠2 𝑃2

0.621945𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗) 0.621945
𝜃𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) = 2 +
2
(𝑃2 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗) ) 𝑃2 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗)

0.621945𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗)
𝜃𝑃𝑛2 = − 2
(𝑃2 − 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗) )

47
___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

saturation pressure of water vapor (at wet bulb temperature), psia

at nozzle:

−10440.397 ∗ +1.289036∗10−5 ∗𝑡 ∗ 2
∗ −11.29465−0.027022355∗𝑡𝑛 𝑛
[ 𝑡𝑛 ]
3
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗ ) = 𝑒 −2.4780681∗10−9 ∗𝑡𝑛
∗ +6.5459673∗ln (𝑡 ∗ )
𝑛

2
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) = √(𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑈𝑡𝑛∗ ) = (𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑈𝑡𝑛∗ )
𝑛

𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) (𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑈𝑡𝑛∗ )

𝑛
=
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗ ) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛∗)
10440.397 2
−0.027022355∗𝑡∗𝑛 +6.5459673∗𝑙𝑛(𝑡∗𝑛 )− +0.00001289036∗𝑡∗𝑛 −11.29465
[ 𝑡∗𝑛 ]
−0.0000000024780681∗𝑡∗𝑛
3 6.5459673
𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ = 𝑒 × (0.00002578072 ∗ 𝑡∗𝑛 +
𝑡∗𝑛
10440.397
+ − 0.0000000074342043𝑡∗𝑛 2 − 0.027022355
𝑡∗𝑛 2

entering UUT:

−10440.397 2
−11.29465−0.027022355∗𝑡1∗ +1.289036∗10−5 ∗𝑡1∗
[ 𝑡1∗ ]
−2.4780681∗10 −9 ∗𝑡 ∗ 3 +6.5459673∗ln (𝑡 ∗ )
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗ ) = 𝑒 1 1

2
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) = √(𝜃𝑡1∗ 𝑈𝑡1∗ ) = (𝜃𝑡1∗ 𝑈𝑡1∗ )
1

𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) (𝜃𝑡1∗ 𝑈𝑡1∗ )

1
=
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1∗)
10440.397 2
−0.027022355∗𝑡∗1 +6.5459673∗𝑙𝑛(𝑡∗1 )− +0.00001289036∗𝑡∗1 −11.29465
[ 𝑡∗1 ]
−0.0000000024780681∗𝑡∗1
3 6.5459673
𝜃𝑡1∗ = 𝑒 × (0.00002578072 ∗ 𝑡∗1 +
𝑡∗1
10440.397
+ − 0.0000000074342043𝑡∗1 2 − 0.027022355
𝑡∗1 2

leaving UUT:

48
___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

−10440.397 2
−11.29465−0.027022355∗𝑡2∗ +1.289036∗10−5 ∗𝑡2∗
[ 𝑡2∗ ]
−2.4780681∗10 −9 ∗𝑡 ∗ 3 +6.5459673∗ln (𝑡 ∗ )
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗ ) = 𝑒 2 2

2
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) = √(𝜃𝑡2∗ 𝑈𝑡1∗ ) = (𝜃𝑡2∗ 𝑈𝑡2∗ )
2

𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡∗ ) (𝜃𝑡2∗ 𝑈𝑡2∗ )

2
=
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2∗)
10440.397 2
−0.027022355∗𝑡∗2 +6.5459673∗𝑙𝑛(𝑡∗2 )− +0.00001289036∗𝑡∗2 −11.29465
[ 𝑡2∗ ]
−0.0000000024780681∗𝑡∗2
3 6.5459673
𝜃𝑡2∗ = 𝑒 × (0.00002578072 ∗ 𝑡∗2 +
𝑡∗2
10440.397
+ − 0.0000000074342043𝑡∗2 2 − 0.027022355
𝑡∗2 2

saturation pressure of water vapor (at dry bulb temperature), psia

at nozzle:

−10440.397
−11.29465−0.027022355∗𝑡𝑛 +1.289036∗10−5 ∗𝑡𝑛 2
[ 𝑡𝑛 ]
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛 ) = 𝑒 −2.4780681∗10−9 ∗𝑡𝑛 3 +6.5459673∗ln (𝑡𝑛 )

2
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛) = √(𝜃𝑡𝑛 𝑈𝑡𝑛 ) = (𝜃𝑡𝑛 𝑈𝑡𝑛 )
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛) (𝜃𝑡𝑛 𝑈𝑡𝑛 )
=
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡𝑛)
10440.397
−0.027022355∗𝑡𝑛 +6.5459673∗𝑙𝑛(𝑡𝑛 )− +0.00001289036∗𝑡𝑛 2 −11.29465
[ 𝑡𝑛 ] 6.5459673
𝜃𝑡𝑛 = 𝑒 −0.0000000024780681∗𝑡𝑛 3 × (0.00002578072 ∗ 𝑡𝑛 +
𝑡𝑛
10440.397
+ − 0.0000000074342043𝑡𝑛 2 − 0.027022355
𝑡𝑛 2

entering UUT:

49
___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

−10440.397
−11.29465−0.027022355∗𝑡1 +1.289036∗10−5 ∗𝑡1 2
[ 𝑡1 ]
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1 ) = 𝑒 −2.4780681∗10−9 ∗𝑡1 3 +6.5459673∗ln (𝑡1 )

2
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1) = √(𝜃𝑡1 𝑈𝑡1 ) = (𝜃𝑡1 𝑈𝑡1 )
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1) (𝜃𝑡1 𝑈𝑡1 )
=
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡1)
10440.397
−0.027022355∗𝑡1 +6.5459673∗𝑙𝑛(𝑡1 )− +0.00001289036∗𝑡1 2 −11.29465
[ 𝑡1 ] 6.5459673
𝜃𝑡1 = 𝑒 −0.0000000024780681∗𝑡1 3 × (0.00002578072 ∗ 𝑡1 +
𝑡1
10440.397
+ − 0.0000000074342043𝑡1 2 − 0.027022355
𝑡1 2

leaving UUT:
−10440.397
−11.29465−0.027022355∗𝑡2 +1.289036∗10−5 ∗𝑡2 2
[ 𝑡2 ]
−2.4780681∗10 −9 ∗𝑡 3 +6.5459673∗ln (𝑡 )
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2 ) = 𝑒 2 2

2
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2) = √(𝜃𝑡2∗ 𝑈𝑡2 ) = (𝜃𝑡2 𝑈𝑡2 )
𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2) (𝜃𝑡2 𝑈𝑡2 )
=
𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2) 𝑝𝑤𝑠(𝑡2)
10440.397
−0.027022355∗𝑡2 +6.5459673∗𝑙𝑛(𝑡2 )− +0.00001289036∗𝑡2 2 −11.29465
[ 𝑡2 ] 6.545967
𝜃𝑡2 = 𝑒 −0.0000000024780681∗𝑡2 3 × (0.00002578072 ∗ 𝑡2 +
𝑡2
10440.397
+ − 0.0000000074342043𝑡2 2 − 0.027022355
𝑡2 2

F4.2. Total Cooling Capacity. As defined in ASHRAE 37, sensible cooling capacity (𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 ) can be calculated as shown in Equation 42.

𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 = 𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖 42

Where:
𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖 = 63600𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝑊𝑖1 − 𝑊𝑖2 )/[𝑣𝑛′ (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )]

50
 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

The Uncertainty of the total cooling capacity 𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 is then defined as

𝑈𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 = √𝑈𝑞𝑠𝑐𝑖 + 𝑈𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖

Where:

2 2 2 2 2
𝑈𝑞𝑙𝑐𝑖 = √(𝜃𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑖1 𝑈𝑊𝑖1 ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑖2 𝑈𝑊𝑖2 ) + (𝜃𝑣𝑛′ 𝑈𝑣𝑛′ ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑛 )

63600(𝑊𝑖1 − 𝑊𝑖2 )
𝜃𝑄𝑚𝑖 =
𝑣𝑛′ (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
63600𝑄𝑚𝑖
𝜃𝑊𝑖1 = ′
𝑣𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
63600𝑄𝑚𝑖
𝜃𝑊𝑖2 = − ′
𝑣𝑛 (1 + 𝑊𝑛 )
63600𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝑊𝑖1 − 𝑊𝑖2 )
𝜃𝑣𝑛′ = −
𝑣𝑛′ 2 (𝑊𝑛 + 1)
63600𝑄𝑚𝑖 (𝑊𝑖1 − 𝑊𝑖2 )
𝜃𝑊𝑛 = −
(𝑊𝑛 + 1)2 𝑣𝑛′

indoor UUT measured airflow, cfm

𝑄𝑚𝑖 = 1097𝐶𝐴𝑛 √𝑃𝑉 𝑣𝑛′

51
___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

2 2 2
𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 = √(𝜃𝐶 𝑈𝐶 )2 + (𝜃𝐴𝑛 𝑈𝐴𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑃𝑉 𝑈𝑃𝑉 ) + (𝜃𝑣𝑛′ 𝑈𝑣𝑛′ )

2 𝑈 ′ 2
𝑈𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶 2
𝑈𝐶 2 𝐴𝑛 2
𝑈𝐴 2 𝑃𝑉 2
𝑈𝑃 2 𝑣𝑛′ 𝑣
= √( 𝜃𝐶 ) ( ) + ( 𝜃𝐴𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑃𝑉 ) ( 𝑉 ) + ( 𝜃𝑣𝑛′ ) ( ′𝑛 )
𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐶 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝐴𝑛 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑃𝑉 𝑄𝑚𝑖 𝑣𝑛

𝜃𝐶 = 1097𝐴𝑛 √𝑃𝑉 𝑣𝑛′

𝜃𝐴𝑛 = 1097𝐶 √𝑃𝑉 𝑣𝑛′
1097𝐶𝐴𝑛 √𝑣𝑛′
𝜃𝑃𝑉 =
2√𝑃𝑉
1097𝐶𝐴𝑛 √𝑃𝑉
𝜃𝑣𝑛′ =
2√𝑣𝑛′

Nozzle coefficient of discharge, dimensionless

7.006 134.6
𝐶 = 0.9986 − +
√𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒

𝑈𝐶 = √(𝜃𝑅𝑒 𝑈𝑅𝑒 )2 = 𝜃𝑅𝑒 𝑈𝑅𝑒

𝑈𝐶 𝜃𝑅𝑒 𝑈𝑅𝑒
= =0
𝐶 𝐶
134.6
𝜃𝑅𝑒 = −
𝑅𝑒 2
𝑈𝑅𝑒 = 0 (see assumptions above)

Nozzle area, ft2

𝐷 2
𝐷 2
𝐴𝑛 = 𝜋 ( 12 ) = 𝜋 ( )
2 6

𝑈𝐴𝑛 = √(𝜃𝐷 𝑈𝐷 )2 = 𝜃𝐷 𝑈𝐷

52
___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

𝑈𝐴𝑛 𝜃𝐷 𝑈𝐷
=
𝐴𝑛 𝐴𝑛
𝜋𝐷
𝜃𝐷 =
18

specific volume of air, ft3/lbm

at nozzle:
𝑣𝑛
𝑣𝑛′ =
1 + 𝑊𝑛
2 2
𝑈𝑣𝑛′ = √(𝜃𝑣𝑛 𝑈𝑣𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑛 )

2
𝑈𝑣𝑛′ 𝑣𝑛 2 𝑈
𝑣 𝑊𝑛 2
𝑈𝑊 2
= √( ′ 𝜃𝑣𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( ′ 𝜃𝑊𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 )
𝑣𝑛′ 𝑣𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑊𝑛
1
𝜃𝑣𝑛 =
1 + 𝑊𝑛

𝑣𝑛
𝜃𝑊𝑛 = −
(1 + 𝑊𝑛 )2

specific volume of the dry air portion of the mixture, ft3/lbmda

at nozzle:

0.370486 ∙ 𝑡𝑛 ∙ (1 + 1.607858𝑊𝑛 )
𝑣𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛
2 2 2
𝑈𝑣𝑛 = √(𝜃𝑡𝑛 𝑈𝑡𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑊𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑛 ) + (𝜃𝑃𝑛 𝑈𝑃𝑛 )

2
𝑈𝑣𝑛 𝑡𝑛 2 𝑈
𝑡 𝑊𝑛 2
𝑈𝑊 2 𝑃𝑛 2
𝑈𝑃 2
= √( 𝜃𝑡𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑊𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 ) + ( 𝜃𝑃𝑛 ) ( 𝑛 )
𝑣𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑊𝑛 𝑣𝑛 𝑃𝑛

53
 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

0.370486(1.607858𝑊𝑛 + 1)
𝜃𝑡𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛
0.595688879𝑡𝑛
𝜃𝑊𝑛 =
𝑃𝑛
0.370486𝑡𝑛 (1.607858𝑊𝑛 + 1)
𝜃𝑃𝑛 = −
𝑃𝑛 2

humidity ratio of air, lbmwv / lbmda

at nozzle:

[(1093 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ ) ∙ 𝑊𝑠𝑛

∗
− 0.240 ∙ (𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )]
𝑊𝑛 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗

∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗
− 0.240𝑡𝑛 + 0.240𝑡𝑛∗
𝑊𝑛 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
2 2 2
𝑈𝑊𝑛 = √(𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ 𝑈𝑊 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 ∗ 𝑈𝑡 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 𝑈𝑡 )
𝑠𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

∗ 2 2 2 𝑈 ∗ 2 2 𝑈 2
𝑈𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑠𝑛 𝑈𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ 𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛
= √( 𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ) ( )
𝑊𝑛 𝑊𝑛 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑛 𝑊𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑛 𝑡𝑛 𝑡𝑛

1093 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗
𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ =
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑛∗
0.556𝑊𝑠𝑛 ∗
0.240𝑡𝑛∗ 0.240
𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ = ∗ 2
− ∗ 2
− ∗
+ ∗ 2
+
(1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 ) (1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 ) 1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 (1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 ) 1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 − 0.24𝑡𝑛 − 0.556𝑡𝑛∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑛∗
+ 0.240𝑡𝑛∗ −0.556𝑊𝑠𝑛 ∗
+ 0.240
𝜃𝑡𝑛∗ = ∗ 2
+
(1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛 ) 1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗
∗
0.240 0.444(1093𝑊𝑠𝑛 − 0.24𝑡𝑛 + 0.24𝑡𝑛∗ − 0.556𝑊𝑠𝑛
∗ ∗
𝑡𝑛
𝜃𝑡𝑛 = − −
1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ (1093 + 0.444𝑡𝑛 − 𝑡𝑛∗ )2
entering UUT:
∗ ∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑖1 − 0.556𝑡1∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑖1 − 0.240𝑡1 + 0.240𝑡1∗
𝑊𝑖1 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗

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___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

2 2 2
𝑈𝑊𝑖1 = √(𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑖1
∗ 𝑈𝑊 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 ∗ 𝑈𝑡 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 𝑈𝑡 )
𝑠𝑖1 1 1 1 1

2
𝑈𝑊𝑖1 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑖1 2 𝑈 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑖1 𝑡1∗ 2
𝑈𝑡1∗ 2 𝑡1 2 𝑈
𝑡1
2
= √( 𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑖1
∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ) ( )
𝑊𝑖1 𝑊𝑖1 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑖1 𝑊𝑖1 𝑡1 𝑡1∗ 𝑊𝑖1 𝑡1 𝑡1
1093 − 0.556𝑡1∗
𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑖1
∗ =
1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗
∗ ∗ ∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑖1 − 0.24𝑡1 − 0.556𝑡1∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑖1 + 0.240𝑡1∗ −0.556𝑊𝑠𝑖1 + 0.240
𝜃𝑡1∗ = +
(1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗ )2 1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1∗

∗ ∗ ∗
0.240 0.444(1093𝑊𝑠𝑖1 − 0.24𝑡1 + 0.24𝑡1∗ − 0.556𝑊𝑠𝑖1 𝑡1
𝜃𝑡1 = − ∗ − ∗ 2
1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1 (1093 + 0.444𝑡1 − 𝑡1 )

leaving UUT:
∗ ∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑖2 − 0.556𝑡2∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑖2 − 0.240𝑡2 + 0.240𝑡2∗
𝑊𝑖2 =
1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗
2 2 2
𝑈𝑊𝑖2 = √(𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑖2
∗ 𝑈𝑊 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 ∗ 𝑈𝑡 ∗ ) + (𝜃𝑡 𝑈𝑡 )
𝑠𝑖2 2 2 2 2

2
𝑈𝑊𝑖2 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑖2 2 𝑈 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑖2 𝑡2∗ 2
𝑈𝑡2∗ 2 𝑡2 2 𝑈
𝑡2
2
= √( 𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑖2
∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ∗ ) ( ) + ( 𝜃 ) ( )
𝑊𝑖2 𝑊𝑖2 ∗
𝑊𝑠𝑖2 𝑊𝑖2 𝑡2 𝑡2∗ 𝑊𝑖2 𝑡2 𝑡2
1093 − 0.556𝑡2∗
𝜃𝑊𝑠𝑖2
∗ =
1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗
∗ ∗ ∗
1093𝑊𝑠𝑖2 − 0.24𝑡2 − 0.556𝑡2∗ 𝑊𝑠𝑖2 + 0.240𝑡2∗ −0.556𝑊𝑠𝑖2 + 0.240
𝜃𝑡2∗ = ∗ +
(1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2 )2 1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2∗

∗ ∗ ∗
0.240 0.444(1093𝑊𝑠𝑖2 − 0.24𝑡2 + 0.24𝑡2∗ − 0.556𝑊𝑠𝑖2 𝑡2
𝜃𝑡2 = − ∗ − ∗ 2
1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2 (1093 + 0.444𝑡2 − 𝑡2 )

F4.3. Power. As defined in ASHRAE 37, total input power (𝐸𝑡 ) can be calculated as shown in Equation 43.

𝐸𝑡 = 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝐼𝐹 + 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 43

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___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

Where:

𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = compressor power input

𝑃𝐼𝐹 = fan power input
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = indoor input power

𝑈𝐸𝑡 = √𝑈𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 2 + 𝑈𝑃𝐼𝐹 2 + 𝑈𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 2

Where:
2
𝑈𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = √𝐵𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 2 + (𝑡𝑆𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 )
2
𝑈𝑃𝐼𝐹 = √𝐵𝑃𝐼𝐹 2 + (𝑡𝑆𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 )

2
𝑈𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = √𝐵𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 2 + (𝑡𝑆𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 )

Where:
𝐵𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝐵𝑃𝐼𝐹 = 𝐵𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 0.02 OR Value specified by measurement device
𝑡 = 1.96

See assumptions above.

F4.4. Efficiency. As defined in ASHRAE 37, steady-state energy-efficiency ratio (𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑠𝑠 ) can be calculated as shown in Equation 44.

𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑠𝑠 = 𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 /𝐸𝑡 44

2 2
1 𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖
𝑈𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑠𝑠 = √( 𝑈𝑞𝑡𝑐𝑖 ) + ( 2 𝑈𝐸𝑡 )
𝐸𝑡 𝐸𝑡

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___________________________________________________________________________________________ AHRI Standard 140-202x (I-P)

F4.5. Pressure Drop. Pressure Drop (ΔP) is defined as Inlet Pressure (P1) minus Outlet Pressure (P2). Pressure Drop Uncertainty can be calculated as
shown in Equation 45:

𝑈∆𝑃 = √𝑈𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 2 + 𝑈𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 2 45

Where:

𝑈𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 = √𝐵𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 2 + (𝑡𝑆𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 )2

𝑈𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 = √𝐵𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 2 + (𝑡𝑆𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 )2

Where:

𝐵𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 𝐵𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 =0.02 OR Value specified by measurement device

𝑡 = 1.96

57