Ut mnela =\\ Krishna Pradeep's@__ asa TS onee ISI ¢ 21*CentuyIAS, 4 Group-|, Il, Ill, IV & a a Other Competitive Exams Scan this code for ONLINE APP & Online Courses Sie ed 35052121, 9133237733 é =? a Ive acter # ee 4~ OUR COURSES UPSC - CIVILS GENERAL STUDIES OPTIONALS e NCERT’S Foundation | | ¢ (Pub Admin, Anthro, Course PSIR, Socio & Geo) * Online/Offline Classes| | , paily & Weekly Tests e One-to-One Mentorshi ae * Test Series for Prelims/ e Free Study Space Mains/ Optionals GROUP-1 & GROUP-2 } °EM/T * Offline / Online °TSPSC & APPSC = Test Series Ta eefez Ktishna Pradeep’s@) =a a) 214 Centuy IAS . SA Producing Nex Genertion Leaders for 6 tonne ie INDEX fa Topic fast 6. Devadasi/Jogini System 9 7 [ei abou u 8. Girl Child In India And Tg 14 9. Fluorosis Problem 17 DOWNLOAD Our Online App Useful for Online Classes, Videos, Study Materia PSC, TSPSC, APPSC, Optional Subjects, New Offered Courses, Test Series © ‘MOBILE APP (© hittps: //www youtube. com/channel/UCeOPEpIW214uF JOEDICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS2 stcenturyHYD © seamed wnonen ScannerSociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behaviour. ¥ Sociology as a discipline originated from Europe. ¥ Socios in Latin word means brother/community/friend/comrade and logos in Greek means to study. ¥ _Itsimply means “study of society” The term sociology was for the first time used by August Compte who is considered as the father of sociology ¥ Govind Sadashiv Ghurye is considered as the father of indian Sociology The works of G.S Ghurye include ~ Caste, class and occupation Caste, race in India ¥ _IrawatiKarve is considered as the mother of sociology (indian). The works of irawati Karve include = Kinship Organization in india - Hindu Society — an interpretation Definitions 1. Sociology simply means the scientific study of social behavioural developments 2. According to LF. Ward, Sociology isthe science of society or of social phenomena 3. According to LT. Hobhouse, The subject-matter of sociology isthe inter-action of human minds’ 4. According to M. Ginsberg, ‘Sociology is the study of human inter-action and interrelation their conditions and consequences’ Salient Features of Indian Society 1, Balance between spiritualism and materialism (Purification of soul Vs human needs) 2. The Indian society believes in 100 yrs of life and every individual is required to pass through four stages that is Brahmacharya, Girihastha, Vanaprastha and sanyasa. This is called Ashrama Vwastha 3. Varna system is very much evident in India society that is Brahma, Kshatriya, Vysya and Sudra. It is Indian social stratification Dharma occupies a very important place and position. It explains the functions and roles of different people, social institutions and organisations. It is a thread which ties the Indians. @¥ https://mww youtube. com/channel/ UCeOPEpIW214uF JOEOIcsOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN SamerBalance between individualism and collectivism Indian is a country of heterogeneous ethnic and social groups which have their own languages and dialects Coexistence/fusion of tradition: Patriarchal society Rural agrarian social structure: m and modernity 10. Caste and class nexus: 11. Tolerance and mutual respect: 12. Existence of different Races ‘According to Munck Social exclusion is all the ways in which people are excluded from the necessities in life.” Characteristics of Social Exclusion Multidimensional Gender Exclusion ‘Age-Based Exclusion Ethnic Exclusion Exclusion from the Job Market Societies with Rigid Class Systems Discrimination ‘Mental Health Stigma Homelessness 10. Educational Exclusion 11. Exclusionary Neighbourhoods UNDP released Multidimensioanl poverty index every year As per the data of the global multidimensional poverty index, the ranking of India is 62 among 107 countries Reasons for social exclusion 1 2. 3. 4, Capitalism Globalisation Self-exclusion Cultural Practices @¥ https://mww youtube. com/channel/ UCeOPEpIW214uF JOEOIcsOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN SamerSocial Exlcusion in TG ses Sts Women Farmers Old age ‘The Cambridge dictionary describes inequality as “the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, etc. than other people”. Pe Pr eo Se Baar iS iio La As A Governments must listen to ordinary citizens and take meaningful action to reduce inequality. All governments must: set concrete, time-bound targets and action plans to reduce inequality as part of their commitments Under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 on inequality. Every year, before the Annual World Economic Forum at Davos, Oxfam International releases its annual inequality report. 2021 ~ Inequality Virus Report 2022 — Inequality Kills ‘The Oxfam report titled “Inequality Kills” was released in January 2022. The report highlighted a stark income divide worsened by the Covid pandemic, globally and in India. The report was released ahead of the World Economic Forum’s Davos Agenda and stated that the income of 84 percent of households in the country declined in 2021. Inequality Kills Report 2022: Highlights 1. Our world is being torn apart by growing racial, gender and economic inequality as well as international inequality. 2. Atleast one person dies as a result of inequality every four seconds. Covid-19 has reduced the incomes of 99% of the world’s population. 4, Since the pandemic started, the wealth of the top 10 wealthiest people in the world has doubled, (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN Samer‘Oxfam Report on Indian Situation ‘The report claims that although 84% of households in the nation saw their incomes decrease in 2021, ‘The number of billionaires in Indi \creased from 102 to 142. In India, there are 39% more billionaires in 2021 than there were in 2020, with more billionaires than France, Sweden and Switzerland combined. 4, Just after China and the US, India has the third-highest number of billionaires in the world, 5. The wealth of Indian billionaires surged from Rs 23.14 lakh crore to Rs 53.16 lakh crore during the Capital City Hyderabad Municipal Corporations 13 Municipalities 129 Zilla Praja Parishads 32 Mandal Praja Parishads 540, Revenue Villages (as per Census, 2011) 10,434 ‘Inhabited Villages (as per Census, 2011) 9,834 Households: 83.04 Lakhs Population: 350.04 Lakhs Male 176.12 Lakhs Female 173.92 Lakhs ‘Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 Males) one fate ae ° Decadal Growth Rate (2001-2011) 13.58 Rate Rural Population Male 107.05 Lakhs Rural Population Female 106.90 Lakhs (© hittps://www. youtube.com/channel/UCeOPEpIW214uF JOEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN SamerRural Population Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 Males) 1999 Ratio Rural to Total Population 61.12% Urban Population 136.09 Lakhs Urban Population Male 69.07 Lakhs Urban Population Female 67.02 Lakhs Urban Population Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 Males) 970 Ratio Urban to Total Population 38.88% [SC Population 54.09 Lakhs SC Population Male 26.93 Lakhs SC Population Female 27.16 Lakhs [ST Population 31.78 Lakhs ST Population Male 16.08 Lakhs ‘ST Population Female 15.70 Lakhs Child Population (0-6 years) 38.99 Lakhs Child Population (0-6 years) Male 20.18Lakhs Child Population (0-6 years) Female 18.81 Lakhs Child to Total Population 11.14% 932 Ratio Child Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 Males) (National Avg is 914/1000) Literates 206.97 Lakhs iterates Male 117.02 Lakhs Literates Female 89.05 Lakhs Literacy Rate 66.58 % (74,04 %) Literacy Rate Male 75.04 % Literacy Rate Female 57.99 % Total Workers 163,42 Lakhs Main Workers 137.20 Lakhs Marginal Workers 26.22 Lakhs Members of Parliament (MPs) 7 Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) 120 (119 +1) Member of Legislative Council (MLCs) 40 Towns (Statutory) 136 Smallest district Hyderabad Largest district Nalagonda (© hittps://www. youtube.com/channel/UCeOPEpIW214uF JOEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © seamed wnonen Scanner1, tis also called slave, bonded labour, beggar or serf 2. The Bonded labour system refers to “the relationship between a creditor and a debtor who obtain loan ‘owing to economic compulsion confronting his day to day life and agrees to abide by the terms dictated by the creditor. 3. Buddhadeb Chaudari and Sumita Choudari studies on bonded labour in india 4, Bhatiya Commission was formed on Bonded Labour in 1951 Telangana Veeti chakiri Udyamam 1. tis also called 1G Bonded labour movement or Telangana peasants armed struggle 2. It is between 1946 to 51 3. _Itstarted in Telangana region in Nizam rule 4, Vetti in Tg is the work assigned to the lower castes mostly untouchable families 5. There is no minimum or any kind of wage, no timings and every one must obey the rules laid by land lords 6 Simply it is unpaid or minimum paid work 7. The movement against bonded labour was triggered when Chakalli ailamma a washer women revolted against Vishnu Ramachandra Reddy a feudal land lord & Vishnu Ramachandra Reddy the landlord tried to take 4 acers of land of chakali ailamma 9. The revolt triggered when Doddi Komarayya who organised Andhra maha sabha in 1946 was killed 10. The movement was supported by CP! as they also started parallel governments in Nalagonda, Khammam. and Warangal BONDED LABOUR IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF INDIA ‘STATE NAME OF THE BONDED LABOUR ODISSA GOTH BIHAR JUNOURT GUIRATH HALL UTTAR PRADESH HALL RAJASTHAN ‘SAGRT ‘AP & TS, VETTI KARNATAKA, JEETHA MADHYA PRADESH NAUKARI, NAMA JAMMU & KASHMIR, JANA, MANJINI MAHARASTRA BEGAR. WEST BENGAL BADEN Vetti Andhra Mahasabha s. no. | YEARS PRESIDENT PLACE WOMEN PRESIDENT 7, [1930 | SURAVARAM PRATHAPREDDY __ | JOGIPET NADIMPALLY SUDARAMA 2. |1931 | BURUGULA RAMA KRISHNA RAO | DEVARAKONDA eee NERA * LAKSHMAMMA, '3,_|1934__| PULUAIAVENKATA RANGA RAO _| KHAMMAM ¥. SITA KUMARI @_|1935_| M, HANUMANTH RAO SIRICILIA M, MANIKYAMMA 5, [1936 __| KV RANGA REDDY ‘SHADNAGAR Burugula Anantha Laxmi Devi (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN Samer&._[1937__] NARSINGH RAO NIZAMBAD N.INDRA DEVI 7._|1940_| M. RAMACHANDRA RAO MALKAPUR YOGYASHEELA DEVI [1941 __| RAVI NARAYANA REDDY CHILKURU RANGAMA OBUL REDDY ‘9, [1942 __| M. RAMAKOTESHWARA REDDY _| DHARMAVARAM __| RANGAMA OBUL REDDY 10, [1943 _| KV RANGAREDDY HYDERABAD ¥. SITA KUMARI Ti, [194%__| RAVI NARAYAN REDDY BHONGIRI N. SATYAVATHI 12, [1945 __| M.NARSHINGH RAO MADIKONDA : 13, [1946 | J. KESHAVARAO KANDHT : Legal laws on Bonded Labour in India Y__ The Actis being implemented by the concerned State Govts /UTs. Y The Act provides several safeguards against the system, to protect the bonded labour from exploitation The Act provides for an institutional mechanism at the district level in the form of Vigilance Committees. Y — For the purpose of implementing the provisions of this Act, the State Governments/UTs may confer, on an Executive Magistrate, the powers of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or second class for trial of offences under this Act. Y — Government of india has introduced a revamped Central Sector Scheme for Rehabilitation of Bonded Labourers- 2016, under Bonded labor system abolition | 24" October act 1876 1975 which financial assistance to the tune of Rs.1.00 (one) lakh, Rs.2.00 (two) lakhs & Rs, 3.00 (three) lakhs are provided to release bonded labourers based on their category and level of exploitation along with other non-cash assistance for their livelihood. The Act also freed any person who was detained in civil prison in pursuance of a bonded debt. Y The Act has made the offence of practising Bonded Labour punishable, with imprisonment of up to 3 years and a fine up to two thousand rupees for any person compelling another individual to engage in bonded labour Oaisha Debt Bondage abolition and regulation Act 1945 Bihar ‘Schedule Area regulation Act 2021 Madhya Pradesh Schedule debt relief regulation Act 1965 Rajasthan Sagri system abolition Act 1976 (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © seamed wnonen Scanner‘This tradition dates back to the sixth century where young girls were married to the deity, after which ‘they would act as the temple caretakers and perform all rituals, including dance and music in the honor of, the deity, The first reference to dancing girls in temples is found in Kalidasa’sMeghadhoot ‘The ceremony in which the girl is married to the deity is also known as “pottukattu”. Originally, the girls learned and practised the arts like Bharathanatyam, Odissi or other classical dance forms, apart from taking care of the temple and engaging in rituals. They traditionally enjoyed a high status in society as music and dance were integral parts of worship in temples, They were considered auspicious as they were committed to the deity. Later, after the involvement of Mughals and Britishers in the country, many temples were broken and their status in the society deteriorated and they were being exploited and degraded. The children of the Devadasis were also made to learn music or were dedicated to the temples. It is one such practice whichis illegally being done in a few parts of India till date. According to Justice Raghunath Rao commission there are about 80,000 devadas's in AP and TG - Karimnagar = - 5861 - Nizambad =~ 5,666 - Mahabubnagar ~ 2879 - Medak - 145 - Nalagonda = 40 ‘The first research of this system is done by Abbe George Duebois in his book “Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies” ‘The following laws have been passed to stop the Devadasis tradition: + Bombay Devadasi Protection Act, 1934 © Madras Devadasi (Prevention of Dedication) Act of 1947 © Karnataka Devadasi (Prohibition of Dedication) Act, 1982 + Andhra Pradesh Devadasi (Prohibition of Dedication) Act, 1988 + Maharashtra Devadasi (Abolition of Dedication) Act, 2006 + Juvenile Justice Act 2015 (JJ Act) Section 372 and 373 of IPC declares prostitution illegal Difference b/W Devadasis and JoginisByLalitha vakulabaranam ~ > Devadasis do not have one particular caste, mostly BC women offered to God, whereas Joginis are mostly from Madiga caste Rajas and Zamindars use to take care of Devadasis whereas Joginis are not Devadasis were traditionally in dance, literature, and arts in pleasing God but most of Joginis are il vv erate v Matriarchal system is prevalent in Devadasis whereas patriarchal system prevalent in Joginis Devadasi system present all over India whereas Jogin| system in South India > Devadasis were mostly present in Shiva and Vishnu temples whereas Joginis are mostly dedicated to folk deities Devadasi system slowly got converted into prostitution whereas Joginis are sti prostitution rv v itaway pusher (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN Samerdifferent Kingdoms DEVADASI KING MAUHIA DEVI KAKATIVA PRATHAPA RUDRA RANIAKAM KUPPAYI ‘SRI KRISHNA DEVARAYA KUMARA GIRI REDDY 1 2. 3,_| CHAMKAMBA 4,_| PREMAVATHI AND TARAVATHI ‘Abdul Qutub Shah How the system of Devadas! is called in different areas Ss. No. REGION NAME 1.__| KERALA MAHARISH 2.__ | MAHARASTRA MURAL|/JOGATHIN/ARADHIN/DEVALI/MATANGI '3.__| TAMILNADU THEVADIYAR’S 4_| KARNATAKA BASAVL 5.__| KRUNOOL BHILWAI 6.__| MEDAK/WARANGAL JOGINI 7.__ | ANANTHAPUR/CHITOOR SHIVA PARVATHY &__| KARIMNAGAR JOGINI/PARVATHY/SHIVASATHULU ‘9. | VUAYANAGARAM MAMATHAMMA/THAYAMMA 10,__| RANGAREDDY ‘AMBABAI 1i,__| COASTAL AREAS DEVADASI 12. | MAHABUBNAGAR {JOGINI BASAVI 13._| ODISHA, MAHARI/MOHANASRI 14. | GOA BHAVANI OR KALAVATHI Book's on Jogini and devadasi system - They are also called as Venkatasani, Nailis, Muralis, Theradiyan ete s No BooK AUTHOR 1._[JOGINT ‘SHANTHI PRABODHA 2._| MATTIMANUSULU. V.R RASANI '3,_| MRUTHYURMO AMRUTHAMGYA HEMALATHA LAVANAM. 4,_| YELLAMMA KATHALU, LAKSHMIKANTH MOHAN. 5._|JAGADAM BOYA JANGAIAH, JOGINI SYSTEM ©. | Sevabasi svSTEM \VAKULABARANAM LALITHA AND PRAVEENA REDDY 7_| GUDI DOPIDI KV RANGA REDDY | 1000 PADUGALU VISHWANATH SATYANARAYANA ‘9.__| KATHULU - GADHALU. VENKATA SHASTRI DANCE FORMS IN DEVADAS! SYSTEM DANCE FO! RM NATTUVAMELAM, CHINNAMELAM. SADAR BHARATANATYAM KACHERI GAUALA PUIA olpfole|y|-lg » DARBAR ATA, (3 https: //www. youtube.com /channel/ UCEOPEpIW214uFJOEOIcs © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD OIA © seamed wnonen ScannerCHILD LABOUR CONSTITUTES FOR OF THE WORKFOR ri Child labour typically means the employment of children in any manual work with or without payment. As per the 2011 Census, in the age group 5-14 years, 10.1 million of 259.6 million constituted working children, Even though there was 2 decline in the number of working children to 3.9% in 2011 from 5% in 2001, the decline rate is grossly insufficient to meet target 8.7 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is to end child labour in all forms by 2025. The Indian constitution provides free and compulsory education for all children in the age group of six to 14 years as 2 fundamental right under article 21. Child labour in India decreased in the decade 2001 to 2011, and this demonstrates that the right combination of policy and programmatic interventions can make difference. (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN Samerena 7 % The number of children working as child labourers came down by 100 million in last two decades (1991 to 2011) which demonstrates that the right combination of policy and programma! interventions can make a difference; but COVID-19 pandemic has undone a lat of gains > The Covid-19 crisis has brought additional poverty to these already vulnerable populations and may reverse years of progress in the fight against child labour- ILO > A report by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF warns that 9 million ren are at the risk of being pushed into child labour by the end of 2022 globally, additional chil as a result of the pandemic. > There has been a significant increase in the proportion of working children from 28.2% to 79.6% out of the 818 children who were surveyed, mainly because of the COVID-19 pandemic and closure of schools, reveals a study conducted by Campaign Against Child Labour (CACL). > The coronavirus pandemic is forcing India’s children out of school and into farms and factories labour problem that was already one of the direst in the world to work, worsening a c! LEGAL ASPECTS 1. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act(1986) to prohibit the engagement of children in certain employments and to regulate the conditions of work of children in certain other employments 2. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016 : The Amendment Act completely prohibits the employment of children below 14 years, 3. The amendment also prohibits the employment of adolescents in the age group of 14 to 18 years in hazardous occupations and processes and regulates their working conditions where they are not prohibited 4. On World Day Against Child Labour (June 12) in 2017, India ratified two core conventions of the International Labour Organization on child labour. 5. National Policy on Child Labour (1987), with a focus more on rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations and processes, rather than on prevention. 6. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act2000 and amendment of the JJ Act in 2006: Includes the working child in the category of children in need of care and protection, without any limitation of age or type of occupation. 7. Section 23 (cruelty to Juvenile) and Section 26 (exploitation of juvenile employee) specifically deal with child labour under children in need of care and protection. (3 https: //www. youtube.com/channel/ UCEOPEpIW2I4uFJOEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © seamed wnonen ScannerChild Labour in Telangana 1. According to National Crime records bureau 2022 there were 982 cases registered under the Child Labour Act last year with the highest number of cases registered in Telangana (305) followed by Assam, 2. Telangana has highest number of child labour cases in the country In Telangana there are about 3.73 lakh child labourers among whom 49.2% are girls in the age group between 5 to 14 yrs 4. Ina sample survey conducted in 10 districts by TG labour department and CESS, 80 to 90 % of child labours belong to SCs and STs 5. According to the report ~ 79.3% (15 to 18yrs) - 20% (9 to 15yrs) - 1% (below 8) 6. The report revealed that = OBC (47%) - SC (32%) - ST (19%) = Others (1%) 7. Out of 10 districts, Vikarabad has highest no. of child labour 8 The report also said that, minor girls below the age of 14 yrs were employed to do child labour compared to boys by 8%. In adolescents age boys are more by 4% Telangana Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) (Amendment) Rules, 2021 1. The Government of Telangana has issued draft Telangana Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) (Amendment) Rules, 2021 vide notification dated September 1, 2021. 2. The Draft Rules further amend the Telangana Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Rules, 1995 in the following manner: 3. Rule 2A has been inserted which deals with Awareness on prohibition of employment of child & adolescent convention of Act 4. Rule 2B has been inserted which relates to child to help his family without affecting education shall be inserted which states that a child may work without affecting his school education subject to following conditions- Shall not work in hazardous occupation or process Shall not work at any stage of manufacturing, production, supply or retail chain that is remunerative to the child or his family. Shall not perform any task during school hours & between 7pm to 8am, 5. Rule 2C has been inserted which states that a child may be allowed to work as an artist subject to following conditions- No child shall be allowed to work more than S hours in a day & not more than 30 hours without rest. (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © seamed wnonen ScannerIndia has a sex ratio of 940 females per 1000 males Recent national data reveals that the dropout rate for girls at the elementary level are 4.10% which rises ‘to 16.88% at the secondary level, with the figures being substantially higher for girls from vulnerable groups (19.05% for $C and 24.4% for ST groups) (U-DISE 2015-16). ‘The retention rate of girls at the elementary level is 70.6% which drops to secondary level is 55.5% (U- DISE 2016-17). Only one in every three girls in India completes school education age-appropriately (U-DISE 2016-17). Child Marriage Out of the 12.15 million children married in India, 8.9 million are girls, and married girls are three times the boys. As per Census 2011, there are about 3 million children below age 14 that are married. Rural girls constitute 55% of married children. Ch In infancy, the girl child's biggest challenge is sex-selective abortion. India's rapidly deteriorating sex ratio (2011: 918 girls for 1,000 boys) is infamous across the world. ‘As per a 2011 finding, 90% of 11 million abandoned children are girls. Even with rising primary school enrolment (98% of rural Indian children in 2015 from 80-85% in the early 2000s), the share of Indian girls has not been adequately represented. Further, the majority of students who drop-out of schoo! before completing primary education (UNESCO 2012 data) are git! children. [As of 2015, according to statisticstimes.com, among all countries, India ranked 192nd with a dismal sex ratio of 106.98, which means there were only 93.47 females for every 100 males. Government policies f-7,S to encourage and empower the GIRL CHILD astrba Gach iyatay (BV): Forseting up esta ai asl Yojana rode by the Macy Pr foment ner eaxatoral and enone sin ange Development CD} 201, andarn to empower ad hor Shalt Yj: Lachey the Misty of WeD ‘Subang Sanh Yojana sarge sohomelaunched ts onsea (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN SamerGirl Child in Telangana ‘The total population of Telangana as of 2011 was 3,50,03,674. This was nearly 2.89% of the population of India in 2021, According to the projections of the National Commission on Population, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the population of Telangana in the years 2021 and 2031 would be 3,77,25,000 and 3,92,07,000 respectively. ‘This is 2.77% and 2.66% of the total population of the country in 2021 and 2031 respectively. Of the total population in Telangana in 2011, 1,73,92,041 are females and 1,76,11,633 are males. The share of females and males in the total population of the state is 49.7% and 50.3% respectively. The sex ratio (the number of females per thousand males) of the state is 988. ‘The sex ratio among the districts varies from 950 to 1046 with a median value of 996. Three districts; Suryapet, Mahabubabad and Henumakonda; have a sex ratio of 996. Rangareddy, with a sex ratio of 950, has the lowest sex ratio in the state. Nirmal, with a sex ratio of 1046, ranks highest among the districts in terms of the sex ratio, There are 38,99,166 children (0-6 years) in the state of which 18,81,231 are females and 20,17,935 are males. The child sex ratio (0-6 years) in the state is 932. ‘The child sex ratio (CSR) among the districts varies from 903 to 971 with a median value of 934. Wanaparthy and Mahbubabad, with a CSR of 903, have the lowest child sex ratio in the state ‘Mulugu, with a CSR of 971, has the highest child sex ratio in the state. (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD TeRERRIey sleel © scanned wthonEN Samer~The total sex ratio in TG is 98/1000. Rangareddy has the least with 950 and Nirmal has highest with 1046 = 13sstates in TG has 1000 plus sex ratio Child (0-6 Years) Sex Ratio in TG is 932/1000 - _ Wanaparthy has the least with 903/1000 and Mulgu with highest with 971/1000 Hie TR (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN SamerSC sex ratio is 1008/1000 1090/1000 at Nirmal and 956/1000 at JogulambaGadwal ST sex ratio is 977/1000 ‘Mulugu 1049/1000 and Rangareddy 912/100 Fluoride is the miner find in your bone and teeth It helps in preventing cavities, Itis mostly founded in Drinking water, Tooth paste, Mouth rinses, supplements etc 0.7 Parts per million is the allowed maximum in drinking water ‘The atomic Number of Fluoride is 9 “Peele” is the first to describe Fluorine in 1771 Nalagonda and Rangareddy has highest number of patients with Fluor FACTS ON FLOROSIS PROBLEM IN TELANGANA vvvvvYvy Fluorosis is endemic in 20 states and UTs Majorly prevalent in AP, Telangana, Gujarat and Rajasthan Caused due to excessive fluoride in drinking water WHO permissible limit: Img ppm litre In districts like Nalgonda ~ As high as 7mg per litre (vary from 0.4mg/lit to 29mg/lit) It mainly affects teeth and bones and can lead to mental and physical problems Fluoride concentration in rock types: Shale>Granite> Sandstone>Limestone>basalt In 2020 Telangana was declared as Fluorosis free state due to zero recorded cases ~ Largely attributed to the Mission Bhagiratha (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN Samernp, | CONCENTRATION OF FLORIDE MG/LITER EFFECT 1_[ NIL LiMiTED GROWTH 2 [OSG DENTAL CARRIERS 3 [OSTOLSMG PROMOTE DENTAL HEALTH a [15 T04MG DENTAL FLOROSIS 5._[4T010MG DENTAL, SKIN FLOROSIS 6._ | MORE THAN OMG CRIPPLING FLOROSIS| Mission Kakatiya = The objective of Mission Kakatiya Is to enhance the development of agriculture based income for small and marginal farmers, by accelerating the development of minor irrigation infrastructure, strengthening community based irrigation management and adopting a comprehensive programme for restoration of tanks. = The Government has prioritized to take the restoration of minor irrigation tanks to restore them to store their original capacity and to effectively utilize 255 TMC of water allocated for Minor irrigation sector under Godavari & Krishna River basins. - Areconciliation survey was conducted to identify the exact number of all types of Minor irrigation sources in Telangana State. - Asper survey 46,531 No of M.I, Small tanks, Percolation tanks, Private Kuntas and Small tanks (constructed by Forest Department) were identified for restoration. ~The massive programme for Restoration of tanks is named as "Chinna Neeti Vanarula Punaruddarana and It is renamed as "Mission Kakatiya". = The Govt is planned to restore 9,306 Tanks every year (20% of total tanks) with an eventual target of restoring all 46,531 tanks in S years, in 2 phased manner = IDENTIFICATION OF TANKS = 1) The District Minister /local MLA/MLC/Public representatives will be approached to identify priority order for restoration of local tanks. = 2) Mandal Assistant Executive Engineer will submit the list of tanks under his Jurisdiction to concerned officials / public representatives. Mission Bhagiratha ~ Bhagiratha is asafe drinking water project for every village in Telangana State, with a budget of 43,791 crores. = The project aims to provide piped water to 2,32 crore people in 20 lakh households in urban and 60 lakhs in rural areas of Telangana = The ambitious project will supply clean drinking water to all households in the state through water sourced from River Godavari (53.68 TMC) and River Krishna (32.43TMC).. The bulk supply is expected to be completed by May 2018 and intra-village, intra-locality works will be completed by December 2018 @¥ https://mww youtube. com/channel/ UCeOPEpIW214uF JOEOIcsOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © seamed wnonen ScannerIndia is one of the biggest growing economies in the world. Agriculture is the primary occupation of nearly half the population of the country. National Commission on Farmers (NCF) was constituted on November 18, 2004, under the chairmanship of Professor M.S. Swaminathan. Its recommendations mainly focused on issues of access to resources and social security entitlements and contain suggestions for inclusive growth of farmers and the agriculture sector in India. On the issue of Minimum Support Price, the committee recommended providing farmers with 2 minimum support price of 50% above the cost of production classified as C2 by the Commis jon for Agric Costs and Prices (CACP). CACP proposes three definitions of production costs : © AB: Actual paid-out expenses incurred by farmers — in cash and kind on seeds, fertilisers, pesticides etc. © A2#FL: It is A2 cost plus an imputed value of unpaid family labour. © C2: Itaccounts for the rentals or interest loans, owned land and fixed capital assets over and above A2+FL. ‘The Committee recommended the MSP to be basic cost and prescribed MSP 50% above C2. Doubling Farmer's Income by 2022-23: The goal set to double farmers’ income by 2022-23 is central to promote farmers welfare, reduce agrarian distress and bring parity between the income of farmers and those working in non-gricultural professions, Initiatives of Central Government: In recent years, the Central government has taken various measures like the PM FasalBimaYojana(PMFBY), PM KrishiSinchalYojana (PMKSY), electronic National Agricultural market (e-NAM), Soil health card, Neem-coated urea etc. In the 2018-2018 budget for farmers, the Union budget has announced Minimum Support Prices (MsPs) at 50% above the production cost. It also proposed to launch “Operation Greens” in the agriculture sector on the same lines of the milk. sector’s “Operation Flood”, Farm Support Schemes: Some States have introduced farm support schemes, examples being the RythuBandhu Scheme (Telangana) and the Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income ‘Augmentation (KALIA) scheme (Odisha) India is an agrarian country with around 48.9%* of its people depending directly or indirectly upon agriculture A total of 10,881 persons involved in farming sector (consisting of 5,318 farmers/cultivators and 5,563 agricultural labourers) have committed suicides during 2021, accounting for 6.6% of total suicides victims (1,64,033) in the country. Out of 5,318 farmer/cultivator suicides, a total of 5,107 were male and 211 were female. Out of 5,563 suicides committed by agricultural labourers during 2021, 5,121 were male and 442 were female. Certain States/UTs namely, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Tripura, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep and Puducherry reported zero suicides of Farmers/Cultivators as well as Agricultural Labourers. (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA (© hetps://telegram.me/IAS2istcenturyHYD © scanned wthonEN Samer= Maharashtra followed by Karnataka tops in farmer suicides States/UTs with zero suicides tnee | ee by ffarmerseutivators as well farmers/ | agricultural 2s.eqr bowers labourers i ie Maharashtra Karnataka 2,169 AN 1,170/999 Andhra Pradesh 1,065 INN 481/584 Madhya Pradesh 671 NNN 117/554 Tamil Nadu 599 | 61/538 Inna 7 Total no of suicides* ‘YEAR-WISE alzs02 = Telangana ranks fourth in farmers suicides in 2021 = The number of farmers and cultivators committing suicide in Telangana fell by about 59 per cent from 2017 till 2021, but the state still accounted for over 10 per cent of such incidents nationwide = Between 2017 till 2021, 28,572 farmer suicides were reported all over the country of which 3,055 took place in Telangana. Schemes for TG 1. RythuBandhu 2. RythuBima 3. 24/7 Free electricity (3 https: //www. youtube.com channel/UCeOPEpIW2I4uF]OEOICSOiA © https://telegram.me/1AS21stoenturyHYD © seamed wnonen Scanner- OUR COURSES UPSC - CIVILS GENERAL STUDIES OPTIONALS e NCERT’S Foundation | | » (Pub Admin, Anthro, Course PSIR, Socio & Geo) ¢ Online/Offline Classes} | , Daily & Weekly Tests e One-to-One Mentorshi ee ee * Test Series for Prelims/ e Free Study Space Mains/ Optionals {GROUP-1 & GROUP-2 } °EM/TM * Offline / Online °TSPSC & APPSC = Test Series