Introduction to AI Poundoonal Concept fA and TeenagerCheck Point gossleslus 1. Which of the following clearly define intelligence ? (a) It is the ability to understand things (It is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills in various domains (c) It is the ability to describe things (@/1t is the ability to understand objects/feelings/situations along with acquiring and applying knowledge and skills in various domains 2. How many types of intelligences are there ? @8 oo 2 (10 3. Who introduced the Theory of Multiple Intelligences to larger audiences ? @y Howard Gardner (b) Steve Howie (€) Howard Johnson (@) Jackie Robinson 4. Which of the following is not a valid type of intelligence as per the multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardner ? (a) Intra-personal Intelligence (®) Linguistic Intelligence (c) Naturalist Intelligence @Jovial Intelligence 5. A person can possess _ types of intelligence simultaneously, (@8 3 @ multiple @ 2 6. The Accountant of your school who does all the calculations regarding fee and salary, has____ intelligence. @ inathematical (b) spatial (6) linguistic @ musical 7. The Belle dancers are said to have intelligence @bodily-kinesthetic (b) spatial (6) linguistic (@ fundamental10. 1 2. 13, U4 15. 16. 17, 18, 19, 20, Session 1 : FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF Al The athletes are said to have (@Podily-kinesthetic ) 5 me c) linguisti (0) linguistic (@) fundamental — intelligence. —— intelligence. The vocalists of different songs have (2) mathematical ; (b) spatial (0) linguistic Cae Your school principal, a great orator, has ___ intelligence. (2) mathematical (6) spatial @/linguistic (a) musical The piano player displays amazing intelligence, (@) spatial @rinusical (0) naturalist (@) interpersonal Karate Masters display great —____ intelligence. (2) existential (b) interpersonal (c) musical @bodily-kinesthetic Ms. A has naturalistic intelligence. She ___. (@) loves driving cars (0) is a good interior decorator (©fenjoys working with plants (@) works well with children Tanya is existentially intelligent. She keeps asking questions about : (@) shapes, patterns and equations @ the purpose of life (©) nature and plants (@) music, rhythm, pitch Mr. Y has high interpersonal intelligence. He __ (a) can read books very fast @/inakes friends quickly (0 can interact with animals (@ is a good cook 1 am intra-personally intelligent. It means _ (a) Tam an extremely outgoing person (6) Lam really good at sports (c) Lam really good at arts @Tam able to understand myself well | The chief guest of our annual function spoke expressively. He displayed great intelligence. (a) bodily kinesthetic ® spatial : (0) existential Oinguistic Process of deciding about an option/choice from an available set of choices is called . | G/tecsion-making (a) intelligence () oon (@) none of these Which of the following contribute to the intelligence ? (a) Past experience (®) Data/Information (0) Intuition @YAI of these ___ isan outcome of past experience, knowledge, data/information available, your intuition ete, @ntelligence (@ Decision-making (©) Execution (d) None of these UNIT I; INTRODUCTION To ASession 2 : Al DOMAINS AND TECHNOLOGIES 23, C2reck Point eons 10. ‘The branch of AI that works with understanding language based audio inputs and producing language based audio output, is called (@) Audio Input Output Processing @/Natural Language Processing (0) Audio Language Processing (@) Natural Language Input Output By Tepeatedly telling a computer about some facts if the computer learns to understand and interpret it - is an example of (a) NLP (&) ML (© Computer Vision @VAlll of these An Al field which uses scientific algorithms and methods on data to extract knowledge so as use it in various applications, is called (@) Computer Vision @ Data Science (©) Machine Learning (@) None of these An application lets you search what you see, get things done faster and understand the world around you ~ using just your camera or a photo. Which domain does this app belong to? (@) Natural Language Processing (b) Data Sciences @Computer Vision (a) Artificial Language Processing [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22, Term I] You called a company’s customer care office. An application there responded you, spoke to you, asked broadly about your issue and then transferred your call to appropriate department. This is an example of technology of AI. (a) Machine Learning () Big Data @NLP (@ Data Science Virtual Assistants like Siri, Alexa, Cortana are based on technology of Al. (@) Machine Learning (® Big Data NLP (a) Data Science Your health insurance company has asked all its customers to regularly deposit bi-yearly reports of health tests. After sometime, it is able to recommend to your doctors by predicting your possible ailment in future. This is an example of technology of AI. @Data Science (¥) Computer Vision (© Big Data (@ All of these [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22, Term I] Most used Al technology categories are _ @ Machine learning Deep learning (0) Flat learning (@) Device learning Al enables machines to automatically lear and improve at tasks with experience, by the use of data @ Machine learning (b) Deep learning (© Flat learning (@ Device learning AI enables learning through examples and filtering of input data using layers and rule-based algorithms. (@) Machine learning O/Deep learning (6) Flat learning (d) Device learning,24 ARTIFICIAL INTELUGENCE-X @irue (b) False 11, Deep Learning is a subset of Machine learning: om torrecognize and). distngtt 12. Name the key technology behind driver-less ca", that enables them to recog} istinguish between signs and people. (d) Device learning (2) Machine learning @Deep learning, (© Flat learning Competency Based Questions i Your school management hi x, which plays chess: a Saat. especially the chess players of school team, can ser eer, was initially able to cefeat Game but with time Gamer seldom loses. Gamer has fine tuned its playing straleBy with every game with Xavier, ? Which AI technology is behind Gamer's improved performance cee (@ NLP (6) Computer Vision (€) ML or 14. Mr. Dinesh Patel, a Computer Science teacher at Kendriya humanoid namely Shalu, which can converse in 47 langu the robot, converse with us humans ? NLP (6) Computer Vision (c) ML 15, Rania’s grandfather is regular user of insurance. In the past he has claimed insurance for various Gifferent treatments, Using his past medical cord) the insurance company’s, CANUg tia predicts about the diseases possible in future. Which technologies do they use ? (@ Al OL (¢ DL (@ NLP 16. To help the field of agriculture, the government is using many AI technologies. One such usage is optimizing yield production by using data from sensors and satellites while considering climatic Conditions. This requires a great computation and complex models having many-many computational layers. Which AI technology do you think it may be based on ? (@ ML ODL ow (@) NLP < LeT Us REVISE ‘Artificial Intelligence (Al) refers to ability of modern machines and computers to mimic human intelligence. AI machines work through data, algorithms and models. ‘> Most used of AI technologies are Machine Learning and Deep Learning. ‘ Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of AI that enables machines to automatically learn and improve at tasks with experience and by the use of data. 4 Deep Learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning where learning takes place through examples y filtering the input data using layers and rules-based algorithms to predict and classify information. « Alhas three domains : Data and Data Science, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing. é Data science is a field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data to apply in AI applications. ‘+ Computer vision refers to the training of computers to have a vision somewhat like humans so that machines can accurately identify and classify objects ~ and then react to what they “see”. “Natural panies ie (NLP) is a subfield of AI, mainly concerned with the interactions between ‘computers and human languages in the form of speech (natural tar natural language) output. mguage) input and speech (nat FaceBook’s DeepFace technology is based on Computer Vision AI. ‘+ Modern day chatbots and virtual assistants are based on NLP. 13. Your school has bought a robot namely installed it in the sports room where the stu play chess with Gamer. Your chess team capt Vidyalaya, has developed an educational ages, Which Al technology helps Shalu, (@) Data Science °Te SAuion Time ton Time 1. Speech recognition and re , Explain. oS 7 Speech recognition and response belongs to NLP — Natural Language Processing domain of Al which is aimed at developing the natural language related intelligence similar to humans. Modern day chatbots and virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant are based on this technology. Session 2: Al DOMAINS AND TECHNOLOGIES 25 “ponse by machines isa revolutionary concept. Which domain of AI does it belong to ? 2. Give an example of AI application/technology that has used and implemented various domains of Al. Ans. Humanoid Sophia, 3. Give an example of computer-vision based AI application which has capability to change the way we live now. Explain Ans, Self-driving cars. The self-driving cars would have computer-vision based technology using which they can identify which objects are in front of them, at what distance, moving at what speed etc. and based on this information, they can make decisions like drivers. It would change the future scene as then we would not have to worry about the driving conditions, vehicles and people around it and so on. We could just sit on the back seat and doing our other preferred work. 4, How do Machine Learning systems work ? ‘Ans, Machine Learning (ML) is an AI technology that takes lots of input data and finds patterns in data and uses them to make predictions. ML algorithms use computational methods to “learn” information directly from data without relying on a predetermined equation as a model. 5. How do Deep Learning systems work ? ‘Ans. Deep learning is a specialized form of machine learning. Deep Learning (DL) enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast amounts of data. Since the system has got huge set of data, it is able to train itself with the help of multiple machine learning algorithms working altogether to perform a specific task. < GLOSSARY Mv Al Artificial Intelligence ; Simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. Computer Vision Ability of machines and computers to have a vision somewhat like humans so that machines can accurately identify and classify objects. Data Science A field of Al that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data. Deep Learning A subset of machine learning where learning takes place through examples by filtering the input data using layers and rules-based algorithms. Machine Learning A branch of Al that enables mai experience and by the use of data. NLP Natural Language Processing ; Ability of machines to understand and interpret naturaHlanguage-based input and respond in natural-language based form. 1es to automatically learn and improve at tasks with Tum etter Trou oleae or ee | Session 3 : Al APPLICATIONS 33 | ! Check Point 6 The virtual assistants like Siri, Goo : le Assistant, Alexa can easily understand converse in your spoken language. This is possible because of domain of Al. (a) Computer Vision OAr (©) Data (d) GPs The chatbots are based on Al's domain primarily. (@) Computer Vision yp (6) Data (@ GPs The driverle ess cars primarily us domains and technologies of AL (a) Computer Vision (b) GPs (0) Data @AII of these Which of these plays an important role in providing interactive and immersive ‘gaming experience ? («) Computer Vision (b) Gps @Data (d) All of these Which of the following have played an important role in agriculture for analysing the best crop type and potential issues ? (@) Computer Vision Gps @Data (d) All of these Which of these domains and technologies play an important role in creating human like robots ? (@) Computer Vision () NLP (©) Data @AII of these Which of the field given below have mainly befitted from the data science domain of AL? (@) Sales and Marketing (®) Logistics and Supply Chain (c) Agriculture @FAII of these Competency Based Questions Well is a heath service that serves as a trusted, personalized health guide, UWell guides people through the right health journey based on their pre-existing conditions, ongoing health concems and gaps in general health knowledge. The health engine combines both personal and external health and medical reports to provide informed advice based on other user experiences, Which of these AI domains are the prime factor of UWell services ? (2) Computer Vision () NLP @Data (@) All of these ‘iant's it ed mapping, scans road information and ‘Maps, the search giant's technology, with Al-enabled mappi ang crits een optimal route to take, be it on foot or in a car, bike, bus or train. It also ann voice instructions about the route. Which of these AI domains are the prime factor of Google Maps services ? () NLP (@) Computer Vision oneal All of these nha Parte34 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ficial intelligence team recently trained an img ook) artificia Instagram photos tagged with hashtage ., ns of pul 10. The Meta company’s (formerly FaceBoo recognition model to 85% accuracy using The key technology behind this model 7) yp (Computer Vision (a All of these (c) Data ¢ LeT Us REVISE such as healthcare, content creation, chatoy, i arenas, al fils and orn trough GPS, Sales and marketing, ogists ang 4 AT has found applications in nearly and virtual assistants, autonomous vel supply chains, gaming, robotics and so forth. ret yea nee it 7 lysing hu! + AT has great capability of processing and anal eye. 4 Artificial Intelligence based applications of today ca” sae oi comer Sorm of articles, blog, etc., video content, images & graphics, music content ané © A virtual assistant is an aplication program that understands cat Heneon commands ang ie 0 3 completes tasks fora user, wile providing a variety of remote Sens is A chatbot is an artificial intelligence producto software which can simulate a real-life conversation onthe chat which happens between the user and the company. 4 sing computer vision and data processing capabilities ‘global navigation satelite system (made up of at leat d time synchronization. ting. icles, navig + Driverless cars are a reality because of ATS us 4 GPS, or the Global Positioning System, is a 24 satellites) that provides location, velocity an 4 Data science domain of AI plays an important role in sales and market 4 ATprovdes immersive and interactive gaming experience to the players after analysing ther playing she, past choices and preferences. ‘+ AIS all domains such as NLP (Natural Language Processing), CV (Computer Vision) and Data play important roles in creating human like robots. ¢ GLOSSARY Virtual Assistant An application program that understands natural language voice commands and completes tasks for a user, while providing a variety of remote services to a business Chatbot An artificial intelligence product or software which can simulate a real-life conversation on the cha which happens between the user and the company. : Assignment — 1. Discuss different fields where AI has been extensively used, 2. How is healthcare field benefitting from Al? 3. How are modern gadgets like Alexa benefitting from AI? 4. What is a virtual assistant ? Give examples, 5. What is a chatbot ? How is it useful ?10, ul 12, 13, 14, 15. Session 3: Al APPLICATIONS 35 How is Sales and Marketing field benefitting from AI? How is Agriculture field benefitting from Al ? How is Logistics and Supply Chain field benefitting from Al? How is Robotics field benefitting from Al ? How are autonomous vehicles making use of AI? How is Al contributing to Google Maps ? Give examples of some applications of Al where NLP is primarily used. Give examples of some applications of Al where data is primarily used and analysed. Give examples of AI applications which are based on computer vision domain of Al. Give examples of Al application that use nearly all domains of AlCZreck Point — 1. Which of the following are some ethical issues around AI ? (@) Bias and Fairness (b) Accountability (c) Cyber Security and Malicious use @AI of these ‘For hiring purposes, a big firm made use of an AI based software and it resulted in hiring very few women in past 5 years’. Which Al ethical issue is related to this ? (a) Transparency @Bias and Fairness (Q) Trust, privacy and control (d) Automation and impact over jobs 3, Results based on incomplete or prejudiced data, produced by AI tools, are signified as __- (@ Al fairness _(H) Deepfake (©) Robotics @At bias r “A college student created a fake picture of his fellow student using Al's deepfake technology and registered for a competition’. Which AI ethical issue is related to this ? (@) Transparency (®) Bias and Fairness “rust, privacy and control (@) Automation and impact over jobs10, n. 2 Session 4: ALETHICS 47 ‘A big data analytics company illegally used the data s about their political preferences and tried to misuse Which Al ethical issue is related to this ? @ Human rights and AL (©) Transparency ial media users of a consistency to know to affect the result of election in that area’. Cyber security and malicious use (d) Safety company laid off many factory workers eversince it started using robots in factory, ¥ the employment and livelihood of these workers’. Which AI ethical issue is related ‘An automobile heavily affectin, to it? (@) Transparency (®) Bias and Fairness () Trust, privacy and control @Automation and impact over jobs ‘The data used by AI algorithms to build AI models is known as data. (2) Fair (+) Testing @ Training (@) Annotated What is/are the reason(s) behind AI bias in data ? (@) Flawed and unbalanced data collection _(b) Wrong assumptions (©) No proper bias testing and mitigation _@Y/All of the above (©) None of these Which of the following measure(s) will ensure Data Fairness in Al ? (@) Ensuring balanced data (®) Observing biases in human decisions and the data collected Supervised decision-making (@) Regular bias testing (©) All of the above () None of these Which of the following measure(s) are useful for reducing and mitigating AI bias ? (®) Team diversity () Data diversity (0) Data review (@ Bias testing @AI of the above (f) None of these Competency Based Questions Facebook research developed two Al based chatbots namely Alice and Bob. But after some time facebook shutdown these chatbots. The reason told behind it was that Alice and Bob developed own language after few exchanges and started interacting in that language. This case is clear indicator of AI ethics ‘ (a) Trust, Privacy and Control Accountability (© Human rights and Al (@ All of these A big multinational company established a huge campus in XYZ country and it also built a residential campus for its thousands of employees in that country. Nearly 90% of these company employees now work during nights because of time zone difference from the head office Thus during the daytime, the electricity consumption is very low in the company campus and residential complex. The XYZ country’s government is implementing the new technologies in Various sectors. For power distribution, if also got developed an Al based software from a big Software development firm. This Al based power distribution software distributes power smartly as per the consumption pattern of an area.4B ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X 13, 14. 15. erduring day time, the AI software has cut Since the MNC campus and complex use Very 1655 POM wer, power in that area without accounting for the right Use it? For this discrepancy, which Al ethical isue is related 10 y @Accountabil (@) Bias and Fairness fy Human- AL interaction tt keeps innovating its product ang com cently, XYZ company came up with Ser ck creefal, However, it wants that np Pi Weg the XYZ. company employed an Al Hs ng the correct design of packaging the AT software can NOW remove boxes (0 Transparency ABC manufacturing company is hugely successful comPAYY packaging keeping in mind the ease of use unique design of packaging boxes which packaging box should have any design fault. To ensure based software. It was shown a huge collection of images box. After repeated use of this huge collection of imaBes, with incorrect design. Such a huge collection of data used for teaching AT software t data. (@ AL (b) Testing Oftraining In 2014, Amazon developed an AI recruiting system to streamline their id De It ae found to be discriminatory against women as the data used to train the model was a ihe past 10 years, where most selected applicants were men due to the male ‘dominance in the tech industry. Amazon, scraped this system in 2018. This is an example of AI ethical issue (@Bias and Fairness (b) Accountability (@) Human-Al interaction o work in a certain way is called (d Alll of these (©) Transparency ‘Ananya has recently bought a robot to do cleaning including mopping: The robot senses the dirty floor, calculates the average time taken to mop, senses the obstacle and changes the direction, also goes for auto charging, Her housemaid was feeling insecure as if she would not be required in the near future. This is a problem related to [CBSE 2021-22 (Term 1)] (a) Al Bias (@AL Ethics (0) Al Creating Unemployment (@ Data Privacy < LET US REVISE & Various ethical issues of AI are : Bias and Faimess, Accountability, Transparency, Safety, Human - Al interaction, Trust, Privacy and Control, Malicious use of AI, Impact over jobs, Human and Robot rights and so forth. 4 Deepfake is a technology that can generate fake digital photos, sound recordings, and video, which look just as original as possible. “AT ethics isa set of values, principles, and techniques that employ widely accepted standards of right and wrong to guide moral conduct in the development and use of Al technologies. 4 ATbias is an anomaly (irregularity of abnormality) inthe result produced through AT based programs and algorithms because of prejudiced (discriminatory) assumptions made dur i le dt it process or prejudices in the training data, luring the algorithm deta “Training data is a huge collection of labelled information that's i ir learning model). at's used to build an AI model (e.g., machine ©eee 1) cre eo eee Session 4: Al ETHICS 49 o ae possible reasons of AI bias are : Human bias in decisions; flawed and unbalanced data collection; Under. © Over Tepresentation GF spect feahitess Wrong ateunptions: No prope bies (esting? No bias mitigation (i., reducing the severity of bias), . Eg a : at collection refers to flawed or unbalanced data wth over. or underreresentaton of data related (0 specific features or groups or ethnicity et, inthe final data-ollection. + A given AI model is fair ifthe out religious faith, disabitity, Spliion Time — 1, Name some ethical issues of Al. Ans. Safety, transparen ‘puts are independent of sensitive parameters (e.g., gender, race, sexuality, etc.) for a specific task that is already affected by social discrimination. bias and fairness, accountability 2, Match the following with respect to ethics in A (a) Clear, consistent and understable in its working (i) Auditable (0) Eliminate or reduce the impact of bias (ii) Interpretable (©) Allowing third parties to assess data ‘inputs and provide | (iif) Transparent assurance that data can be trusted (cd) _ Ability to see how results can vary with changing inputs | (i) Far Ans. (a) - (ii); =); (=; (@-(i) 3._List two examples of Human Rights violations of Al. Ans. ( Collecting personal data of people without their knowledge. (ii) Al bias. 4. Name some ethical issues related to : (i) AI setup, (ii) Al actions, (ii) Al impact, (io) AI future. Ans. (Bias and fairness, Accountability, Transparency (i) Safety, Human-Al interaction, Trust, Privacy and control (iii) Automation, Impact over jobs, Auditability and Interpretability (iz) Control of AI over things and people, Human rights, Robot rights 5. What is deepfake 2 ‘Ans. Deepfake is a technology that can generate fake digital photos, sound recordings, and video, which look just as original as possible. 6. What is AI bias ? Give example, ‘Ans. Al bias is an anomaly (irregularity of abnormality) in the result produced through Al based programs and algorithms because of prejudiced (discriminatory) assumptions made during the algorithm development process or prejudices in the training data, eg, a health insurance AI program preferred whites over blacks for extra healthcare services because of an Al bias. 7. What is fairness of an AI model ? Ans. A given Al model is fair if the outputs are independent of sensitive parameters (e.g, gender, race, sexuality, religious faith, disability, etc) for a specific task that is already affected by social discrimination,50 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEX 2 netion ina certal in terms .d unbiased re} 8. What is the role of training data in AL ‘Ans, An Al model or algorithm i data, known as training tunder-represented) and balance of data (com (At model If this training data is biased the this data) will also be biased. Thus, ; is very important thatthe training data used for al balanced and unbiased. of representation (not over. ect an result produced in way using a sample set of hug e presentation) affects the outcome of by the Al model/algorithm (that use n Al model must be complete, correc, 9. Define Al ethics, an techniques that empleY widely accepted sae ‘Ans. Alethics is a set of values, principles atipe development ‘and use of Al technologies, of right and wrong to guide moral conduct 1s not creep in data ? does not creep in oF with data (should be diverse). 10, How would you ensure that the bias doe ‘Ans, One can ensure that the bias x Identifying the correlation of features x Identifying the correlation among Se1S © © srinimising, the impact 0 as to have fait decis}°® Observing biases in human decisions and the data collected. gets minimised by the following steps; Ensuring “balanced” data. Supervised decision-making Regular Bias testing by learin; repeated testing of data and mod r( GLOSSARY Al Bias An anomaly (irregularity of abno algorithms because of prejudiced (discriminatory) assumption process or prejudices in the training data. ‘Al Foirness Assurance of feir outputs of an Al model by minimising the impact and role of sensitive parameters (eg., gender, race, sexuality, religious fath, disabilty, etc.) for tasks and situations prone to social discrimination. Training Data A collection of labelled, annotated information that's used to build an Al model. Pein signer 1. What do you understand by Al ethics ? x xo ig about ification in training data. malty) is the result produced through Al based programs and 's made during the algorithm development (a) Set of principles and techniques to ensure the conduct of AI models fair and right, pet se (©) Restrictions of tasks to be done via Al (0) Embedding control data in Al models (@) None of these 2. Inan AI based model the machine is trained with which helps it in training itself around the aes Nags ato ot te ae “- (a) Machine Leaming : 8) Artif i (0 Training Data a aoe ake f data, while studying the impact of data ang biases and inducing faimess by thorough and6 10. u. 12, 13. 14, 15, 16, 7. 18. Session 4: AL ETHICS 51. —— isa technology that can generate fake digital media looking as original as possible. (a) Deep Learning, (b) Deepfake (c) Fakedeep (d) All of these Al refers to an irregularity/abnormality in the result produced via an Al based program or model because of prejudiced assumptions in data or algori (@) Deepfake (b) Bias (© Fairness (@) Training A given AI model is if the outputs are independent of sensitive parameters (e.g., gender, race, sexuality, religious faith, disability, etc.) for a specific task that is already affected by social discrimination. (a) Biased (© Fair Define AI Ethics, List some ethical (b) Ethical (@) Both (b) and (c) ies related to Al. What is deepfake ? How is deepfake related to Al ethics ? What is AI bias ? Give some examples of AI bias. Discuss the bias in data collection of AL How is training data useful for AI? Why should it be fair ? How would you assure that the data used for an AI model in fair and unbiased ? What are the possible reasons of AL-bias ? Why is diversity of data collection team important for AI? Why is Regular bias testing important for a training data ? Discuss some principles which will make as Al model trusted. Discuss how AI may be used in human rights violations.session 1 ‘exon 2 Sesion 3 Sesion sexton 5 Sesion 6 In This UNIT Introduction to Al Project Cyele Understanding Problem Scoping Simpiitying Data Acquistion Data Exploration with Data Visualisation Moseing Neural Networks FrauaionC2heck Point — 1. Which of the following is not a stage of AI Project Cycle ? @ Project Planning, (b) Project Scoping (©) Data Acquisition (@) Modellingafl Session 1: INTRODUCTION TO Al PROJECT CYCLE 2 involves collecting data from various authentic sources such as reliable websites, observations, surveys, {CBSE 2021-22 (Term 1)) . @bata Acquisition (H) Data Evaluation y (c) Data Testing (d) Data Modelling 3. Evaluation is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI model, based on outputs by feeding test dataset into the model and comparing with actual answers. Therefore, it must be followed by [CBSE 2021-22 (Term 1)] (2) Problem Scoping (b) Data Acquisition (c) Data Exploration @Deployment . 4, Identify the stage of AI Project Cycle - in this stage, business abjectives, expected outcomtes, key resources and success metrics (parameters) for a project are decided. @Problem Scoping (b) Data Acqui () Data Exploration (d) Modelling (©) Evaluation 5. Identify the stage of Al Project Cycle - in this stage, the data required as per the scope and parameters is collected while ensuring its accuracy and reliability (2) Problem Scoping Bata Acqui (6) Data Exploration (@ Modelling (e) Evaluation 6. Identify the stage of Al Project Cycle ~ in this stage, data from multiple sources is collected, cleared and aggregated in suitable format and normalised. (2) Problem Scoping () Data Acquisition (Data Exploration (d) Modelling (e) Evaluation 7. Identify the stage of Al Project Cycle in this stage, the most suitable AI model is chosen after testing and analysing the shortlisted models. (a) Problem Scoping, (b) Data Acquisition (©) Data Exploration OModelling (¢) Evaluation 8. Identify the stage of AI Project Cycle ~ in this stage, the developed model is tested for accuracy, delivering the outcomes, and deployability. (a) Problem Scoping (b) Data Acquisition (©) Data Exploration (@ Modelling @ Evaluation 9. This is not the modelling stage of Al Project Cycle, yet some probable AI models are developed for the project in this stage. Which stage is this ? (a) Problem Scoping @Data Exploration (0) Data Acquisition (d) Evaluation 10. In this stage of AI Project Cycle, AI algorithms are developed around the final Al-model. Which stage is this 2 (a) Data Acquisition (b) Data Exploration @Modelling (d) Evaluation NTs UI So] xe grenzatM. 12, 13. 14. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X Competency Based Questions Coin er Science of your school. Since your school i a fusing the playing with robots (0 all student gy and play. Mr. Gurek S, Randhawa is the new HOD. Compute inclusive school, he wanted to give the exposure o! he gave a 2-wheel drive robot to students to use rae 4 But he noticed that some differently abled stuclents were not able to use a Keyboard Foyt smartphone to control it as they had some problem with motor skills. However, they can move they hands, ‘So, Mr. Randhawa has identified the problem as t gestures to control the 2-wheel drive robot. Which stage of AI Project cycle is Mr. Randhawa in ? @froblem Scoping (b) Data Acquisition (©) Modelling (@) Data Exploration Students really took good interest in Mr. Randhawa’s AI project and now under his guidance, they are ready with 2-3 prototypes of the gesture-controlled robot. Out of these, only one is to be finalised. and then Al algorithms are to be developed. accordingly. Which stage has their AI project reached into ? @Data Acquisition () Data Exploration (©) Modelling (@) Evaluation After their dedicated efforts, Mr. Randhawa and his students are ready with their final product which is to be showcased to the manufactures. Manufactures will test its accuracy and performance before commercially producing it. Which stage has their AI project reached into ? (a) Data Acquisition (b) Data Exploration @ Modelling (@ Evaluation Vijender has to maintain inventory on a daily basis, it usually takes 3-4 hours for a helper to take ‘out raw material, which in turn delays the production cycle and also delays the updation of stock. His manager has identified the problem and looking for a possible solution. This is the task under: (a) Problem Scoping (0) Data Exploration (¢) Data Evaluation (@Neural Network {CBSE 2021-22 (Term 1] replace the keyboard/smartphonefjoystick with < LET US REVISE % An AI project undergoes some phases from its initiation to closure, which together are known as AI Project Cycle. “ The five stages of AI project cycle are : Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modelling, and Evaluation. + In the problem scoping stage, broadly the aim and scope of the project undertaken are decided. In the data acquisition stage, the data are acquired keeping in mind the scope and parameters of the previous stage. ° + In the data exploration stage, the data are explored to choose the possible models and clean ard normalise the data. ° In the modelling stage, the selected models are tested and analysed and the most suitable AF-model is chosen and Al-algorithms are developed around it. % In the evaluation stage, the developed model is actually evalu yrmance using new data so as to determine ifthe developed mode is deployable pan leployable or not. *Session 1 : INTRODUCTION TO Al PROJECT CYCLE 59 ¢ GLOSSARY Al Project Cycle Stages from the initiation till the closure of an Al based project Training Data Data used with Al algorithm to train Testing Data Data used to test the outcomes of a trained Al model acne janment 1, What is an Al project cycle 2 What is the significance of an AI project cycle ? 3. What activities/actions are carried out during the problem scoping stage of AI project cycle ? 4. What activities/actions are cat 5 -d out during the data acquisition stage of AI project cycle ? What activities/actions are carried out during the data exploration stage of Al project cycle ? 6. What activities/actions are carried out during the modelling stage of AI project cycle ? 7. What activities/actions are carried out during the evaluation stage of AI project cycle ?66 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X i Check Point os 10. u. 12. is choosing the and : Theme, Topic (a) Model, Algorithm nd the chosen theme are studied, The first step of AI Project Cycle (a) Topic, Data (©) Data, Model To determine the topic of AI Project, theese gy Problems/sues (a) Data (©) Domains (@ Models The ____ of an AI Project determines its scope: (@) Data (eae! oa (@ Algorithm Which of the following is not done during Problem Scoping ? (a) Identifying the problems and issues (b) Studying and analysing the problems/issues (© Setting a goal (@ Collecting data ‘The 4Ws Problem Canvas helps in identifying the key elements related to the problem. 4Ws Problem canvas is a part of : [CBSE 2021-22 (Term (@froblem Scoping (b) Data Acquisition (© Modelling (@ Evaluation ‘The ____ block of 4Ws Problem Canvas helps in analysing the people getting affected directly or indirectly due to it. [CBSE 2021-22 (Term I) @Who (b) What (c) Where (@ Why Which of these is not a valid ‘W’ of 4Ws canvas tool ? (a) Where (b) What (Q) Who (@ Why While The people who will benefit from the solution developed, are known as (a) Resource persons Stakeholders (c) Developers (d) End users In ______ block of 4Ws Canvas, the evidence is found to prove that this is a real problem and must be solved. @What (0) Why (©) Who (@ Where In ____ block of 4Ws Canvas, the focus is on the context/situation/location of the problem. (a) What (®) Why (0) Who @Where In ___ block of 4Ws Canvas, the benefits of the solution are analysed. Oat OWny (©) Who (@) Where lists and defines a problem by clearly listing its stakeholders, context, situations and benefits OE em ae ®Troblem Statement (.Brobler Date (@ Problem EvidenceSession 2 : UNDERSTANDING PROBLEM SCOPING 67, Competency Based Questions 13. Under the Sashakt Bharat Abhiyan, your state government wants to get deployed Smart Speakers for farmers, These smart speakers will be able to alert the farmers about the climate conditions, any emergency situations such as extreme winds or rains/squalls etc, update farmers about the latest news and policies related to farming. So the government wants to identify the issues that the smart speakers will address. This is being done under stage of AI Project Cycle. (@) Modelling @ Problem Scoping (0) Data Acquisition (a) Data Exploration 14. After shortlisting some problems on which smart speakers will keep you updated, the government Yants {0 Zero upon one of two major farming problems to be addressed via smart speakers. This is for the Smart Speaker Project. (a) Collect Data (b) Develop Model @Set Goal (d) Clean Data Problem Statement 1 Lavanya Industry is developing electricity-based vehicles (EV) for regular commuters, who travel by roads because EVs are a better choice for vehicles. But the problem is that the EVs require recharging afier some kms or hours as batteries le charge. They look to develop a technological solution for charging-on-the go so that batteries never run out of charge. 15, Identify WHO for Problem Statement 1. @yRegular Commuters @yLavanya Industry (9 EVs (a) Technological Solution 16. Consider the problem statement 1 and identify the WHERE component of the problem. (@) Lavanya Industry O@rRoads (0) EVs Parking Station (@) EV Charging station 17. Consider the problem statement 1 and identify the WHY component of the problem. (a) The EVs are better choice as vehicles. (®Charging-on-the go to ensure batteries never run out of charge (c) Batteries require recharging (d) All of these 18. Consider the problem statement 1 and identify the WHAT component of the problem, (@) EVs require recharging (GEVs' batteries lose charge soon and require recharging after every few kms/hours, (©) EVs are alternative energy vehicles, hence require technological solution, (d) All of these. < LET Us REVISE % For your AI project, first decide about a theme and its subtopics. + Then choose a subtopic and list a set of problems in the chosen subtopic, % From the list of chosen problems. Choose one or two problems as the Goal of AI projec. + 4Ws Canvas is a framework to define the problem statement articulately (i.e, effective and clear definition) by finding factors like ‘Who’, What’, Where’/"When’ and ‘Why’.kJ io The WHO canvas lists about the stakeholders for which the solution is to be developed, The WHAT canvas lists what exactly the nature of the problem is. ‘The WHERE/WHEN canvas lists the location and context of the problem. The WHY canvas lists if the reasons are strong enough to find the solution of the problem, A problem statement is a short. clear description in words of the problem listing its stakehotders, ei issue(s), context, and reasons to solve the problem. Sploion Time — 1. What do you know of the Problem Scoping phase of AI Project Cycle ? Ans, Problem Scoping is the initial phase of AI project cycle w/ take place : = problem identifications and issue around it Setting the goal by deciding about the issues to be handled/solved | = Studying the issues to be solved oo oe 68 artiricut INTELUGENCE-X | | | | | here the following things/aciviig What is the purpose of stage Problem Scoping ? Ans. The purpose of the Problem Scoping is that while finalising the aim of the project being designed, the scope of the problem being solved is decided. 3. What is the significance of Goal setting in the Problem Scoping phase ? Ans. In the problem scoping phase, initially the problems around the chosen topic are listed. The goal setting is about choosing the topic to be solved through the AI project being developed. It sets the scope of the project and thereby clearly defines the boundary of the project and tasks to be covered in it. 4. What is a problem statement template and what is its significance ? Ans. The problem statement template gives a clear idea about the basic framework required to achieve the goal by identifying the right problem to solve and to understand it perfectly. It uses 4Ws canvas which is a tool to find out WHAT the problem is, WHERE it arises, WHO get affected withit, and WHY it is a problem. Thus, problem statement template helps us explore a problem from various angles and bring clarity about the problem to be solved. What is 4Ws Problem Canvas ? Explain its sections briefly. Ans. The 4Ws Problem Canvas is the basic template used for defining the scope of a problem being solved. It helps in understanding the problem in clearer way and thus forms a good basis for is solution. Its four sections are : (@) WHO. The “Who” block figures out the people getting affected directly or indirectly due toit i.e, who the ‘stakeholders’ are, Stakeholders are the people who face this problem and would be benefitted with the solution. (®) WHAT. Under the “What” block, the nature of the problem is studied. What exactly is the problem ? Is it really a problem worth solving ? What is the evidence that it is the problem, W! must be addressed ? (© WHERE. Here the focus is on the contextsituation/location of the problem, iv, studying situation and the context of the problem, and the locations where the problem becomes maiot © prominent. - Ww (@) WHY. In the “Why” canvas, the benefits ofthe solution to the stakeholders are analysed a5 the solution will benefit them as wel as the society. wSession 2; UNDERSTANDING PROBLEM SCOPING 69 c GLOSSARY Goal of a Project Desired outcome of a project Problem Scope Combined objectives and requirements needed to complete a project 4Ws Canvas ‘A framework or problem statement template to define a problem statement using Who, What, Where/When and Why of the problem. being considered Problem Statement A short, clear description in words of the problem listing its stakeholders, their issue(s), context, and reasons to solve the problem Assignment —— . What is problem scoping ? . What are the steps taken under problem scoping ? }. What is Goal setting ? How is it done 2 How does Goal setting define the scope of AI project ? How do you set actions around the goal set ? What is 4Ws Canvas ? What is problem statement template ? . What are the components of 4Ws Canvas ? Take an example fable of your choice. Create a 4Ws canvas for it. Does a 4Ws canvas help you understand a problem and its issues to be tackled 2 10. Define problem statement. Peraueone 11. How is 4Ws Canvas useful in preparing a problem statement ? 12. Pick a problem of your choice and fill a problem statement template for it.10. 1. 12, 13, 14. Session 3 : SIMPLIFYING DATA ACQUISITION 77 To build an Al system, you need to source large amounts of data and create datasets for (@) Training () Testing (0) Evaluation FAI of these crucial for the success of any Al project and central to all activities and phases. @Ddata () Training (0) Testing (@ Evaluation Which of the following is not a characteristic of quality data’? (a) Accuracy (b) Relevance (c) Reliability @Siructurefulness The ae ae 2 predefined structure and well-defined relationships among its elements, is called lata, (a) Complete @Structured (©) Unstructured (a) Valid Data not fitting in any specific format and having undefined relationship, is called data. (a) Complete (0) Structured @ Unstructured (A) Valid The type of data, having a name, collected for an AL project is called (a) Relationship @fData Feature (©) Structured Data _(d) Unstructured Data During Data Acquisition feeding previous data into the machine is called __ @ Training Data (b) Predicting Data (c) Testing Data (@) Evaluating Data [CBSE 2021-22 (Term 1] involves collecting data from various authentic sources such as reliable websites, observations, surveys. @Data Acquisition (b) Data Evaluation (©) Data Testing (@ Data Modelling [CBSE 2021-22 (Term 1) In unseen validation data is used to check how well the AI model makes predictions/ decisions, (@) Testing () Training. @fvaluation (@) Deployment In data with known outcomes is used to validate that the AI model can make accurate predictions/decisions. @yTesting (b) Training (0) Evaluation (a) Deployment The ___ data is collected by the users themselves and not sourced from other sources like, the Internet. O/Primary (b) Secondary (c) Structured (d) Unstructured The data is resourced from other sources like, the Intemet and not collected by the users themselves. (a) Primary @Secondary (c) Structured (d) Unstructured is a process of using automated bots to crawl through the internet and extract data. (a) Interviews Web scraping (0) Surveys (d) Sensors help you gather data directly from the mouth of people who reply to some open ended questions. @rTaterviews (b) Web Scraping (c) Surveys (@) Sensors UNMET ao amore78 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X cific topic to coll : fons surrounding 2 specifi lect da standardized questions Pr ards that topic. ta fr A uses a set of viGul people about their opinions, aides, OF PENT 7 re (a) Int b) Web scraping ire oes : i .d to collect data regarding which can be measured thy, The are some electronic devices use ough devices. (@ Surveys Sensors () Web scraping (a) Interviews video data, which of the folloy wing methods of data collection Will be the my To collect images or appropriate? meras (@) Sensors (b) Internet Oa (d) Alll of these Competency Based Questions system that allows the owner of the vehicle to fil, Baced on the input received, the AI system 3 ‘shen the next service is due, what parts ma You have been given a task to develop an AI timely information about the services done. detect what other parameters need service, replacement, and so on. cir need of service is to be collected from various The data related to vehicle parameters and th ae ese ote tr each of Hevfollowing Would be appropriate source(s) of collecting data ? Questionnaire Ointerview Latika has successfully started her start () Sensor (@) Internet t-up that works with many village women and sels the lo handmade products online. Many other websites are also doing the similar business. Latika wants to monitor the prices of their competitor websites regularly. To check the pricing of their competitors products and services, is the best way to collect prices’ data. (a) Questionnaire —_(b) Internet @ Web Scraping (d) Survey Maryam belongs to a family of farmers. To help her family, she wants to develop a device-based Al system that will help in detecting and targeting weeds. When touched over crops, by the shape texture and size, it can detect weeds. This will help to prevent over-application of herbicides and will eventually prevent high levels of toxins in food. For this, what will be the best source of capture data so as to identify weeds from crops ? (a) Internet (6) Web Scraping @Camera (@Sensors ¢ LET US REVISE Quality data has these characteristics : accuracy, relevance, reliability, timeliness, validity att completeness. 4 The data used for AI systems can be structured as well as unstructured data. ‘> The structured data conforms to some predefined data model and has well-defined relationships amend its elements. ¢ The unstructured data does not conform to an isti y pre-existi ionshis De are ing data model and has undefined relati + Data Aquisition refers to processes, methods or systems that are used to collect information related t& certain theme or objective, to document or analyse some phenomenon. + Data must be gathered from reliable sources. ;Session 3 : SIMPLIFYING DATA ACQUISITION 79 Most commonly used data sources are Interview, Survey, Observation, API, Web Scraping, Sensors, Cameras, the Internet, Problem reports etc, An interview refers to a one-on-one conversation between an analyst and the users and clients to find out about the systems, its functions, shortcomings and flaws. % A ssurvey refers to a study of the opinions, responses ete. of a group of stakeholders. The observation method refers to human or mechanical watching, noticing or perceiving of what people actually do or what events take place in a specific working environment. An API refers to Application Programming Interface that works behind a popular software program or game to collect specific type of data pertaining to users’ way of using that program. % Web Scraping refers to a data collection technique using a tool called web scraper that extracts data from websites. % Sensors are mini devices that can collect data about an environment or a body or a specific task. + The method of data collection using Cameras is a way to collect data graphically or in video form about the look, design or action as per the requirements, Solution Time yonvlime 1, What is a dataset ? What is its other name ? Ans. A dataset is a collection of data objects related to a common theme or project. A dataset is also known as a database, 2. What are data features ? Give examples. Ans. A data feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic of a data object being recorded or stored, e.g, colour, mileage and power can be considered as features of a car. 3. Describe the meaning of these data characteristics : Accuracy, Completeness, Reliability, Relevance, and Timeliness. Ans. Characteristic How it’s measured | Accuracy Is the information correct in every detail ? | Completeness. How comprehensive is the information 2 Reliability Does the information contradict other trusted resources 2 | Relevance Do you really need this information 2 | Timeliness How up-to-date is the information ? 4, What is Data Acquisition ? | Ans. Data Acquisition refers to processes, methods or systems that are used to collect information related to a certain theme or objective, to document or analyse some phenomenon. 5. List some commonly used sources of data collection: ‘Ans, Most commonly used data sources are Interview, Survey, Observation, API, Web Scraping, Sensors, Canteras, the Internet, Problem reports etc 6. List some examples of situations where these data sources would be the most suitable : ( Sensors (ii) Cameras (ii) Interview (iv) Problem Reports _(v) Survey LNT LEU Co] Soames (ol80 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X Ans. () For situations where environmental or human body parameters are to be measured sug temperature of furnace, lve of tank, body tempernture of humans, blood pressure or heart -eage of humans, and so on. (id For situations where images or video inputs are required to register data such as tag, violations, correctness of design of a product etc. (ii) For situations where personal knowledge or information or experience of stakeholders ay equired such as taste of a food item or experience after using an adventure sport etc, (ie) For situations where authentic problems are to be registered such as the problems in electronic gadgets or for cause of diseases in human body etc. (2) For situations where responses for set of questions are required from stakeholders such ag before installing a fountain in local park of a resident colony, a survey may be conducted among its residents to know about their choices. < GLOssARY Dataset A collection of data objects related to a common situation, theme or topic Database A data set Data Feature An individual measurable property or characteristic of a data object being recorded or stored Web Scraping A data collection technique using a tool that extracts data from websites Data Acquisition Processes, methods or systems used to collect information related a theme or objective Survey A study of the opinions, responses, etc. of a group of stakeholders Interview A one-on-one conversation between an analyst and the users and clients to find out about the systems, its functions, shortcomings and flaws Structured Data Data having a predefined structure and well-defined relationships among its elements Unstructured Data Data without a structure and undefined relationships among its elements Cf ssignment — How do you determine data features for your data ? What are the qualities of data ? How do you choose sources of data? What is Data Acquisition ? Why is it important ? Why should data be acquired from reliable sources 2 List some most commonly used data sources. Discuss briefly about the following methods of data collection : (a) Interview (H) Survey (©) Observation (@ Arr (©) Web scraping (f) Sensors (g) Cameras (H) The Internet —_ (i) Problem reports 8, Give examples of situations where the following way of collecting data would be the most suitable: (@) Interview (b) Survey (c) Observation (a) APT (©) Web scraping (f Sensors (g) Cameras () The Internet__() Problem reports NOB RODE 9. Why should the Internet be avoided as a data collection source ? 10. What must be ensured before taking down data from the Internet ? 11, List some government sites that can be used for data collection.Session 4 : DATA EXPLORATION WITH DATA VISUALISATION 89 Check Point event 1, Data Visualisation is carried out during phase of AI project cycle. (a Data Acquisition Data Exploration (©) Modelling (d@) Problem Scoping 2. Data Visualisation cannot happen before the ____ phase of AI project cycle is over. @DVata Acquisition (b) Data Exploration (©) Modelling (d) Problem Scoping 3. Data visualization tools provide an accessible way to see and understand ___ in data. (a) trends (b) outliers (c) patterns (@YAll of these 4, ___ are visual methods of displaying data. (a) Tables (0) Data sets Charts (@fHistogram 5. What are the common types of data visualization 2 (a) Charts (&) Word Cloud (c) Heat Map (@FAL of these 6. Data can be visualized using ‘ (a) graphs. (®) charts (o) maps. @FAll of these 7. What are specific examples of methods to visualize data ? (a) Bubble Chart (b) Pie Chart (©) Scatter Map @FAII of these 8. The importance of data visualization is (2) Leading the target audience to focus on business insights to discover areas that require attention (0) Revealing previously unnoticed key points about the data sources to help decision makers compose data analysis reports (0 Helping decision makers understand how the business data is being interpreted to determine business decisions @All of these 9. What are the benefits of data visualization ? (@) Better analysis, (H) Identifying patterns (0) Exploring business insights @AII of these 10. The ___ is a commonly used term referred for a value that appears far away and diverges from an overall pattern in a sample. (@) Data (b) Feature (0) Plotted value @ Outlier 1, A ___is a chart used to plot a correlation between two or more variables, (@) Bar chart OrScatter plot (0) Pie chart (@ Bubble chart 12 To show “relationship” between variables, ___ are used. | (0) Bar charts (0) Scatter plots (0) Pie charts @Bubble charts 13. For what type of data visualisation are histograms usually used for ? @Continuous Data (#) Random Data (©) Redundant Data (@ Missing Data M4. ___is a map that represents data through different shades of colours. leat map (0) Choropleth (©) Bar graph (d) All of these UNIT IL: Al PROJECT Cycte16, V7 18, 19. 20. 21. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X Competency Based | Questions eee ee the data of vaceinati following is the best w drive is to be updated During the tough pandemic time, ay ood vacate Shon regularly for each state and UT. Which of the M data 4 multiple states simultaneously? ee Fa uicene (a) Line Chart (b) Scatter Chart Government of India has to release its di Which of the following is the best way to (a) Pie Graph (b) Scatter Chart (@bar Chart make a presentation about increasn During the Population control summit, you have to ee popilltion of the World, density of people and its impact on natural resou™S © UY Pai present the world population showing each country’s population along with their clensity ? (a) Pie Chart @yHeat Map (0) Bar Chart (d) Bubble Chart Pluto Company's new manager wants to see how the prices of the most selling item! have evolved past ten years. Which of the following is the best way to present this data visually ? @Line Chart (b) Scatter Chart (c) Bar Chart (a) Pie Chart Making a film or drama having multiple main characters puts q team. The team has to ensure that all the main characters get balanced screen time and nearly equal share of dialogues. To ensure this, many production teams use some data visualisation chars tg ensure that the main characters get equal share and representation. For instance, the makers of popular sitcom ‘FRIENDS’ used data visualisation chart during shooting to ensure that every si characters have an equal number of jokes and dialogues. Which chart could it be to depict the share of dialogues for each of the main six characters ? @Pie Chart (b) Line Chart (0) Bar Chart Global warming has become a major issue of concern and governments of all countries are seriously working towards it, In the global warming conference, as a student participant, you have to present the global surface temperatures data given to you in the form of a chart/graph. Your graph/chart should track global surface temperatures from 1880 to the 2020s. Which chart type would you pick to show the trend of global surface temperatures? @Line Chart (b) Histogram (©) Bar Chart (@ Pie Chart In the national wellness meet, you have to represent happiness score of each state visually in such a way 50 that just by looking at the data, its size is able to tell which state is happier than others Which of the following would be the best way to show this ? (a) Line Chart @Katter Chart (0 Bar Chart (@) Pie Chart ‘After representing the budget in the parliament, the government has released a chart/graph where the percentage share of the budget allocated is shown for different parameters such as military, education, agriculture, women and child development, health & family welfare and so forth. Which chart type could it be ? (@) Line Chart (b) Scatter Chart (c) Bar Chart (Pie Chart mount spent on Education in past 5 ye, mn, lata about yearly a fe present this data visual (a) Bubble Chart an added pressure on the production (@ Bubble Chart C Let Us REVISE 4 Data Exploration is the phase of exploring data with an intention of understanding the nature of data. 4 Data visualisation refers to the process of representing data visually or graphically, by using visual elements like charts, graphs, diagrams and maps ete.a Session 4 : DATA EXPLORATION WITH DATA VISUAUSATION 94 © * Data visualisation is important and useful for understanding the information stored in data And (scatter) chart either shows the relationships among the numeric values in several data series oF Plots two groups of numbers as one series of XY coordinates, % Abubble chart is primarity used to depict and show relationships between numeric variables with marker size as additional di mension. Bigger marker means bigger value. + Aline chart shows trends in data at I" equal intervals. Line charts are useful for depicting the change in a value over a period of time, ‘ple chart shows the proportional sizeof tems that make up a single data series tothe sum ofthe items. A bar chart illustrates comparisons among individual items, mainly of number types. % Ahistogram is used to summarize discrete or continuous data by showing the number of data points that fall within a specified range of vatues (cated “bins”) + Choropleth maps are used with statistical data (numeric, processed data) attached to enumeration units (textual data e.g., counties, Provinces, states etc.) to depict data for geographic regions, Aheat map is a graphic representation of data in which values are represented by colours. % ATimeline Chart shows a series of events in chronological order. Anode-link diagram shows how things are interconnected through the use of nodes/vertces and link lines {0 represent their connections, and the type of relationships between a group of entities. + The word cloud data visualisation technique represents the frequency of a word within a body of text with its relative size in the cloud. Splution Time Boning i, What is Data exploration in AI project cycle ? Ans. The phase of data exploration follows the Data acquisition phase and in this phase the data is explored and analysed using various techniques to describe dataset characterizations, to better understand the nature of the data by showing the trends and patterns in data, What are the techniques used in Data exploration phase ? Ans. There are many techniques used during data exploration, most common of which are Data visualisation and statistical techniques, Name some Data visualisation software. Ans, Some commonly used data visualisation software are : MS Excel, Google Charts, Tableau, Data wrapper, Infogram, IBM Watson ete. What is the need of data visualisation ? Ans, Data visualisation is important and useful for understanding and comprehending the information stored in data. It becomes easier to see the trends, relationships and trends of data through data visualisation. Data visualisation is also useful for combining categories of data and thereby reducing data for processing. ‘Mention some popular Data visualisation techniques. Ans. () Bubble chart (i) Scatter graph (ii) Line chart (io) Bar graph (®) Histogram (vi) Pie chart (vii) Choropleth (iit) Heat map (ix) Timeline (8) Node link diagram (xi) Word cloud Le Le Uomo92 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-X 7 < GLOSSARY Data Exploration The phase (Following the Data Acquisition phase) for exploring data with an intention gy understanding the nature of data Data Visualisation The process of representing data visually or graphically, by using visual elements jj,g charts, graphs, diagrams and maps etc. Outliers Data points that differ significantly from other observations Cesignment — « What is Data Exploration ? . What is the importance of Data exploration phase ? What are the methods/techniques used during Data exploration phase ? What is the need for Data visualisation ? . Name some data visualisation techniques used for depicting statistical data. Name some data visualisation techniques used for depicting numerical data. Name some data visualisation techniques used for depicting textual data. Name a data visualisation technique used that uses colours for plotting values. Name a data visualisation technique used to depict chronological order of events. 1 2. 3. 4. What is Data visualisation ? 5. 6, 7. 10. 11. Name a data visualisation technique that depicts the relationships of data among a network. 12, Name a data visualisation technique that can only be used for : (a) textual data (b) numeric data (0 statistical data 13. Briefly discuss the use of data visualisation techniques listed below : ( Bubble chart (ii) Scatter graph (iii) Line chart (iv) Bar graph (vii) Choropleth (viii) Heat map (vi) Pie chart (0) Histogram (x) Node link diagram (ix) Timeline (xi) Word cloud 14. Name some popular Data visualisation tools.' priFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 110 A ff ‘A Coneck Point . rule based learin approach (W) Clustering 1, Which of the following 5 @ (a) Dimensionality reduction (a) Classification (0) Regression aire (0) All of these of oe 2, Which of the following '5 ° learning based Te (a) Classification Be cy sein Ones () None of these (QAI of these ates E : jrine learnin SeNie es Me (0) Unsupervised Learning (0) Sorta eee (@ Reinforcement Learning co smi eae of these ; ing the algorithms havin, 4, In___systems, the Al models are developed using the alg: 8 Predefined days paiterns and relationships. z (a) learning based @yfule base (0) all of these (0) robotics 5, The systems are not largely scalable @tule based (a) learning based (0 robotics (a) all of these ire fully labelled training dataset. (b) unsupervised learning (@ reinforcement learning 6, The ___ systems requ (@Gupervised leaming (0) semi-supervised learning th unlabelled training dataset. @insupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning 7, The ____ systems can work wil (@ supervised learning (0) semi-supervised learning systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset. 5 Theanine (a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (6emi-supervised learning (@) reinforcement learning 9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeal interaction and training. (@) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (0) semi-supervised learning (@einforcement learning 10. Which of the following are a ty, is rpe of supervised @Classification P 5 ae gas proaches? @Resresion HSceene (@) Dimensionality reduction 11. Which of the followin, ig are a type of 5 A ry cee type of unsupervised learning approaches ? (0) Regression lustering @PDimensionality reduction a12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 20, 21, WW. 18. 19. Session § : MODELING 111 ‘The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data (@) continuous Fe poeeeadatal () mix of continuous and discrete data 4 The Regression bi @eontinuous (0) mix of continuous and discrete data continuous/discrete (d) none of these ased supervised leaming systems work on data. (#) non-continuous/discrete (d) none of these based st i The asec Supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training. @ Classification n OR (b) Clustering (@) Dimensionality reduction The _____ based supervised learn, systems can find ionshi en two or more variables on the basis of its training. ou eerie (@ Classification (©) Clustering @Regression (a) Dimensionality reduction The ___ based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of their similarities or differences. (a) Classification OyClustering (0) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction —— is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of information from a data set. (a) Classification (¥) Dimensionality reduction (0) Association (@Unsupervised learning The goal of clustering a set of data is to (@) choose the best data from the set @Fdivide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics (0) reduce the number of input variables _(d) predict the class of data The _____ based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (Ge, complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data. (@ Classification (&) Clustering (c) Regression @yDimensionality reduction Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on _. (@) Unsupervised learning (#) Supervised learning @Award based learning (d) None of these Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning ? (@) Topic modelling Recommendation system (@Self-driving cars (@) Image classification Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning ? (@ Topic modelling (#) Recommendation system @Pattern recognition (d) Image classification Which of the following is an application of supervised leaming ? (@) Topic modelling, (6) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition @rtmage classification Nim eae VIC eae raly 112 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-* reinforcement learning ? 24. Which of the following is true abou according to the action (a) The agent gets rewards or penalty (@) It’s an online learning (0) The target of an agent is to maximiz @YAII of the above 25, Drawback/s of Rule-based approach is/are : e the rewards [CBSE D 2021-22 Cermay () The learning is static. (i) Any changes made to the original data wi (iit) Once trained, the model cannot improvise on @VAIL of the above statements are correct (0) Statements (i) and (ii) are correct (6) Statements (ji) and (ii) are correct (@ Statements (i) and (ii) are correct ill not be considered. the basis of feedback. which results in dynamicity of a model. 26, In _____, design is adaptive to change in data, @ Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach (©) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling (CBSE D 2021-22 (Term-1y 27, ___isnota Learning based Approach where Al model ges trained on the data fed to it and then is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data. (b) Unsupervised Learning (a) Supervised Learning (@ Enforcement Learning. (CBSE D 2021-22 (Term-1) () Reinforcement Learning 28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one. (a) Rule based and Learning based (b) Classification and Clustering @ Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction (@) Classification and Regression [CBSE D 2021-22 (Term-1)} 29, is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according to labels and data need not be continuous. [CBSE D 2021-22 (Term-1)] (a) Regression @Eiassification (© Clustering (@ Dimensionality reduction 30, Classification and Regression are and approach followed is (Supervised, Learning (¥) Unsupervised, Learning (0) Reinforcement, Learning (@ Supervised, Rule based [CBSE D 21-22 (Term-1)] 31. refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data according to the patterns or trends identified out of it. [CBSE D 2021-22 (Term-1)] (@ Regression (©) Classification Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction Competency based Questions 32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news (India). The news engines are based on based systems. (2) supervised learning (ule based (/ansupervised learning (@ reinforcement learningSession 5: MODELING 113 3. learning provides essential classification and segmentation, accurately while having () Supervised leaming (©) Unsupervised learning ae to medical imaging devices, such as image detection, wc in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and ane e Ye for new pattern discoveries, (b) Rule based (@) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (Rule based @Reinforcement learning 35. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through algorithm, S "iT What is the temperature ‘going to be tomorrow. Prediction Fahrenheit FH wah ww Dw wOR w Wim termini maT =e (@ Regression (b) Classification (0) Clustering (@) Dimensionality reduction 36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through ___ algorithm. cd Wil it be Cold or Hot tomorrow ? Pradicion Fahrenhelt ES EST ee oh as wien wm wim (@) Regression @ Classification (0) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction 37. 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Name different types of learning bused moves Ans, Different type of learning based models are J models () Supervised Learning bas (i) Unsupervised Learning based models (iii) Reinforcement Learning models | ning models ? ‘an Al model is ereated using labelled training, data that consists of Based om the training data the model learns to produce an outpy., The supervision comes in the form ‘of feedback based on the actual output it produces, so that the model can adjus its algorithm and learning incase the produced output does not match the ex output. After training, this model is given new observations as test data to produce an output thay ideally responds correctly. 4. What are supervised le ‘Ans. In supervised learning, input data and expected output. 5, Name the too supervised learning techniques used by the AT models 7 ‘Ans. Classification and Regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by Al modela, 6. What are unsupervised learning models ? ‘Ans. In Unsupervised Learning, the machine uses unlabelled training data (where you only haye input data and no corresponding output) and learns on itself without any supervision. The machine tries to find a patter in the unlabelled data and gives a response. ‘These are called unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no inswers and there is no teacher, Algorithms are Jeft to their own devises to discover and. 4 correct ai present the interesting structure in the data. 7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models. ‘Ans. Clustering, Dimensionaity Reduction and. Association are some unsupervised learning, based techniques used by AI models 8. What are Reinforcement Learning models ? ‘Ans, Reinforcement Learning (RL) refers to an Al learning approach that trains algorithms usinga system of reward and penalty. The learning system (called agent) learns in an interactive environment where the agent iteratively selects and performs actions and receives rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing incorrectly, 9. What the main components a Reinforcement Learning (RL) system ? ‘Ans. The main elements of an RL system are : (i The agent or the learner (i) The environment the agent interacts with (iii) The policy that the agent follows to take actions (iv) The reward signal that the agent observes upon taking actions 10, Name two Reinforcement Learning techniques. ‘Ans. Broadly there are two types of Reinforcement Learning : Positive Reinforcement Learning Negative Reinforcement Learning. 11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming. How does it work, for example, in video games ? ‘Ans. Reinforcement learning is data-hungry. That is why it works really well in video games because one can play the game again and again and again, so getting lots of data seems feasible- ond