Plant Kingdom Bio
SSC MTS, Group D, NTPC, Railway, NDA & BPSC
» Gymnosperms – No Flower & Fruits
» Most Premitive Vascular Plants – Fern
» Fungi – Made Of Chitin
» Botanical Snakes – Pteridophyta
» Bryophyta – Amphibian Of Plant Kingdom
Biological classification
• 2 kingdom classification (Linnaeus) – Plantae & Animalia
• 5 kingdom classification (Robert Whittaker) in 1969 – Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae & Animalia
• These group are formed on the
basis of their – cell structure,
mode & source of nutrition &
body organization
Hierarchy of classification
• Basic unit of classification –
species
• Species – includes all
organisms that are similar
enough to breed &
perpetuate
Monera
• These organisms do not have defined
nucleus or organelles
• Do not show multicellular body design
• Some have cell walls while some do not
• Mode of nutrition can be
- Autotrophic
- Heterotrophic
• includes – bacteria, blue-green algae or
cyanobacteria & mycoplasma
Protista
• Includes – unicellular eukaryotic
organisms
• Use – appendages, such as hair like
cilia or whip-like flagella for
moving around
• Mode of nutrition – autotrophic or
heterotrophic
• Eg- unicellular algae, diatoms &
protozoans
Fungi
• Heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms
• Some Use – decaying organic material as
food, therefore called – Saprotrophs
• Others require – a living protoplasm of a
host organism for food – called Parasites
• Many have capacity to become
multicellular organisms @ certain stages in
their lives
• Eg- yeasts, molds & mushrooms
Fungi
• Have cell walls made of tough complex sugar
called – chitin
• Some fungal species live in permanent
mutually dependent relationship with blue-
green algae or cyanobacteria – called
symbiotic relationship
• These symbiotic life forms are called – lichens
(slow-growing large coloured patches on the
bark of trees
Plantae Animalia
• Are multicellular • Include – all
eukaryotes with cell walls organisms which are
• Are autotrophs multicellular
• Use chlorophyll for eukaryotes without
photosynthesis cell walls
• Includes – all plants • Are heterotrophs
Plantae
• Level of classification
1 whether plant body has well differentiated, distinct part
2 whether has special tissues for the transport of water & other substances
3 whether has ability to bear seeds
4 whether seeds are enclosed within fruits
• included-
1 Thallophyta
2 Bryophyta
3 Pteridophyta
4 Gymnosperms
5 Angiosperms
Thallophyta
• Do not have well-differentiated
body design
• Commonly called – algae
• Are predominantly aquatic
• Eg- spirogyra, ulothrix,
cladophora, ulva & chara
Bryophyta
• Are Called – Amphibians of plant
kingdom
• Plant body – differentiated to form
stem & leaf-like structures
• No specialized tissue (for
conduction of water & other
substances )
• Eg- moss(funaria) & Marchantia
Pteridophyta
• Plant body- differentiated into roots, stem
& leaves
• Has specialized tissue for conduction
• Eg- Marsilea, ferns & horse-tails
• Reproductive organs of plants in
Thallophyta, bryophyta & Pteridophyta
are – very inconspicuous, therefore called
– Cryptogams (hidden reproductive
organs)
Pteridophyta
• Plants with well differentiated reproductive parts
that make seeds – called Phanerogams
• Seeds – result of sexual reproduction, consists –
embryo along with stored food (assists initial
growth of embryo during germination )
• This group is further classified – naked seeds or
seeds enclosed in fruits
Gymnosperms
• Derived from 2 greek words :
gymno –naked + sperma – seed
• Bear naked seeds
• Are perennial, evergreen &
woody
• Eg – pines & deodar
Angiosperms
• Derived from 2 greek words : angio –covered + sperma – seed
• Also called – flowering plants
• Seeds develop inside an ovary which modified to become –
fruit
• Plant embryos in seed have structures called – Cotyledons (are
called – seed leaves )
• Divided into 2 groups on the basis of the no. Of cotyledons or
present in the seed :
1- plants with seed having single cotyledon – called –
monocotyledonous or monocots
2- plants with seed having 2 cotyledons –called – dicots
Q.1.
Which of the plant gíoups needs both land and
wateí to complete theií life cycle?
a) Pteridophyta • Are Called – Amphibians of
b) Thallophyta plant kingdom
• Plant body – differentiated to
c) Bryophyta
form stem & leaf-like
d) Pryophyta
structures
Option : C
Q.2.
A plant that has seeds but no flowers and fruits?
a) Angiosperms • gymno –naked + sperma – seed
b) Gymnosperms • Bear naked seeds
c) Pteridophyta • Are perennial, evergreen &
d) Bryophyta woody
Option : B
Q.3.
Most primitive vascular
plants?
a) Mosses
• Pteridophyta Eg-
b) Ferns Marsilea, ferns &
horse-tails
c) Cycads
d) Kelps
Option : B
Q.4.
Plants that possess spores and embryo but lack
vascular tissues and seeds?
a) Bryophyta • No specialized tissue (for
b) angiosperms conduction of water & other
c) Pteridophyta substances )
d) Gymnosperm • Eg- moss(funaria) & Marchantia
Option : A
Q.5.
Angiosperms are the dominant flora
because of
a) Domestication by man • angio –covered + sperma
B) Power of adapting in – seed
diverse habitats • Also called – flowering
c) Self-pollination property
plants
d) Property of producing a
large number of seeds
Option : B
Q.6.
Plants Reproducing by spores are grouped under
a) Bryophytes
b) Sporophytes • Reproductive organs of plants
c)Cryptogams in Thallophyta, bryophyta &
d) T hallophytes Pteridophyta are – very
inconspicuous, therefore called
– Cryptogams (hidden
Option : C reproductive organs)
Q.7.
Plants having vasculaí tissue without
seeds
हबना बीज वा िे े ि िंव नी ऊ िि वा िे े पौध
a) Angiospeím
b) Pteíidophyte • Plant body- differentiated
s
into roots, stem & leaves
c) Bíyophytes
d) Gymnospeím • Has specialized tissue for
s Option : B conduction
Q.8.
Conifers can tolerate extreme environments
because of
a) Presence of vessels
b) Thick cuticle
c) Superficial stomata
d) Broad hardy leaves
Option : B
Q.9.
T h e cell wall of Spirogyra contains
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin • Have cell walls made of
c) Lignin tough complex sugar
d) Suberin called – chitin
Option : A
Q.10.
Botanical snakes are :
a) Bryophyta
• This group is further
b) Pteridophyta classified – naked
seeds or seeds
c) Thallophyta
enclosed in fruits
d) Angiosperms
Option : B
Q.11.
The characteristic trait of the plant body of bryophtyes
is that:
a) plant body is more differentiated than that of algae.
b) plant body is equally differentiated to that of algae.
c) plant body is less differentiated than that of algae.
d) plant body is not differentiated.
Option : A
Q.12.
Fruits are not formed in gymnosperms because of:
a) Absence of pollination
• Eg – pines & deodar
b) Absence of seed
c) Absence of fertilization
d) Absence of ovary
Option : D
Question for You
Q. Vascular tissue is not found
in
a) Bryophyta
b) Pteridophyta
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms
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