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Full Procedure Salt Analysis

you will find all tests needed for salt analysis in short notes format

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Mueez Ahmed
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49 views

Full Procedure Salt Analysis

you will find all tests needed for salt analysis in short notes format

Uploaded by

Mueez Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SALT ANALYSIS

AIM:
To identify the cation and anion in the given inorganic salt.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SALT:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Colour of the salt is noted Colourless Absence of Co3+, Fe2+, Fe3+,
Ni2+ etc
2 Odour of the salt is noted Ammoniacal smell NH4+ may be present
Vinegar like smell CH3COO- may be present

3 Deliquescence Salt absorbs moisture Presence of Zn2+ or Mg2+


and become paste like.

PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS

TESTS FOR ANIONS:


Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Dil.H2SO4 test: Brisk effervescence due Presence of CO32-
To the salt add dil. H2SO4 to evolution of CO2
in a test tube.

2 Conc. H2SO4 test:


Add a few drops of Conc. White fumes Cl- may be present
H2SO4

Brown fumes Br – may be present


3 Conc. H2SO4 test: Reddish brown fumes NO3- may be present
Add a few drops of Conc.
H2SO4 and add Cu turnings
and heated
4 KMnO4 test: Pink colour of KMnO4 C2O42- may be present
Add H2SO4 to the salt and disappears
add KMnO4 solution
5 Oxalic acid test: Vinegar like smell CH3COO- may be present
Make a paste of salt with
oxalic acid
6 BaCl2 test: White Precipitate SO42- may be present
To the salt add BaCl2
solution

GROUP ANALYSIS FOR CATIONS


CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS:
1. CARBONATE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Lime water test: Lime water turns milky CO32- is confirmed.
To the salt add dil.
H2SO4 in a test tube
and pass the gas
through lime water.

2. CHLORIDE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 AgNO3 test: White precipitate Cl - is confirmed.
To the salt add
dil.HNO3,
heated,cooled and
add AgNO3 solution

3. BROMIDE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 AgNO3 test: Pale yellow precipitate Br - is confirmed.
To the O.S add dil.
Nitric acid, heated,
cooled and add
AgNO3 solution

4. NITRATE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Brown ring test: A brown ring is formed at the NO3- is confirmed.
To the salt add junction of two layers
freshly prepared
FeSO4 solution and
add conc. H2SO4
through the sides of
test tube

5. OXALATE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 CaCl2 test: White precipitate C2O42- is confirmed
To the OS add dil
acetic acid and add
CaCl2 solution
6. ACETATE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 FeCl3 test: Reddish brown precipitate CH3COO- is confirmed.
To the O.S add
neutral FeCl3
solution

7. SULPHATE ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Lead acetate test: White precipitate SO42- is confirmed.
To the salt add lead
acetate solution

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CATIONS:


1. AMMONIUM ION :(GROUP 0)
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Nessler’s test: Brown precipitate NH4+ is confirmed.
To the salt add
NaOH and heated
and add Nessler’s
reagent.

2. LEAD ION :(GROUP I)


Sl Experiment Observation Inference
No
1 Potassium iodide test: Yellow precipitate Pb2+ is confirmed.
To the salt add KI
solution
2 Potassium chromate Yellow precipitate Pb2+ is confirmed.
test:
To the salt add K2CrO4
solution.
3 Flame test: Dull white flame Pb2+ is confirmed.
Salt is mixed with
conc .HCl to make a
paste and shown to the
flame
3. ALUMINIUM ION:(GROUP III)
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Lake test: Blue precipitate Al3+ is confirmed.
Group III ppt is
dissolved in dil HCl
and add blue litmus
solution followed by
NH4OH
2 Cobalt nitrate test: Blue tinted ash Al3+ is confirmed.
Salt is mixed with
conc nitric acid and
cobalt nitrate
solution and a filter
paper dipped in it is
to be burnt into ash.

4. ZINC ION: (GROUP IV)


Sl Experiment Observation Inference
No
1 To the O.S add White precipitate Zn2+ is confirmed.
NaOH solution
2 To the salt add White/Blue precipitate Zn2+ is confirmed
potassium
ferrocyanide
3 Cobalt nitrate test: Green tinted ash Zn2+ is confirmed
Salt is mixed with
conc nitric acid and
cobalt nitrate
solution and a filter
paper dipped in it is
to be burnt into ash.
5. BARIUM ION: (GROUP V)
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Potassium Yellow precipitate Ba2+ is confirmed.
chromate test:
To the group V ppt,
add dil acetic acid,
heated cooled and
add K2CrO4 solution.
2 Flame test: Light green flame Ba2+ is confirmed.
Salt is mixed with
conc .HCl to make a
paste and shown to
the flame
6. CALCIUM ION: (GROUP V)
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Ammonium White precipitate Ca2+ is confirmed.
oxalate:
To the group V ppt,
add dil acetic acid
and ammonium
oxalate solution.
2 Flame test: Brick red flame Ca2+ is confirmed.
Salt is mixed with
conc .HCl to make a
paste and shown to
the flame

7. STRONTIUM ION: (GROUP V)


Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Ammonium White precipitate Sr2+ is confirmed.
sulphate:
To the O.S add
ammonium sulphate
solution.
2 Flame test: Crimson red flame Sr2+ is confirmed.
Salt is mixed with
conc .HCl to make a
paste and shown to
the flame

8. MAGNESIUM ION:
Sl No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Magneson reagent Blue precipitate Mg2+ is confirmed.
test:
To the O.S add
Magneson reagent
2 Cobalt nitrate test: Light Pink / white ash Mg2+ is confirmed.
Salt is mixed with
conc nitric acid and
cobalt nitrate
solution and a filter
paper dipped in it is
to be burnt into ash.
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS FOR ANIONS:

1. CARBONATE ION:

Lime water test

2. CHLORIDE ION:

3. BROMIDE ION:

4. NITRATE ION:

5. OXALATE ION:

6. ACETATE ION:

7. SULPHATE ION:
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS FOR CATIONS:

1. AMMONIUM ION:

Nessler’s test
HgO.Hg(NH2)I + 7KI + 2H2O

2. LEAD ION:

3. ALUMINIUM ION:

4. ZINC ION:

5. BARIUM ION:
6. CALCIUM ION:

7. STRONTIUM ION:

8. MAGNESIUM ION:

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