CHAPTER ELEVEN
The 8086 Addressing Mode
Addressing modes:
When the 8086 executes an instruction, it performs the specified function on data.
The data are called its operands and may be part of the instruction reside in one of
the internal registers of the 8086, stored at an address in memory, or held at an I/O
port. To access these different types of operands, the 8086 is provided with various
addressing modes as follow:
1. Immediate addressing mode
2. Register addressing mode
3. Direct addressing mode
4. Register indirect addressing mode
5. Based addressing mode
6. Indexed addressing mode.
7. Based indexed addressing mode
8. String addressing mode.
1. Immediate addressing mode: In this type of addressing, immediate data is a part
of instruction instead of the contents of a register or memory location, and it may
be 8-bit or 16-bit in size.
Example:
MOV AL, 015H
2. Register addressing mode: In register addressing mode, the data is stored in
a register and is referred using the particular register. All the registers, except IP,
may be used in this mode.
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Example:
MOV AX, BX
Figure 8 (a): Immediate addressing mode before execution.
Figure 8 (b): Immediate addressing mode after execution.
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Figure 9 (a): Register addressing mode before execution.
Figure 9 (b): Register addressing mode after execution.
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3. Direct addressing mode: In the direct addressing mode a 16-bit memory
address (offset) is directly specified in the instruction as a part of it.
Example:
MOV CX, [1234H]
Here, the operand resides in a memory location in the data segment, whose effective
address may be completed using 1234H as the offset address and content of DS as
segment address. The effective address here, is 10H * DS + 1234H.
4. Register indirect addressing mode: Sometimes, the address of the memory
location, which contains data or operand, is determined in an indirect way, using
the offset register. This mode of addressing is known as register indirect mode.
In this addressing mode, the offset address of data is in either BX or SI or DI or
BP registers. The default segment is either DS or ES or SS. The data is supposed
to be available at the address pointed to by the content of any of the above
registers in the default data segment.
Example:
MOV AX, [SI]
Here, data is present in a memory location in DS whose offset address is in SI. The
effective address of the data is given as 10H * DS + SI.
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Figure 10 (a): Direct Addressing mode before execution.
Figure 10 (b): Direct Addressing mode after execution.
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Figure 11 (a): Register Indirect Addressing before execution
Figure 11(b): Register Indirect Addressing mode after execution.
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5. Based addressing mode: In the based addressing mode, the physical address of
the operand is obtained by adding a direct or indirect displacement to the contents
of either BX or BP and the current value in DS and SS, respectively.
Example:
MOV [BX] + 1234H, AL; EA=BX+1234H, PA=DS*10H+EA
After execute the instruction the content of register AL is moved to memory location
specified by PA (as shown in fig. 12)
6. Indexed Addressing mode: In the Indexed addressing mode, the effective
address of the operand is obtained by adding a direct or indirect displacement to
the contents of either SI or DI register. Indexed addressing works identically to
the based addressing, it uses the contents of one of the index registers, instead of
BX or BP, in the generation of the physical address.
Example:
MOV BL, [SI]+1234H; EA=SI+1234H, PA=DS*10H+EA
After execute the instruction the byte of data stored at this location (PA),
is read into lower byte BX.
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MOV [BX] + 1234H, AL
Next Instruction
Figure 12(a): Based Addressing before execution
Figure 12(b): Based Addressing mode after execution.
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Figure 13(a): Indexed Addressing before execution.
Figure 13(b): Direct Indexed Addressing mode after execution.
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7. Based -Index addressing mode: Combining the based addressing mode and the
indexed addressing mode together results in a new, more powerful mode known
as based indexed addressing. The effective address of data is formed, by adding
an 8 or 16-bit displacement with the content of a base register (any one of BX or
BP) and the content of an index register (any one of SI or DI). The default
segment register may be ES or DS.
Example:
MOV AX, 1234H [BX] [SI]
Here, 1234H is an immediate displacement, BX is base register and SI is an index
register the effective address of data is computed as
EA= [BX] + [SI] + 1234H
And the physical address
PA=10H * DS + EA
8. String Addressing Mode
The string instructions of the 8086's instruction set automatically use the source and
destination index registers to specify the effective addresses of the source and
destination operands, respectively.
Example:
MOVSB
The physical address for the source operand
10H * DS + [SI]
The physical address for the destination operand
10H * ES + [DI]
Notice that neither SI nor DI appears in the string instruction, but both are used
during its execution.
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