ECO.

THE STORY OF VILLAGE

1 PALAMPUR
Chapter at a Glance
main
In across India, farming is the
villages
activities,
productionactivity.The other production
referred as non-farm activities include small
to
etc. Every
manufacturing,transport, shop-keeping,
land, labour,
productionis organised by combining
which are
physicalcapital and human capital,
known as factors ofproduction. As agricultural land
the
is for cultivation therefore, to increase
fixed
methods are adopted by the
production certain

government to help the farmers. Farmersare able to Village Palampur

grow three different crops in a year in Palampur

Of the total cultivated area in the country, a litHol
due to the well-developed system of irrigation.
today. In the remaining areas,
farming is largely dependent
than 40 per cent is irrigated even
rainfall.

Western Uttar Pradesh. Green Revolution

by Green Revolution are Punjab, Haryana,
Areas benefitted
due to increaseduse of chemical fertilisers. Also.conin.
is associated with the loss of soilfertility

has reduced the water table below the ground

T

use of groundwater for tube well irrigation

Small farmers along wi
consumption of chemical fertilisers in Punjab is highest in the country.
their familiescultivate their own fields. Thus, they provide the labour required forfarming themselves
farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields. Wages can be in cash or in kind
Medium and large

e.g. crop. Sometimes labourersgetmeals also. Wages vary widely from region to region,from crop tn
is also a wide variation in
crop,from one farm activity to another (like sowing and harvesting).There

theduration ofemployment.

Most of the small farmers have to borrow money to arrangefor their capital. They borrow from large

farmers or thevillage moneylenders or the traders. In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and

large farmers have own savings from farming. People with some amountof capital can set-up
their

non-farm activities. One can either use his own savings, but more often has to take a loan. It is

important that loan be availableatlow rate of interestso that even people without savingscan start

some non-farm activity. Another thing which is essential for expansion of non-farm activities is to

have markets, where the goods and servicesproduced can be sold. As morevillages getconnected to

towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone, it is possible to have opportunities for

non-farm activities also.

188 SOCIAL SCIENCE-IX

 Some Important Terms
, Physical capital. The variety of
inputsrequired at every stage during
as fixed and working capital. production, classified

Eixed capital. Tools, machines,buildings

2.
can be usedinproduction over
Working capital.
many years.
It refers to the raw and money in hand.
materials
4.
Human capital. It refers to knowledge which is
wOuldmaximise the production. required to use land,
labour, capital which
ultiple cropping. A
farning methodtoincrease
raditional
land involving growing of more than one crop production on a given
in a year. piece of
UUse of modern methods
6. of farming. Include better
iclding variety of sceds, fertilisers, pesticides, manures,
modern techniques such as threshers. These high-
Croen Revolution. It led to a inputs gave birth to
spectacular increase in the
led to use of production of foodgrains in
high-yielding variety of seeds, India. It
:erication, large-scale use of development of surface and
fertilisers,rural electrification and groundwater
farm mechanisation.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
I. Very Short Answer Questions
1 Mark
Q1.
What is the aim
of the production?
s Theaim of production is to produce goods and services that we want.
Q2.
Name the basic constraintin raising
farm production.
ixed land is the basic constant in raising farm production.
2 What is the standard unit of measuring land area?
Ans. Hectare.
04. What are modern farming methods?
e Use of tractors, tubewells for irrigation, fertilizers and perticides, and combine harve
are modern methods of farming.

05, What was the aim of introducing high-yielding variety of seeds?

Ans. The aim of introducing high yielding variety of seeds was to increasethe producti
reduce the time required for producing grains.
to

O6, What is the most common way of increasing production

on a given piece of l=

Ans. Multiple cropping.

07. What is the disadvantage of Green Revolution?

Ans. Excessive use of chemical, fertilizers that have led to land degradation.

Q8. Which one of the following is an example of fixed capital?

(a) Raw material (b) Computers (c) Money () All of th

Ans. (b)

Q9. Which one of the following is an example of working capital?

(a) Tools (b) Money (c) Machines ()All of

Ans. (b)

THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

 Q10. What is the main activity of most of the people living in villages?
()Mining () Manufacturing
Ans. (
(6) Farming ) Dairy
farming
Q11. What percentage of people are dependent on
farming in Palampur?
(n) 50% 70%
(6) () 75% () 60%
Ans. (c)

Q12. Village Palampur resembles a village of

(a) Punjab (6) Haryana (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Allof these
Ans. ()

Q13. In which year was Green Revolution introduced?

(a) 1960 (b) 1952 (c) 1968 ()1947
Ans. (c)

Q14.

Ans.
) In which
(a)

(h)
Haryana
state of

Uttar Pradesh
India is consumption of fertilisers

(6) Punjab
()Maharashtra
maximum?

Q15. With introductionof Green Revolution, thecost of cultivation is

(a)same as before (b) less

(d rising (d) None of these

Ans. (c

Q16. Mostof the cultivated land in Palampur is

(a) small in size
(b) large in size
(d distributed equally () small and scattered
Ans. (d)

Ans.
)
Q17. Which one
(a)

(d)
Medium
of the

Large farmers
farmers
following types of farmers borrows the most?
(b) Landless farmers
()Small farmers and landless farmers

QI8. Who provides capital tosmall farmers at high interest rates?

(a) Moneylenders (b) Traders

() Both (a) and(b) )Banks
Ans. ()

Q19. Which type of farming methods require great dealof capital?

a) Traditionalmethods (b) Modern methods
) Both (a) and (b)
()None of these
Ans. (b)

190
SOCLAL SCIENCE-N
020.
)
The common

)
(a)
Dairy farming
Transport
activity next to agriculture is

(6) Small-scale

(0
manufaeturing
Cottage industry

Ans.
Which one of the following activities is
021.
fast developingin villages?
i) Dairy farming (6) Small-scale manfacturing
Transport (0 Cottage industry
(O
Ans.

Q22.
Which among the following is essential forthe expansion of non-farming activities?
(a) Better roads (6) Market
Communication (0 All of these
(h)
Ans.

023. What are the means of transport available in villages?

(n) Rickshaws 6) Trucks (o Bullock carts () Allof these

Ans. (d)

O24. Which among the following states was among first to try out the modern farmin
methods in India? (CBSE 2011)

a) West Bengal (6) Bihar () Uttar Pradesh Hary ana

Ans. (d)

Q25. Which of the following terms is used for measuring crop produced on a given piece ot
(CBSE 2011)
landduring a single year?
(a) Productivity b) Output ) Yield Cultiv ation

Ans. (c)

II. Short Answer Questions

3 Marks

these questions should not exceed 80 words each.

Ansver of

Q1. Differentiate between physicaland human capital.

Ans. Physical capital is the variety of inputs required at every stageduring production classified

as fixed and working capital.

Human capital knowledge is required to tuse land, labour,capital which would maximise
the production.

Therefore,we need knowledge and enterpriseto be able to put together land, labour and
physical capital and produce an output either to use ourselves or to sell in the market.

Q2 Differentiatebetween fixed and working capital.

Ans. Fixed Capital Working Capital

1. Tools, machines, buildings can be 1. Raw material and money in hand.

used in production.
2. It can be used for many years. 2. It can be used only once

THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 191

 Q3. Explain the importanceof human capital.
Ans. Human capital is required to beableto put together land, labour and physical
produce an output. Therefore, knowledge is the most importantrequirement for Capital
productin
s
plain the two types of labour activities necessary for production.
Ans. The two types of labour activities necessary for
production are:
1.
Skilled labour and
activities production activities require highly educated
c,.managers. worker
2.
Other activities require workers who can do manual work e.g. casual
(unskilled work). worker

O5. Name the standard unit of land in fields. Name two local
measuring units
villages. used in

Ans. The standard unit of measuring land is hectare.

Two local units used in villages are:

(o) Bigha
(h) Guintha

Q6. Why has land area under cultivation not expanded in Palampur?
Ans. Wasteland in village was already converted into cultivable land. Therefore, since 19so
there has been no expansionin land area under cultivation, asthere exists no
further
to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation. scope

07. How is thewell-being of people

production in farms?
closely related to
Ans. Farming is themain production
activity inPalampur. 75per cent of the
people who
are working are dependent on farming for their
livelihood. They could be farmersoe
farm labourers.The well-being of these people is
closely related to productionon the.
farms.

Q8. State differences between the kharif and rabi season.

Ans. Kharif crops are grown with theonset of monsoon in different parts of the country and
these are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season
are
paddy, maize, jowar, bajra,tur(arhar), moong, urad,cotton, jute,
groundnut and soyabean.
Rabi cropsare sOWn in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from
April to June. Some of the important rabicrops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.
NS
09. How has electricity helped the farmers?
Ans. Electricity to Palampur. Its major impact was to transtorm the system ot
came early

wheels were, till then, used by farmersto draw water from the wells and
irrigation. Persian

irrigate small fields. People saw that the electric-run tubewells

could irrigate much larger
areas of land more effectively. The first few tubewells were
installed by the government
Soon,however, farmers started setting up private tubewells. As a result, by mid-1970s the
entire cultivated area of 200 hectares (ha.)was irrigated.

192
OCIAL SCIENCE-LN
 is the difference between
multiple eropping and modern farming method?
What
cropping: Afarming methodtoincreaseproduction ona given piece
traditional
Multiple
land involving growing of more than one crop in a year.
Modern farming methods: It includesbetter fertilisers, pesticides, manures, high-yielding
nriety of seeds,modern techniquessuch as threshers

lddentify
and name the three crops grown in village of Palampur.
011.

(b)

Ans. (a) Wheat

()Bajra
()Sugar cane
Q12. Study the table and answer the following questions:
Cultivable Area Over The Years (in units of million hectares)

Year 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Cultivable area 120 130 140 140 140 140

(a) What is the cultivable area in 1950 and year 2000?

(b) Has there been a change in cultivable land? Give reasons for your answer.

lo Is it important to increase the area under irigation? Why?

Ans. (a) Cultivable area in 1950 - 120 million hectares, In 2000 - 140 million hectares.
(b) Yes

() Yes.Modern farming mnethods require more water. Monsoons in India are unevenl
distributed, unreliable,uncertain, occur for short duration. Therefore, to increas
production itis important to increase the area under irigation.

Q13. How did the farmers change their farming practices since 1960s?
Ans. With the introduction of Green Revolution the farmers used high
yielding variety see
instead of traditional seeds. Farmers used
modern farming methods, better irrigation facili
were adopted, use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides,better
machinery led to higher yi

THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

 O14. Why is the cost of cultivation in some states rising at a faster rate?
Ans The consumption of chemical fertilisers in Punjab is
highest inthe country. The
use of chemical fertilisers has led to
degradation of soil health. Punjab farmers continuot
forcedto use more and more chemical are
fertilisers and other inputs to now
achieve
production level. Thismeans cost of cultivation is the
rising very fast. same
Q15. The following table shows the produetion of wheat and pulses in
India afterthe
Revolution in units of million tonnes. Study the table and answer the Green
questions:
following
Production of Pulses and Wheat (in million tonnes)

Yeat Pulses Wheat

1965-66 10 10
1070-71 12 24
1980-81 11 36

)
1090.91 14 55
2000-01 11 70

)
0
What was the production of wheat
66 and 2000-012

What was the production of pulses during 1965-66 and 2000-012

after

Wasthe Green Revolutionequally successful for both the crops?

Ans. (o) 1965-66- 10million tonnes; 2000-01 - 70million tonnes.
the introduction of Green Revolutionin toe

(b) 1965-66- 10 million tonnes; 2000-01 11 million tonnes. -

C) No.

O16. State the hamful effect of using chemical fertilisers on land.

Ans. 1. Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of
chemical fertilisers.

2. Chemicalfertilisers escape from soil and pollute groundwater,

lakes, rivers, kill bacteria
and other microoganisms in the soil making it infertile.
3. Continuous use of chemical fertilisers led to degradation of soil health as
farmers are
now forced to usemore andmore chemicalfertilisers to achieve the
same production
level thus making the cost of cultivation very high.

O17, What factors have led to the reduction of water table level in fields?
Ans. Continuous use of groundwater for tube well irrigation has
reduced the waterlevel below
the ground. Increased use of chemical fertilisers,
pesticides requires plenty of water to
achieve higheryield, thus putting pressure on water resource.

Q18. State the factors that have led to overuse of land resources.
Ans. 1. Modern farming methods for increased production led to overutilisation of land.
2. Use of HYV seeds,more fertilisers to increaseproduction to fulfil needs of increasing
population.
3. Modern farming methods require plenty of water. Theretore,population pressure
on
water is high.

194 SOCLAL SCIENCE-X

 where do small farmers
From obtainthe inputs
that they
p19. Modern farming methods requirea require?
great deal of capital,
than before. Most so the farmer now
money small farmershave needs more
borrow from large to borrow
They farmers or the village money to arrange forthe capital.
inputs for moneylenders or the traders who supply
various cultivation. The rate of
interest on such
to great distress to repay the loan, and attimes fall loans is very high. They are put
have their own into debt trap. Medium and large
farmers savingsfrom farming.
They are thus ableto
needed. arrangefor the capital

How do the medium and large

farmers obtain capital for How isit different
from the small farmers? farming?
The new ways of farming need less land,
Ans. but much more of capital, The medium
farmers are ableto usetheir and larg
oWn savings from production to arrange for capital during
the next season. Onthe other hand,
the small farmers who cent of
constitute about 80 per
total farmers in India find it difficult to of their
obtain capital. Because of the small size
plots, theit production is not
enough.The lack of surplus means that they are unabie t
obtain capital from their own savings and have toborrow,
Besides the debt, many of the
small farmers have to do additional work as farm labourersto feed
themselves and ther
families.

Explain the factors essential for expansion of non-farming

Q21. activities in illages.
nk Factors essential for expansion of non-farming
activities are:
1.Non-farming activity requirelittle land.
2. A person can obtain capital by using his own saving or take a loan.
3. Marketwhere goods and services, produce can be sold.
4. Transport and communication facilities.

Q22. Not all villages in India have high levels of irrigation. Explain.
Ans. Not in India have high levels of irrigation. Apart from the riverineplains,
all villages
as the
Coastal regions in our country are well-irrigated. In contrast, plateau regions such
Deccan plateau have low levels of irrigation. Of the total cultivated area in the country, a
than 40 per cent is irrigated even today. In the remaining areas,farming
litie less is largely
dependent on rainfall that is unevenly distributed, unreliable and uncertain.

Q23. (a) Didthe production of wheat in Palampur increase? If yes, give reasons.
b) What did the farmers do with the surplus wheat if any?
Ans. (a) Yes. In Palanmpur,the yieldof wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1300 kg per
hectare. With the high yielding variety seeds the yield went up to 3200 kg per hectare.

(b) As a result of using HYV seeds and modern farming methods there was a large increase
in production.Farmers now had greateramount of surplus wheat to sellin the market.

Q24. Write some modern farming methods of agriculture. (CBSE 2011)

Ans. (a) The modern methods of farming imply better use of agricultural inputs like high
yielding varieties of seeds,chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc.

(6) Modern farming methods include a well developed irrigation system which make it
possiblefor thefarmers to grow three different crops in one year.

() crops can be grown during parts of the year, for example, the farmers of village
Different

Palampur cultivate all the land in the village. They grow Rabi erops in thewinter
season and Kharif crops in the rainy season.

HE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 195

 III. Long Answer Questions 5Marks
Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words ot
Q1. State and explain the factors of production.
Ans. The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want. Every productio
is organised by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital.
1. Landand other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals.
2. Labour, ic. people who will do the work. Some productign activities
require highl..

educated workers; other activities require workers whocán do manual work.

3. Physical capital, i.e. the variety of inputs required at every stage during production
(0) Tools,machines, buildings: Tools, machines, buildings can be used in production v

many years, and are called fixed capital.

(6) Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. These are used ..
in production.

4. Human capital - knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and
physical capital, and produce an output either to use yourself or to sell in the markot

Q2. State the ways by which one can grow more crops on same piece of land.
Ans. The different ways of increasing productionfrom same piece of land:

1. Multiplecropping-A traditional farming method to increase productionon a give

piece of land involving growing of more than one crop in ayear.

Use modern of farming -Better fertilisers,

methods pesticides, manures,
2. of
,highyielding
variety of seeds, modern techniques such as threshers.

3. Rural electrification and farm mechanisation.

4. Development of surface and groundwater irrigation.
5. Land reforms.

Q3. Give the advantages and disadvantages of Green Revolution.

Ans. Advantages of Green Revolution:
(a) Increase in production of wheat and rice.

(6) India has become self-sufficient in foodgrain production.

() India has achieved food security even in times of calamity.

(d) Increase in income of farmers.
() It has raised their standard of living.

Disadvantages of Green Revolution:

(a) Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of

chemical fertilisers.

(6)These fertilisers may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers and lakes.

()Chemical fertilisers can also kill bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil.

(d)After some time, the soil will be less fertile than ever before.

(e) Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the water-table
below the ground.

196 SOCIALSCIENCE-IX
 siame the three non-farming activities of the people of Paiampur. Discuss any one of

them.
The three non-farming activities-Dairy, small scale manufacturing and transport.

Ans.
(0 Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed theirbuffalos

on various kinds of grassand the jouararnd bajra thatgrows during the rainy seasorn.

The milk issold in Raiganj, the nearby large village. Two traders from Shahpur town
have set up collection-cum-chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is

transported to far away towns and cities.

Manufacturing in Palampur
(i) Fifty people areengaged in manufacturing in Palampur.
done on a small scale. They are
involvesvery simple production methods and are
fields with the help of family labour. Rarely
are
carried out mostly at home or in the
Mishrilal also buys sugar cane from other
farmers and
labourers hired. Example
Shahpur. In the process,
into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders at
processes it

Mishrilal makes a small profit.

Palampur to Raigan),
(ii) There are of vehicles on the road connecting
variety
driving the
jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people
Rickshatwallaks, tongavallahs,

traditional bullock carts and bogey

are people in the transport services. Ihey
paid for it.
carry people and goods from
one place to another, and in return get
several
transport has grown over the last
The number of people involved in
years.
The traders
(i) People involved in (exchange of goods) are not many in Palampur.
trade
markets in the
are shopkeepers who buy various goods from wholesale
of Palampur
be seen in the village
the village. Small general stores can
cities and sell them in
biscuits, soap, toothpaste,
like rice, wheat, sugar, tea, oil,
selling awide range of items
pen, pencil, even some cloth.
A few of the families
batteries, candles, notebooks,
a part of the space to open a small calO0
whose houses are close to the bus stand have used
shop.

IV. HOTS Questions

Q1. What is meant by Green Revolution? What are its features?

Ans. The Green Revolution is a revolution introduced in the late 1960s in the field of

which adopted the modern methods of farming to increase the agricultural

agriculture

production.

Till the mid-1960s, the seeds used in cultivation were traditional ones with relatively low

yields. Cow-dung and other natural manure were used as fertilisers. But the Green
Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice

using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds. The HYV seeds produced much greater
amounts of grain ascompared to the traditional seeds. Eventually with the same piece of
land production increased significantly.

THE STORYOF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 197

 Q2) Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in
you agree? industry. Do
Ans. Yes, modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in
HYV seeds need plenty of water and also chemical fertilisers, industry.
pesticides to produce
results. Farmers set uptubewells forirrigation. Even machinery like tractorsand
were also brought in threshers
use. With the use of HYV seedsthe production of wheat
from 1300 increased
kg per hectare to 3200 kg per hectare and farmersnow had greater
surplus wheat to sell in the markets. amounts of

Q3. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Ans. It is very important to increase the area under irrigation because
monsoon rains a

uncertain and erratic in India. The lands which are under

cultivation is not sufficient fo
the farmers. If they get irrigated area for cultivation, they will be able to producemore ev.
in small plot.

Q4. Why are wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Ans. The minimum wages for farm labourer set by the government is 6b per day but
a farme
in Palampur gets T35-40. There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourere
therefore, farmersagreeto work for lower wages.

V. Value Based Questions

Q1. State some alternate economic activities other than farming that help in progress and
development of a village.

Ans. Alternate economic activities other than farming are:

()Dairy farming
(ii) Opening of shops that sell products of daily requirements such as soaps, sugar, tea,
biscuits etc.

(iiil) Constructionalactivities such as construction of roads,school buildings, etc.

(iv) With construction of roads means of transport such as trucks, buses, rickshaws are

used thus connecting thevillage with towns and cities.

(v) Setting up of small scale and cottage industries such as pottery making, handicraf
helps the villagers, and also keeps the traditional values of India alive.

Q2. Green revolution has benefited Indian agriculture immensely, but there are som
disadvantages. Mention them.

Ans. Disadvantages of Green revolution are:

() Lead to loss of soil fertility.

(i) Lead to pollution of ground water.

(ii) Leads topollution of river water making it unfit for use.

198 SOCIAL SCIENCE

 Modern methods of cultivation require a lot of water for irigation thus leading to
level.
reducing the water table

Leads to land degradation after a few years.

an individual and the

State how different factors of production help inthe progress of
Q3
nation.

by combining land, labour, physical capital and human

os Every prodution is organised

)
capital.
Land. In includes

production.
resources such as water. forest, minerals. Man uses the land for

unskilled labour uses the resourcs according to their ability.

()Labour.Both skilled and
capital. Tools,machines are required by the labour to use the resources.
(n) Physical
his education, knowledge and skill use all
(i) Human capital. It is the human who with

the factosof production. Therefore, he (a) improves his income, (b) improves standard
such as
of living, (c) contributes in production process of various industries
manufacturing.

Asa result, economic condition of the country improves and country progresses.

Also state the steps one should take

Q4. State the shortcomingsof use of chemical fertilizers.
to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture.

Ans. Shortcomings of use of chemical fertilisers are:

() Loss of soil fertility.

()Chemical fertilisers escape from soil and pollute groundwater, lakes and rivers.

() Cost of cultivation has become very high as the farmer is forced to use more fertlisers

to achievethe same production level.

)
Steps taken to reduce use of chemical fertilisers are:

Use of organicfarming.
()Combining modern technology with traditional farming to maximise crop yield and
sustain productivity.

(in) Use of cultural practices such as intercropping,crop rotation.

(i0) Mechanical methods such as destruction of insects by hand picking and using hand
nets, use of light traps. mol

(0) Use of botanical pesticides such as neem, garlic.

THE STORYOF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 19

 CHAPTER TEST
Max. Marks:2)
Time: 40 minutes
1Mark
I. Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. Which one of thefollowing is an example of fixed capital?

(a) Raw material

(b) Computers
(c) Money
() All of these

Q2. Name the basic constraint in raising farm production.

(a) Landis fixed

(6) Uneven land

() Infertile land
() Unsuitable climate
Q3. What is the disadvantage of Green Revolution?

3Marks
II. Short AnswerQuestions

Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each

Q4. How did the farmers change their farming practices since 1960s?

Q5. Explain the factors essential for expansion of non-farming activities in villages.

Q6. State how different factors of production help in the progress of an individualand the
nation.

III. Long Answer Questions 5Marks

Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each.

Q7. Give theadvantages and disadvantages of Green Revolution.

Q8. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How isit differen

from the small farmers?

200 SOCIAL SCIENCE

 FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Read the newspaper articles given below and
1.
following questions given: answer the

The government plans

topromote organicfarming
and combining modern tech
nology with traditional farm
ing to maximize crop yields and
sustai productivity.
PLOUGHING IN MAORE

SeLC0-riendly Methods First & Chemicals as aLast

Resort..
AHealthy You andaHealthy Grou
Delhi: Capital invest-
New both by
in agriculture. attled by soaring food
ment: and private
public increase,

ietble

ncta
se
to offset neg

growth and narginat

in production
sectors

of
R prices andfalling farm
productivity the FM has
announceda slew of measures
Sustainable and
Cuturai

dry
Practices:
sumrer
Low Cost Methods
season•Use af
Deep plouging during
Pest Resistant rarietie

nany crops,
The Economic to boost the farm sector and • Inter Cropping, Crop Rotation and planting of

urte said. Inthe last five vowed to deepem the process of Trap Craps Weeding & haawing

investment in agricu. attracting more private in. Mecharical Methods:

Jars
rebaswashovered around vestment in agriculture and
2.
Destruction af insects by hand picking and
maximumin 200A.
it
a little above agro-processing. Using hand nets Use of Light Traps and Sucky Tr
n0 whern 1t was for
The quick estiate
t
Methods:
Mukherjee also annonced
Bioogical
is 2,979%.
009-10
is
Capital investment the setting up of vegetable clus
Use of Pheromone Traps, Predators,

aoriculture as a percentage ers in four major urban cen Parasites & Bio-pesticides,

f the GDP has been stagnmat

tres to meet growing demand. Bio Pesticides: Microbial pesticides: Tncthode
ing in recent years altheugh
expenditure in To extend the Green Revg NPY, Pseudomonas ete. Botanical pesticides:
te capitai
sricuiture as a percentage luion to the eastern region, Based an Neem, Garlic etc.
he announced an allocation
It alsounderlined theim
nortance of linking farhiers of 400 erore. Steps to raise
to market where the ex
the storage capacity cold chains
perience of cooperatives in andmega food parks were also
the milk sector couldcene
i!
annomced. Cold chains and
bandy it said. The suuvey pre
post-harrvest storage facilities
scribed a targeted develop

Bent of rainfed areas

as 60% have been given infrastructue
f the net
area sown
is stili
status that is expected to attact
rainfed.
private investment.

Juestions crop yield.

methods to increase the
1. Enumerate few eco-friendly government to extend Green
Rev
announced by the
2. What steps have been
eastern region? of rising
to solve the problem
the Finance Minister
3. State the steps taken by
and decreasing farm production.
of organic farming?
4. What are the main features

HE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

 1I. Read the following and completethe table:
field though the
Let take three farmers. Each has grown wvheat on his
us
production
different (see Column 2). The consumption of wheat by each
farmer family is the is
for same
(Column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital next
years
is twice the capital used in production.
production. Also suppose, production
Farmer 1

Production Consumption Surplus = Capital forthe

Production - next year
Consumption

Year 1 100 40 60 60

Year 2 120 40
Year 3 40

Farmer 2
Production Consumption Surplus Capital for the
next year

Year 1 80 40
Year 2 40
Year 3 40

Farmer 3
Production Consumption Surplus Capital for the

next year

Year 1 60 40
Year 2 40

Year 3 40

What happens to farmer 3 in the year 37 Can he continue production? What willhe have

to do to continue production?

SOCIALSCIENCE-N
 Complete the
following:

forexample

Rabi :Jowar
1.
6. Moneylender:
Kharif Villages
.:Wheat

, Persian wheel :Traditional

method 7. Land:
:Cities

Scarce

:Modern method
Labour :
Low level of

High level
irrigation

of iigation :
: Deccan
8. Transport :
Non-farming activity

.Tools :Fixed capital

Dairy farming:

9. Simple productionmethods : Small manufacturing

Money:

Green Revolution :Crops

:Agriculture

10. Small farmer :Debt trap

White Revolution:
Medium farmer:

IV. Study thegraph and answer the

following questions:

Cultivated Area
Number of Farmers

36%
20%

64%
80%

Small farmers
Medium and
(Less than 2 ha) large farmers
(More than 2 ha)

) Give the percentage of small and medium farmers.

) Write the percentage ofcultivated area by both the farmes.

Is there a difference in cultivated land? Give reasons for your answer.

STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR 203

 V. Complete thefollowing paragraphs:
Among the factors of we found that labour is the
production,
emost
to work as farm abundant
factor of production.There are many people who are willing
labourers
in the villages, whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belongto
either
landless familiesor and lead a difficult
They are paid low wages, ife.
In contrast to labour, is a scarce factor of production. Cultivated
land
area is .. Moreover, even the existing land is distributed (equallyl
unequally) among the people engaged in farming. There are large number of s

.
farmers who cultivate small plots of landand live in conditions not much better
L

farmlabourer.To make the maximum use of the existing land, farmers use
the landless
and Both these have led to increase in production of
crops.
Modern farming methods require a greatdeal of ..
.Small farmers
usually
need to borrow money to arrange forthecapital, and are put to great distress to
repay
the loan. Therefore, capitaltoo is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the
small farmers.

Though both land and capital are scarce, thereis a basic difference between thetwo
factors of production. is a natural resources,whereas

is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is

very important that we take good care of land other natural resources used in farming

VI. Activities/Projects

A. Field SurveyVisit a nearby village and find out:

(a) Location
(b) Total area
(c) Land use
(d) Facilities available/Methods of farming.
(e) Modern facilities, such as (a) Transport (b) Communication (c) Non-farming
activities.

Evaluate:

(a) Has life changed? Enumerate the changes.

(b) Discuss the role of government in improving condition of villages.

B. Watch the movie 'Lagaan'.Compare and contrast the conditions of farmers in British

era to the current economic conditions of farmers.

C. Prepare a book report on Development of Agriculture since Green Revolution and its

impact on the environment. Also write a report on--The BT Brinjal controversyand

Ripening of Mangoes before season.

(Skills involved--Thinking, emotional social skills, literacy and scientific skills,

observation based on attitude towards teachers,schoolmates, environment)

04
SOCIAL SCIENCE-LX