Hydra 2000 User Manual

USER MANUAL
Premier Way, Abbey Park
Romsey, Hampshire, S051 9AQ
England

Tel: (+44) 01794 518448

Fax: (+44) 01794 518077
www.bandguk.com

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USER MANUAL

CONTENTS

Product Liability and Safety Warnings

Record of Amendments

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

PART 2 - OPERATING INFORMATION

PART 3 - CALIBRATION

PART 4 - INSTALLATION INFORMATION

PART 5 - OPTIONS

PART 6 - DIAGNOSTIC DATA

APPENDIX 1 CALIBRATION DATA

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PRODUCT LIABILITY AND SAFETY WARNINGS

PRODUCT LIABILITY
Brookes and Gatehouse Limited accept no responsibility
for the use and/or operation of this equipment. It is the
user’s responsibility to ensure that under all circumstances
the equipment is used for the purposes for which it has
been designed.

WARNING - ELECTRICAL HAZARD

This equipment uses high voltage electrical power. Contact
with high voltages may result in injury and/or loss of life.

WARNING - CALIBRATION
The safe operation of this equipment is dependent on
accurate and correct calibration. Incorrect calibration of
this equipment may lead to false and inaccurate
navigational readings placing the yacht into danger.

WARNING - NAVIGATION HAZARD

The Hydra 2000 is an Electronic Navigation System and is
designed to assist in the navigation of your yacht. It is not
designed to totally replace conventional navigation
procedures and precautions and all necessary precautions
should be taken to ensure that the yacht is not placed into
danger.

CAUTION
This equipment is designed for use with a power supply
source of 12v dc. The application of any other power supply
may result in permanent damage to the equipment.

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RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

Date Amendment Description Signature

Number

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PART 1 - INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
Para Page

1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1-3

1.2 PROCESSORS 1-3

1.2.1 Main Processor Unit 1-3
1.2.2 Expansion Unit 1-4

1.3 SENSORS 1-4

1.3.1 Masthead Unit 1-4
1.3.2 Paddle Wheel 1-4
1.3.3 Sonic Speed Unit 1-4
1.3.4 Depth Sensor 1-5
1.3.5 Super Halcyon 3 Fluxgate Compass 1-5
1.3.6 Halcyon 2000 Compass 1-5
1.3.7 Additional Sensors 1-5

1.4 DISPLAYS 1-5

1.4.1 NMEA Full Function Display (FFD) 1-5
1.4.2 Standard FFD 1-6
1.4.3 20/20 Display 1-6
1.4.4 Analogue Indicators 1-6
1.4.5 Halcyon Display 1-7

1.5 CALIBRATION 1-7

1.6 DAMPING 1-7

1.7 MENU STRUCTURE 1-8

ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig No Page

1.1 Typical Hydra 2000 System Block Diagram 1-2

TABLES

Table No Page

1.1 Function Menu Choices 1-9

1.2 Operational Menu Choices 1-11

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GPS Antenna Mast Head

Unit Unit

20/20

20/20

Mast
Halcyon Compass
Display FFD
Halcyon 000

Deck
GPS Plus FFD
000

Chart Table

NMEA FFD
0 00
Hydra 2000
Main Processor
EP

Network
Hull

Additional Sensors Sonic Speed Unit

Sea and Air Temperature, Heel,
Trim, Barometric Pressure and Strain

Halcyon 2000
Compass Boat
Depth Speed

Fig 1.1 - Typical Hydra 2000 System Block Diagram

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PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The Hydra 2000 is a fully integrated instrumentation system that

displays information obtained from various sensors on a choice of
displays positioned throughout the yacht. Information is fed from
the sensors to a Main Processor. From the information gathered
by the sensors the Main Processor distributes information to the
various displays via the Fastnet cable. This allows it to carry out a
wide range of functions including dead reckoning, true wind speed
and true wind direction, etc. These functions are controlled from a
Full Function Display (FFD).

A typical system is shown in Figure 1.1 - Typical Hydra 2000

System Block Diagram.

1.2 PROCESSORS

1.2.1 Main Processor Unit

The Main Processor is the heart of the system and can be
connected to sensors that measure the following:
Boat Speed/Log
Depth
Sea Temperature
Air Temperature
Compass Heading
Apparent Wind Speed
Apparent Wind Angle
Ship's Supply Voltage
Heel Angle
Trim Angle
Mast Rotation
Barometric Pressure
Forestay Load
From this information the Main Processor Unit is then able to
calculate the following additional functions:
Average Boat Speed
Velocity Made Good (VMG) upwind/downwind
Resettable Log
Dead Reckoned Course and Distance

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Leeway
Heading Corrected for Leeway (Course)
True Wind Speed
True Wind Angle
True Wind Direction
Heading on Next Tack or Gybe
Pressure Trend

In addition, the processor provides four outputs for analogue

indicators. Any one of eight different types of analogue indicator
can be used on any one of these outputs.

It also contains the battery backed memory that stores all the
calibration, damping and alarm settings whilst the power is OFF.
These are adjustable from any FFD.

1.2.2 Expansion Unit

The Expansion Unit allows a further four analogue indicators and a

number of additional sensors to be added to the system. Further
details are given in Part 5 - Options.

1.3 SENSORS

1.3.1 Masthead Unit

The Masthead Unit senses apparent wind speed and wind angle.
The unit is light weight and sealed.

1.3.2 Paddle Wheel

The Paddle Wheel Speed Sensor is designed primarily for

cruising yachts and consists of a paddle wheel that protrudes
through the hull via a housing. So that the paddle wheel may be
cleaned at regular intervals the housing is provided with a flap
valve that closes automatically when the unit is pulled back into the
yacht.

1.3.3 Sonic Speed Unit

The Sonic Speed Unit provides highly accurate and stable boat
speed measurement. It does not rely on mechanical moving parts
that require constant attention to protect them from weed, etc. The
transducers are fitted virtually flush with the hull, creating almost
zero drag, and can be painted, faired or anti-fouled.

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1.3.4 Depth Sensor

This can either be a removable through-hull unit, or moulded in-hull

for reduced drag. The depth datum can be set to the waterline, the
bottom of the keel or from the transducer.

1.3.5 Super Halcyon 3 Fluxgate Compass

This fluxgate compass sensor is fully gimballed in a bath of oil,

ensuring accurate readings at all normal angles of heel and pitch.
The unit features automatic deviation correction, thus eliminating
the need for expert compass adjustment.

1.3.6 Halcyon 2000 Compass

The Halcyon 2000 Compass is a high performance electronic

fluxgate compass for use on both sailing and power craft. It is
intended to be connected to Hercules 2000, Hydra 2000 or HS
2000 instrument systems through the B&G Fastnet Network.

The Halcyon 2000 Compass has the ability to ‘learn’ the magnetic
effect of the vessel on the compass and automatically apply
deviation correction.

1.3.7 Additional Sensors

Additional sensors provide either single inputs, or improve the

accuracy of other functions on the system and they are discussed
in Part 5 - Options.

1.4 DISPLAYS

1.4.1 NMEA Full Function Display (FFD)

This is the standard system display and every Hydra 2000 must
contain one NMEA FFD. The Standard FFDs and the other
display types, described in this Section, are options with which the
system can be expanded and made even more powerful.

The FFD's name gives an indication to the fact that they are really
much more than just a display. It is a terminal for the whole
system, allowing you to control everything from the functions
displayed on them (and at the 20/20’s) to the calibration of the
system.

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The FFD simultaneously displays two functions. Any system

function can be called up on any FFD and can be placed on the
system, all with full control of the Hydra 2000.

The NMEA FFD contains a NMEA interface which allows your

Hydra 2000 System to be connected to devices such as position
fixers, autopilots, chart plotters and radars, etc. from different
manufacturers. For example your GPS Plus may be at the chart
table, but you require its information to steer by on deck. Your
Hydra displays can show that information if interfaced to your GPS
Plus. The Hydra System can also provide information to your
autopilot.

NMEA is the National Marine Electronics Association, who have

produced a number of standard specifications for the
interconnection of marine electronic instruments. These standards
specify the electrical signals and the format of the data to be
transferred.

Part 2 - Operating Information describes in detail the use of the

FFD keyboard to control the Hydra 2000.

Part 4 - Installation Information shows NMEA in/out specifications.

1.4.2 Standard FFD

The Standard FFD is functionally identical and similar in

appearance to the NMEA FFD. The only difference is that the
Standard FFD is not fitted with a NMEA interface.

1.4.3 20/20 Display

The Hydra 2000 20/20 is a lightweight, large digit, liquid crystal

display - it can be configured from any FFD or a remote button to
display any system function.

The 20/20's operation is fully explained in Part 5 - Options.

1.4.4 Analogue Indicators

There is a wide range of analogue indicators available. Refer to
Part 5 - Options for full details.

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1.4.5 Halcyon Display

This is a dedicated compass display that shows heading in digital

form and has a bar graph display that can be used as a steering
indicator.

Refer to Part 5 - Options for further details.

1.5 CALIBRATION

Before using the Hydra 2000 for navigational purposes it is

important that the system is correctly calibrated for your
installation. The calibration process has been simplified as much
as possible, so that all you need is accurate information. This is
fully explained in Part 3 - Calibration.

1.6 DAMPING

A useful feature is that the damping on most functions is

adjustable. This allows you to slow down the response of the
function if it is too jumpy in rough weather, and similarly to speed it
up if it is too slow in flat water.

The damping works by averaging the numbers over a user

adjustable time period. The more you increase this time period
the smoother the data readings will get, but the longer it will take to
see the effect of any change.

Similarly the lower it is the bigger the jumps you will get in the
numbers but the response to any change will be quicker -
remember, high damping for rough weather, low damping for calm
weather.

Damping should not be confused with the update rate which is the
number of times each second that the function value is sent to the
display. It is fixed for all the functions.

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1.7 MENU STRUCTURE

The central concept to the operation of the system is the structure

of the Function Menus accessed through the FFD, and once this
is grasped, operation very quickly becomes familiar.

The idea of structured layers of menus is one seen everywhere in

modern software, and regular computer users will be familiar with
this concept.

The principle is that at any one level there is a set of choices

which you can scroll through (select) until you find the one you
want. Having found the correct menu entry, it is then selected - the
FFD then displays the first choice in the next level of menu down.
Here you once again scroll through the available options until you
find and select your choice.

The function options available through each Menu Choice are

listed in Table 1.1 - Function Menus. Operational Menu choices
together with the Function Menu applicable are listed in Table 1.2 -
Operational Menu Choices.

Note
The Functions available to the user are dependent on the range of
sensors fitted to the system.

Details of the sensors required for each function are fully

explained in Part 3 - Operating Information.

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Table 1.1 - Function Menu Choices

FUNCTION MENU CHOICE FUNCTION

TEXT
Boat Speed BOAT SPD
Speed Average Speed AVG SPD
Velocity Made Good VMG
Log Stored Log STD LOG
Trip Log TRIP LOG
Depth - Meters DEPTH M
Depth Depth - Feet DEPTH FT
Depth - Fathoms DEPTH FM
Heading HEADING
Off Course OFF CRSE
Dead Reckoning Course D/R CRSE
Navigate Dead Reckoning Distance D/R DIST
Course COURSE
Leeway LEEWAY
Tidal Set TIDE SET
Tidal Drift TIDE RTE
Apparent Wind Speed APP W/S
True Wind Speed TRUE W/S
Apparent Wind Angle APP W/A
Wind True Wind Angle TRUE W/A
True Wind Direction TRUE DIR
Head/Lift Trend LIFT/HDR
Apparent Wind Speed m/s APP W/S MS
True Wind Speed m/s TRUE W/S MS
Opposite Tack OPP TACK
Layline LAYLINE
Perform Heel Angle HEEL
Fore/Aft Trim TRIM
Mast Angle MAST ANG
Wind Angle to the Mast W/A MAST

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Table 1.1 - Function Menu Choices (Contd.)

FUNCTION MENU CHOICE FUNCTION

TEXT
Bearing W/point to W/point Mag. BRG W-W M
Bearing W/point to W/point True BRG W-W T
Bearing to W/point Rhumb Mag. BTW RMB M
Bearing to W/point Rhumb True BTW RMB T
Brg to W/point Great Circle Mag. BTW GC M
Brg to W/point Great Circle True BTW GC T
Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Rhumb DTW RMB
Distance to Waypoint Great Circle DTW GC
Course over Ground Mag. CRSE O/G M
Course over Ground True CRSE O/G T
SPD over Ground SPD O/G
VMG to Waypoint VMG WPT
Estimated Time of Arrival to WPT ETA WPT
Cross Track Error CROSS TR
Motor Battery Voltage VOLTS
Sea Temperature °C SEA TEMP °C
Temperature Sea Temperature °F SEA TEMP °F
Air temperature °C AIR TEMP °C
Air Temperature °F AIR TEMP °F
Timer Timer TIMER
Linear 1 LINEAR 1
Linear 2 LINEAR 2
Linear 3 LINEAR 3
Miscellaneous Linear 4 LINEAR 4
Barometric Pressure BAROMETER
Barometric Pressure Trend PR TREND
Rudder Angle RUDDER
External Remote 0 to 9 REMOTE 0
TO 9

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Table 1.2 - Operational Menu Choices

OPERATION AVAILABLE OPERATIONAL

FUNCTION(S) CHOICE
Trip Log RESET
Log Control D/R Course RUN
D/R Distance FREEZE
FREEZE
START 0
Timer Control Timer START 5
START 10
START 15
PR Trend PR Trend PERIOD
Control RESET
BOAT SPD ALL OFF
APP W/S HI ALARM
DEPTH HI ON
Alarm Control VOLTS HI OFF
SEA TEMP LO ALARM
AIR TEMP LO ON
LO OFF
ALL OFF
Sector Alarm HEADING SECTOR
Control APP W/A SECT ON
SECT OFF
BOAT SPD
APP W/A
APP W/S
Damping HEADING
Control TRUE W/A
TRUE W/S
HEEL DAMPING VALUE
TRIM
TIDE
RUDDER ANGLE

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Table 1.2 - Operational Menu Choice (Contd.)

OPERATION AVAILABLE OPERATIONAL

FUNCTION(S) CHOICE
SINGLE
PORT CAL
Calibrate Log BOAT SPD STBD CAL
(AUTO CAL) STD LOG CAL DIST
STRT RUN
STOP RUN
END CAL
Calibrate Log BOAT SPD SINGLE
(MANL CAL) STD LOG PORT CAL
STDB CAL
Calibrate Log Boat SPD Reference CAL
(Ref Cal)
Calibrate Temp Sea Temp °C OFFSET C
Sea Temp °F
Calibrate DEPTH DATUM (+/-)
Datum
Calibrate App APP W/A MHU ANGL
W/A
Calibrate App APP W/S MHU CAL
W/S MHU OFFS
Calibrate Wind TRUE W/A CORRECTN
TRUE W/S
All Other CAL VALUE 1
Calibrate Selected Function CAL VALUE 2
Functions CAL VALUE 3
CAL VALUE 4

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Part 2 - Operating Information

PART 2 - OPERATING INFORMATION

CONTENTS
Para Page
2.1 FULL FUNCTION DISPLAY (FFD) 2-4
2.1.1 The Keys 2-5
2.1.2 Power/Lights Key 2-5
2.1.3 Page Key 2-5
2.1.4 Scroll Keys 2-6
2.1.5 Enter/Reset Key 2-6
2.1.6 Speed/Depth (SPD/DEP) Key 2-7
2.1.7 Wind Key (WIND) 2-7
2.1.8 Navigation (NAV) Key 2-7
2.1.9 Remote Button Operation 2-8

2.2 20/20 DISPLAY 2-8

2.3 SUPER HALCYON 3 AND HALCYON 2000

COMPASS 2-8

2.4 HALCYON DISPLAY 2-9

2.5 EXAMPLES OF OPERATION 2-9

2.5.1 Function Selection 2-9
2.5.2 Page Display Configuration 2-10
2.5.3 NAV Key Configuration 2-10
2.5.4 Damping Adjustment - Boat Speed 2-11

2.6 EXAMPLES OF CALIBRATION 2-12

2.6.1 Calibration Adjustment - Boat Speed 2-12
2.6.2 Calibration Adjustment - Depth 2-12
2.6.3 Calibration Adjustment - Wind Angle 2-13

2.7 ALARMS 2-14

2.7.1 Alarm Control 2-14
2.7.2 Alarm Types 2-14
2.7.3 Set LO Alarm - Depth 2-15
2.7.4 Switch Alarms On/Off 2-16
2.7.5 Disable Alarms 2-16

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2.8 TRIP FUNCTIONS 2-16

2.8.1 Fast Reset 2-17
2.8.2 Reset Timer 2-17
2.8.3 Reset Trip Log 2-18

2.9 LIGHTING CONTROL 2-18

2.9.1 Select Local Control 2-19
2.9.2 Select System Control 2-19

2.10 OPERATING NOTES 2-19

2.11 OPERATING FUNCTIONS 2-20

2.11.1 Air Temperature 2-20
2.11.2 Apparent Wind Angle 2-20
2.11.3 Apparent Wind Speed 2-21
2.11.4 Average Speed 2-21
2.11.5 Barometric Pressure 2-22
2.11.6 Barometric Pressure Trend 2-22
2.11.7 Battery Voltage 2-23
2.11.8 Bearing to Waypoint 2-23
2.11.9 Bearing Waypoint to Waypoint 2-23
2.11.10 Boat Speed 2-24
2.11.11 Course 2-24
2.11.12 Course Over Ground 2-25
2.11.13 Dead Reckoning 2-25
2.11.14 Depth 2-27
2.11.15 Distance to Waypoint 2-27
2.11.16 Fore/Aft Triim 2-28
2.11.17 Heading 2-28
2.11.18 Heading on Opposite Tack 2-29
2.11.19 Head Lift Trend 2-29
2.11.20 Heel Angle 2-29
2.11.21 Leeway 2-30
2.11.22 Layline Distance 2-30
2.11.23 Local Time of Day 2-31
2.11.24 Mast Angle 2-31
2.11.25 Next Waypoint Distance 2-31
2.11.26 Off Course 2-32
2.11.27 Rig Tension 2-32
2.11.28 Rudder Angle 2-33
2.11.29 Sea Temperature 2-33

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CONTENTS (Contd.)

Para Page

2.11.30 Speed Over Ground 2-33

2.11.31 Stored Log 2-34
2.11.32 Tidal Set and Drift 2-34
2.11.33 Timer 2-35
2.11.34 Time to Layline 2-36
2.11.35 Time to Waypoint 2-36
2.11.36 Trip Log 2-36
2.11.37 True Wind Angle 2-37
2.11.38 True Wind Direction 2-38
2.11.39 True Wind Speed 2-39
2.11.40 Velocity Made Good (VMG) 2-39
2.11.41 Wind Angle to the Mast 2-40

ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig No Page

2.1 Full Function Display 2-4

2.2 Sector Alarm 2-14
2.3 Dead Reckoning 2-26
2.4 Wind Angle 2-38
2.5 Calculation of VMG 2-40

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Part 2 - Operating Information

PART 2 - OPERATING INFORMATION

2.1 FULL FUNCTION DISPLAY (FFD)

The Hydra 2000 System is easily operated using the keys on any
one of the NMEA or Standard Full Function Displays (FFD).

Fig 2.1 - Full Function Display

The information displayed on each FFD consists of a page of

information comprising an upper display and a lower display. The
FFD has four pages available that may be configured to display
any function available in either the upper or lower displays. The
user may also select any function for display at any time in either
the upper or lower display.

In addition, three factory set pages relating to Wind, Speed/Depth

and Navigate functions are incorporated into each FFD. These
pages are accessed by pressing the related key on the FFD.

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2.1.1 The Keys

All FFDs are provided with the following eight keys:

Power/Lights Key
Page Key
Scroll Up Key
Scroll Down Key
Enter/Reset Key
Speed/Depth Key
Wind Key
Navigation Key

2.1.2 Power/Lights Key

This key controls the application of power to the system and the
level of illumination at all displays.

One short press of this key applies power to the Hydra System
and the display is activated. A second short press of the key
provides full background illumination on all system displays.
Further short presses of the key decrease the illumination in three
stages from full brightness to OFF.

The next press gives full illumination again. This operation on any
one FFD within the system, performs the same sequence on all
Hydra displays connected to the system. However, display lighting
can be localised so that the level can be adjusted for individual
displays (see Para 2.9 - LIGHTING CONTROL).

To switch OFF the system, press and hold down the key for three
seconds. After this time lapses the message POWER-OFF
appears in the upper text, release the key and after a further two
seconds the system switches OFF and is now in Standby Mode.

2.1.3 Page Key

This key enables the user to select the User Defined Page
(Display) presented on the FFD.

By pressing this key the user is able to choose any one of four
user defined pages accessing various functions of the Hydra
2000 System (2 functions per page).

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Notes
1. If you become lost in the system, press the Page Key and you
will immediately return to the top level display without doing any
damage.
2. Successive operations of the Page Key will bring up each of
the user defined pages in rotation.
3. The four initial pages can be reconfigured to meet your specific
needs, as described in Para 2.5.2
4. Holding down the Page Key for two seconds initiates control of
20/20 displays (see Part 5 - Options).

2.1.4 Scroll Keys

Two scroll keys are provided: Scroll Up and Scroll Down. The
scroll keys have three functions:

1. Select the upper or lower display to change functions.

2. To scroll through (select) the menu choices.
3. To increase or decrease numerical values, such as
calibration values.

Immediately after a specific page has been selected, pressing

the Scroll Up Key will select the upper display. Similarly,
operation of the Scroll Down Key will select the lower display.

2.1.5 Enter/Reset Key

The principle use of the Enter Key, is to make selections chosen

from the menu by the scroll keys. As a general guide when any
menu choice is flashing, pressing the Enter Key will select that
choice. It is also used to:

Enter Data. When the value on the display needs

changing it is altered by pressing the Enter Key. This
starts the selected value flashing. Next using the Scroll
Up or Scroll Down Keys, change it to the required
value. Press the Enter Key again to complete the
operation.

Accept and Reset Alarms. When an alarm sounds (if

the audible warning is fitted) or flashes at the FFD, two
presses of the Enter Key stops the warning and resets
the alarm.

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Expand Function Displays. When displaying the LOG

and TIMER functions the Enter Key can be used to
expand the display. Normally the Log function displays
nautical miles to two decimal places, i.e. 99.99nm
(maximum). One press of the Enter Key expands the
display to 0099nm, giving a maximum available display
of 9999nm if required. Similarly the TIMER function
normally displays a minutes and seconds reading.
Expansion by the Enter Key displays hours and minutes
instead.

2.1.6 Speed/Depth (SPD/DEP) Key

By pressing the SPD/DEP Key the user is able to select any one
of three factory set pages accessing the Speed and Depth
functions. Successive operation of the SPD/DEP Key will display
the following information in a fixed order:

Boat Speed/Depth
Boat Speed/Speed Over Ground (from NMEA Position Fix)
Boat Speed/Apparent Wind Angle

2.1.7 Wind Key

By pressing the Wind Key the user is able to select any one of
three factory set pages accessing the Wind Functions.
Successive presses of the Wind Key will display the following
information in a fixed order:

Apparent Wind Speed/Apparent Wind Angle

True Wind Speed/True Wind Direction
Velocity Made Good/True Wind Angle

2.1.8 Navigation (NAV) Key

By pressing the NAV Key the user is able to select any one of
three factory set displays accessing the Navigation Functions.
Successive presses of the NAV Key will display the following
information in a fixed order:

Current Heading/Course Over Ground

Current Heading/Boat Speed
Distance to Waypoint/Bearing to Waypoint

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Note
The NAV key may be configured to show waypoint information in
either Great Circle or Rhumb modes. Refer to section 2.5.3 for
further details.
2.1.9 Remote Button Operation
Each FFD may be provided with an optional Remote Button to
allow basic control of the associated FFD from a remote position.
The Remote Button has two Functions: Page Selection and Fast
Reset.
Page Selection is achieved by successive pressing of the
Remote Push-Button. When the button is pressed each of the
four user defined pages followed by the first page of the factory
set Speed/Depth, Navigate and Wind pages are displayed in a
fixed order.
When any one of the trip functions is selected at the associated
FFD, pressing and holding down the Remote Push-Button for two
seconds will change the display to show RESET flashing, or if
TIMER is selected START 10 flashing. Pressing the Remote
Button again will Reset that function, or in the case of TIMER start
the countdown. After a reset the display will revert to normal page
set-up automatically.
2.2 20/20 DISPLAY
The 20/20 is a fully programmable, single function display,
incorporating large digits, which may be installed virtually
anywhere in the yacht.
Control of the 20/20 Display may be achieved via any FFD or from
an optional Remote Button, see Part 5 - Options.
2.3 SUPER HALCYON 3 AND HALCYON 2000 COMPASS
The Super Halcyon 3 and Halcyon 2000 Compasses are high
performance electronic transmitting compasses which interface
with your Hydra 2000 System. Heading and direction information
may be selected for display on any of the FFDs or on a Halcyon
Display. Additionally, analogue compass card displays may also
be added.
Software incorporated within the compass allows the unit to learn
the magnetic fields in the vessel that may cause deviation errors.

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These errors can be reduced to an insignificant level by following

the Calibration procedure described in Part 3.

2.4 HALCYON DISPLAY

The Halcyon Display is a dedicated electronic compass display
that may be connected to your Hydra 2000 System in the same
manner as a regular FFD. It is a large digit display providing a
clear and accurate digital indication of compass heading
information together with a bar graph indicating port and starboard
off-course error.
Control of the Halcyon Display and the associated functions can
be achieved from the display, an optional Remote Push-Button or
from any FFD, see Part 5 - Options.
2.5 EXAMPLES OF OPERATION
The general principle of operating the Hydra 2000 will be made
clear by the following examples of Function, Page Selection and
Damping.
2.5.1 Function Selection
Our first example will be to select another function for one of the
pages. This new function is Stored Log that we want to place in
the lower display.
(1) Select the lower display by pressing the Scroll
Down Key. The lower display will start to flash. The upper
display is not affected.
(2) Using the Scroll Up and/or Scroll Down Keys, scroll
through the menu until the required menu (LOG) is shown
flashing in the lower display. The upper display is not
affected.
(3) Press the Enter Key, the lower text now shows the
STD LOG flashing, the upper display is not affected.
Note
If another menu choice is required (i.e. Trip Log) scroll through the
menu choices using the Scroll Up/Scroll Down Keys until the
required choice is displayed in the lower display.

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(4) Press Enter again, the lower display now shows

Stored Log function, the upper display is not affected.

At this stage we have simply called up this function to view it, if the
Page Key is pressed then the configured page will return and
Stored Log will no longer be on view. If however you wish to keep
Stored Log on a page, then you can configure the page.

2.5.2 Page Display Configuration

The Page Key allows the user to configure four pages per FFD
depending on its required use at that position.

To store the setting in Para 2.5.1 as a permanent new page,

proceed as follows:

(1) Press Scroll Up or Scroll Down and scroll text until

CNFG DSP is shown on Display.

Note
Scroll Up or Scroll Down can be used because we are
configuring the whole page, both upper and lower displays.

(2) Press Enter, PAGE is shown on the lower display.

(3) Press Enter, the digital display is blanked and the

two functions selected are displayed in the upper and
lower displays.

(4) Press Enter to accept the new page configuration

and restore the digital display.

All page displays are held in the display memory, independent of

the power supply.

2.5.3 NAV Key Configuration

Our second example is configuring the NAV key. The NAV key
allows the user to select either Rhumb Line or Great Circle
navigation information to be displayed. To select the required
mode, proceed as follows:

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(1) Press the Page Key once.

(2) Press Scroll Up until the upper display shows
CNFG DSP flashing.
(3) Press Enter, the upper text now shows PAGE
flashing.
(4) Press Scroll Up to select either NAV MODE GC
(Great Circle) or NAV MODE RH (Rhumb).
(5) Press Enter to select your desired choice. The
display will stop flashing.

2.5.4 Damping Adjustment - Boat Speed

Our third example is the entry of a damping value. To find out if it
is possible to damp a function, refer to OPERATING Menu
choices, Table 1.2.
(1) Using the Scroll Up or Scroll Down Key select the
upper or lower display as required.
(2) If BOAT SPD is in the upper display press and hold
Scroll Down and scroll to DAMPING which flashes. If
BOAT SPD is in the lower display use Scroll Up.
(3) Press Enter and the current damping value will be
displayed on the upper or lower display as appropriate.

(4) Press Enter and DAMPING value will start to flash.

(5) Press Scroll Up or Scroll Down to increase and/or

decrease the damping value as required.

(6) Press Enter to accept new value.

(7) Press Page to return to full display.

Damping control for any of the other functions that can be damped
is achieved in a similar manner.

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2.6 EXAMPLES OF CALIBRATION

The calibration method of your Hydra 2000 System will be made

clear by the following examples. The Calibration Process is
described in detail in Part 3 - Calibration.

2.6.1 Calibration Adjustment - Boat Speed

(1) Using the Scroll Up or Scroll Down Keys select

the upper or lower display as required.

(2) If BOAT SPD (or STD LOG) is shown in the upper

display, press and hold the Scroll Down Key to select
CALIBRATE from the menu. If BOAT SPD (or STD
LOG) is in the lower display use Scroll Up.

(3) Press Enter and then press Scroll Down to select

MANL CAL on the Display.

(4) Press Enter and SINGLE is shown on the Display.

Notes
1. SINGLE is the choice required if a single paddlewheel or sonic
sensor is fitted.
2. If two paddle-wheels or two sonic sensors are fitted, the Scroll
Up or Scroll Down Keys should be used to select PORT CAL
or STBD CAL as required.

(5) Press Enter to reveal the current calibration value in

Hz/knot.

(6) To adjust the calibration value, press Enter and the

value flashes.

(7) Using the Scroll Up and Scroll Down Keys to

change the calibration value as required to the new
calibration value.

(8) Press Enter to input the new calibration value into

the system.

(9) Press Page to return to the normal display.

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2.6.2 Calibration Adjustment - Depth

(1) Using the Scroll Up or Scroll Down Keys select

the upper or lower display as required.

(2) If DEPTH is shown in the upper display, press and

hold the Scroll Down Key to select CALBRATE from the
menu. If DEPTH is in the lower display use Scroll Up.

(3) Press Enter and the display shows DATUM which

flashes.

(4) Press Enter again, DATUM stops flashing and the

current datum value is displayed.

(5) Press Enter and the DATUM value flashes.

(6) Use the Scroll Up or Scroll Down Keys to set the

new DATUM value.

Note
If DATUM is referenced to the water line, the value is positive. If
DATUM is referenced to the keel line, the value is negative and
this is indicated by a minus sign before the left digit.

(7) Press Enter to input the new DATUM value into the
system.

(8) Press Page to return to the normal display.

2.6.3 Calibration Adjustment - Wind Angle

(1) Select APP W/A.

(2) If APP W/A is on lower display press Scroll Up and

scroll to CALBRATE which flashes. If APP W/A is on
upper display, press Scroll Down and scroll to
CALBRATE.

(3) Press Enter twice and the current alignment value

will be shown.

(4) Press Enter and the current offset angle will flash.
Use Scroll Up or Scroll Down to set the new value.

(5) Press Enter to accept the new value.

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(6) Press Page to return to the normal display.

2.7 ALARMS

2.7.1 Alarm Control

When a pre-set alarm parameter is reached, e.g. the depth

reducing, the system raises an alarm automatically. In an alarm
condition, the lower display changes to highlight the cause of the
alarm and flashes red and green alternatively until the Enter Key
is pressed twice. At which point all the FFDs except the one on
which Enter was pressed, return to normal. The audible alarm, if
fitted, is also silenced by this operation. After this, the lower
display continues to monitor the alarm condition. The alarm is still
active and, if the alarm parameter is again exceeded, the alarm will
flash/sound as necessary. The displayed alarm function remains
on the lower display until Page is pressed.

2.7.2 Alarm Types

The system incorporates the following types of alarm:

HI ALARM - This is initiated if the value of a function

exceeds a pre-set level.

LO ALARM - This is generated if the value of a function

drops below a pre-set level.

SECTOR ALARM - This is generated when the value of a

function leaves the safe sector as shown in Fig 2.2.

Example

Fig 2.2 - Sector Alarm

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For example, when the SECTOR alarm is turned on, the alarm
reference heading is the current compass heading. If the
SECTOR alarm is set at 40° the sector value is the compass
heading +/- 20°. It is therefore important to switch OFF the
SECTOR alarm before carrying out a course alteration and
switching the alarm on again when settled on the new course
heading.

Any alarm can be switched ON and OFF individually, or all alarms

can be switched OFF collectively.

2.7.3 Set LO Alarm - Depth

(1) Select function which requires alarm facility, e.g.

DEPTH.

(2) If the selected function is in the upper display, press

Scroll Down and scroll the lower display until ALARMS
appears, flashing. If the selected function is in the lower
display use Scroll Up.

(3) Press Enter and the text shows ALL OFF, flashing.

(4) Using Scroll Up or Scroll Down as appropriate,

scroll through until the text shows LO ALARM flashing.

(5) Press Enter and the display shows the current LO

ALARM value.

(6) To change the LO value, press Enter, and the value

flashes.

(7) Press Scroll Up or Scroll Down to increase or

decrease the value as required. Press Enter to accept
the new value and switch the alarm ON.

(8) Press Page to return to the normal display.

To select the HI alarm, scroll through the text until HI ALARM

appears and press Enter to reveal current HI ALARM value. To
change the value, use the same procedure as used to change the
LO ALARM value.

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2.7.4 Switch Alarms On/Off

To switch OFF an alarm (HI, LO or SECTOR), scroll through until

the required item (e.g. HI OFF) appears in the text and press
Enter.

To turn ON an alarm, press scroll through until the required item

(e.g. LO ON) appears in the upper text and press Enter.

2.7.5 Disable Alarms

(1) Select any function with an alarm facility, e.g.

DEPTH.

(2) If function is in the top display press Scroll Down to

scroll to ALARMS, or if function is on the bottom use
Scroll Up Key. Then press Enter and ALL OFF appears
flashing.

(3) Press Enter again, all alarms are turned OFF and
the normal page display will be restored.

WARNING - All alarms in the system will remain OFF until the
values are reset or the individual alarms are switched ON
again.

2.8 TRIP FUNCTIONS

The Hydra 2000 provides three trip functions - Timer (count up

and count down), Trip Log and Dead Reckoning. The functions
can be reset and restarted as required, e.g. for keeping a
separate log of elapsed time and distance run for a given
passage.

When any trip function is started, all other trip functions that have
been reset start with it, except when the timer countdown is
started. Under this condition, the other functions start again if
previously reset, when the countdown reaches zero. This is
designed for the start of races, so that you have DR, Resettable
Log and Timer running, without pressing buttons during the
moments of the start itself.

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When a trip function is displayed, the two right-hand characters

show the status of that function.

The letters MS (Minutes/Seconds) and NM (Nautical

Miles) mean the function is running.

The letters RE stand for RESET, where the function is

zeroed and waiting to be started.

The letters FR stand for FROZEN, where the displayed

value is frozen, but the function is still counting in the
background.

2.8.1 Fast Reset

The Hydra 2000 System incorporates a Fast Reset feature for all
trip functions (Trip Log, Timer and Barometric Pressure Trend).
Fast Reset can be initiated either by operation of a Remote Push-
Button (see Para 2.1.9) or by operation of the Enter Key on any
FFD.

Note
If two trip functions are displayed at the same time, the Fast Reset
facility will only reset the function shown in the upper display.

2.8.2 Reset Timer

The options for the TIMER function are as follows:

START 0 - for count up

START 5)
START 10) - for countdown from appropriate time.
START 15)

(1) Using the Scroll Up or Scroll Down Keys select

the upper or lower display as required.

(2) If the upper display is selected use the Scroll Up

Key to select TIMER in the upper display. If the lower
display is selected, use Scroll Down.

(3) Press Enter the text now shows START 10 flashing.

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(4) When the 10 minute gun sounds, press Enter. The

display now shows the timer counting down from 10
minutes and the START 5 is flashing. If it is required to
correct the timer at the 5 minute gun then this is achieved
by pressing Enter again at the 5 minute gun. The Timer
will count down to zero and then begin to count up giving
the time since the start.

(5) Press the Page Key to return to the normal display.

2.8.3 Reset Trip Log

(1) Display TRIP LOG in the upper display.

(2) Press Scroll Down once and the lower text now
shows CONTROL flashing.

(3) Press Enter and use the Scroll Down key to

display RESET flashing.

(4) Press the Enter key and the display now shows
RUN flashing.

(5) Press the Enter key again and the display shows the
trip log running.

(6) Press the Page key to resume normal operation.

Note
Every time you reset the TRIP LOG the AVERAGE SPEED
resets and begins its calculation again. The control facility for the
Dead Reckoned functions work in the same way; the bearing and
distance are linked, so that they are started simultaneously.

2.9 LIGHTING CONTROL

The level of illumination at system displays is controlled by the

Power/Lights Key. Use of this key normally controls all the Hydra
displays simultaneously. However, the level of illumination on a
single FFD can be controlled individually using the menu choice -
LIGHTING - LOCAL.

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2.9.1 Select Local Control

(1) Press and hold Scroll Up or Scroll Down until

LIGHTING appears in the text.

(2) Press Enter, Scroll Down until LOCAL appears in

the text.

(3) Press Enter again and the original page display

appears. Control of the FFD Lighting is now in local
mode.

Successive operation of the Power/Lights Key now controls the

illumination level on that display only. This will enable you to use
very low lighting at the chart table whilst keeping a higher intensity
display up on deck.

2.9.2 Select System Control

(1) Press and hold Scroll Up or Scroll Down until

LIGHTING is displayed in the text.

(2) Press Enter and Scroll Up or Scroll Down to

select SYSTEM.

(3) Press Enter again, the original page display

appears and the illumination control has returned to
System Control.

Note
In order to control the lighting on analogue repeaters, at least one
FFD must be set to System Control.

2.10 OPERATING NOTES

Within the preceding paragraphs of this part of the manual the

steps necessary to select a specific function and/or setup the
system have been described in detail. The remainder of this
manual contains some detailed examples; therefore to describe
further operations the following shorthand system has been
adopted.

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Each successive selected menu choice will be in capitals,

separated by a → symbol. For instance the example in Para 2.5.1,
to manually calibrate the log, would be presented as follows:

SPEED → BOAT SPD, CALBRATE → MANL CAL →

SINGLE

Menu choices in plain CAPITALS are the selection of the required

function. Menu choices in BOLD are the selection of the relevant
operation and are completed using the other half of the display.

2.11 OPERATING FUNCTIONS

The previous Paragraphs have described how the Hydra System

is built up and how to use the keys and basic menu structure. The
following Paragraphs describe each of the functions available in
more detail and how these features can best be applied on the
boat.

2.11.1 Air Temperature

Menu Heading: TEMP

Function Text: AIR TEMP
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Centigrade or Fahrenheit

Notes
1. Requires a Temperature Sensor.
2. Audible high/low alarm available.

2.11.2 Apparent Wind Angle

Menu Heading: WIND

Function Text: APP W/A
Update Rate: Twice per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Alignment calibration.
2. Variable damping 0-99 seconds.
3. Analogue indicator available.
4. Audible sector alarm available

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The apparent wind angle is the angle between the boat's bow and
the wind blowing across deck (at mast height). It is a basic
number, useful in its own right like Boat Speed, Heading and
Apparent Wind Speed and provides the starting point for the
higher level, calculated functions.

A special analogue indicator, Magnified Wind Indicator, which only

shows the 0-50 upwind/downwind sector of Apparent Wind Angle
in a magnified form is available. This is described in Part 5 -
Options.

2.11.3 Apparent Wind Speed

Menu Heading: WIND

Function Text: APP W/S
Update Rate: Twice per second
Units: Knots or metres per second

Notes
1. Variable damping 0-99 seconds.
2. Audible, high/low alarm available.
3. Analogue indicator available.

The Apparent Wind Speed is the speed of the wind blowing

across the deck at mast height. A basic number from which the
calculated functions are derived and important in its own right as a
lot of sail choices are judged by the Apparent Wind Speed.

2.11.4 Average Speed

Menu Heading: SPEED

Function Text: AVG SPD
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Knots

Average speed is a trip function that averages your speed through

the water over the period the trip log has been running, i.e.

Trip Log

Time it has been running

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2.11.5 Barometric Pressure

Menu Heading: MISC

Function Text: BAROMETER
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Millibars

Notes
1. Requires pressure sensor.
2. Offset calibration available.

This is essential for the Offshore Sailor, giving not only the
instantaneous barometric value but also the important trends
towards higher or lower pressure. This helps position you in a
weather system and so predict the next change.

After installation it is essential that the calibration (CAL VAL1) of

the pressure sensor is checked against an accurate barometer
and adjusted accordingly. To select CAL VAL1 for calibration
proceed as follows:

MISC → BAROMETER, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1

2.11.6 Barometric Pressure Trend

Menu Heading: MISC

Function Text: PR TREND
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Millibars

This shows the change in pressure over a period of time that can
be set for up to 24 hours. The period can be changed by
selecting a control option in the OPERATION Menu using the
following sequence:

MISC → PR TREND, CONTROL → PERIOD

A reset facility at the same menu level is also provided. This is

selected using the following sequence:

MISC → PR TREND, CONTROL → RESET

This operation resets the data collected to zero.

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2.11.7 Battery Voltage

Menu Heading: MOTOR

Function Text: VOLTS
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Volts

Notes
1. Audible, high/low alarm available.
2. Calibration.

This function measures the voltage that the batteries supply to the
system. This is especially useful for monitoring the supply voltage
offshore enabling you to optimise your engine running time.

To calibrate against another voltmeter, measure the voltage, then

enter this actual voltage in using the following sequence:

MOTOR → VOLTS, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1

2.11.8 Bearing to Waypoint

Menu Heading: WAYPOINT

Function Text: BTW RMB or BTW GC
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Degrees magnetic, degrees
true

Notes
1. Requires interfaced position fixing system.
2. Rhumb, Great Circle, Magnetic or True.

Once the position fixer is connected and sending information, it

automatically appears in the menu and becomes available for
display.

2.11.9 Bearing Waypoint to Waypoint

Menu Heading: WAYPOINT

Function Text: BRG W-W
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Degrees magnetic, degrees
true

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Notes
1. Requires interfaced position fixing system.
2. This is the bearing from a waypoint to the next waypoint in the
position fixer’s route.

2.11.10 Boat Speed

Menu Heading: SPEED

Function Text: BOAT SPD
Update Rate: Four times per second
Units: Knots, MPH or KPH

Notes
1. Port, starboard calibration with automatic facility.
2. Variable damping 0-99 seconds.
3. Acceleration, deceleration indicator.
4. Analogue indicators available.
5. Audible, high/low alarm available.

Boat speed is the most fundamental piece of information on the

Hydra. It is used in many of the calculations of higher functions;
e.g. true wind angle/speed/direction, VMG, the log and trip
functions.

The accurate calibration of the paddlewheel or sonic speed

sensor is essential. Hydra uses simple procedures for calibrating
the speed sensors that are described in Part 4 - Calibration. On
boats fitted with two sensors, connected by a gravity switch, Hydra
will automatically use the calibration factor for the leeward sensor.

Boat speed is shown on the display with a small bar to the left of
the digits that indicates the increase or decrease of speed. The
amount of damping that is applied can be adjusted. This can be
increased to smooth out the display value in rough conditions or
conversely reduced to speed up the response in light conditions.

2.11.11 Course

Menu Heading: NAVIGATE

Function Text: COURSE
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees magnetic

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Note
Requires heel sensor.

This incorporates leeway (Course Made Good) into heading.

Leeway can only be calculated if you have the heel sensor fitted.
Course is the better function for most navigational purposes and
should be used whenever possible.

2.11.12 Course Over Ground

Menu Heading: WAYPOINT

Function Text: CRSE O/G
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Degrees magnetic, true

Note
Requires interfaced position fixer.

Once the position fixer is connected and sending information, it

automatically appears in the menu and becomes available for
display. This is your actual track over ground and is invaluable to
the navigator for dealing with tidal areas.

2.11.13 Dead Reckoning

Menu Heading: NAVIGATE

Function Text: D/R CRSE or D/R DIST
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees magnetic, nautical
miles

Notes
1. Course and distance.
2. Corrected for leeway if heel sensor fitted.
3. Resettable as a trip function.

Formerly the mainstay of all offshore navigation, now with such

widespread use of electronic position fixing equipment it is more
often used as an essential back-up. It can be particularly effective
as an indicator of the net course steered on long offshore legs.
Both the course as a bearing from the start point, and its distance
in nautical miles, can be displayed as separate functions. If the
heel angle sensor is fitted then the course calculation will include
leeway correction.

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In the worst case, a Man Overboard (MOB) situation, immediately

resetting the Dead Reckoning (DR) will bring the vessel back to
the MOB position. DR is the course over the water and not over
the land as would be given by a position fixer.

Fig. 2.3 - Dead Reckoning

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2.11.14 Depth
Menu Heading: DEPTH
Function Text: DEPTH
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Metres, feet and fathoms
Notes
1. Audible, shallow/deep alarm available:
Shallow range 0-99.9m
Deep range unlimited
2. Analogue indicators available.
Depth is one of the most important functions on the boat, being an
essential navigational and safety tool. A datum adjustment allows
you to move the base point to give either depth under the keel or
actual water depth (see Para 2.6.2).
Depth sounder performance is dependent on many factors:
transducer type and installation, boat speed, electrical noise, sea
state, sea bed conditions, air and plankton in the water. But
however good the equipment, there will always be times when a
reliable measurement of depth is not possible. In these cases,
such as following in the wake of another boat, the display shows:

to indicate a signal problem.

The accuracy of the measurement is dependent on the velocity of
sound and the amount the sound penetrates the sea bottom.
Changes in the velocity of sound are not normally significant,
however, errors up to one foot can result from sound penetration
into very soft mud.
2.11.15 Distance to Waypoint
Menu Heading: WAYPOINT
Function Text: DTW RMB or DTW GC
Update Rate: Provided by the position fixer
Units: Nautical miles
Note
Rhumb or Great Circle.
Once the position fixer is connected and transmitting NMEA data,
it automatically appears in the menu and is available for display.

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2.11.16 Fore/Aft Trim

Menu Heading: PERFORM

Function Text: TRIM
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Adjustable for horizontal sensor alignment.
2. Requires clinometer mounted fore and aft.
3. Variable damping 0 - 99 seconds.

Fore and Aft trim is an often ignored factor in Boat Speed, but it is
as important to trim the boat in this plane and to have a record of
the trim angles for various conditions.

2.11.17 Heading

Menu Heading: NAVIGATE

Function Text: HEADING
Update Rate: Twice per second
Units: Degrees magnetic

Notes
1. Adjustable damping, 0-99 sec.
2. Sector alarm available.
3. Sensor alignment calibration.
4. Moving card analogue meter available.
5. Halcyon display available.

This is the compass heading, derived directly from the electronic

Fluxgate Compass. This input for the system allows calculation of
True Wind Direction, dead reckoning and other course related
navigation functions.

An available option is the Halcyon Display which permanently

shows heading in digital form and has a segmented bar graph
display to show off course.

The Halcyon 2000 Compass automatically corrects for deviation

due to the vessel’s magnetic fields.

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2.11.18 Heading on Opposite Tack

Menu Heading: PERFORM

Function Text: OPP TACK
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees magnetic

This gives the heading the vessel would be sailing when on the
opposite tack with the same wind angle, and can be used in
conjunction with a hand bearing compass to tell you when you are
on the layline. It is calculated from Heading and True Wind angle.

2.11.19 Head Lift Trend

Menu Heading: WIND

Function Text: LIFT/HDR
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Requires Halcyon Display.
2. Analogue indicator available.

This function is particularly useful to racing yachtsmen when

sailing up wind. Port and starboard reference courses are entered
into the Halcyon Display and used to calculate whether the boat is
being lifted or headed. It is resettable from the FFD using the
following sequence:

WIND → LIFT/HDR, CONTROL → RESET

2.11.20 Heel Angle

Menu Heading: PERFORM

Function Text: HEEL
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Adjustable for horizontal sensor alignment.
2. Requires clinometer.
3. Variable damping 0 - 99 seconds.

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Heel Angle is a useful option that improves the accuracy of some

of the calculated functions. Heel can be used to give some idea of
the wind pressure when abnormal shear or gradient is affecting
the True Wind Speed. It can also be checked when going upwind
to ensure that the boat is not sailed over its optimum heel angle.

2.11.21 Leeway

Menu Heading: NAVIGATE

Function Text: LEEWAY
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Note
Requires clinometer for heel.

Leeway is the angle between the boats heading and its course
through the water. The difference is caused by the sideways slip
that the boat has when going upwind. For the Hydra to be able to
measure this it needs to know the heel angle, and hence a
clinometer must be fitted. Leeway is of great importance in the
calculation of Dead Reckoning, since leeway can considerably
affect the dead reckoned position.

2.11.22 Layline Distance

Menu Heading: PERFORM

Function Text: LAYLINE
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Nautical miles

Note
Requires NMEA 0183 interfaced position fixing system
transmitting the ZDL sentence.

If tacking upwind or downwind to a waypoint, this function displays

the distance of both left and right-hand laylines by alternating the
display between the two. An L or an R is shown in the right-hand
digits to signify Left or Right laylines respectively. This function is
useful when nearing a waypoint. When the value reaches zero, it is
time to tack or gybe for the mark. The calculation should be
corrected for any tidal offset.

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2.11.23 Local Time of Day

Menu Heading: TIME

Function Text: LOC TIME HR
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Hours, minutes, seconds

Notes
1. Requires NMEA 0183 interfaced position fixing system
transmitting the ZLZ sentence.
2. Check that the Local Time Offset is entered into the position
fixer correctly.

The function normally shows the Local Time of Day in hours and
minutes as given by the position fixer. To reveal minutes and
seconds press the Enter Key once. A further press of the Enter
Key returns the display to hours and minutes.

2.11.24 Mast Angle

Menu Heading: PERFORM

Function Text: MAST ANG
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Requires mast rotation sensor.
2. Offset calibration available.

Required for yachts with rotating masts, such as multi-hulls, that

have the mast rotation sensor fitted. It measures the angle
between the mast and the centreline of the yacht, i.e. the angle it
is twisted off the centreline.

2.11.25 Next Waypoint Distance

Menu Heading: WAYPOINT

Function Text: NEXT WPT NM
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Nautical miles

Note
Requires NMEA 0183 interfaced position fixing system
transmitting the WDC sentence.

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This is the distance in nautical miles from the current selected

waypoint on your position fixer to the next waypoint on route.

2.11.26 Off Course

Menu Heading: NAVIGATE

Function Text: OFF CRSE
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees magnetic

Notes
1. Requires Halcyon Display.
2. Analogue Indicator available.

This function is available when a Halcyon Display is connected to

the system. The amount off course is indicated on the Halcyon bar
graph and shown numerically on other Hydra displays.

A dedicated analogue indicator is also available. For further

information see Part 5 - Options.

It is resettable using the following sequence:

NAVIGATE → OFFCRSE, CONTROL → RESET

2.11.27 Rig Tension

Menu Heading: MISC

Function Text: LINEAR 1
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Linear scale 0-1000

Note
Requires forestay loadcell.

This is useful on racing yachts that require the Genoa Trimmer to

repeat their sail trim much more quickly and consistently than by
eye particularly just after a tack.

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2.11.28 Rudder Angle

Menu Heading: MISC

Function Text: RUDDER
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Requires rudder angle sensor.
2. Offset calibration available.

This function is used to indicate to the Trimmers how well the boat
is balanced.

2.11.29 Sea Temperature

Menu Heading: TEMP

Function Text: SEA TEMP
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees Centigrade/Fahrenheit

Notes
1. Requires temperature sensor.
2. Audible high/low alarm available.

Useful on long distance sailing when ocean currents are

discerned by changes in water temperature. It can be useful in
other ways too. Often the water flowing out of rivers differs in
temperature quite markedly to the sea, and this may help you pick
up the favourable current.

2.11.30 Speed Over Ground

Menu Heading: WAYPOINT

Function Text: SPD O/G
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Knots

Note
Requires interfaced position fixing system.

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This also comes straight from the position fixing system, and is
available, provided it is sent, when the position fixer is connected.
Comparing the speed over ground to the speed you are doing
through the water is a key tactical tool. This is particularly so in
strong tidal waters and at night, when the only indication that the
tide has changed and you are no longer making progress is the
speed over ground.
2.11.31 Stored Log

Menu Heading: LOG

Function Text: STD LOG
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Nautical miles
The stored log runs continually, and is always available as an
accumulative total of the boat's miles. It is not resettable, the trip
log is used for this purpose.
Normally the Log function displays nautical miles to two decimal
places, i.e. 99.99nm (maximum). One press of the Enter Key
expands the display to 0099nm giving a maximum available
display of 9999nm if required.
2.11.32 Tidal Set and Drift
Menu Heading: NAVIGATE
Function Text: TIDE SET or TIDE RTE
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees magnetic, knots
Notes
1. Damping 0-99 minutes.
2. Calibration: Magnetic variation.
3. Some position fixers output the current local magnetic variation
on the NMEA 0183 port using either HVD, HVM, RMA or RMC
sentences. As a result, CAL VAL 1 on the TIDE SET function
will automatically set to the correct variation.
Your position fixer will either supply a true or magnetic bearing to
the Hydra 2000. If it supplies true bearing then you must enter the
magnetic variation into the Hydra 2000. It is found in the menu
under:

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NAVIGATE → TIDE SET, CALBRATE → CAL VAL 1 (MAG

VAR)

Note
If your position fixer sends magnetic bearing, check that the
variation is correctly entered into it.

The calculation involves comparing the course and speed over

the ground, from the position fixer, to the course and speed of the
boat through the water, from dead reckoning. Any differences are
due to the tidal set and drift and can be displayed as such. To
make this accurate the dead reckoning really requires Leeway
input and this in turn requires a heel angle sensor to measure heel
angle.

The damping on this function is adjustable and this can be

important. In rapidly changing tidal situations you need to lower the
damping right down to be able to see changes quickly.
Conversely in a steady tide or current the longer time the
calculation is averaged over, the more accurate the results will be.
The lag in the position fixer’s ability to adjust to rapid changes in
direction, such as tacks, should also be considered when using
the results of this function. When making numerous tacks,
readings should be treated with caution.

2.11.33 Timer

Menu Heading: TIME

Function Text: TIMER
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Hours, minutes and seconds

Note
Individually resettable.

Used to time the start and to record elapsed time during a

handicap race. The timer will act as either a stopwatch or
countdown from 5, 10 or 15 minutes.

Pressing the Enter Key will toggle the display between min/secs
and hrs/mins as indicated on the display.

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2.11.34 Time to Layline

Menu Heading: TIME

Function Text: TIME L/L
Update Rate: Provided by the position fixer
Units: Hours, minutes, seconds

Note
Requires NMEA 0183 interfaced position fixing system
transmitting the ZDL sentence.

This function is linked to layline distance. The information

displayed shows the time to go before reaching the appropriate
layline. A value of zero indicates time to tack or gybe.

2.11.35 Time to Waypoint

Menu Heading: WAYPOINT

Function Text: TTG WPT
Update Rate: Provided by position fixer
Units: Hours, minutes

Note

1. Requires interfaced position fixing system. Calculated directly

by the position fixer, based on an assumed constant speed
over the ground towards the mark.

2.11.36 Trip Log

Menu Heading: LOG

Function Text: TRIP LOG
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Nautical miles

Note
Individually resettable.

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This is the resettable log for recording trip distance and reads
from the moment it is started, in nautical miles. It must be
remembered that this is the distance sailed through the water, not
over the ground. It also forms part of the calculation for Average
Speed. A useful feature is that if it is reset prior to the start of a
race, then when the Timer counts down to zero, the trip log (and
any other trip functions that have been reset) start automatically.

The trip log display can be expanded to display a maximum of

9999 nautical miles by pressing the Enter Key.

2.11.37 True Wind Angle

Menu Heading: WIND

Function Text: TRUE W/A
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Notes
1. Relative to the boat’s heading.
2. Corrected for masthead and other errors via the Look-up Table
(see Part 3 - Calibration).
3. Variable damping 0-99 seconds.

The true wind is calculated from the vector triangle shown in Fig.
2.4. This uses the apparent wind speed, apparent wind angle and
the Boat Speed in the calculation. The results are then corrected
by the true wind correction tables, which are detailed in Part 3 -
Calibration.

Note
The true wind is the wind relative to the water, and is not the same
as the ground wind, unless there is zero tide or current. The true
wind angle is the angle between the boat's heading and the true
wind.

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Fig 2.4 - Wind Angle

2.11.38 True Wind Direction

Menu Heading: WIND

Function Text: TRUE DIR
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees magnetic

Notes
1. Wind angle relative to magnetic compass point.
2. Corrected for masthead and other errors via a Look-Up Table
(see Part 3 - Calibration).
3. Damping control via true wind speed.

This is the tactician's greatest ally in the search for the right wind
shifts. It shows the compass direction of the wind regardless of
the boat's heading or speed. True wind direction is calculated
from the true wind angle and heading, and is corrected for
calibration errors by the true wind look-up table. A full explanation
is given in Part 3 - Calibration.

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2.11.39 True Wind Speed

Menu Heading: WIND

Function Text: TRUE W/S
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Knots, metres per second

Notes
1. Corrected for masthead and other errors via a Look-Up Table
(see Part 3 - Calibration).
2. Variable damping 0-99 seconds.

True wind speed is required by the Trimmers for decisions on

sails, and to check their trim as the wind changes.

When the boat is sailing downwind, the air passing over the mast
is accelerated and tends to make the true wind speed over-read
downwind. The Hydra has a calibration to correct for this which is
explained in Part 3 - Calibration.

2.11.40 Velocity Made Good (VMG)

Menu Heading: SPEED

Function Text: VMG
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Knots

Note
Upwind and Downwind.

Velocity Made Good (VMG) is calculated from the true wind angle
and the Boat Speed as shown in Fig 2.5. VMG is a measure of
your performance upwind and downwind and is more important
than Boat Speed, since it takes into account how close you are
sailing to the wind. However, it is not possible for the helmsman to
sail to it directly because of the momentum of the boat.

As you sail closer to the wind the VMG will initially rise, because
the boat will hold its speed due to its momentum. So VMG
increases and the helmsman, seeing this, would be encouraged
to sail even higher to increase the VMG even more. Of course if
you carry on like this you will eventually end up head to wind, the
boat will stop dead and the VMG will plummet.

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Whilst VMG is an important measure of performance it is best if it

is watched by someone other than the helmsman. This person
should develop a feel for the Boat Speed when the greatest VMG
is attained and then communicate these to the helmsman.

Fig 2.5 - Calculation of VMG

2.11.41 Wind Angle to the Mast

Menu Heading: PERFORM

Function Text: W/A MAST
Update Rate: Once per second
Units: Degrees

Note
Requires mast rotation sensor if a rotating mast is installed.

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PART 3 - CALIBRATION
CONTENTS
Para Page
3.1 INTRODUCTION 3-3
3.2 BOAT SPEED/LOG CALIBRATION 3-4
3.2.1 Principle of Log Calibration 3-4
3.2.2 Preparation for Log Calibration 3-4
3.2.3 Calibration Runs 3-4
3.2.4 Log AUTO CAL Facility 3-5
3.2.5 Log AUTO CAL Procedure 3-6
3.2.6 Manual Calibration 3-7
3.2.7 Boat Speed Calibration (ref. to a Known Value) 3-7
3.2.8 Boat Speed Calibration (Knots, MPH, KPH) 3-8
3.3 APPARENT WIND SPEED/ANGLE
CALIBRATION 3-9
3.3.1 Principles of Wind Speed/Angle Calibration 3-9
3.3.2 Apparent Wind Angle Calibration (AWA) 3-10
3.3.3 Apparent Wind Speed Calibration 3-11
3.4 COMPASS CALIBRATION 3-12
3.4.1 Principles of Compass Calibration
(Super Halcyon 3 & Halcyon 2000 Compasses) 3-12
3.4.2 Heading Node Selection 3-13
3.4.3 Super Halcyon 3 Compass Calibration Procedure3-14
3.4.4 Halcyon 2000 Calibration Procedure 3-15
3.5 HEEL ANGLE/LEEWAY CALIBRATION 3-16
3.5.1 Heel Angle Calibration 3-16
3.5.2 Leeway Calibration 3-17
3.6 TRUE WIND CORRECTION 3-18
3.6.1 True Wind Direction Calibration 3-18
3.6.2 True Wind Speed Calibration 3-21
3.7 DEPTH CALIBRATION 3-22
3.8 BATTERY VOLTS CALIBRATION 3-23
3.9 SEA TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION 3-23
3.9.1 Sea Temperature Offset Calibration 3-23

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CONTENTS (Contd.)

ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig No Page

3.1 Log Calibration Runs 3-5

3.2 Masthead Unit Alignment 3-10
3.3 Leeway Angle Measurement 3-17
3.4 True Wind Direction 3-18
3.5 Upwash 3-19
3.6 True Wind Direction Error 3-20
3.7 Depth Datum 3-22

TABLES

Table No Page

3.1 Example of True Wind Angle Correction Table 3-20

3.2 Example of True Wind Speed Correction Table 3-22

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PART 3 - CALIBRATION

3.1 INTRODUCTION

WARNING - Every care must be taken when undertaking any

Calibration Procedure to ensure that the Hydra 2000 System
is calibrated accurately and correctly. Incorrect calibration
could lead to incorrect navigational information.

Calibration of an integrated instrument system is probably one of

the most misunderstood, processes in the world of yachting.
Rather in the way that fast sails badly trimmed will add little or
nothing to the boat’s performance, racing instruments badly
calibrated, will also achieve very little. This part of the manual
removes some of the mystique and breaks the calibration process
down into a series of simple instructions. These instructions when
carefully undertaken in the right order will consistently produce
good results.

There are four basic inputs to your system that are fundamental to
its integrated approach - Boat Speed, Compass Heading,
Apparent Wind Angle and Apparent Wind Speed.

Without these four basic inputs, correctly calibrated, you cannot

have the more interesting values of true wind speed and direction,
and velocity made good, which are calculated from them. On any
yacht the calibration of these items should be as high on the job
list, after the launch, as making sure the sails fit. Finally, it is crucial
to keep a full record of the process. Appendix 1 contains
calibration tables designed specifically for recording your results.

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3.2 BOAT SPEED/LOG CALIBRATION

3.2.1 Principle of Log Calibration
To calibrate the log it is necessary to work out the number of
revolutions of a paddle-wheel, or sonic pulses per second that
correspond to each knot of Boat Speed. The Boat Speed/Log
calibration value is always shown as Hertz/Knot (Hz/Kt).
The Hydra 2000 allows you to calibrate both a single or a dual
sensor unit. Under normal circumstances with a sensor mounted
on the centreline the single calibration value should be all that is
required.
However, if the sensor unit is not installed close to the centreline,
or if dual paddle-wheels are installed, then calibration on each tack
will be necessary. The Hydra 2000 will always use the calibration
value for the leeward paddle-wheel/sensor, using the heel angle if
it is fitted or the Apparent Wind Angle if it is not.
3.2.2 Preparation for Log Calibration
Before calibrating the log you should ensure that the underwater
unit is correctly aligned as follows:
Paddle-wheel - The moulded arrows on top of the unit
must be pointing forward along the fore and aft line of the
hull. The unit must also be totally free of any weed or
other fouling.
Sonic Speed - Check that the unit is operating correctly
as per the owner's manual.
3.2.3 Calibration Runs
Consecutive runs, under power, at a constant speed, should be
made over a known distance. To eliminate the effect of tidal
conditions, it is advisable to perform at least two runs, preferably
three, along the measured track.
There are three available options for calibrating the log,
Automatically (AUTO CAL), Manually (MANL CAL) or Reference
(REF CAL).

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3.2.4 Log AUTO CAL Facility

This facility enables the user to calibrate the yacht's log accurately
and simply as all calculations are performed internally by the Main
Processor. Referring to the Fig 3.1, A and B are the two markers
for each run and X is the actual distance for each run as
ascertained from the chart.

Fig 3.1 - Log Calibration Runs

The user is required to enter the distance X in nautical miles (CAL

DIST) and then, as the yacht passes marks A and B on each run,
to instruct the system to start (STRT RUN) and stop (STOP RUN)
and finally to end calibration (END CAL) after the last required run
is complete.

Note
The calibration process can be cancelled at any time during the
operation by pressing the Page Key if the operator is not satisfied
with the calibration runs underway, e.g., hampered by another
vessel or wash, etc.

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3.2.5 Log AUTO CAL Procedure

(1) Select Boat Speed on the display.

(2) If BOAT SPD is in Upper Display, press and hold
Scroll Down to select CALBRATE. If BOAT SPD is in
Lower Display, use Scroll Up to select CALBRATE.
(3) Press Enter, display shows the current Boat Speed
reading with AUTO CAL flashing.
(4) Press Enter, display shows the current Boat Speed
reading with SINGLE flashing.
(5) Press Enter twice, display shows the default setting
for the actual calibration distance for each run along the
given course.
(6) Press Enter, CAL DIST will flash. The Scroll Up and
Scroll Down Keys can now be used to select the
appropriate measured distance. Press Enter to accept
new distance. The system is now ready to start the first
calibration run.
(7) Press Scroll Down, STRT RUN appears, flashing.
(8) When crossing the first transit mark of the run, press
Enter. The display now shows the current Boat Speed
reading with STOP RUN flashing.
(9) When crossing the transit mark at the end of the run
press Enter. The display shows the current Boat Speed
reading with END CAL flashing.
(10) Press Scroll Down to select STRT RUN again then
repeat steps (8) and (9).
(11) If only two runs are required, press Enter to end
calibration. The Lower Display will now show the new
calibration value that has automatically been calculated by
the Main Processor. This should be recorded on the chart
provided.

(12) If a third run is required, press Scroll Down to

STRT RUN then repeat from step (8).

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The yacht's log is now calibrated and the new calibration value is
stored permanently in the computer’s memory.
Note
“ERR” will be displayed if the system encountered a problem
during the calibration run. For example, if the calibration distance
was too short.
3.2.6 Manual Calibration
The calibration values can be adjusted directly as shown in
'Examples of Calibration’ included in Part 2 - Operating
Information.
3.2.7 Boat Speed Calibration (ref. to a Known Value)
The following enhancement is only available when the Hydra
Depth Unit is used in conjunction with the Hydra 2000 FFD Display
version later than 5C.
To calibrate the Boat Speed by reference to a known value, e.g.,
another boat with an accurately calibrated log proceed as follows:
Select BOAT SPD KT on the upper half of the FFD Display.
(1) Press Scroll Down until the lower text shows
CALBRATE flashing.
(2) Press Enter, the lower text now shows AUTO CAL
flashing.
(3) Press Scroll Down until the lower text shows REF
CAL flashing.
(4) Press Enter, the lower text now shows REF CAL
along with current Boat Speed.
(5) Press Enter, the lower text now shows REF CAL
flashing and by use of the Scroll Up/Down the
reference speed may be adjusted.
(6) Press Enter, the new speed value is accepted and
the upper display will show the re-calibrated boat speed.

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3.2.8 Boat Speed Calibration (Knots, MPH, KPH)

To select and calibrate the required boat speed units proceed as
follows:
(1) Press Scroll Up until the upper text shows LOG
flashing.
(2) Press Enter, the upper text now shows STD LOG
flashing.
(3) Press Scroll Up until the upper text shows TRIP
LOG flashing.
(4) Press Enter until the upper text shows TRIP LOG
and the current value.
(5) Press Scroll Down until the lower text shows
CALBRATE flashing.
(6) Press Enter, the lower text now shows CAL VAL 1
flashing.
(7) Press Scroll Down repeatedly and the lower text will
cycle through CAL VAL 1, CAL VAL 2, and CAL
VAL 3.
When CAL VAL 1 is displayed:
(8) Press Enter and the lower text shows SPD KTS.
When CAL VAL 2 is displayed:
(9) Press Enter and the lower text shows SPD MPH.
When CAL VAL 3 is displayed:
(10) Press Enter, the lower text shows SPD KPH.
For whichever selection is made:
(11) Press Enter, the lower text now shows SPD KTS,
SPD MPH, or SPD KPH with the current boat speed
value in its original units.
(12) Press Enter, the current boat speed value, in its
original units, will flash.

(13) Press Enter, the current boat speed will be

converted to and displayed in the newly selected units.

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3.3 APPARENT WIND SPEED/ANGLE CALIBRATION

3.3.1 Principles of Wind Speed/Angle Calibration

Wind shear and wind gradient can be a problem when calibrating

apparent Wind Speed and Angle. It is easy to see how shear can
affect the Apparent Wind Angle; no sooner have you set it up than
the shear changes and everything is out again. This can lead to a
circular situation if you are not careful. The best solution is to do
your calibration on a day when the shear is minimal and thereafter
leave it as an indicator of the Wind Angle at the masthead, always
remembering that this is not necessarily the wind angle that you
are sailing at.

How do you know the shear is minimal? If you are finding it easier
to attain speed on one tack than the other, then there is shear. A
good look at the general weather conditions is also helpful. Do not
calibrate in building sea breezes!

What of wind gradient then? Well, this is the biggest culprit for
getting true wind speeds accused of gross inaccuracy. The
problem is that most people use the wind speed as a measure of
the pressure or force of the wind, which it is not. It is a measure of
the wind speed at the top of the mast, and that is all. If it is 12kts at
the top of the mast and only 4kts at the water, then the breeze will
feel a lot softer and provide less power for the rig than if the
breeze is twelve knots all the way down to the water.

This is why we recommend that the last thing you touch is the
Apparent Wind Speed. It is calibrated in the factory where wind
tunnel calibrated units are available, and apparent inaccuracies are
more likely attributable to effects such as wind gradient, rather
than to a basic calibration problem.

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3.3.2 Apparent Wind Angle Calibration (AWA)

To discover the AWA alignment error we can employ one of two

techniques. The first is simply to go head to wind and read the
value of the Apparent Wind Angle. If it reads anything other than 0,
you have an error. For example, if the Apparent Wind Angle reads
4° then you should enter -4 as the calibration value. If it is less
than 0 then the opposite applies.

The second method involves a sailing trial as shown in Fig 3.2 -

Masthead Unit Alignment.

Fig 3.2 - Masthead Unit Alignment

(1) Whilst monitoring APP W/A on a display, sail upwind

at the optimum close hauled angle.

(2) When conditions are steady, write down the mean

APP W/A reading.

(3) Tack the vessel and sail at the optimum close haul
position as before.

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(4) When conditions are again steady, write down the

mean APP W/A reading.

(5) Repeat steps (1) to (4) inclusive at least two or three

times to obtain an average APP W/A for each tack.

(6) Calculate the angle difference between the port and

starboard tacks and divide the result by two to give the
MHU alignment error for entry into the system. If the
readings were less on port than on starboard tack, the
value to be entered should be negative as denoted by the
minus sign in the left of the calibration value.

The calibration value is entered into the system via the

menu choice:

WIND → APP W/A, CALBRATE → MHU ANGL

Full details are given in ‘Examples of Calibration’ contained in Part

2 - Operating Information.

3.3.3 Apparent Wind Speed Calibration

Although you are strongly discouraged from changing the

apparent wind speed calibration, should you need to do it, then the
changes are made in the system menu under:

WIND → APP W/S, CALBRATE → MHU CAL

and

WIND → APP W/S, CALBRATE → MHU OFFS

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3.4 COMPASS CALIBRATION

3.4.1 Principles of Compass Calibration (Super Halcyon 3

& Halcyon 2000 Compasses)

B&G's Autoswing Compasses contain software that allows them

to record the magnetic fields in the yacht that are causing the
deviation errors. It calculates the corrections every time the boat
completes a 540° turn - Super Halcyon 3 or 360° turn - Halcyon
2000, provided the following conditions are met:

(a) The 540° turn - Super Halcyon 3 or 360° turn -

Halcyon 2000 is completed in the same direction.

(b) The rate of change of heading does not exceed 3°/s;

i.e. the turn should take about 3 minutes to complete.

(c) The rate of change of heading must not fall below 0.2
of a degree per second during the 540° turn - Super
Halcyon 3, i.e. the 540° turn must not take longer than 45
minutes.

(d) The rate of change in heading is constant.

(e) Automatic calibration has been utilised by connecting

the brown wire from the compass at the junction box.
(Super Halcyon 3 Compass only)

(f) The compass is installed in a location free from

magnetic interference such as iron keels, engines,
loudspeakers etc. Consideration should also be given to
electrical cables that may carry excessive currents (e.g.
navigation lights).

(g) The compass is installed in a location as close to the

centre line of the boat as possible. Avoid areas such as
the fore peak and the sides of the hull where the effects
of pitch and roll are at their greatest.

(h) On steel hulled vessels, the compass will need to be

installed above decks away from the effects of the hull.
Ideally, the compass should be installed 4-5m (12-16ft)
above deck level.

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3.4.2 Heading Node Selection

The Hydra 2000 System can accept heading data from a variety
of different sources. These different sources are known as
Address Nodes and allow the system to identify which heading
devices are connected to the system. The list below shows the
various sources of heading available with its respective address
node:

Device Node
Super Halcyon 3 Compass 5
Halcyon 2000 Compass 16
Type PLC Pilot 17
Type ACP Pilot 18
NMEA Heading (NMEA FFD) 96

Enter the required heading node by following the procedure

below:

(a) Press the Scroll Up key until NAVIGATE is shown in

the text, flashing.

(b) Press Enter.

(c) Press the Scroll Up key again until the display shows
COURSE °M flashing.

(d) Press Enter. COURSE °M will now stop flashing.

(e) Press Scroll Down until the display shows

CALBRATE.

(f) Press Enter 3 times. The display now shows HDG NO

and will display a value which flashes.

(g) Use the Scroll Up and Scroll Down keys to change

the value to the required setting.

(h) Press Enter.

(I) Switch the system off, and then back on again to

complete the calibration process.

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Notes
(1) Hydra Pilots, Hercules Pilots, HS Pilots and Halcyon FFDs will
also require the Heading Node to be set to your desired choice.
Refer to the relevant user manual for further information.
(2) 20/20 displays will require Heading to be re-selected. Simply
re-select this function and refer to section 5.6.5 for more
information.

3.4.3 Super Halcyon 3 Compass Calibration Procedure

(1) Check for any magnetic devices placed near the

compass, especially ones that are out of their normal
places.

(2) On a calm day select a stretch of open water with

little traffic, (so you will not have to take avoiding action
that would ruin the calibration). The flatter the water and
the less the wind the easier it will be to meet the
conditions for the calibration.

(3) Check for any large steel structures nearby that may
cause additional erratic deviations.

(4) At a speed of about three knots slowly motor the

boat through a full one and a half turns (540°), taking six
to fifteen minutes to complete the one and a half turns. At
this rate the heading should be changing at no faster than
one degree every second. Having a watch beside the
compass display should considerably assist the
helmsman in monitoring the rate of turn. The rate of turn is
indicated on the Halcyon Display.

(5) When the compass has completed its calibration, the

displayed heading will rotate in the opposite direction for
360° and settle on the correct bearing to indicate the
calibration is complete. You should continue to turn until
you see this.

Note
If the displayed heading does not reverse, the calibration was
discarded because the conditions were not met. You must start
again, or try another day when wind and wave conditions are
calmer.

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(6) Eliminate any constant error in heading. These are

normally checked for by using shore-based transits, once
the error is known it can be eliminated by entering the
value into the Hydra under:

NAVIGATE → HEADING, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1

For example, the compass was reading 320 degrees and it

should read 316, then the value to enter would be -4.

3.4.4 Halcyon 2000 Calibration Procedure

(1) Check for any magnetic devices placed near the

compass, especially ones that are out of their normal
places.

(2) On a calm day select a stretch of open water with

little traffic (so you will not have to take avoiding action
that would ruin the calibration). The flatter the water and
the less the wind the easier it will be to meet the
conditions for calibration.

(3) Check for any large steel structures nearby, that may
cause additional, erratic deviations.

(4) Scroll to the NAVIGATE menu and select COMP

CAL on the top half of the display. The display shows
OFF.

(5) Press Scroll Down until the lower text shows

CALBRATE flashing.

(6) Press the Enter key twice to display START and a

default setting of ‘0’.

(7) Press the Enter key once and the ‘0’ starts to flash.
Use the Scroll Up key to change the value to ‘1’.

(8) Press the Enter key. The display now shows 000°.

(9) At a speed not exceeding five knots, turn the boat

through 360° at a rate not greater than 2-3° per second.

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The display will show the amount of turn completed so

far. Continue to turn the boat until the display shows
PASS or FAIL.

Notes
1. The compass calibration swing may be aborted at any time.
To do this, press the Enter key once. Next, using the Scroll
Down key change the value from ‘1’ to ‘0’, and then press Enter
to store. The display will now show OFF.
2. The first time the system is switched on, or after a system
reset, the Heading will alternate with CAL. This is to indicate to the
user that the compass must be calibrated. This will disappear after
the compass has been calibrated.

(10) Eliminate any constant error in heading. These are

normally checked for by using shore-based transits, once
the error is known it can be eliminated by entering the
value into the Hydra under:

NAVIGATE → HEADING, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1

For example, the compass was reading 320 degrees and it

should read 316, then the value to enter would be -4.

3.5 HEEL ANGLE/LEEWAY CALIBRATION

Calibration of Heel Angle and Leeway is only necessary if a Heel

Angle Sensor is fitted to the yacht. The fitting of this sensor is
highly recommended because it allows the calculation of Leeway
and hence course corrected for Leeway which is used in the
calculation of Dead Reckoning.

3.5.1 Heel Angle Calibration

The Heel Angle Sensor should be mounted as upright as

possible, to read zero when the boat is upright. However any error
can be removed by means of Heel Angle Calibration.

The heel angle should be recorded by a visual check from astern,

on a calm day with the boat lying on slack warps in the dock, head
to wind, all the gear stowed in its normal place, and anyone
onboard standing on the centreline.

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Under these conditions it should be zero, any error can be taken

out by the Heel Angle Calibration by adding, or subtracting, the
error from the existing calibration.

Heel Angle Calibration is to be found in the system menu under:

PERFORM → HEEL, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1

3.5.2 Leeway Calibration

Calibrating Leeway is difficult and it may be more accurate to

consult the designer for the vessel’s theoretical figure. In the
absence of a figure a calculation of Leeway Coefficient can be
made using the following formula:

L =KxH
Bs x Bs

where: Bs = Boat Speed

K = Leeway Coefficient
H = Heel Angle
L = Leeway Angle
K the constant that needs to be entered. To establish a value for
leeway coefficient it is necessary to measure the leeway angle at
a particular heel angle and boat speed. One method for this is
shown In Fig 3.3 - Leeway Angle Measurement.

Fig 3.3 Leeway Angle Measurement

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The idea is to sail on a steady course and drop markers over the
stern at regular intervals, the angle between them and the
centreline of the yacht is measured with a hand-bearing compass
and hence leeway angle is measured. Whilst this is happening the
boat speed and heel angle should be noted at intervals and an
average calculated. These values can then be used to calculate
the leeway coefficient from the following expression:
K = L x Bs x Bs
H
Once the leeway coefficient 'K' is known it is entered into the
system under:
NAVIGATE → LEEWAY, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1

3.6 TRUE WIND CORRECTION

It is finally time to go sailing and begin the calibration of the True
Wind Speed and Direction. But before we begin the 'how' a short
discussion of the 'why' is worthwhile.
3.6.1 True Wind Direction Calibration
Why you need to have further calibration for True Wind Direction
will become clear when you go sailing. The true wind might vary in
direction from tack to tack, independently of any wind shifts. This
phenomenon has come to be known as the true wind “tacking”.
This happens because the true wind angle that the instruments are
calculating is wrong.

Fig 3.4 - True Wind Direction

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The reason for this is a variety of errors when calculating the true
wind angle from the apparent wind angle, one of the largest of
which is Upwash, an aerodynamic effect which is shown in Fig 3.5

The apparent wind that the instruments measure is actually

deflected by the rig and sails from the 'real' apparent wind angle
that we need to use to calculate the true wind. Add to this the
various twisting effects of the mast and the Masthead Unit.

It is easy to see the true wind direction 'tack' as little as 2-3

degrees, which would mean the correction factors being as
accurate as 0.5°, or about 1%. The Hydra 2000 has a simple,
easy to use method for correcting these errors.

The problem stems from the true wind direction 'tacking' as the
boat manoeuvres from tack to tack. We need to know the error
that the true wind suffers in any manoeuvre, be it a normal upwind
tack, a reach to reach tack, or a downwind gybe.

Fig 3.5 - Upwash

Once the error is known, it can be entered as a correction at the

current true wind speed. The aim is to build up a table of
corrections similar to that shown in Table 3.1 - Example of True
Wind Correction Table.

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Wind Angle True Wind Speed

5 10 15 20 25 30
Upwind 2 4 3 2 1 1
Reaching 3 5 6 5 4 3
Downwind 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 3.1 - Example of True Wind Angle Correction Table

The formatted table (Table 3.1) is carried in the Hydra 2000

memory and it is necessary to determine and enter the relevant
corrections for true wind direction. The correction is calculated
empirically and from which some general rules can be
determined.

Fig 3.6 - True Wind Direction Error

Fig 3.6 is a typical situation, sailing on a port tack, upwind, in a ten

knot wind, the true wind direction reads 210°. The vessel then
tacks to starboard and is maintained on a steady course. The true
wind direction now reads 200°. There is a 10° error tack to tack.

The true wind direction should read 205° on both tacks. To correct
the true wind angle so that the true wind direction reads 205° on
both tacks, 5° should be added to the true wind angle. As a
general rule it can be said:

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If the wind direction is higher on port tack than starboard

tack, ADD HALF the DIFFERENCE in readings between the
two tacks to the true wind angle.

The converse will apply:

If the wind direction is lower on port tack than on starboard,

SUBTRACT HALF the DIFFERENCE in the readings between
the two tacks, to the true wind angle.

This method is used when tacking upwind, gybing downwind or

tacking reach to reach.
The correction value at each point in the table is entered into the
Hydra 2000 memory. The true wind correction facility, is then
found in the menu by:

WIND → TRUE W/A, CALBRATE → CORRECTION

Using Scroll Up or Scroll Down until the one required value to be
corrected is found. In this example it would be "upwind, 10 knots".
Having scrolled through to this, press the Enter Key. This will
allow entry of the required number of degrees correction (i.e. +5).
Use the Scroll Up and Scroll Down Keys to increase or
decrease the value accordingly.
Pressing the Enter Key sets this figure in the Hydra 2000
memory.
At initial calibration it is important to enter the same value of
correction to the wind speeds either side of the one you are using.
This is to avoid the true wind direction jumping in value when the
wind speed drops or increases outside the range you are
correcting. When the table entries approach completion it will be
possible to enter individual changes as other corrections will be
accurate enough to avoid any strange "step" changes as the true
wind speed varies.
It is very important to enter all these corrections into a Calibration
Chart. In this way any large gaps in the correction table will be
noticed where no entries have been made.
3.6.2 True Wind Speed Calibration
True Wind Speed suffers from another, mainly aerodynamic
problem, where it tends to over-read downwind because of
accelerated airflow over the top of the mast. It is possible to

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correct for this by applying a downwind correction to the True

Wind Speed. This correction is applied at 180° true wind angle
and then linearly interpolated to zero at 90° true wind angle. Bear
away quickly from close-hauled to dead downwind and watch the
increase in true wind speed. Then the difference is entered as a
negative correction. The table will look similar to Table 3.2.

Wind Angle True Wind Speed

5 10 15 20 25 30
Downwind 180 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5

Table 3.2 - Example of True Wind Speed Correction Table

The corrections are found in the menu under:
WIND → TRUE W/S, CALBRATE → CORRECTION
They are entered in the same way as the true wind direction
corrections. Remember to enter the values on your correction
chart in Appendix 1.

3.7 DEPTH CALIBRATION

A typical transducer installation is through the hull at a suitable

position between the water line and the bottom of the keel. A
DATUM (offset value) can be set, such that the depth display
refers to either the water line or the keel line.

Fig 3.7 - Depth Datum

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The datum is entered under:

DEPTH → DEPTH, CALBRATE → DATUM
3.8 BATTERY VOLTS CALIBRATION
The Hydra 2000 constantly monitors the yacht's battery supply
which can be called up on any display, giving a reading in volts.
This is calibrated by the manufacturer and should not require
adjustment except in exceptional circumstances or after a system
reset.
If it is necessary to calibrate this function a suitable voltmeter is
required.
The calibration value is found in the menu in:
MOTOR → VOLTS, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1
Using the independent voltmeter, measure the battery supply at
terminals 18 (+) and 17 (-) at the Computer Unit connection block.
CAL VAL1 is altered to match the value from the voltmeter.
3.9 SEA TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION
If a suitable temperature sensor is fitted, the Hydra 2000 will
monitor the current sea temperature. The paddle-wheel has a
sensor incorporated within it, in this case no further action is
required.
If the sensor is a totally independent fitting (B&G Part No. 223-00-
027) then it is necessary to change the sensor selection value.
This value is found in:
TEMP → SEA TEMP, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1 (SENSORS)
The default selection value is a 1, we need to change it to a 2.
3.9.1 Sea Temperature Offset Calibration
To calibrate SEA TEMP C or SEA TEMP F proceed as follows:
(1) Select SEA TEMP C on upper half on FFD Display.
(2) Press Scroll Down until the lower text shows
CALBRATE flashing.
(3) Press Enter, the lower text now shows CAL VAL 1
flashing.

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(4) Press Scroll Down the lower text now shows CAL
VAL 2 flashing.

(5) Press Enter, the lower text now shows OFFSET C.

(6) Press Enter, the lower text now shows OFFSET C

flashing and by use of Scroll Up/Down the temperature
should be changed to the reference value.

(7) Press Enter, the offset value is accepted and the

upper display will show the adjusted measured
temperature.

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PART 4 - INSTALLATION INFORMATION

CONTENTS
Para Page

4.1 INTRODUCTION 4-2

4.2 INSTALLATION DATA SHEETS 4-3

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PART 4 - INSTALLATION INFORMATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This part of the manual contains information relating to the

interconnection of the units that make up the Hydra 2000 System.
It is provided to enable a qualified technician to fault find or
undertake the installation of additional units and thereby increase
the number of functions available.

The information provided consists of drawing sheets showing

equipment options and the interconnections between them. Also
on the installation data sheets are details of cables, cable colours,
instructions for installation and notes to assist the technician.

The installation sheets following are:

1. Sonic Speed Unit and Sonic Transducers

2. Depth Transducer, Sonic Speed and Sea Temperature
3. Multiple Linear Sensor Inputs
4. Analogue Meters
5. Alarm Unit, Network and Power Supply
6. Network Terminator
7. Super Halcyon 3 and 213 Masthead Unit
8. Twin XTL Fins Gravity Switch
9. Change-over Switch
10. Hydra System Example Reference
11. Depth Transducer and Paddle/Sea Temperature Sensor
12. Clinometer and Barometric Pressure Sensor
13. NMEA Full Function Display
14. Non-NMEA Full Function Display

Note
All cable screens should be connected under the metal clamp bar
located on the processor case.

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4.2 INSTALLATION DATA SHEETS

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8-BUTTON NMEA FULL FUNCTION

DISPLAY INSTALLATION SHEET

NMEA FFD CABLE FFD CABLE SYSTEM NMEA NMEA REMOTE

FUNCTION COLOUR NETWORK INPUT OUTPUT BUTTON
Network Data -ve Green Green
Network Data +ve White White
Network Cable Shield Shield Shield Shield
Ground Black Black Blue Blue
Supply +ve Red Red
NMEA Input Signal Brown Red
NMEA Input Return Blue Blue
NMEA Output Signal Violet Red
Remote Control Button Yellow Red

INSTALLATION NOTES
• An NMEA FFD can be connected at any point on the system network. Typically an
NMEA FFD is mounted close to the NMEA device; for example at the chart table next to
the GPS, thus minimising the NMEA cable routes.
• NMEA FFD's can be used in combination with all other display types; that is standard
FFD's, Halcyon displays, 20/20 and Pilot displays.

SCREENED CABLES
• Shielded NMEA cables are supplied to provide protection against unwanted emissions
(EMC) and must be connected in accordance with these instructions.
• NMEA cable shields must be connected at the TRANSMITTING end.
• The NMEA output cable shield should be connected to the other cable shields in the
junction box supplied.

NETWORK TERMINATION
If the NMEA FFD is the last unit on the system network a network terminator MUST be fitted
across the network data wires, that is between the green and white wires. Only two network
terminators are required per system.

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8-BUTTON FULL FUNCTION

DISPLAY WIRING DETAILS

FFD CABLE FFD CABLE SYSTEM REMOTE

FUNCTION COLOUR NETWORK BUTTON
Network Data -ve Green Green
Network Data +ve White White
Network Cable Shield Shield Shield
Ground Black Black Blue
Supply +ve Red Red
Remote Control Button Yellow Red
Not used Brown

INSTALLATION NOTES FOR HYDRA 2000

• The system requires at least one FFD.
• An FFD can be connected at any point on the system network.
• Multiple FFD's can be used on the system network. Each can control and enter data into
the system processor memory.
• FFD's can be used in combination with all other display types; that is NMEA FFD's,
Halcyon displays, 20/20 and Pilot displays.

SCREENED CABLES
• Shielded cables are supplied to provide protection against unwanted emissions (EMC) and
must be connected in accordance with these instructions.

NETWORK TERMINATION
• If the FFD is the last unit on the system network a network terminator MUST be fitted across
the network data wires, that is between the green and white wires.

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PART 5 - OPTIONS

CONTENTS
Para Page
5.1 SYSTEM EXPANSION 5-3
5.2 SENSORS 5-3
5.2.1 Trim Angle Sensor 5-3
5.2.2 Mast Rotation Sensor 5-3
5.2.3 Heel Angle Sensor 5-3
5.2.4 Barometric Pressure Sensor 5-3
5.2.5 Rudder Angle Sensor 5-3
5.2.6 Sea Temperature Sensor 5-4
5.2.7 Air Temperature Sensor 5-4
5.2.8 Load Cells 5-4
5.2.9 Sensor Input Configuration 5-4
5.3 ANALOGUE INDICATORS 5-5
5.3.1 Options Available 5-5
5.3.2 Analogue Indicator Configuration 5-6
5.3.3 Meter Scaling 5-7
5.4 GRAVITY SWITCH 5-7
5.5 AUDIBLE ALARM 5-7
5.6 20/20 DISPLAY 5-8
5.6.1 The Display 5-8
5.6.2 Display Configuration 5-8
5.6.3 Function Selection - Remote Push-Button 5-9
5.6.4 Function Selection - FFD 5-9
5.6.5 Re-configuring 20/20 Display 5-10
5.7 HALCYON 2000 COMPASS 5-10
5.8 HALCYON DISPLAY 5-11
5.8.1 The Keys 5-12
5.8.2 Power/Lights Key 5-12
5.8.3 Page Key 5-12
5.8.4 Off Course Function 5-12
5.8.5 Stored Course Function 5-13
5.8.6 Head/Lift Trend Function 5-13

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CONTENTS (Contd.)

Para Page

5.8.7 Set-up Port and Starboard References 5-14

5.8.8 Head Lift Trend - FFD 5-14
5.8.9 Head/Lift Trend - 20/20 Display 5-15
5.8.10 Turn Rate Function 5-15

5.9 EXPANSION PROCESSOR 5-16

5.9.1 The Expansion Processor 5-16
5.9.2 Linear Function Settings 5-16
5.9.3 Calibrating a Linear Channel 5-17
5.9.4 Expansion Processor Wiring 5-18

ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig No Page

5.1 20/20 Display 5-8

5.2 Halcyon Display 5-11

TABLE

Table No Page

5.1 Analogue Indicators Available 5-5

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PART 5 - OPTIONS
5.1 SYSTEM EXPANSION
The Hydra 2000 System may be expanded to provide a wider
range of facilities and features by the addition of further displays,
sensors, and interfaces. These Options are described in the
following Paragraphs.

5.2 SENSORS
There are four linear inputs into the Main Processor which enable
further sensors to be connected. In addition, the Expansion Unit
which has 12 extra inputs is also available.
5.2.1 Trim Angle Sensor

Provides measurement of the boat’s trim, using a clinometer.

5.2.2 Mast Rotation Sensor

This is essential if your mast rotates, otherwise you lose all the
wind angle functions. The addition of this unit gives two new
functions, the Wind Angle to the Mast (W/A MAST) and Mast
Angle (MAST ANG)

5.2.3 Heel Angle Sensor

By sensing Heel Angle and applying this value with that of the
functions of Course and Dead Reckoning, Leeway can be
calculated.

5.2.4 Barometric Pressure Sensor

Measures the atmospheric pressure, allowing the Main Processor

to record atmospheric pressure changes over varying periods of
time displayed as pressure trend.

5.2.5 Rudder Angle Sensor

The addition of a Rudder Angle sensor can be very useful,

indicating how the boat is balanced.

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5.2.6 Sea Temperature Sensor

Measures the sea water temperature.
5.2.7 Air Temperature Sensor
Measures local air temperature.
5.2.8 Load Cells
Facility is also provided for the input of load cell data. The load
cells should provide an output of 0-6.5 volts.
5.2.9 Sensor Input Configuration
Additional sensors can be added to the system by connecting to
one of the four linear inputs on the Main Processor or the
additional inputs on the Expansion Unit. These can be configured
to take different sensors. If you connect the sensor to the linear
input that B&G have anticipated then you need take no action
beyond the connection itself, since the default linear input
configuration will be the right one. The default settings for the four
inputs on the Main Processor are as follows:
Linear 1 = Heel Angle
Linear 2 = Trim Angle
Linear 3 = Barometric Pressure
Linear 4 = 0 to 1000 format
Should you wish to connect one of the other sensors, then you will
have to reconfigure the linear channel that you are connecting it to.
This is done by following the menu path:
MISC → LINEAR X, CALBRATE → CAL VAL1
The number you enter to CAL VAL1 should correspond to the
sensor you are connecting as follows:
1 = Normal Linear output 0-1000
2 = 152 Wind Speed
3 = Mast Angle Sensor
4 = Heel Angle Sensor
5 = Trim Angle Sensor
6 = Barometric Pressure Sensor
7 = Rudder Angle Sensor

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Note
Do not select the same number on more than one linear input,
otherwise the selection will be ignored (no function can be
connected to more than one input).
5.3. ANALOGUE INDICATORS
5.3.1 Options Available

Type of Indicator Scale B&G Part Number

Boat Speed 0 to 12.5 knots 215-HL-019
Boat Speed 0 to 25 knots 215-HL-058
Boat Speed 0 to 50 knots 215-HL-154
Wind Speed 0 to 25 215-HL-071
metres/second
Wind Speed 0 to 50 knots 215-HL-022
Wind Direction 360° wind direction 215-HL-016
Magnified Wind 40-0-40 degrees 215-HL-017
Direction
Head/Lift Trend* 40-0-40 degrees 215-HL-152
Depth 0 to 200 metres 215-HL-025
Depth 0 to 100 Ft/fathoms 215-HL-026
Compass Card 360° 215-HL-142
Cross Track 10-0-10 nautical miles 215-HL-119
Error
(XTE)
Off Course* 40-0-40° 215-HL-151
Heel Angle 40-0-40° 215-HL-160
Rudder Angle 40-0-40° 215-HL-158

Table 5.1 - Analogue Indicators Available

Up to four different types of analogue indicators, selected from

the range listed in Table 5.1 can be added to the system. If more
analogues are required then the Expansion Unit can be used,
allowing another four indicators to be added to the system.

Note
Items marked with an asterisk are only available with the Halcyon
Display.

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5.3.2 Analogue Indicator Configuration

If meters other than the defaults are chosen then it is necessary to

reconfigure the outputs. This is done from any FFD as follows:

(1) Power up the system from any FFD while holding

down the Enter Key, DIAGNOST appears.

(2) Press Scroll Up, CNFG SYS appears, press Enter to

select this option. Now press Enter again to select the
METERS option.

(3) With OPTIONS flashing, press Enter, METER 1

appears, the Scroll Up Key is now used to scroll through
the meter outputs. (Refer to the installation sheet to
determine the meter options and their respective meter
drives).

(4) With the appropriate meter output flashing in the top

display, press Enter to reveal the current option assigned
to that meter. Pressing Scroll Up at this stage, and then
Enter again, will reveal the METER 2 option. Repeating
this process will reveal the METER 3 and METER 4
options as required.

(5) Press Enter, the lower text will flash. Use Scroll
Down to scroll through the options until the appropriate
one (e.g. DEPTH) is shown. Pressing Enter will select
that option, and the meter output will be configured to
drive a DEPTH meter.

(6) Press Page to return to normal operation.

Note
It is possible to configure more than one meter drive to the same
meter option (e.g. BOAT SPD on METER 1 and METER 2).

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5.3.3 Meter Scaling

Meter scaling can also be varied for boat speed and wind speed.
For example if a 25 knot full scale Boat Speed Meter is required,
this can be done as follows:

(1) Follow steps (1) and (2) as detailed in Para 5.3.3.

(2) With OPTIONS flashing, press Scroll Up to reveal

SCALING and press Enter, BOAT SPD will appear. A
further press of Enter will reveal the current maximum
meter scale value for the Boat Speed Meter.

(3) To change this (e.g. to 25 knots) press Enter and

then Scroll Up to increase the number to 25.0. A final
press of Enter will then enter the new maximum scale.
The Boat Speed Meter will read between 0 and 25 knots.

(4) Press Page to return to normal operation.

5.4 GRAVITY SWITCH

In installations where two speed sensors or depth transducers are

fitted a gravity change over switch can be fitted to automatically
select the leeward sensor. A switch on the outside of the unit over
rides the automatic selection if required, for example when
calibrating the individual speed sensors.

5.5 AUDIBLE ALARM

The Main Processor contains a relay switch for an external audible

alarm if required.

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5.6 20/20 DISPLAY

5.6.1 The Display
The 20/20 is a fully programmable, single function, large digit,
display which may be installed anywhere in the yacht.

Fig 5.1 - 20/20 Display

5.6.2 Display Configuration
The 20/20 may be configured to display any function available on
your Hydra 2000 System. It is however provided with 14 pre-set
functions which may be selected by use of a Remote Button
connected to the display or via any FFD on the system.
The pre-set functions are as follows:

Boat Speed Depth m

Depth ft Apparent Wind Speed
Apparent wind Angle True Wind Speed
True Wind Angle Velocity Made Good
True Wind Direction Timer Count Up/Down
Compass heading Course Over Ground*
Bearing to Waypoint* Speed Over Ground*
Note
Functions marked with an * are NMEA Functions and are available
only when a suitable Position Fixer is interfaced with the system.

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5.6.3 Function Selection - Remote Push-Button

If a Remote Button is connected to a 20/20 Display any one of the
14 pre-set functions may be selected by pressing and holding
down the associated Button. The Display will then cycle through
the functions. When the required function is displayed, release the
Button.
If the Button is held down too long and the required function is
missed, press and hold down the Button again. The Display will
then cycle though the functions in reverse order. When the
required function is displayed, release the Button.
5.6.4 Function Selection - FFD
An alternative to using a dedicated Remote Push-button, is to
control the 20/20 using any one of the standard FFDs on the
system. Any 20/20 can be controlled from any FFD.
To change the function displayed on a 20/20 using a standard
FFD, proceed as follows:
(1) At the FFD, press and hold down the Page Key for at
least 3 seconds. The FFD Display will change to show
the function displayed on the 20/20 together with the
display number. The selected Display will start to flash.
(2) Using the Scroll Down Key cycle through the 20/20
numbers and select the required Display Number.
(3) Using the Scroll Up Key cycle through the 14 pre-set
functions until the required function is displayed on the
FFD. Release the Scroll Up Key.
(4) If the function is missed, press and hold down the
Scroll Up Key and the functions will cycle through in
reverse order. Release the Scroll Up Key when the
required function is displayed.
(5) Press the Page Key. The FFD will now return to
normal operation and the 20/20 will display the selected
function.

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5.6.5 Re-configuring 20/20 Display

In addition to the 14 pre-set functions, any one of the 20/20
Displays may be re-configured to show any other function
available to the system. This feature allows any 20/20 to be set-up
to show the information most useful to the user at that station in
the yacht.
The procedure for re-configuring a 20/20 function is as follows:
(1) At the FFD, press and hold down the Page Key for at
least 3 seconds. The FFD will change to show the
function displayed on the 20/20 together with the display
number.
(2) Using the Scroll Down Key, cycle through the 20/20
numbers and select the one required.
(3) Using the Scroll Up Key select the function you wish
to change.
(4) Press the Enter Key and the function currently being
displayed on the 20/20 will start to flash.
(5) Press and hold down the Scroll Up Key and cycle
through the normal FFD Menu until the required function
choice is displayed (e.g. NAVIGATE).
(6) Press and hold down the Scroll Down Key until the
required operational choice is displayed (e.g. COURSE).
(7) Press the Enter Key to accept the selection.
(8) Press the Page Key and the FFD will return to
normal operation and the 20/20 displays the newly
configured page.
Note
Latitude and Longitude are not available on a 20/20 Display.
5.7 HALCYON 2000 COMPASS
The Halcyon 2000 Compass is a high performance electronic
transmitting compass connected to your Hydra 2000. Heading
information may be selected for display on any of the FFDs or on
a Halcyon Display. Moving card type analogue indicators are
available as an option.

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The Halcyon 2000 software allows the compass to compensate

for the magnetic fields in the vessel that may cause deviation
errors. These errors can be reduced significantly by following the
Calibration procedure described in Part 3.

5.8 HALCYON DISPLAY

The Halcyon Display is a dedicated electronic compass display

which may be connected to your Hydra 2000 System in a similar
manner to an FFD. The display provides clear and accurate digital
indication of compass heading information together with a bar
graph indicating port and starboard off-course error relative to a
set course. The display area is split into three. The three large
digits in the upper left part always show compass heading.

A bar graph indicator, below the compass heading display, will

show deviation from the set course as segments of bar graph to
the left or right of the zero centreline. This provides an immediate
indication of the vessel being off-course to port or starboard. This
off course value is also shown numerically below this display.

Four rows of text are provided down the right-hand side of the
display. Each row is associated with the adjacent key and
indicates the selected operating function and the various settings.

Fig 5.2 - Halcyon Display

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5.8.1 The Keys

The Halcyon Display is provided with the following five keys:
Power/Lights Key
Page Key
Scroll Up Key
Scroll Down Key
Enter Key
5.8.2 Power/Lights Key
The Power/Lights Key is operated in an identical manner to the
Power/Lights Keys provided on the FFDs, see Part 2 - Operating
Information.
5.8.3 Page Key
Successive pressing of the Page Key will access the following
four functions in a fixed order:
Off Course Stored Course
Head Lift Trend Turn Rate
5.8.4 Off Course Function
The Off Course function provides the helmsman with accurate Off
Course information to assist in steering a steady and accurate
course.
Off Course is calculated by comparing the yacht’s current heading
with a previously set reference heading. The deviation is shown by
the bar graph and numerically as degrees port or starboard.
The bar graph scale shows one segment for every 2° off course
up to 10°, then one segment for every 5° up 20°. If the current
heading is the same as the desired heading then only the central
segment will be shown. The numeric display will show 00.
The Off Course function may be reset by pressing the Enter Key,
operation of a Remote Push-button if fitted or from any FFD.
Pressing the Enter Key or Remote Push-button will select the
current heading as the reference heading.
Any deviation from this new course will be shown on the bar graph
and the numerical display. To reset the off course function from

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an FFD, select the NAVIGATE Menu and then OFF CRSE as

described in Part 2 - Operating Information.
5.8.5 Stored Course Function
Up to 10 preset courses, numbered CRS 1 to CRS 10, may be
stored at any one time. When the Stored Course function is
selected by operation of the Page Key the display changes to
show the selected course number with the value immediately
below. All courses are retained in the Halcyon Display memory
during power off so that the desired courses may be entered prior
to departure.
To select a specific course number proceed as follows:
(1) Select the Stored Course Function by successive
presses of the Page Key until the display shows the
Stored Course Function.
(2) Press Scroll Up and CRS 1 will flash.
(3) Using the Scroll Up and/or Scroll Down Keys
select the course (CRS) number required.
(4) Press the Enter Key to enter the selected course as
the reference.
To change the value of any stored course proceed as follows:
(1) Select the Stored Course Function by successive
presses of the Page Key until the display changes to
show the Stored Course Function.
(2) Press the Scroll Down Key and the stored value of
the course selected will flash.
(3) Using the Scroll Up and Scroll Down Keys change
the value to the new course.
(4) Press the Enter Key to enter the new course.

5.8.6 Head/Lift Trend Function

This function is particularly useful to racing yachtsmen when
sailing upwind. A port and starboard reference course can be set-
up for each tack with reference to the current mean wind direction.
They are then used to calculate whether the vessel is being ’lifted’

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or ‘headed’ and by how much. This is displayed graphically as well

as numerically together with the legends LIFT or HEAD which
indicate if the heading is above or below the reference course on
the present tack.
Under steady conditions it should only be necessary to set-up this
function once, preferably prior to the start of a race. If, however
significant wind shifts occur it will be necessary to reset the port
and starboard references.
A key benefit of this feature is that each time a tack is made or
when rounding a leeward mark onto the wind again, there is an
instant indication as to the current wind trend.
Note
The reference heading for a particular tack may be reset any
number of times. For example if there is a long upwind leg,
resetting the reference at the start of the leg will then give the
head and lift trends from that point onwards.
5.8.7 Set-up Port and Starboard References
In this application the Halcyon Display will always know whether
the current tack is port or starboard since it is linked to your Hydra
2000 System. PORT or STARB will be indicated on the display.
To set-up the port reference, sail the vessel on port tack until the
current heading is giving the optimum upwind performance
relevant to the current mean wind angle. Press the Enter Key (or
Remote Button if fitted) and the port reference is now set.
To set-up the starboard reference repeat the above procedure on
the starboard tack.
5.8.8 Head/Lift Trend - FFD
The Head/Lift trend indication can be shown on any FFD in a
similar manner to Off Course information.
This function can be found on any FFD in the WIND Menu under
LFT/HDR. It may be selected for display in the normal way and
configured for any FFD pages as required, see Part 2 - Operating
Information.

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The Head/Lift Trend may be reset for the current tack by selecting
CONTROL on the LIFT/HDR function and then RESET. This will
reset the trend on all displays and, if fitted, the analogue indicator.
Note
If the Halcyon Display is not in the Head/Lift Mode, then Head/Lift
trend will indicate OFF.
5.8.9 Head/Lift Trend - 20/20 Display
Head/Lift Trend information may be displayed on any 20/20
Display, see Para 5.8.6. An L or an H will be displayed adjacent to
the digits to signify Lift or Head.
5.8.10 Turn Rate Function
The Turn Rate Function displays the vessel's rate of turn in
degrees per second to port or starboard. There are two ways of
displaying this information, either as Mean Rate of Turn or as
Instantaneous Rate of Turn.
When the Turn Rate Function is selected by pressing the Enter
Key, the display defaults to Mean Rate of Turn and MEAN is
shown on the display.
When MEAN is selected, the present heading is compared with a
continually updated mean heading and displayed graphically and
numerically as degrees to port or starboard. This will give the
trend to right or left of the average heading. Hence, if the heading
fluctuates to port and starboard but with a bias to port, then the net
trend to port will be displayed. Similarly for starboard.
The Instantaneous Rate of Turn is selected by pressing the
Scroll Down Key when the Rate of Turn function is selected on
the Halcyon Display. When this function is selected the display will
change to show DEG/S indicating rate of turn in degrees per
second. The centre bar graph will now show the instantaneous
rate of turn to port or starboard with the numerical value displayed
below.
Note
This is a useful feature when calibrating the Halcyon 2000
Compass where it is necessary to maintain a steady rate of turn.

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5.9 EXPANSION PROCESSOR

5.9.1 The Expansion Processor

The Expansion Unit can be connected to the Hydra 2000 System

via the Fastnet to drive four extra analogues (meters 5,6,7 and 8),
and provide extra linear inputs.
A new menu automatically appears on all FFD’s called EXPAND
when an Expansion Processor is added to the system. Up to
twelve linear functions may be displayed numbered LINEAR 5 to
LINEAR 16. Initially only LINEAR 5 is shown. A linear function by
default shows a number between 0, representing 0 volts on its
input and 1000 representing 6.5 volts on its input. The voltage
change is assumed to be linear in relationship. Hence an external
sensor, for example a load cell giving a linear change in voltage as
the load increases, may be connected to a linear input.
LINEAR 5 has four calibration values, other linear functions have
three calibration values found by selecting CALBRATE on the
appropriate linear function.
5.9.2 Linear Function Settings
Altering calibration value 1 (CAL VAL 1) allows the correct input
sensor to be selected. The different inputs available are shown
below:
1 or 2 normal linear input 0 to 1000
3 rotating mast correction for apparent wind angle
4 heel angle
5 trim angle
6 barometric pressure
7 rudder angle
8 air temperature

The default factory setting for a linear input is 1 (0-1000 format).

Note
Do not set different linear inputs to the same function (except 1 for
normal linear input) or the calibration value will be ignored. This
ensures that no function uses no more than one analogue input.
However, any one of the Linear 1 to 4 inputs from the main

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processor may be set to the same function as any one of the

Linear 5 to 16 inputs.
Calibration value 2 (CAL VAL 2) displays MIN VAL with a number
that can be adjusted between -999 and 9999. This is the number
to be displayed for a 0V input. The default setting is 000.

Calibration value 3 (CAL VAL 3) displays MAX VAL with a number

that can be adjusted between -999 and 9999. This is the number
to be displayed for 6.5V input. The default setting is 1000.

5.9.3 Calibrating a Linear Channel

Adjusting the MIN and MAX values allows the displayed value to
be scaled to the appropriate range for the sensor attached. Taking
a load cell for example, if the zero load output is 0V, MIN
VAL=000 and if maximum load is 650 kgF at 6.5V then MAX
VAL=650.

Calibration value 4 is only available on Linear 5 and this displays a

value between 05 and 16. This setting determines the number of
linear inputs that are available. For example, changing this value to
10 would display a maximum of 10 linear inputs. The default value
is 05.

Damping is adjustable between 0 and 99 seconds. The default

setting is 01.

Notes
1. When calibration value 1 is changed to select a desired input
sensor, the linear value is no longer updated and a constant
value is displayed until the page key is pressed.
2. Extra functions selected, and then removed, remain in the
display menu but with no data shown until the system is
switched off and then back on again.
3. Linear functions will always be shown if selected by CAL VAL 4
on linear 5. They will show no data if the CAL VAL 1 setting is
configured to 1 or 2.

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5.9.4 Expansion Processor Wiring

The Expansion Processor is connected to the system Fastnet for

power and data requirements.

TERMINAL FUNCTION WIRE COLOUR

1 Meter 5 SIN Green
2 Meter 5 COS Blue
3 Meter 6 SIN Red
4 Meter 6 COS Violet
5 Meter 7 SIN Red
6 Meter 7 COS Violet
7 Meter 8 SIN Green
8 Meter 8 COS Blue
9 Meter Lighting Yellow
10 Meter Common Orange
11 Meter Ground Black
12 N/C
13 N/C
14 Network Data -ve Green
15 Network Data +ve White
16 Network Screen Screen
17 Battery Supply Black
Ground
18 Battery Supply 12V Red
19 Battery Volts Sense Link to 18
20 N/C
21 Ground Blue
22 Sensor Supply Red
+6.5V
23 Linear 5 Input Green
24 Linear 6 Input Green
25 Linear 7 Input Green
26 Linear 8 Input Green
27 Linear 9 Input Green
28 N/C
29 N/C
30 N/C
31 N/C
32 N/C
33 N/C
34 N/C

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TERMINAL FUNCTION WIRE COLOUR

35 N/C
36 N/C
37 Linear 10 Input Green
38 N/C
39 Linear 11 Input Green
40 Linear 12 Input Green
41 +12V Switched Red
Supply
42 Linear 13 Input Green
43 +6.5V Sensor Red
Supply
44 RPM Input Green
45 Ground Blue
46 Linear 14 Input Green
47 Linear 15 Input Green
48 Linear 16 Input Green

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PART 6 - DIAGNOSTIC DATA

CONTENTS
Para Page
6.1 FFD DIAGNOSTICS 6-3
6.1.1 Diagnostic Function Selection 6-3
6.1.2 Key Test 6-4
6.1.3 Display 6-4
6.1.4 Network 6-4
6.1.5 RAM 6-4
6.1.6 PROM 6-5
6.1.7 EEPROM 6-5
6.1.8 Lighting 6-5
6.1.9 Debug 6-5
6.1.10 RES-SYS 6-5
6.1.11 Versions 6-6
6.1.12 Errors 6-6
6.1.13 Remote 6-6
6.2 MAIN PROCESSOR 6-7
6.2.1 Masthead Unit 6-7
6.3 DEPTH SOUNDER 6-8
6.3.1 Yacht Stationary 6-8
6.3.2 Yacht Moving 6-9
6.3.3 Consistently Shows Shallow Depth 6-10
6.3.4 Random Deep Depths 6-11
6.4 ERROR MESSAGES 6-12
6.4.1 Error Messages 6-12
6.5 HALCYON 2000 COMPASS 6-13
6.5.1 Shows Heading and CAL Flashing 6-13
6.5.2 Heading Shows ERR 6-13
6.5.3 Heading or COMP CAL Shows PHS 6-13
6.5.4 Two Headings Flashing Alternately 6-14
6.5.5 True Wind Direction, Tide Set or DR Course
Not Functioning Correctly 6-14
6.6 NMEA Alphabetical Index Hydra 2000 6-15
6.6.1 NMEA Input Summary 6-15
6.6.2 NMEA Output Summary 6-16
6.6.3 NMEA Sentences 6-17

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PART 6 - DIAGNOSTIC DATA

6.1 FFD DIAGNOSTICS

The FFD contains a number of diagnostic functions. These allow
the FFDs own keys, display and memory to be tested and also
perform some checks on other parts of the system via the
network. One of the more useful of these tests enables the user
to determine the software version numbers of the Processor Units
in the system. This information will often be useful when liaising
with service agents.

6.1.1 Diagnostic Function Selection

To use the diagnostic functions they must be selected on the
required FFD when the system is switched on as follows:
(1) Power up the system by simultaneously pressing the
Power/Lights and Enter Keys until DIAGNOST appears
on the upper text in an otherwise blank display.
(2) Press Enter and the first test option that appears is
KEYTEST.
(3) The required test can then be selected using the
Scroll Up and Scroll Down Keys (see below for details
of the tests).
(4) Press Enter to start the test.
(5) On completion of each test, press Scroll Up or
Scroll Down to scroll to the next test. Press Enter to
start the test.
(6) To return the display back to normal operation press
the Page Key.
(7) Provided that the power is not switched OFF or a
system reset performed, the diagnostics can be re-
entered by holding Enter down and pressing the
Power/Lights Key.
The 12 Options in the DIAGNOSTICS Menu are described in the
following Paragraphs (6.1.2 to 6.1.13)

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6.1.2 Key Test

The display requests the user to press each key in turn as follows:

Key 1 Enter
Key 2 Scroll Down
Key 3 Scroll Up
Key 4 Page
Key 5 Power/Lights
Key 6 Navigation
Key 7 Wind
Key 8 Speed/Depth

If it does not detect the key being pressed in a short time then the
message TIME OUT is displayed.

6.1.3 Display

The Scroll Up Key can be used to step the display through a

sequence that puts on single segments in all characters, blanks
the display and turns on all segments. When all segments are
turned on 16 characters are displayed at the top and bottom of the
display. In the rest of the test and in normal operation only 10 are
used as the unused segments are all connected together. To stop
the display test press the Enter Key.

6.1.4 Network

This tests some of the FFDs circuitry for communicating on the

network. At the end of the test the display will show a PASS or a
value if failed.

6.1.5 RAM

This tests the correct operation of the FFD's internal RAM. If the
test passes RAM PASS OK is displayed. If the test fails then
RAM FAIL is displayed and correct operation of the unit cannot be
guaranteed.

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6.1.6 PROM
This tests the correct operation of the FFD's program memory
and calculates its checksum by adding all the individual bytes of
memory together. The total is displayed in hexadecimal in the
bottom half of the display and the last two digits are the software
version number. If this test fails then if possible, FATAL ER 02 is
displayed, and further operation of the FFD cannot be accurately
defined. The upper half of the display shows the FFD's network
node number.
6.1.7 EEPROM
This tests the correct operation of the FFD’s non-volatile memory
where the display's settings are stored when power is switched
OFF. If this fails FATAL ER 03 or FATAL ER 04 will be displayed.
The display's page configuration and possibly the text for some
functions will be lost.
6.1.8 Lighting
This test checks the correct operation of the display lighting
control cycles through the red and green lighting at the three
illumination levels.
6.1.9 Debug

CAUTION: This test is not for normal use, since it may

seriously affect the operation of the Hydra 2000 System.

6.1.10 RES-SYS

CAUTION: Do not use this option during normal operation

as all calibration values will be lost.

This allows individual units or the entire system to be reset. The

network node address of the unit to be reset is selected using the
Scroll Up and Scroll Down Keys and then Enter pressed. The
node allocations are as follows:
01 - Depth Board 05 - Wind Board
0D - Expansion Board FF - Entire System

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Note
When the system is reset all calibration, damping and alarm
values will be set back to default settings, all log values and trip
functions will be reset to zero. All display units will reset to their
default page settings. After a delay of about 20 seconds the
system should be switched OFF and then back ON twice to
complete the reset procedure.
6.1.11 Versions
This option allows the user to obtain the software version numbers
for the FFD (DISPLAY), Depth board (DEPTH), Wind board
(WIND), Expansion Unit (EXP UNIT) and Pilot, if fitted. With
'VERSIONS' flashing on the display, press Enter. Then use the
Scroll Up Key to select the option whose version number is
required and press Enter to display the software checksum of the
appropriate unit, in the bottom display. The last two digits of the
checksum are the software version number.
6.1.12 Errors
This test is used chiefly to interrogate the Hydra 2000 network and
is designed mainly for use by service technicians to ascertain
levels of interference that may be present. For example inter-
ference may be induced by an SSB transmitter or radar. The
display shows the number of messages that have not been
transmitted correctly first time. Between 10 and 20 errors per
minute is quite normal. A higher number of errors can also be an
indication that the network terminators are not correctly fitted.
6.1.13 Remote
This facility allows the user to invoke internal RAM, PROM and
basic network checks on any remote processor node on the
network, and display the appropriate error messages on the FFD.
Node numbers are allocated when the system is switched ON for
the first time or after a system reset.
In the Hydra 2000 System the numbers will be:
Depth board 1
Wind board 5
In a system with additional processor nodes it may be necessary
to determine the individual node numbers by disconnecting nodes
in turn and running the remote PROM test. If no pass or fail
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message is displayed within 10 seconds then it can be assumed

the node being tested is not in the system. The REMOTE tests for
the currently selected node can be exited by holding Enter down
and pressing the Power/Lights Key.

6.2 MAIN PROCESSOR

The main processor contains two circuit boards: the wind board
and the depth board. The depth board is responsible for boat
speed, sea temperature and depth measurement. The wind board
is the main sensor responsible for wind functions and also drives
the analogue meters. It has special inputs for the Masthead Unit,
Super Halcyon compass, air temperature, battery voltage and four
linear inputs that can be connected to a variety of other sensors
(see Part 4 - Installation Instructions).

6.2.1 Masthead Unit

If there appears to be a problem with wind speed or wind angle

first check the cable connections at the main processor and at the
mast base junction box. The easiest way to test the MHU cable is
by substituting a spare cable. If the cable is damaged in the mast
the cause of the damage should be ascertained and the mast re-
rigged or new conduit installed before replacing the cable. The
Masthead Unit should always be removed before the mast is un-
stepped to avoid damage. It should be stored in its original
packing box with the vane and cups removed.

Note
The Masthead Unit's bearings should not be oiled as they are of a
sealed pre-lubricated type and additional oil may cause chemical
breakdown of the existing lubricant.

6.3 DEPTH SOUNDER

Fault finding on the depth sounder is often difficult as depth

sounder performance is dependent on many factors: transducer
type and installation, boat speed, electrical noise, sea state, sea
bed conditions, air and plankton in the water. Indications of
problems with the depth sounder normally manifest themselves in
one of three ways:

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(a) display shows (Floating Bars)

-
- -
-

(b) display locks down showing depths in the range 0 to

1.5m, or

(c) display shows random deep depths

All of the above symptoms can be caused by external conditions

so care and additional tests should be performed before
concluding that the fault lies within the depth sounder. There are
two values output by the depth sounder that can be of assistance
in diagnosing problems, these are receiver gain and noise that
can be found in the PARAMTR Menu on a FFD.

6.3.1 Yacht Stationary

Symptom: Display consistently shows (Floating Bars) when well

within the range of the sounder with the yacht stationary in the
water:
-
- -
-

This is an indication that no consistent signal is being received by

the depth sounder.

Possible Causes:

(a) The transducer is not connected.

(b) The transducer is not in its housing.

(c) If sounding through the hull there is not enough oil in

the housing or the hull material is not suitable to sound
through.

(d) The transducer is faulty or has been damaged. The

transducer should be checked for any damage, barnacle
growth or thick layers of paint. If it needs cleaning this
should be done with a scrubbing brush. The face of the
transducer may have a thin coat of anti-fouling applied to

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it making sure no air bubbles are trapped in the paint. The

cable should be checked for damage. The resistance
between the orange/green cores should be in the region
of 0.5 to 5 Ohms and resistance between the screen and
the cores should be infinity.

Resistance measurements should only be made with the

transducer disconnected from the Processor Unit.

(e) The gain of the receiver has been set too low. It is
possible to adjust the maximum gain via CAL VAL1 on
gain. This is normally set to 30 and should not be
adjusted.

6.3.2 Yacht Moving

Symptom: Display shows (Floating Bars) when yacht is moving:

-
- -
-

This is most often an indication of difficult sounding conditions,

but can also indicate a badly positioned transducer.

Possible Causes:

(a) Difficult sounding conditions and or depth sounder

unable to track rapidly changing bottom. If coming into
shallow water yacht should slow down and proceed with
caution.

(b) Aeration in the water, most often caused by the wake

of another vessel. This can persist in the water for a long
period after the passing of the vessel. In some instances
the depth sounder will indicate the depth of the aeration
layer caused by a large vessel.

(c) Poorly sited transducer. Determine what conditions

cause the problem by doing some manoeuvring trials in
an area that has a relatively uniform depth, a solid bottom
and is clear of the wake from other boats. First determine
the maximum speed at which reliable soundings can be

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made when traveling in a straight line. Then repeat the

tests when turning to port and starboard. If better results
can be obtained when turning it is possible that there is
something in front of the transducer causing aeration.
This may be a hull fitting like a water outlet in which case
the transducer or the hull fitting should be moved. If there
seems little difference whether turning or not, the
position of the transducer should be reviewed. It may be
coming out of the water at high speed or in rough water.
It is impossible to give specific instructions on where to
re-site the transducer as it is so dependent on the design
of boat. Generally, better results will be obtained nearer
the centre line of the boat. If there is only a problem
when heeled, consider fitting two transducers with a
changeover switch.

6.3.3 Consistently Shows Shallow Depth

Symptom: Display consistently shows a shallow depth between

0 and about 1.5m.

Possible causes:

(a) Faulty transducer. Transducer rings for too long after

the transmit pulse is sent and the ringing is interpreted as
a shallow return by the depth sounder. On a deep keeled
yacht it may be possible to overcome this problem by
increasing the minimum depth to just less than the draft of
the yacht. The minimum depth is adjusted by changing
CAL VAL1 on NOISE.

PARAMTR→NOISE, CALBRATE→CAL VAL1 (MIN DPTH M)

The default setting for minimum depth is 0.7 metres.

(b) Keel echoes. If the transducer has been installed too

close to the keel it is possible to get consistent echoes
from the keel. The transducer should be re-sited further
away from the keel. If this is impossible then increasing
the minimum depth to just below the keel can solve the
problem but may result in poor performance when the
bottom is shaded by the keel. Marginal cases are

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sometimes caused by side lobes from the main beam

from the transducer and may be cured by rotating the
transducer in the housing.

(c) Following or crossing the path of another vessel

which has left an aerated layer in the water.

6.3.4 Random Deep Depths

Symptom: Display shows random deep depths.

Possible Causes:

(a) Electrical noise. The depth sounder contains circuits

and software to reduce its susceptibility to electrical
noise, however this can still be a problem if not installed
carefully or other equipment is not correctly suppressed.
The depth sounder measures the ambient noise and this
can be found for display by looking under the PARAMTR
Menu. When the boat is stationary electrical equipment
should be switched ON and OFF in turn while looking at
the depth and noise displays to try and determine the
source of the problem.

(b) Acoustic Interference. Other depth sounders and

sonar can cause problems. However this is generally only
when very close to other boats for example when moored
alongside in a crowded marina. Also acoustic noise can
be generated by water flow past the transducer and
various bits of mechanical machinery.

(c) Mid-water echoes. When outside the range of the

depth sounder it is possible that random depths are
displayed due to mid-water echoes from shoals of fish or
aeration layers.

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6.4 ERROR MESSAGES

6.4.1 Error Messages

Following is a list of error messages output on the displays.

Er01 Error detected reading the analogue to

digital converter on the depth sounder
board. This can be an indication of a fault
on the board or that the sea water
temperature or the compass signals are
outside their normal range. Try
disconnecting the sensors in turn.

Er02 Error detected when writing to the analogue

to digital converter on the depth sounder
board. This can indicate the same
problems as Er01.

Err.3 Syntax or parity error on received NMEA

data.

Err.4 Checksum error on received NMEA 0183

data.

CAL Alternating with a function value indicates

that it has yet to be calibrated. This will
happen after a system reset or if the
internal battery is exhausted.

NO SPACE FFD memory full, too many functions have

been declared.

NOT FOUND New function declared without text.

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6.5 HALCYON 2000 COMPASS

6.5.1 Shows Heading and CAL Flashing

Symptom: Display flashes a Heading and CAL

Possible Causes:

(a) The memory in the Halcyon 2000 is empty or has

been corrupted. This may be due to a System Reset
being performed or the first time the compass has been
installed and not yet been calibrated. Perform a
calibration swing to restore normal operation.

(b) After a calibration swing the result is always FAIL.

There is a source of magnetic deviation near to the
Halcyon 2000 compass. Try re-positioning the compass
and perform the calibration.

6.5.2 Heading Shows Err

Possible Cause:

The signal from the fluxgate sensor is too big or too

small. Try re-positioning the compass. If still showing Err
set NAVIGATE→COMP CAL, CAL VAL 2 (RES CAL) to
1. This will reset the compass. All previous calibrations
will be lost and the compass will require a compass
swing.

6.5.3 Heading or COMP CAL Shows PHS

Possible Cause:

The compass is in the middle of resetting. The display

should show heading and CAL flashing after 20 seconds.
A calibration swing will be required.

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6.5.4 Two Headings Flashing Alternately

Symptom: Pilot or Halcyon Displays shows two headings flashing

alternately

Possible Cause:

The Pilot has not been set to use the Halcyon 2000 as its
heading source. Pilot Heading Node must be set to Node
16. If the Halcyon 2000 is not to be the source of heading
then it must be unplugged from the network.

6.5.5 True Wind Direction, Tide Set or DR Course Not

Functioning Correctly

Symptom: True Wind Direction, Tide Set and DR Course

functions are inoperative

Possible Cause:

The Main Processor has not been set to use the Halcyon
2000 as the heading source. Set
NAVIGATE→COURSE, CAL VAL 1 (HDG NODE) to 16.

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6.6 NMEA Alphabetical Index Hydra 2000

6.6.1 NMEA Input Summary
APA Autopilot Format A
APB Autopilot Format B
BEC Bearing and Distance to Waypoint, Great Circle, dead reckoned
BER Brg. and Distance to W/point, Rhumb, dead reckoned
BOD Brg. to destination Waypoint from origin W/point
BWC Brg. and distance to Waypoint, Great Circle measured
BWR Brg. and distance to Waypoint, Rhumb measured
BWW Bearing to Waypoint from Waypoint
GGA Global Positioning System Fix Data
GLL Latitude and Longitude (versions 1.5 and 2.0)
GLP Loran C present fix
HDM 1 Present heading, Magnetic
HDT 2 Present heading, True
HSC 3 Heading, steering
HVD Magnetic variation, automatic
HVM Magnetic variation, manually set
MTA Air Temperature, °Centigrade
MTW Water Temperature, °Centigrade
RMA Recommended min. implementation sentence, Loran C
RMB Recommended min. implementation sentence, Generic
RMC Recommended min. implementation sentence, GPS
VHW Heading and Water Speed
VTG Actual Track and Ground Speed
WBD Bearing and Distance to Waypoint
WCV Waypoint Closure Velocity
WDC Distance to Waypoint, Great Circle
WDR Distance to Waypoint, Rhumb
XTE Measured Track Error
XTR Dead Reckoned Cross Track Error
ZDL Time and Distance to Layline
ZLZ Time of Day
ZTG Time to Waypoint

Notes
1. Function repeated when no B&G fluxgate connected to system.
Not used by Autopilot.
2. Displayed when no B&G fluxgate connected to system. Can be
used by Autopilot.
3. Re-transmitted only. Not used by Hydra 2000.

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6.6.2 NMEA Output Summary

DBT Depth Below Transducer

GLL Latitude and Longitude
HDM Present heading, Magnetic
HDT Present heading, True
HSC Heading Steering Command
MTA Air Temperature, °Centigrade
MTW Water Temperature, °Centigrade
MWD Surface Wind Direction and Velocity
MWV Wind Speed and Angle
VHW Heading and Water Speed
VLW Log mileage, Water referenced
VPW Velocity parallel to true wind, device measured
VTG Actual Track and Ground Speed
VWR Wind Relative Bearing and Velocity
VWT Wind True Bearing and Velocity
XTE Measured Cross Track Error

Notes
1. NMEA output data is subject to the appropriate sensor or NMEA
sentence being connected to the system.

2. Data is not necessarily extracted from all NMEA fields. This

avoids the same information being repeated twice on the
system.

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NMEA Sentences

The following diagrams show the structure of the various NMEA

sentences.

1 Autopilot format A (APA)

2 Autopilot format B (APB)

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3 Bearing and distance to waypoint, great circle, dead

reckoned (BEC)

4 Bearing and distance to waypoint, rhumb, dead

reckoned (BER)

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5 Bearing to destination waypoint from origin

waypoint, true or magnetic (BOD)

6 Bearing and distance to waypoint, great circle,

measured (BWC)

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7 Bearing and distance to waypoint, rhumb line,

measured (BWR)

8 Bearing to waypoint from waypoint, true and

magnetic (BWW)

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9 Depth of water below transducer (DBT)

10 Global positioning fix data (GGA)

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11 Present fix position (GLL)

12 Present position fix, Loran - C (GLP)

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13 Present heading magnetic (HDM)

14 Heading degrees, true (HDT)

15 Air temperature, Celsius (MTA)

16 Water temperature (MTW)

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17 Surface wind, direction and velocity (MWD)

18 Wind speed and angle (MWV)

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19 Recommended minimum implementation sentence,

Loran - C (RMA)

20 Recommended minimum implementation sentence,

navigation information (RMB)

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21 Recommended minimum implementation sentence,

GPS or transit specific (GPS) (RMC)

22 Water speed and heading (VHW)

23 Water referenced log mileage (VLW)

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24 Device measured velocity parallel true wind (VPW)

25 Actual track and ground speed (VTG)

26 Wind relative bearing and velocity (VWR)

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27 True wind relative bearing and velocity (VWT)

28 Waypoint closure velocity (WCV)

29 Distance to waypoint, great circle (WDC)

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30 Distance to waypoint, Rhumb (WDR)

31 Measured cross track error (XTE)

32 Dead reckoned cross track error (XTR)

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33 Time and distance to layline (ZDL)

34 Time of day (ZLZ)

35 Time to waypoint (ZTG)

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Appendix 1
A1 HYDRA 2000 CALIBRATION DATA
A1.1 True Wind Speed Correction Table

Wind Angle True Wind Speed

5 10 15 20 25 30
Correction at 180°°

A1.2 True Wind Angle Correction Table

Wind Angle True Wind Speed
5 10 15 20 25 30
Upwind
Reaching
Downwind

A1.3 Hydra 2000 Settings Table

Function Calibration Calibration Damping Alarm Alarm
Type / Unit Value Value Value
High
AIR TEMP
Low

APP W/A MHU Sector

Angle°
MHU Cal High
APP W/S Hz/Kt
MHU Offset Kts Low

PORT High
BOAT SPD Hz/Kt
STD LOG STBD Low
Hz/Kt

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Appendix 1
Hydra 2000 Settings Chart Continued
Function Calibration Calibration Damping Alarm Alarm
Type / Unit Value Value Value
Datum High
DEPTH Offset
m, ft or fms Low

HEADING Alignment° Sector

HEEL Alignment°

LEEWAY Alignment°

MAST ANG Alignment°

RUDDER Alignment°

Sensor Type High

SEA TEMP
Offset Temp Low
(°C or °F)
TRIM Alignment°

TIDE SET Magnetic

Variation
TRUE W/A Correction° See A1.2

TRUE W/S Correction See A1.1

Kts
Supply High
VOLTS Voltage
Low

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