SOCIAL CHANGE o- we the relationship b p between social change and cultural change in a (TU-BBA-2011/ 2018 ‘Make up| is the alteration of mechanisms within a ce by changes in cultural symbols, rules ot 'S. OF value systems, Social change refers speciic tations in social relationships among, peopl whereas cultural change refers to change fn mater fed pac ace cultural elements both. oe Social change, in sociology, the social structure, character of behavior, tivo examples to show that social change is relative to cultural (TU-BBA-2015] Social change refers specifically to alterations in social relationships among people in groups whereas cilitural change refers to change in material and non-material cultura] elements both. For example: * Print capitalism and technology brings number of changes. = Changes in norms, values, beliefs due to cultural diffusion and socialization process. _ ee of social change. [TU-BBA-2012/ 2013/2014] Social change can be defined as the qualitative ane quantitative change of several influencing factors I is the in the social relationship because, traditional norms, values, ideologies, change in social structure, system, < chnology and, social usages: The factors of social practices, beliefs,” te change are! * Biological factor + Physical 6r geographical factor® * Technological factors Cultural factors Political factors * Educational factors : + Demographic-factors100 Soctotogy For Rusinoss [HBA 5 Semester, TUL AS How do polit eal factors play significant rote for social change? eee ‘The significances of political factors in social change are: * Conili - © * Political agencies help in drafting the rules and regulations of, Cyclic state that aims to bring the legal norms in line with existing E Fs » norms, wirat is cul 2 "Charismatic leadership, visionary politician, demo cultural 4 »* government, good governance and the active participation another. = citizen in decision making assist for quantitative (infras ociety to | development) and qualitative (happiness and fre ansportal *.¢€ transformation in society, Fe typ * 5. How do technological factors play significant role for social change? "stimulus d - . ‘The significance of technological factors in social change are: * 4, What are t a Effects of technology on family lifer ‘The assum e asst 7 > * _. Ithas led to the disintegration of joint family system. # all y a = v . "The sizes of families has.been reduced because of the invention of . various means of birth control ie, contraceptives. elt Exfects of technology on social life: ia Ne: + Ithas led to the decline of community life, 3 eo + Ithas narrowed the gap of caste system, aes 6. How do conflict theorists explain social change? Write in a sentence. H. What is = Conflict theory emphasizes the role of coercion and power in producing social order. Karl Marx saw society as fragmented into groups that compete for social and economic resources, Social order is maintained by business ®& The veloc ‘ - adjust w domination, with power in the hands of those with the greatest political, lee economic, and social resources, When consensus exits, it is attributable to th ay people being united around common interests, often in opposition to e time other groups. dynamic 7. How technology affects economic life? Technology affects the economic life in following ways: + New type of economic organizations such as factories an industries, agencies, banks etc, have become common globally. * Technology has given birth to capitalism.and its attendant evils, = Ithas also caused economic depression, unemployment, industrial disputes, accidents and diseases. 8 What is the theoretical lens for social change? vs The various theoretical lenses for social change are:Evolutionary perspective Diffusionisan + Fanctionalism perspective © Conflict perspective + Clic theory What is cultural diffusions a Mention Ain, Quitural diffusion is ay a ee ta cultural i the transmission rs ct toanother, It is the proc cultural traits from Sedo exciety to developing soci "ad Of cultural ee , 5 Society through el ‘ralts from developed Seen i : ; one; Mass-media, print capitalism ang es tke Means of Ge? The types of cultural + and the social Beare diffusion are Fence, stimulus diffusion, and relocation diffusion, expansion diffusion, gn, What are the assumptions of functionalist approach to soci, » Theassumptions of functionalist approach tosecig Re : to Social change are: on af . members accept their roles + _ All members accept the moral values of their society. * _ The complex processes: of socialization, education, and sanctions ensure that social order is achieved. | + “Social facts’ can be studied as’ objective facts’ or ‘social laws’ | 11 What is the relevance of social change literature to management and business administration? ity of change is very fast in the twenty first century. In order to adjust with the changing world the management and administration should change its objectives and working procedures in accordance with al to the time and space. The administration should be adaptive, responsive, to dynamic and democratic in adopting the new inventions and approaches for the growth of an organization, Answer Questions [5 Mark ee ce > How does cultural change help is bringing abou : 12, What is social change? How does cultura ee ee and quantitative change qualitative ange several influencing, factors. Its the ® Social change’ can be defined as the values, ideologies, in the social relationship because of ystem, tr d social usages ses occur cl ves embarrasses tural changes oe vcience, technology, Philos2P! Jes of social organization: rules of 6 ‘aditional norms, change in social structure, Practices, beliefs, technology ring in any branch hy etc. as well as ng, art, changes in the forms and F102 Sociol for vss (BBA 8” Semester, TU) Sources of Cultural Change are: Discovery: Discovery is @ new that already exists. Invention: Invention is: the co Jnnowledge to produce something Diffusion: Diffusion is the spread to another group. : . siataee ‘Acculturation occurs when the prey be changes but is still able to retain unique! cultural mar language, food and customs. 4 . aati tis the process of combination of two cultures in ‘one culture with comprising cultural traits. We cannot deny that changes and variations in culture inevitably influence ¢ocial relationships. Changes in the cultural aspects such a knowledge, beliefs, narms, values, laws etc. are accompanied by change. Culture gives speed and direction to social change determines the limits beyond which social changes cannot oc ‘According to Weber, an economic phenomenon is dependent upo culture, especially religion. He states that there is a direct relati between the religious ethics and the economic system of any society. perception of ani aspect of bination or new use of exist that did not exist before. ling of cultural traits from g The most important aspect of Protestantism was the attitude tow: work, which Weber believed was the main cause for the rise capitalism. Unlike Catholicism, which considered work as a burden, punishment, a reminder of the original sin, Protestantism believed in the importance of work and considered it to be a ‘calling’ that would pave the way. to heaven, Catholics considered the collection of interest 0 Joans as a sin, but Calvinism changed this attitude. They lent money at high interest rates, Catholics encouraged holidays, and believed that on these days more time could be spent on religious observances and | Prayers, Protestants discouraged holidays, since all such days could be utilized to work. All these ideas" were responsible for increased Production of economic goods, Protestantism emphasized on hard work: thrift and savings, These in turn Jed to the growth of capitalism, which brought about tremendous economic development in Europe. Sociologists opine that social attitudes and norms are important aspects of economic development and change. Itis said that the countries of Asi and Africa are economically Jess developed because of their differen attitude towards material success and material well-being. In order have economic success, there should be interest in material well-b jabits, novelty, SP enco arage 19, How does $ducation that the 0 educatior Jower is t ‘The spe Ed inc+ Education makes an individual more amenable fo change ie. an st in complicated te “4 techni Mesire to.take gover ue and eee nee ne ky , stMents, Hhnovern eo. to thought of only. pe, nnovay want eople tak ons ane at 8 ake jes including ake xh) im isks in, conntri ing Nepal, India, 8, KS, Which ts tegen ca jn Aftica. Bangladesh gag, M8 I devel Ste, in As al vs, cultural values: and helieg pringing about a social chay ‘ange or 4 € Orin esting 'Y an important tole in and. ¢ it Cultural fac : » aspliation Taam Tesiet aust cevourage change anc develope sath AM the sie ge, which ent, ire to progress will pabits. customs, traditions novelty; spinit of adventure, How does education helps in bringing aly ging about S0chal change? Explain [TU-BBA-2010) ge. It has been observed : ity, the higher i me er is the rate of ‘aia : ly, the le loped Iower is the level of elucetion or leracy The LoS 2 aie = re can be various factors for Education is one of the factors for that the more economically devel Social chan, education or literacy th loped a soci = The more educated an indivi n individual, the mor specializations and his earning capacity. a * — Education brings about a change in the attitudes and outlook of individuals, a educated individual will accept change more easily than an uneducated ones. ings about a change in the behavior of society Education bri Jogie and rationality Education leads to the scientific temperament, «the dependence of individuals on religion, xd modes of thinking ining economic and social Education decrease: superstitious beliefs outdate: Education is an important means of af tewards of society: status of women by familiarizing them independent. as improved thi ing them economically Education ha aki about their rights and ™ an important factor" population cont rol Education is position Educations acts a 4 nic, social in political chan} gateway toa improved social and political awareness Teincreases econo” ges: Education can bring104 Seciotog for since IBBA 5” Semerter, TUT 14. Explain the factors of social change with suttable examples. [TU-BBA-2007/2 qualitative and quantitative ‘Social be defined as the cee volatonehip because of several influencing factors. tig change in social structure, system, traditional tee hai ideolo, practices, beliefs, technology and social usages. igs the num we changes, The factors of social change are: * Biological factor it a * Physical or geographical factors and ¢ + Technological factors - Any Ree = Cultural factors classes. * Political factors AN = + Educational factors a ; + Demographic factors chang * Biological factors: The biological factors of social change includ the natural calamities that occur ozone layer depletion is biological factors leading to a change is global warming. Demographic factors: Demographic factors include the population growth, density, migration, fertility rate ete. that has resulted ta change in consumption pattern and outburst of organization, Conflict theo social stabilit state of chat incremental, Functic change + Socio-cultural factors: Such factors include the diffused cul disrup and social values that are replacing old culture and integre Diffusionists believe that Coci-Cola culture, consumption culture accept have evolved as a result of socio culture factors of cha sen technological. a a 4 arin * Technological Factors: Due to the technological advances, our ile Hive style is changing, large industries are evolving, “completion is) a5 emerging etc, ae 7 Jalaty ee Stage law and legislation: A ban of plastic bag replaced plastic” a pass with jute bags in the market, So, laws and legislation help i Be, Feel bringing changes in society. devel In conclusion, we can say that there are several factors affecting social tg change. Social change can be of constructive or destructive in nature. heter "Diff 15. Critically examine the social change with theoretical lens and relate past with Nepalese context, s mae i ' ‘ trade % Social change can be defined as the qualitative and quantitative’ change We in the social relationship because of several influencing factors, It aade on to * Evolutionary Persp qhange in Social structure, sy SoietChame 105 ractices, Dolict4 technology wey, lteng Norns, value, theoretical lens is; ORY ane wc 8. The or ~ ; agen, Tee te, ecole, ONE Nesta chanign wits Conflict Perspective: Conflict lict theo worists fol low svotutionary change, C onic Act theo the Marxist st patern of fesult of cOnfliCE bet es vi ween tw few social, ecamptions of cont © op Guige is assump flict approach, ba iebayl Geer —— change are he maior + Itassumes that change is contin a) It believes th. NOUS ase t that change pr conflicts contin and conflict be Odttees neve interést groupi Sroupings and a + Any particular change furtherchangs igi ace BE Fepresents th classes. Ne SUCCESS of victories group anane these produces = Alll societies chan; hange continuow qualitative as well quant ween change differently. change can be titative different theories he ee q Conflict theory has ae been criticized for its focus on change and — ome critics acknowledge that societies are in ea sate of change, but point out that much ina constant a of incremental, not revolutionary. a « — Functionalism/Equilibrium perspective: Functionalists accept change as a constant which dées not need to be explained. Changes disrupt the equilibrium of the society until the change las been integrated into the culture. Changes hich prove 19 bbe useful are accepted and those which are ciystunctional are rejected I also hes certain limitations. It only attempts {9 explain institutional change. velatively placid and undisturbed 19208 and 1950s, the balanced system that integrated mtent consistent with During the ow of society, a5 @ sg wes toa large © ibility. at society evolves and sway. It assumes tionalist vie necessary change quickly lost = It believes: a progressive from fun small bu The theory the tirr ctive: nd gradually 0” le to complex, Ikiformity develops slowly 4 n homogeneity to nges from simpl that society chan heterogeneity, fom uniformity 10 m4 : g oa | traits are om! sinated in specific historical Bey rrustonism: CU a ae te i dic time and #PA then’ gradually tar ae periodic time 40° © Fe spat ae reas throught Trigration, aS Tipe sarer ad other Sooo political : ane s jn our society that made our trade links, pr Westen culture HARIEEE 2 original c ulture chang ta ge ™ a 444 EO ~ je= 106 Socolag for fastens (BOA 8% Seer, TUT 16. Define social change. What are the major features of social change? the rige and fall of civilize these patterns of growth Cyclic theory of social change focuses on attempting to discover and account for decay. Nepal is being changed rapidly: republican state ih the field of pol We have embarked from monarchism jg Jitics, New constitution has come th the sentiments of federalism. Similarly, couples of a oe the field of religion a3 it was Hindu kingdom an rece saccular by constitution. Provision of inclusion, malti local Le. a power and resources are certain changes came in our one sexirpoitil forces and intemal neds and situations made te Sf change. Migration, influence of mass media, migration, educationg awareness, internal problems, vivid interest groups and their actis are the triggering factors for change. According to Kingsley Davis, by social change, it is meant only changes as occur in a social organization, that is, structure and fu of a society. ‘The major features of social change are: Social change is the continuous and ongoing process. Every sociely undergoes some form of social change. It has no limitation of tin and space. Social change is the universal phenomenon seen in all types of societies, Social change is immanent, it will take place irrespective of the conditions, situations, places; in different contexts, groups. communities, societies; whether one accepts change or not. Social change takes place within a geographical, physical and | socio-cultural environment. It occurs within a social environment and a space and context (Society), It results in some difference of modification in different aspects of social lite, It is the people who bring change and they are also affected by it and therefore change is called social in nature The pace of social change is never uniform; it affects different factors or aspects at different times and different ways. The pace of change differs with time- in ancient times, the pace of change was gradual and very slow; it started gaining momentum in the Middle Ages and gathered speed; and in modem times, iti rapid. Itis difficult to predict the form, pace and direction of change, ampact OF tech jal chang cociety, often factors alfec snysical fore knowledge ¢ Social char technologie: ‘Advancem« means of systems, ini other scien world into world cue industries, operated | social effe sports, lit classes ar mediated Thus, tec The imp: and neg. Positive Be Tg yo ra Pe eXay Social change is cot eetlon, ‘Sorta cha . is collective chy VU cat Oe a anel thought processes ofa janet iets me Progrens some change may an wsiors tits a a ‘ hange may. bring ia ber of i Na it spects of change vou ool aspects of change may take a joy Immediate resitis iy enw can say that change'e anseaen whereas other Nh atea cha react oe ee generate a chal reaction affecting a ee And immanent: Chany <3 technology as a pri s Bae xt n | he r a a8 a principle factor of ae oe rad pact of toclonology on Nepales of social ch epalese yo lange. I Atioy gocial change is the chang nh Sia > : Be in social tiy . often usec el : Vitig society often used interchangeably with cults) gen coat mans of 8 fons affecting or having bociel ckdueelag ak ee em : change scl piysical forces, inventions, disccven ee ee Such jnowledge ete. » educational based explosion of a Social change occurs due to s several fact technological factor plays the rol Sa een ae y le of key factor in social chans Advancement in science and technology devel So a sJopment in print capitalism al means of transportation facilities, advancement in communication vida systems, industrial Gevelopment, advancement in audio-video forms and other scientific inventorial made the world cleser and macte our greater a world into small global village, (Changes are constantan this modernized and nent e oF y it ent 2 of um ti6 Change in general assumes aq 18 A dite world duc to technological factors as well) trade, commerce, business ‘ism and other economic activities are chines. These inventions hare innumerable fiold of education, entertainment, polities, games and 4 entire cultural production, The divine Osten een changed over a period of time uiture, | tour industrie: operated with the help of mai agric social effects in the sports, literature ani of productions has lasses and mode mediated through technolosy a crucial role 0} Nepalese chnolog s was a key factor in social change Thus, technology play ee Th and negative ogy on youth and culture is impact of tech ness among the Positive impact in the world. brings aware + Technologic: matter i promoting OOF sion of job hy differen accuracy 7 ™ * Prov culture throug! cork as machines have been jency works é Increases ¢! introduced to d°sane, 4b a eee +* 1a Seve for Bete A 8 Sonn hhas been easy TohenSe OF ideas, thoughts, culture and tradition I due to technological factors a Actanced teaching and leatning methods through which youths are well-trained and quatfied Negative impact culture mediate Decline in moral values due to influence of other culture mediated through technological factors Youths are attracte Nepal 4 towards foreign countries and migrating from I which results in loss of skilled manpower. Q 2. A, perspe perspecti® society OF way of lo Mention Post mo under\ are ind and re The k