MENG/PG DIPLOMA IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (15TH INTAKE)

Name : PGD Godakanda

Admission No. : 229071 J
Assignment No. : Assignment 01 (Exercise 2.4 of Fundamental
consideration in Design)
Module Name : Design of Energy system
Module Code : ME 5040
Lecturer : Prof. JGAS Jayasekara

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Moratuwa
Sri Lanka
Exercise 2.4

Location S shown in the figure has an adequate source of water and locations A, B and C are
point at which water must be provided at the rates of 2.5 l/s, 3.5 l/s and 1.5 l/s, respectively. Points S is
at 3m below the ground level and points A, B and C are at 1 m above the ground level. The demand for
water at A and C occurs intermittently and only during the working day and they may coincide. The
demand for water at B occurs only during nonworking hours and also intermittent. Ground-level access
exists in a 3-m border surrounding the building. Access is not permitted over, through of under the
building.

(a) Describe all the concepts of workable methods you can device to fulfill the assignment.

Method 01- Laying of a pipeline around the perimeter of the building within the 3-meter border
starting from the point ‘S’ with installing a single pump at location S to provide required
pressure to provide water at required rate for Point A, B and C.

Method 02 - Laying of three separate pipelines for each points around the perimeter of the
building within the 3-meter border starting from the point ‘S’ with installing a single pump at
location S to provide required pressure to provide water at required rate for Point A, B and C.

Method 03 - Laying of two separate pipelines, one for point A and C and other one for point B
around the perimeter of the building within the 3-meter border starting from the point ‘S’ with
installing a single pump at location S to provide required pressure to provide water at required
rate for Point A, B and C.

Method 04 -With installation of storage tank and a pump at location ‘S’ and filling the tank from
the main supply line originating from ‘S’ and installation of gravity-fed pipelines to deliver water
from the centralized tank to locations A, B, and C.

Method 05 - With installation of storage tank and a pump at each location and filling the tanks
from the main supply line originating from S.
 (b) Design a system based on one concept, including the sketch of pipe network chosen, list of all
the pipe sizes, specification of the pump, etc.

Required flow rates

S/N Duration Flow requirement (l/s) Total Flow
A B C requirement (l/s)
01 Working Hours 2.5 - 1.5 6
02 Non-working hours 3.5 3.5

Therefore, maximum flow requirement will be 6 l/s when demand for water at A and C occurs
Simultaneously.
In this design we have to minimize the energy requirement. For that pomp power to be
minimized.

Pump power is given by, P = Q̇ ρ g hp Where , P = Pump power (W)

µ Q̇ = Flow rate (m³/s)
ρ = Fluid density (kg/m³)
g = Acceleration due to gravity
hp = Pump head
µ = efficiency of the pump

In here, maximum flow rate requirement is 6 l/s which is equal to 0.006 m³/s. Density of the
water ρ is 1000 kg/m³. g is 9.81 m/s² and µ will be considered as 70 %. Since all these as
considered as constant, P will be depending on the pump head (hp). So in order to minimize
pump power, pump head to be minimize.

Let’s consider point S and a point X which is x meters horizontally away and 4 meters above the
from the S point. Pump is fitted at 4 meter above the point S.

X x m

4m

Energy equation to point S and X,

Since it has been asked to neglect velocity heads and both points are in the atmospheric pressure,

hp = hf + 4 where, hf = head loss due to pipe friction

and 4 is the elevation deference

Therefore, pump head is depending on the head loss due to pipe friction and to minimize pump power hf to
be minimized.

So, there are 9 pipe configurations can be implemented and configuration with minimum pressure drop to selected
for the design.
 Sectional Pressure drop
Pressure Total Total
Length
S/ Required Pipe drop Pressure pressure
Configuration of the
N Section flow rate diameter (kPa) per drop per drop
section
(l/s) (mm) unit section (kPa)
(m)
length (kPa)
S to A 80 2.5 80 0.01 0.8
3 separate pipe
1 S to B 120 3.5 90 0.01 1.2 3.6
lines to each point
S to C 80 1.5 60 0.02 1.6
S to A 80 6 100 0.04 3.2
2 Single line(SABC) A to B 40 3.5 90 0.01 0.4 4.4
B to C 40 1.5 60 0.02 0.8
S to C 80 6 100 0.04 3.2
3 Single line(SCBA)) C to B 40 3.5 90 0.01 0.4 4
B to A 40 2.5 80 0.01 0.4
A from one pipe S to A 80 2.5 80 0.01 0.8
and B,C from S to C 80 3.5 90 0.01 0.8
4 2
another pipe line
(SCB) C to B 40 3.5 90 0.01 0.4
A from one pipe S to A 80 2.5 80 0.01 0.8
and B,C from S to B 120 3.5 90 0.01 1.2
5 2.8
another pipe
line(SBC) B to C 40 1.5 60 0.02 0.8
B from one pipe S to B 120 3.5 90 0.01 1.2
line and A,C from S to A 80 6 100 0.04 3.2
6 6
another pipe
line(SAC) A to C 80 1.5 60 0.02 1.6
B from one pipe S to B 120 3.5 90 0.01 1.2
line and A,C from S to C 80 6 100 0.04 3.2
7 5.2
another pipe
line(SCA) C to A 80 2.5 80 0.01 0.8
C from one pipe S to C 80 1.5 60 0.02 1.6
line and A,B from S to A 80 3.5 90 0.01 0.8
8 2.8
another pipe
line(SAB) A to B 40 3.5 90 0.01 0.4
C from one pipe S to C 80 1.5 60 0.02 1.6
line and A,B from S to B 120 3.5 90 0.01 1.2
9 3.2
another pipe
line(SBA) B to A 40 2.5 80 0.01 0.4

In the above table pressure drop in each section have been calcuated according to given pressure drop data of
pipes.From the table it can be observed that configuraton 04 has the minimum pressure drop which is 2 kPa.
So the proposed pipe configuraton is as follows;

hp = hf + 4 = 2*1000 + 4 m = 4.204 m
9810

Hence the motor power P = Q̇ ρ g hp = 0.006 x 1000 x 9.81 x 4.204 = 353.5 W

µ 0.7

According to the given chart Type U pump to be selected for the requirement.