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Microwave and Radar Engineering

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1K views2 pages

Microwave and Radar Engineering

Uploaded by

srujana madduri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MICROWAVE AND RADAR ENGINEERING

VI Semester: ECE

Course Code Category Hours / Week Credits Maximum Marks


AECC32 Core L T P C CIA SEE Total
3 1 - 4 30 70 100
Contact Classes: 45 Tutorial Classes: 15 Practical Classes: Nil Total Classes: 60
Prerequisites: Electromagnetic Waves and Transmission Lines
I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
This course allows students to study and analyze microwave systems at high frequencies, typically in the MHz
and GHz range where lumped elements (e.g., resistors, capacitors, inductors) are no longer appropriate. It also
deals with the concepts of radar systems. The main applications such as electronic warfare, navigation system,
missile terminal guidance and landing systems of air and space vehicles.

II. COURSE OBJECTIVES:


The students will try to learn:
I The concepts of wave guide components and electromagnetic wave propagation for microwave
communication using Maxwell’s equations.
II The generation of microwave signals to measure different parameters usingmicrowave test bench.
III The principle and operation of radar systems and radar range equation forcommunication.
IV The use of Doppler frequency shift to detect moving target in stationary clutter , continuous wave
radar system in altimeter applications

III. COURSE OUTCOMES:


After successful completion of the course, students should be able to:
CO 1 Illustrate the principle of waveguide components to couple microwave power and Understand
make the relation between input and output power
CO 2 Demonstrate the operation of microwave tubes, solid state devices for the Understand
generation and transmission of the microwave frequencies.
CO 3 Make use of microwave bench set-up for measuring the parameters of microwave Apply
signal
CO 4 Outline the working principle and operation of radar using radar range equation to Understand
calculate transmitted power in CW radar
CO 5 Identify the importance of avoiding blind speed phenomenon, staggered PRF Apply
MTI systems are used in modern radar for detection ofhigh-speed moving targets
CO 6 Choose the appropriate solid state sources, amplifiers and mixers for employing Apply
the transmitters and receivers in radar

IV. COURSE SYLLABUS:


MODULE – I: WAVEGUIDES AND COMPONENTS (08)
Introduction, microwave spectrum and bands, applications of microwaves, types of waveguides, rectangular
waveguides, field equations in rectangular waveguide, field components of TM and TE waves for rectangular
waveguide, modes of TM and TE waves in rectangular waveguide, impossibility of TEM waves, cut off
frequency of rectangular waveguide; Wave impedance in rectangular waveguide: Wave impedance for a TM and
TE wave in rectangular waveguide, Dominant mode and degenerate modes, mode characteristics of phase
velocity, group velocity, wavelength and impedance relations; waveguide multiport junctions: E plane Tee, H
plane Tee, Magic Tee, applications of Magic Tee, hybrid ring; Ferrites: Faraday rotation principle, gyrator,
isolator, circulator illustrative problems.

MODULE – II :MICROWAVE LINEAR BEAM AND CROSS FIELD TUBES (OTYPE AND MTYPE
(10)
Microwave linear beam tubes (O type): Limitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies; Klystron:
Velocity modulation process, bunching process, output power and beam loading; Multicavity Klystron
amplifiers: Beam current density, output current and output power of two cavity Klystron; Reflex Klystron:
Velocity modulation, power output and efficiency. Helix Traveling Wave tube: Slow wave structures,
amplification process, conventional current; Microwave cross field tubes (M type): Introduction, cross-field
effects; Magnetrons: Different types, 8- cavity cylindrical travelling wave Magnetron, Hull cut-off and Hartree
conditions, modes of resonance and PI-mode operation.

MODULE – III: MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS AND CW AND PULSE RADAR (10)


Description of microwave bench: Different blocks and their features, precautions; Microwave power
measurement: Bolometer; Measurement of attenuation; Frequency standing wave measurements: measurement of
low and high VSWR; Cavity Q; Impedance measurements.

Radar Range equation; Pulse Radar: Block diagram and Operation; Maximum unambiguous range; Radar wave
forms; Prediction of Target range; Integration of echo pulses, PRF and Range ambiguities; system losses. CW
Radar: Introduction, Block Diagram, Isolation between transmitter and receiver, Non-zero IF receiver, Receiver
bandwidth requirements, Applications; Frequency Modulated CW radar: Range and Doppler measurement,
Mathematical Analysis, Block Diagram and characteristics, FM-CW altimeter, multiple frequency CW radar,
Ambiguity Diagram & its application.

MODULE – IV: RADAR DETECTION IN NOISE (08)


Moving target indication (MTI) on A scope, butterfly effect, MTI using delay line canceller (DLC), Doppler
measurement using Pulse radar, MTI radar (with power amplifier transmitter), MTI radar (with power oscillator
transmitter), filter characteristics of DLC, blind speeds, double DLCs, Blind speeds, Staggered PRFs. Matched
Filter (MF) receiver, MF response characteristics; Correlation Receiver, Efficiency of non-matched filters,
Matched filter with non-white noise, Automatic Detection of radar signals: Tapped Delay Line (TDL) detection,
CFAR receiver, Radar Clutter: Land and Sea clutter (without mathematical treatment)

MODULE – V: RADAR TRANSMITTERS & RECEIVERS (09)


Hybrid Linear-Beam Amplifier and Crossed-Field Amplifiers, Solid State Sources & Amplifiers, Methods for
employing solid-state transmitters. Receiver Noise Figure (NF) - Noise Temperature; Measurement of NF, NF of
Mixers, Basics of Radar Displays and Duplexers.

V. TEXT BOOKS:
1. M. Kulkarni, “Microwave and radar engineering “, Umesh Publications,5th Edition,2016.
2. Samuel Y. Liao, “Microwave Devices and Circuits”, Pearson, 3 rd Edition, 2003.
3. Merrill I Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar Systems”, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2nd Edition, 2007.

VI. REFERENCE BOOKS:


1. Herbert J. Reich, J.G. Skolnik, P.F. Ordung and H.L. Krauss, “Microwave Principles, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1st Edition, 2004.
2. F.E. Terman, “Electronic and Radio Engineering”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, 4th Edition, 1955.
3. Warren L. Stutzman, Gary A. Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 3rd Edition, 2012.

VII. WEB REFERENCES:


1. https://www. montana.edu/aolson/ee433/EE43308_L1-3.pdf
2. https://www.microwaves101.com/uploads/MESA-front.pdf
3. https:// www.onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_ee63/preview
4. https://www.iare.ac.in

VIII. E-TEXT BOOKS:


1. https://www.technicalsymposium.com/allenggebooks.html
2. https:// www.gradeup.co/best-books-for-microwave-engineering
3. https://www.aliexpress.com/item/EBOOK..Microwave Engineering

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