Term paper on

Smart Automation in AI with IOT Using Python

Submitted to Amity University Patna

In completion of project on non-teaching credit course (NTCC).

Submitted by:

Shivam Kumar Sinha A45304822104

Sneha Kumari A45304822100

Naincy Kushwaha A45304822137

Abhinav Raj A45304822138

Under the guidance of Prof. Prasanna kumar

AMITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY

AMITY UNIVERSITY PATNA

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 DECLARATION

We students of B.C.A – 3rd Semester (2022-25) hereby declare that the project titled “SMART

AUTOMATION” which is submitted by our group to the Amity Institute of Information

Technology, Amity University Patna, in completion of non-teaching credit course(NTCC).

The Author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material

appearing in the Project report other than brief excerpts requiring only proper acknowledgment

in scholarly writing and all such use is acknowledged.

Name Enrollment No. Signature

Shivam Kumar Sinha A45304822104 ____________

Sneha Kumari A45304822100 ____________

Abhinav Raj A45304822138 ____________

Naincy Kushwaha A45304822137 _____________

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project entitled “Smart Automation” submitted in completion of

project of non-teaching credit course(NTCC) to Amity Institute of Information Technology,

Amity University Patna is an authentic work carried out by Shivam Kumar Sinha

(A45304822104), Sneha Kumari (A45304822100), Naincy Kushwaha (A45304822137), and

Abhinav Raj (A45304822138) under my guidance.

Signature of the students: Date: ………………….

Name Enrollment No. Signature

Shivam Kumar Sinha A45304822104 ________________

Sneha Kumari A45304822100 _________________

Naincy Kushwaha A45304822137 _________________

Abhinav Raj A45304822138 __________________

Signature of the Guide: Date: - …………………

Name: PROF. Prasanna Kumar

Amity University Patna

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Certification of AI with IOT using Python

Certificate of AI with IOT Using Python of Shivam Kumar Sinha

Certificate of AI with IOT Using Python of Sneha Kumari.

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Certification of AI with IOT using Python

Certificate of AI with IOT Using Python of Abhinav Raj.

Certificate of AI with IOT Using Python of Naincy Kushwaha.

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 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY FORM

Name of the project: -SMART AUTOMATION

Date: - 22nd of November 2023

Name of Team Member Task and Responsibility

1. Shivam Kumar Sinha Software design and Coding

2. Sneha Kumari Project Idea , Coding and PPT

3. Naincy Kushwaha Hardware design and Documentation

4. Abhinav Raj Hardware design and Software Design

Signature of the Project Team Members: -

1. …………………………

2. …………………………

3. …………………………

4. ………………………….

Signature of the Guide: ……………………… Date: ………………

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project being an enormous piece of work happens to be the outcome of time, hard work

and patience of a multitude and was unfeasible to accomplish single handed. We feel and

express our gratitude for AMITY UNIVERSITY, PATNA for giving us a strong foundation

and infinite opportunities to harness our skills. This esteemed institute, under the proficient

administration of Respected VC sir Dr. Vivekanand Pandey has been providing a nurturing

environment to all its disciples for growing.

We took on this task with assurance coming from our HOD Dr. Rashmi Shekhar and an

unremitting guidance and support of our mentor Prof. Prasanna kumar, Assistant professor

at Amity University Patna. Their direction and tutorial skills were the stimuli behind the

completion of this project. We thank all the faculty members of Amity Institute of

Information Technology for entrusting our potential.

Our parents being the source of inspiration and encouragement all the time deserve our/my

indebtedness. we must mention our friends and family who stood there as a backbone.

We are honour-bound to our seniors who offered help in every possible way.

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 ABSTRACT

The "Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System" is a pioneering project that converges

advanced technologies to create an intelligent living environment. Leveraging the capabilities of

computer vision, artificial intelligence, and microcontroller systems, this project introduces a

seamlessly integrated system designed to autonomously detect the presence of living beings within a

designated space and control electrical appliances accordingly.

The core components of the system include a Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor, an Arduino

microcontroller, an artificial intelligence model, an electrical appliance control module, and a

reliable communication interface. The PIR motion sensor continuously monitors the defined

space, while the AI model processes the data, employing sophisticated computer vision

algorithms to detect and classify user presence and activities. Control signals generated by the

AI model are transmitted to the electrical appliances through a robust communication interface,

enabling real-time and responsive automation.

The project's objectives encompass automated presence detection, activity identification, real-

time appliance control, and a user-friendly automation experience. Anticipated outcomes

include increased energy efficiency, enhanced user experience, adaptability, scalability, and

valuable insights derived from user behavior data.

This project not only contributes to the evolution of smart living spaces but also sets the stage

for future advancements in home automation, energy conservation, and human-centric

technological integration. The "Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System"

represents a significant step towards creating intelligent and responsive environments that

seamlessly blend technology with everyday living.

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 CONTENTS

1. Introduction

 Overview

 Objectives

 Expected outcomes

2. Technology brief

 Overview

 Key Components

 Technological Considerations

 Future Directions

3. Requirement Analysis

 Functional Requirements

 Non-functional Requirements

 Technical Requirements

 Legal and Compliance Requirements

4. System Design

 Architectural Design

 Hardware Design

 Software Design

 Integration and Testing

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  Documentation

 Scalability and Future Expansion

 Security and Privacy Considerations

5. Future scope

 Multi-Sensor Integration

 Advanced AI Algorithms

 User Profiling and Personalization

 Energy Optimization Strategies

 Voice and Gesture Control

 Security Integration

 Cloud Integration

 Machine Learning for Continuous Improvement

 Integration with Smart Home Ecosystem

 Mobile Application Development

 Feedback Mechanisms

 Scalability for Larger Spaces

6. Conclusion

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 INTRODUCTION

Overview

In the era of smart technology, the development of an Automated Living Space

Monitoring and Control System represents a significant stride towards creating

intelligent and responsive environments. This project integrates cutting-edge

technologies, including computer vision, artificial intelligence, and microcontroller

systems, to create a seamless and automated experience within a defined space.

Objectives

The primary objectives of the project are as follows:

1. Automated Presence Detection: Develop a system capable of autonomously

detecting the presence of living beings within a designated space using a Passive

Infrared (PIR) motion sensor.

2. Activity Identification: Implement an artificial intelligence model to process

data from the PIR sensor, enabling the identification and classification of various

activities performed by individuals within the monitored space.

3. Real-time Appliance Control: Enable the system to generate precise control

signals based on detected user states and activities, facilitating the automated

control of electrical appliances within the living space.

4. User-Friendly Automation: Design the system to operate seamlessly, requiring

minimal user intervention while providing an enhanced and responsive living

experience.

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Expected Outcomes

The successful implementation of this Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control

System is anticipated to yield several outcomes:

1. Increased Energy Efficiency: By automating the control of electrical

appliances, the system aims to enhance energy efficiency by activating devices

only when needed.

2. Enhanced User Experience: The system's responsiveness to user presence and

activities contributes to a more seamless and user-friendly living space.

3. Adaptability and Scalability: The modular design of the system allows for easy

adaptability to different environments and potential scalability for larger spaces

or additional functionalities.

4. Data Insights: The collected data on user presence and activities can provide

valuable insights for optimizing the system further and understanding usage

patterns within the living space.

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 Technology Brief:
Overview:
The Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System is an innovative
integration of advanced technologies designed to create an intelligent living
environment. This technology brief provides an overview of the key components,
functionalities, and technological considerations driving the system's development.

Key Components:
1. PIR Motion Sensor:

 Functionality: Detects infrared radiation to monitor user presence and

movement.

 Importance: Forms the foundational input for the system's user detection
capabilities.

2. Arduino Microcontroller:

 Functionality: Serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with sensors and
controlling connected devices.

 Importance: Orchestrates data flow, implements control logic, and facilitates

communication between components.

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model:

 Functionality: Employs machine learning algorithms to process sensor data,

detect user presence, and identify activities.

 Importance: Enhances the system's intelligence, allowing for adaptive responses

to user behavior.

4. Communication Interface:

 Functionality: Facilitates the transmission of control signals between the AI

model and connected devices.

 Importance: Enables real-time communication, ensuring seamless control of

electrical appliances.

5. Electrical Appliance Control Module:

 Functionality: Interfaces with the Arduino to control electrical appliances based

on received signals.
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  Importance: Executes the system's decisions, translating control signals into
tangible actions.

6. Power Supply:

 Functionality: Provides the necessary energy to sustain continuous system

operation.

 Importance: Ensures the reliability and stability of the entire system.

Technological Considerations:
1. Computer Vision Algorithms:

 Role: Implemented within the AI model for image processing and pattern
recognition.

 Importance: Critical for accurate user presence detection and activity

classification.

2. Communication Protocols:

 Selection: Depending on the application, protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or

others may be chosen.

 Importance: Determines the efficiency and reliability of data transmission.

3. Security Measures:

 Encryption: Implemented to secure communication and protect user data.

 Authentication: Ensures that only authorized users can access and control the
system.

4. Scalability:

 Modular Design: Allows for easy integration of additional sensors or features.

 Importance: Ensures adaptability to varying environments and user needs.

5. User Interface:

 Accessibility: May include mobile applications or web interfaces for user

interaction.

 Importance: Enhances the user experience and provides a platform for system
monitoring and control.

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6. Energy Efficiency Strategies:

 Implementation: Involves powering down appliances during user absence and

optimizing overall energy consumption.

 Importance: Aligns with sustainability goals and reduces energy costs.

Future Directions:
The technology presented in this Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control
System paves the way for several exciting developments:

 Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems: Collaboration with existing smart

home platforms for enhanced interoperability.

 Machine Learning for Continuous Improvement: Ongoing refinement of the

AI model to adapt to changing user behaviors and preferences.

 Voice and Gesture Control: Expanding user interfaces to include hands-free

control mechanisms for increased convenience.

 Cloud Integration: Enabling remote monitoring and control, extending the

system's reach beyond local environments.

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 Requirement Analysis

1. Functional Requirements:

1.1 PIR Motion Sensor Monitoring

1. Objective:

 Continuously monitor the defined space for changes in infrared radiation.

2. Specifications:

 The PIR motion sensor must have a wide detection range.

 It should be capable of detecting subtle movements to ensure accurate user

presence detection.

1.2 Data Processing by AI Model

1. Objective:

 Process data from the PIR motion sensor to detect the presence of living

beings and identify their activities.

2. Specifications:

 The AI model must employ computer vision algorithms for accurate

detection and classification.

 It should have the capability to continuously learn and adapt to new user

behaviors.

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 1.3 Generation of Control Signals

1. Objective:

 Generate precise control signals based on the detected state of users and

their activities.

2. Specifications:

 Control signals should be generated in real-time.

 The system should be able to differentiate between various user states

(e.g., presence, absence, specific activities).

1.4 Communication Interface

1. Objective:

 Establish a reliable communication interface for transmitting control

signals to electrical appliances.

2. Specifications:

 The communication interface should support seamless and secure data

transmission.

 It should be compatible with the selected wireless communication

protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi).

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 1.5 Appliance Control

1. Objective:

 Control electrical appliances based on the received control signals.

2. Specifications:

 The electrical appliance control module should interpret control signals

accurately.

 Appliances should respond promptly to the control signals.

2. Non-functional Requirements:

2.1 Reliability

1. Objective:

 Ensure the system operates reliably under various conditions.

2. Specifications:

 The system should have failover mechanisms to handle sensor or

component failures.

 The AI model should have a high accuracy rate in user detection and

activity classification.

2.2 Scalability

1. Objective:

 Design the system to be easily scalable for larger spaces or additional

functionalities.

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2. Specifications:

 The system architecture should accommodate an increasing number of

sensors and devices.

 It should be modular to facilitate the addition of new features.

2.3 Security

1. Objective:

 Protect user privacy and prevent unauthorized access.

2. Specifications:

 Implement encryption for communication between the components.

 Incorporate user authentication mechanisms.

2.4 Usability

1. Objective:

 Ensure a user-friendly experience for occupants.

2. Specifications:

 The system should require minimal user intervention for setup and

operation.

 Provide a user interface for configuration and monitoring.

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 2.5 Performance

1. Objective:

 Achieve optimal system performance.

2. Specifications:

 The system should operate with low latency in detecting user presence and

controlling appliances.

 The AI model should process data efficiently to avoid delays.

2.6 Energy Efficiency

1. Objective:

 Optimize energy consumption.

2. Specifications:

 Implement energy-saving strategies, such as powering down appliances

during extended periods of user absence.

 Ensure minimal power consumption for the system components during

standby.

3. Technical Requirements:

3.1 Hardware

1. Objective:

 Select and configure hardware components for the system.

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2. Specifications:

 The PIR motion sensor should be compatible with the Arduino

microcontroller.

 Ensure sufficient processing power and memory for the Arduino and AI

model.

3.2 Software

1. Objective:

 Develop and integrate software components.

2. Specifications:

 Write Arduino code for sensor interfacing and control signal generation.

 Develop and optimize the AI model using suitable programming

languages and frameworks.

3.3 Communication Protocol

1. Objective:

 Choose a communication protocol for data transmission.

2. Specifications:

 Select a protocol that ensures reliable and secure communication.

 Ensure compatibility with both the AI model and electrical appliances.

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 3.4 Power Supply

1. Objective:

 Provide a stable power supply for the system.

2. Specifications:

 Determine the power requirements for each component.

 Implement a power supply solution that meets the needs of continuous

operation.

4. Legal and Compliance Requirements:

4.1 Privacy

1. Objective:

 Ensure compliance with privacy regulations.

2. Specifications:

 Implement mechanisms to anonymize or secure user data.

 Inform users about data collection and processing practices.

4.2 Safety

1. Objective:

 Implement safety measures to prevent accidents or hazards.

2. Specifications:

 Ensure that electrical components comply with safety standards.

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 Design the system to operate without causing harm to users or the

environment.

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 System Design
The system design for the "Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System"
encompasses the architectural, hardware, and software considerations necessary to
fulfill the project's objectives. This detailed design outlines the components, their
interactions, and the overall structure of the system.

1. Architectural Design:
1.1 Component Diagram:
The system comprises the following key components:

 PIR Motion Sensor: Detects infrared radiation and communicates with the
Arduino.

 Arduino Microcontroller: Interfaces with the PIR sensor, processes data, and
generates control signals.

 AI Model: Processes data from the PIR sensor, classifies user activities, and
generates control signals.

 Communication Interface: Facilitates the transmission of control signals from

the AI model to the electrical appliances.

 Electrical Appliance Control Module: Interfaces with the Arduino to control

electrical appliances.

 Power Supply: Provides the necessary power for the system components.

1.2 System Flow:

1. The PIR motion sensor continuously monitors the defined space and sends data
to the Arduino.

2. The Arduino processes the sensor data and communicates with the AI model.

3. The AI model analyzes the data, detects user presence, identifies activities, and
generates control signals.

4. Control signals are transmitted through the communication interface to the

electrical appliance control module.

5. The electrical appliance control module interprets the signals and controls the
connected appliances accordingly.

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2. Hardware Design:
2.1 PIR Motion Sensor Integration:
 Mounting: Securely mount the PIR motion sensor in the center of the defined
space for optimal coverage.

 Connection: Connect the PIR motion sensor to the Arduino using a breadboard
to facilitate easy installation and removal.

2.2 Arduino Microcontroller:

 Processing Power: Choose an Arduino board with sufficient processing power
and memory capacity.

 Connectivity: Ensure compatibility with the PIR sensor and the selected
communication interface.

2.3 Electrical Appliance Control Module:

 Interface: Design the control module to interface seamlessly with the Arduino
and electrical appliances.

 Reliability: Implement relay-based or solid-state switches for reliable appliance

control.

2.4 Power Supply:

 Voltage and Current Requirements: Determine the power requirements for
each component and select a suitable power supply.

 Redundancy: Consider implementing a backup power source to ensure

continuous operation.

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Figure 1.Simulation of Smart Automation on Tinckercad

3. Software Design:
3.1 Arduino Code:
 Sensor Reading: Write code to read data from the PIR motion sensor.

 AI Model Integration: Develop functions to interface with the AI model and

process its output.

 Control Signal Generation: Code the logic for generating control signals based
on user presence and activities.

3.2 AI Model:
 Data Processing: Implement computer vision algorithms for accurate user
presence detection and activity classification.

 Learning Mechanism: Design the AI model to continuously learn and adapt to

new user behaviors over time.

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3.3 Communication Interface:
 Protocol Implementation: Implement the chosen communication protocol (e.g.,
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) for reliable data transmission.

 Security Measures: Integrate encryption mechanisms to ensure the security of

transmitted data.

4. Integration and Testing:

 Component Integration: Assemble the hardware components and integrate the
software modules.

 Testing Procedures: Conduct rigorous testing to ensure each component

functions as intended.

 System Validation: Verify the overall system's effectiveness in automating

appliance control based on user presence and activities.

5. Documentation:
 User Manual: Develop a user manual providing step-by-step instructions for
system setup, operation, and troubleshooting.

 Technical Documentation: Document the system architecture, hardware

specifications, software algorithms, and communication protocols.

6. Scalability and Future Expansion:

 Modular Design: Ensure a modular architecture to facilitate the addition of new
sensors, devices, or features.

 Compatibility: Design the system to be compatible with emerging technologies

for future upgrades.

7. Security and Privacy Considerations:

 Data Encryption: Implement encryption mechanisms to protect user data during
transmission.

 User Authentication: Integrate user authentication features to prevent

unauthorized access.

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 Future Scope
The "Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System" lays the foundation for
an intelligent and responsive living environment. The success of the current project
opens avenues for future developments and expansions, paving the way for a more
sophisticated and versatile system. The following aspects represent potential future
scope for enhancements and advancements:

1. Multi-Sensor Integration:
 Incorporating additional sensors, such as environmental sensors
(temperature, humidity, light), can enhance the system's ability to adapt to
various conditions and provide a more comprehensive understanding of
the living space.

2. Advanced AI Algorithms:
 Continuous improvement and integration of advanced artificial
intelligence algorithms can enhance the system's accuracy in detecting and
classifying user activities, making it more adept at understanding user
behavior.

3. User Profiling and Personalization:

 Implementing user profiling features can enable the system to learn and
adapt to individual user preferences over time. This can lead to
personalized automation scenarios tailored to the specific needs and habits
of each occupant.

4. Energy Optimization Strategies:

 Developing algorithms and strategies for optimizing energy consumption
further can contribute to increased sustainability. This may involve
integrating renewable energy sources and developing intelligent
scheduling algorithms for appliance usage.

5. Voice and Gesture Control:

 Expanding the user interface to include voice and gesture control
mechanisms can provide additional convenience and accessibility,
allowing users to interact with the system in a hands-free manner.

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6. Security Integration:
 Integrating security features, such as facial recognition or intrusion
detection, can extend the system's functionality to enhance home security,
making it a comprehensive smart home solution.

7. Cloud Integration:
 Implementing cloud-based services can facilitate remote monitoring and
control, enabling users to manage their living space and appliances from
anywhere with an internet connection.

8. Machine Learning for Continuous Improvement:

 Leveraging machine learning techniques for continuous system
improvement can enable the system to adapt and evolve based on
changing user behaviors and preferences.

9. Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems:

 Collaborating with existing smart home ecosystems and platforms can
broaden the system's compatibility with a wide range of devices and
services, creating a more interconnected and interoperable living space.

10.Mobile Application Development:

 Creating a dedicated mobile application can enhance user interaction and
provide real-time insights, allowing users to monitor and control their
living space conveniently from their smartphones.

11.Feedback Mechanisms:
 Implementing mechanisms for user feedback and system performance
evaluation can help in identifying areas for improvement and ensuring the
system meets user expectations.

12.Scalability for Larger Spaces:

 Designing the system to be easily scalable for larger living spaces or
commercial environments can extend its applicability beyond residential
settings.

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 Conclusion
In conclusion, the "Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System" represents

a transformative venture into intelligent living environments, combining advanced

technologies to enhance user comfort, energy efficiency, and automation. The detailed

requirements analysis, system design, and considerations for hardware and software

components provide a comprehensive foundation for the successful development and

implementation of the project.

The integration of a Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor, Arduino microcontroller,

artificial intelligence model, communication interface, and electrical appliance control

module demonstrates a holistic approach to creating an intelligent ecosystem within a

defined space. The careful consideration of functional and non-functional requirements

ensures that the system is reliable, scalable, secure, and user-friendly.

The architectural design outlines the interplay of system components, illustrating a

seamless flow from sensor input to appliance control. The hardware design delves into

the integration of sensors, microcontrollers, and control modules, while the software

design emphasizes the importance of efficient algorithms, communication protocols,

and user interfaces.

The system's future scope is broad, with opportunities for expansion into multi-sensor

environments, advanced machine learning algorithms, personalized user experiences,

and integration with emerging smart home ecosystems. The emphasis on privacy,

security, and scalability positions the system to adapt to evolving technological

landscapes and user expectations.

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As the project moves into the implementation phase, thorough testing, documentation,

and user education will be critical for ensuring the system's effectiveness and user

acceptance. The system's potential to revolutionize the way occupants interact with their

living spaces, promoting energy efficiency, adaptability, and a technologically advanced

lifestyle, underscores the significance of this endeavor.

In essence, the "Automated Living Space Monitoring and Control System" is not just a

technological innovation; it is a step towards redefining the synergy between technology

and daily life. It embodies the fusion of artificial intelligence, sensor technologies, and

user-centric design to create an environment that responds intelligently to the needs and

activities of its occupants, paving the way for a more connected and efficient future.

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