LJMU Student Number: PN1035547
ICBT Student Number: KD-HDAME-08-18
ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET
Programme Automotive Engineering Learner name Ashen Madushka
Assignment title Automotive system design Assessor name
Unit Code. & title 5507ICBTAE Targeted assessment criteria
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Automotive system design
The design of automotive systems is a complex process that involves consideration of various
factors to ensure safety, performance, efficiency, and user satisfaction. Some of the key factors
that depend on automotive system design include.
• Safety
• Performance
• Fuel Efficiency
• Comfort and Ergonomics
• Durability and Reliability
• Cost
• Regulatory Compliance
• User Experience and Technology Integration
• Aesthetics
• Adaptability and Futureproofing
Categories of vehicles
Vehicles can be categorized in various ways based on different criteria such as their size,
purpose, capacity, and design. Here are some common categories of vehicles.
• Trucks
• Vans
• Motorcycles
• Passenger Cars
• Commercial Vehicles
Customer demand of a vehicle
The demand for vehicles among customers is influenced by a variety of factors including
economic conditions, lifestyle preferences, technological advancements, environmental
concerns, and government regulations. Here are some common considerations that influence
vehicle demand.
• Safety
• Performance
• Fuel Efficiency
• Comfort and Ergonomics
• Durability and Reliability
• Cost
• Regulatory Compliance
• User Experience and Technology Integration
Given below are 3 categories of vehicles designed to suit the different demands of customers.
Select and state one vehicle per category for all the 3 categories provided.
• Family car
• Passenger vehicle
• Budget oriented vehicle
What are the customers’ demands for a family car?
When purchasing a family car, it’s crucial to keep in mind all the factors that are of utmost
importance. You aim to guarantee that you and your family experience comfort, have ample
storage space, and, above all, maintain safety throughout your journeys. Naturally, staying
within your budget is also a priority! It may seem daunting but fear not! That’s why we’ve
assembled a convenient guide to assist you in making the optimal choice when selecting the
ideal vehicle for your family.
Budget:- One of the most important factors when choosing a vehicle to buy is the budget.
While lavish designs and shiny features can be tempting, you should consider your financial
capability first before looking at high-end vehicles that will go beyond what you can pay for in
your lease or mortgage’s term. Furthermore, having a car is not just a one-time expense. It
requires continuous maintenance, fuel, insurance, and other costs. By selecting a car that fits
your budget, you can prevent unnecessary financial strain in the future.
Size of vehicle:- Choosing a vehicle with adequate space is essential to ensure everyone travels
comfortably. Opting for a car with generous legroom, headspace, and comfortable seating can
significantly improve the overall travel experience for the entire family.
A larger car with ample storage and towing capacity could be more practical if the family enjoys
frequent travel and camping trips. Conversely, if the family's routine consists of daily city commutes, a
smaller and more maneuverable car might be more convenient.
Lastly, selecting the appropriate size when purchasing a family car ensures that we get the most value
for our money. Oversized vehicles often come with a premium price tag, which may only be justified if
all their features are utilized. On the other hand, smaller cars are typically more affordable but may not
fully meet the family's needs.
Functionality:- When selecting a car for a family, we want to ensure it fits our lifestyle and needs.
Amenities such as cup holders, storage compartments, and entertainment systems can be enticing,
especially if these are some of the features you need for your comfort and convenience. If you love
spending time outdoors, you’ll want a vehicle carrying all your gear, like bikes, skis, tents, fishing rods,
etc. On the other hand, if you have kids, you might need a car that allows car seats and fits strollers into
Storage:- Understanding the significance of having sufficient space to accommodate all your
essentials is crucial. Whether it's transporting your baby's necessities or your family's groceries,
a car with a spacious trunk is indispensable. With ample storage capacity, you won't feel
cramped while packing and accessing everything you need.
Maintaining a tidy and organized car can be simplified with a well-designed storage system.
Look for features such as built-in cargo organizers, foldable seats, or overhead compartments
to optimize storage possibilities. An orderly car interior prevents items from shifting or
becoming damaged and saves you valuable time and effort by ensuring everything is easily
within reach.
Additionally, a family car equipped with adequate storage options can enhance your sense of
security. Having enough space to store emergency essentials, such as a spare tire or roadside
emergency kit, provides peace of mind.
Safety Ratings:- Understanding the safety of a vehicle is paramount before making a
purchase. It's vital to ensure that the car can shield you and your family in the event of an
accident. This is why organizations like the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) conduct thorough evaluations of
vehicles to assess their safety features.
One of the most critical factors to consider is a family car's crashworthiness. This term refers to
how effectively the car protects its passengers in a crash. Safety ratings evaluate the
performance of seat belts, airbags, and other safety features in minimizing injuries. Opting for a
car with high crashworthiness ratings provides additional protection for your family.
Another essential aspect evaluated in safety ratings is child safety. For those with young
children, ensuring that the car has proper child seat anchors, rear-door child locks, and other
child-friendly safety features is crucial.
In addition to crash performance and preventative safety technologies, safety ratings also
consider factors such as roof strength, rollover resistance, and overall structural integrity. These
elements contribute to a vehicle's ability to withstand various accident scenarios and protect its
occupants.
Fuel Efficiency:- Choosing a fuel-efficient family vehicle offers dual benefits: saving money on
fuel costs and contributing positively to the environment. The higher the fuel efficiency of a car,
the less fuel it consumes, leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. This is
particularly significant for families, enabling them to actively decrease their carbon footprint
and advocate for a cleaner environment for future generations. Moreover, a fuel-efficient car
can deliver long-term financial advantages by reducing expenses at the gas station.
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• According to above chart ,
Most famous and most reliable family car is Honda accord and
Toyota Camry .
The Toyota Camry is a popular midsize sedan known for its reliability, comfort,
and safety features. Here are some common safety features, ergonomics,
materials, and car add-ons available in the Toyota Camry.
Safety features
1. Toyota Safety Sense P (TSS-P):- This suite of advanced safety features comes standard on
most newer Camry models. It includes,
• Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection: Helps detect pedestrians and vehicles
ahead to avoid or mitigate collisions.
• Lane Departure Alert with Steering Assist: Alerts the driver when the vehicle is drifting
out of its lane and can provide steering assistance.
• Automatic High Beams: Automatically switches between high and low beams based on
oncoming traffic.
• Dynamic Radar Cruise Control: Maintains a set following distance from the vehicle
ahead and can adjust speed accordingly.
2. Blind Spot Monitor with Rear Cross-Traffic Alert:- Alerts the driver to vehicles in the
blind spot and warns of cross-traffic when backing up.
3. 10 Airbags:- Including front and rear side curtain airbags, front knee airbags, and front
and rear seat-mounted side airbags.
4. Star Safety System:- Includes features like Enhanced Vehicle Stability Control (VSC),
Traction Control (TRAC), Anti-lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Brake-force Distribution
(EBD), Brake Assist (BA), and Smart Stop Technology®(SST).
5. Toyota Safety Connect:- Emergency assistance, stolen vehicle locator, roadside
assistance, and automatic collision notification.
Ergonomics and Interior Features
1. Spacious Interior:- The Camry offers comfortable seating for up to five passengers with
ample legroom and headroom.
2. Driver-Centric Cockpit:- The layout is designed to keep important controls within easy
reach of the driver.
3. Entuned Audio System:- Includes a touchscreen display, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto,
Bluetooth connectivity, and available navigation.
4. Dual-Zone Automatic Climate Control:- Allows the driver and front passenger to set
individual temperature preferences.
5. Power-Adjustable Seats:- Available power-adjustable front seats for added comfort.
Use of Materials
1. Soft-Touch Materials:- The interior often features soft-touch materials on the dashboard
and door panels, adding to a premium feel.
2. Quality Upholstery:- Depending on the trim level, the seats are upholstered in fabric,
leatherette, or genuine leather.
3. Durable Trim:- Trim pieces are often made of durable and easy-to-clean materials.
Types of Car Add-Ons
1. Panoramic Moonroof:- Some Camry models offer a large panoramic moonroof that
spans the front and rear seats.
2. JBL Premium Audio:- Available premium sound system for audiophiles.
3. Wireless Charging:- Some models feature a wireless charging pad for compatible
smartphones.
4. Heated and Ventilated Seats:- Available for front passengers, providing comfort in
various weather conditions.
5. Bird's Eye View Camera:- Provides a 360-degree view around the vehicle for easier
parking and maneuvering.
6. LED Headlights and Taillights:- Energy-efficient and bright lighting for better visibility.
7. Smart Key System:- Allows for keyless entry and push-button start.
8. Adaptive Headlights:- Some models offer headlights that adjust their beam pattern
based on steering input and vehicle speed.
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Toyota Camry
Engine Transmission
• Four-cylinder inline engine. • Eight speed auto transmission box.
• Engine capacity is 2498CC. • Maximum output is 260HP.
• Maximum torque is 221Nm. • Maximum speed is 200Kmph.
• The fuel type is gasoline MPFI. • Front wheel drivetrain.
Suspension system
• Coil spring independent suspension features by way of a MacPherson strut
type with stabilizer and strut bar up front, and a MacPherson rear setup with
parallel lower arms.
Body design
• The Toyota Camry's body design combines elements of modernity, sportiness, and
sophistication, appealing to a wide range of drivers looking for a reliable and stylish
sedan.
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What are the customers demand for passenger vehicle ?
Customer demands for passenger vehicles can vary based on factors such as region, economic
conditions, technological advancements, and shifting trends. However, several overarching
trends and demands are prevalent in the passenger vehicle market.
1. Fuel Efficiency:- With rising fuel costs and increasing environmental awareness, there is
a significant demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. This includes traditional gasoline
engines, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and electric vehicles.
2. Safety Features:- Customers prioritize safety features such as adaptive cruise control,
automatic emergency braking, lane-keeping assist, blind-spot monitoring, and advanced
airbag systems. Top safety ratings from organizations like the IIHS (Insurance Institute
for Highway Safety) and NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) are also
essential.
3. Advanced Technology:- Connectivity features such as Apple CarPlay, Android Auto,
Bluetooth, and in-car Wi-Fi are in high demand. Customers also seek advanced
infotainment systems, intuitive touchscreens, voice recognition, and driver-assist
technologies like parking assistance and semi-autonomous driving capabilities.
4. Comfort and Convenience:- Comfortable features like adjustable seating, climate
control, heated seats, and premium audio systems are important to customers.
Convenience features such as keyless entry, hands-free liftgate, and wireless phone
charging are also popular.
5. Versatility and Storage:- Customers often look for versatile vehicles with ample cargo
space, especially in SUVs and crossovers. Fold-flat seats, adjustable cargo areas, and
roof racks add to a vehicle's appeal.
6. Design and Style:- Exterior design and styling play a significant role in customer choice.
Sleek, modern, and aesthetically pleasing vehicles tend to attract more buyers. Interior
design with quality materials, ergonomic layouts, and attractive aesthetics is also crucial.
7. Environmentally Friendly Options:- There is a growing demand for environmentally
friendly vehicles, including hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and fully electric vehicles. Customers
are increasingly concerned about reducing carbon footprints and emissions.
8. Brand Reputation and Reliability:- Brand reputation for reliability and durability is a
significant factor. Customers often look for brands known for quality, longevity, and
good resale value.
9. Affordability and Value:- Price point and overall value for money are essential
considerations. Customers seek vehicles that offer a good balance of features, quality,
and affordability.
10. Autonomous Driving Features:- While still developing, the demand for autonomous
driving features is growing. Customers are interested in features like adaptive cruise
control, lane-keeping assistance, and eventually fully autonomous driving capabilities.
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• According to personal experience the best passenger vehicle is Toyota
RAV4 SUV .
• The Toyota RAV4 is equipped with a range of safety features, ergonomic
design elements, high-quality materials, and various add-ons to enhance
comfort and convenience. Here's a breakdown of some of these aspects
Safety Features
1. Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 (TSS 2.0):-
• Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection:- Uses camera and radar to detect
pedestrians and vehicles ahead.
• Lane Departure Alert with Steering Assist:- Alerts the driver if the vehicle starts to drift
out of its lane and can provide gentle steering assistance.
• Lane Tracing Assist:- Helps keep the vehicle centered in its lane.
• Road Sign Assist:- Can recognize certain road signs and display them on the instrument
panel. Full-Speed Dynamic Radar Cruise Control: Adjusts speed to maintain a preset
distance from the vehicle ahead.
2. Star Safety System:- Includes features like Enhanced Vehicle Stability Control, Traction
Control, Anti-lock Brake System, Electronic Brake-force Distribution, Brake Assist, and
Smart Stop Technology.
3. Blind Spot Monitor with Rear Cross-Traffic Alert:- Alerts the driver to vehicles in blind
spots and approaching vehicles when reversing.
4. Eight Airbags:- Includes front, seat-mounted side, driver knee, front passenger seat-
cushion, and side curtain airbags.
5. Toyota Care:- Complimentary maintenance and roadside assistance plan for the first
two years or 25,000 miles.
Ergonomics and Interior Design
1. Driver-Centric Cockpit:- The RAV4 features a driver-centric design with controls positioned for
easy reach and intuitive use.
2. Adjustable Seating:- The seats are designed for comfort and support, and the driver's seat is
often power-adjustable in higher trims.
3. Cargo Space and Versatility:- The RAV4 offers ample cargo space, and the rear seats can often
be folded down to create more room for larger items.
4. Multi-Information Display (MID):- Provides important vehicle information such as fuel
economy, trip distance, and tire pressure.
5. Dual-Zone Climate Control:- Allows the driver and front passenger to set their preferred
temperatures independently.
Materials and Build Quality
1. Soft-Touch Materials:- Depending on the trim level, the RAV4 may have soft-touch materials on
the dashboard and door panels, enhancing the interior's upscale feel.
2. Available Leather Upholstery:- Higher trim levels often offer leather-trimmed seats for added
luxury.
3. Durable Materials:- Toyota typically uses durable and long-lasting materials throughout the
interior to ensure longevity and ease of maintenance.
Car Add-Ons and Accessories
1. Entertainment and Connectivity:- Apple CarPlay and Android Auto compatibility for seamless
smartphone integration. Available JBL premium audio system for high-quality sound.
2. Convenience Features:- Power liftgate with programmable height settings for easy access to the
cargo area. Keyless entry with push-button start for added convenience.
3. All-Wheel Drive (AWD) System:- The RAV4 offers an AWD system for improved traction and
stability, especially in challenging road conditions.
4. Panoramic Sunroof:- Available panoramic sunroof to let in natural light and enhance the feeling
of openness in the cabin.
5. Tow Hitch Receiver:- Optional tow hitch receiver for towing capabilities, allowing the RAV4 to
tow trailers or small campers.
Engine
• Engine Type: 2.5-liter Dynamic Force 4-Cylinder
• Horsepower: Approximately 203 horsepower
• Torque: Approximately 184 lb-ft of torque
Transmission
• The 8-speed automatic offers smooth and responsive shifting for efficient performance.
• The AWD system is designed to enhance traction and stability in various driving conditions.
• The AWD system works in conjunction with the respective transmissions.
• The eCVT in the RAV4 Hybrid is optimized for efficiency and smooth power delivery, especially in
urban driving and stop-and-go traffic.
Suspension system
• The front suspension of the RAV4 typically features an independent MacPherson strut setup.
• MacPherson struts are common in many modern vehicles, providing a good balance of comfort and
handling.
• The rear suspension often consists of a multi-link setup.
• Multi-link suspensions are known for their ability to provide good handling characteristics while also
maintaining ride comfort.
• The suspension tuning can vary based on the trim level and model variant.
• Some trims, like the Adventure or TRD Off-Road, may have a slightly different suspension setup tuned
for off-road performance and rugged terrain.
• Toyota aims to provide a comfortable ride in the RAV4, making it suitable for daily commuting and
longer trips.
• The suspension is designed to absorb bumps and imperfections in the road while providing a stable
and controlled feel.
Body design
• the design of the RAV4 aims to blend ruggedness with modern styling cues, appealing to buyers seeking both
adventure and everyday practicality.
• Its body design reflects its versatility, whether it's used for urban commuting, weekend getaways, or light off-
road adventures.
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According to my personal point of view and users of community the best
budget-oriented vehicle is MARUTI SUZUKI ALTO 800.
• Customers looking for budget-oriented vehicles often prioritize several key factors when
making their purchase decisions. These factors reflect a balance between affordability
and value for money. Here are some common customer demands for budget-oriented
vehicles.
Affordability
1. Low Purchase Price:- Customers seek vehicles with an affordable upfront cost that fits
within their budget constraints.
2. Low Monthly Payments:- Many buyers are concerned with financing options that result
in manageable monthly payments.
3. Good Value for Money:- Customers want a vehicle that offers a lot of features and
quality for the price paid.
Fuel Efficiency
1. Low Operating Costs:- Fuel-efficient vehicles are highly desirable, as they help save
money on gas over the long term.
2. Environmentally Friendly:- Some customers are interested in reducing their carbon
footprint, making fuel efficiency an important factor.
Reliability and Durability
1. Low Maintenance Costs:- Customers look for vehicles that are known for reliability and
have lower maintenance and repair costs.
2. Longevity:- Buyers want a vehicle that will last for many years without significant issues,
reducing the need for frequent replacement.
Safety Features
1. Standard Safety Equipment:- Even budget-oriented buyers want essential safety
features like airbags, stability control, and anti-lock brakes.
2. Advanced Safety Technologies:- Increasingly, customers are looking for vehicles with
advanced safety features like automatic emergency braking and lane-keeping assist.
Practicality and Utility
1. Cargo Space:- Customers often need ample cargo space for groceries, sports equipment,
or other everyday items.
2. Interior Comfort:- Comfortable seats, good ergonomics, and a well-designed interior are
important, especially for longer drives.
3. Versatility:- Customers appreciate vehicles with flexible seating arrangements or fold-
flat seats for added utility.
Technology and Connectivity
1. Infotainment:- Even budget-oriented customers seek modern infotainment systems
with Bluetooth, USB ports, and smartphone integration.
2. Driver-Assist Features:- Basic driver-assist technologies like rearview cameras are
becoming expected even in budget-friendly vehicles.
Style and Design
1. Modern Styling:- Aesthetics still matter, with customers preferring vehicles that have a
modern and attractive design.
2. Personalization:- Options for different exterior colors and interior trims allow buyers to
customize their vehicle to some extent.
Warranty and After-Sales Support
1. Warranty Coverage:- A good warranty is attractive for budget-oriented buyers,
providing peace of mind against unexpected repairs.
2. Dealer Service:- Customers value easy access to service centers and helpful customer
service from the manufacturer or dealer.
Engine
❖ Engine Type:- 0.8-liter, 3-cylinder petrol engine
❖ Maximum Power:- Approximately 48 horsepower @ 6,000 rpm
❖ Maximum Torque:- Approximately 69 Nm @ 3,500 rpm
❖ Fuel Efficiency:- Approximately 22-24 km/l (petrol)
Transmission
❖ 5-speed manual transmission or 5-speed automated manual transmission (AMT).
❖ The 5-speed manual offers a traditional shifting experience, while the AMT provides the
convenience of automatic shifting without the clutch pedal.
Suspension system
Front Suspension
❖ Type: McPherson Strut with Coil Spring.
❖ The front suspension system of the Alto 800 typically features a McPherson Strut setup, which is
common in compact cars for its simplicity and efficiency.
❖ The coil springs help absorb bumps and provide a comfortable ride.
Rear Suspension
❖ Type: 3-Link Rigid Axle with Coil Spring
❖ The rear suspension usually consists of a 3-link rigid axle setup with coil springs.
❖ This setup is designed to offer stability and comfort, especially on uneven road surfaces.
Suspension Tuning
❖ The Alto 800's suspension is tuned to prioritize comfort over sporty handling.
❖ The setup is optimized for city driving conditions, providing a smooth and stable ride .
Body Desing
❖ Aerodynamic Shape:- The Alto 800 has an aerodynamically shaped body to reduce drag and improve
fuel efficiency.
❖ Body-Colored Door Handles:- Some variants come with body-colored door handles for a cohesive
look.
❖ Standard Steel Wheels:- Basic trims usually come with steel wheels with wheel covers.
❖ The Alto 800 typically offers good ground clearance, making it suitable for navigating speed breakers
and rough roads commonly found in urban areas.
❖ Ground clearance varies slightly depending on the trim level and variant, but it's generally around
160-170 mm.
❖ The Maruti Suzuki Alto 800, a popular budget-friendly car, comes equipped
with various safety features, ergonomic design elements, materials, and car
add-ons aimed at providing comfort, convenience, and safety. Here's a
breakdown of these aspects.
Safety Features
1. Dual Front Airbags:-The Alto 800 often comes with dual front airbags for the driver and
front passenger, providing added protection in case of a collision.
2. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS):-ABS helps prevent the wheels from locking up during
hard braking, improving control and reducing the risk of skidding.
3. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD):-EBD optimizes braking force to each wheel,
enhancing stability and control during braking.
4. Reverse Parking Sensors:-Some variants may feature reverse parking sensors to assist in
parking maneuvers, providing audible alerts when nearing obstacles.
5. Seat Belts with Pretensioners:-Seat belts with pretensioners retract slightly during
sudden braking, reducing slack and securing occupants firmly in place.
6. Child Safety Locks:-Rear doors often come with child safety locks to prevent accidental
opening from inside the vehicle.
Ergonomics and Interior Design
1. Adjustable Front Seats:-The Alto 800 typically offers adjustable front seats, allowing
drivers to find a comfortable driving position.
2. Spacious Cabin:-Despite its compact size, the Alto 800 is designed to offer a spacious
cabin with ample headroom and legroom for occupants.
3. Intuitive Dashboard Layout:-The dashboard is often designed for easy reach, with
straightforward controls and instrumentation for the driver.
4. Storage Compartments:-There are usually several storage compartments throughout
the cabin, providing convenient places to store small items.
Materials and Build Quality
1. High-Strength Steel Construction:-The body structure of the Alto 800 is often built with
high-strength steel, enhancing safety and rigidity.
2. Durable Interior Materials:-The interior materials are chosen for durability, ease of
maintenance, and resistance to wear over time.
3. Comfortable Upholstery:-Seats are typically upholstered with comfortable and easy-to-
clean fabric, providing a pleasant driving experience.
Car Add-Ons and Accessories
1. Infotainment System:-Some variants of the Alto 800 may come with an infotainment
system featuring a touchscreen display, Bluetooth connectivity, and USB ports.
2. Power Windows:-Power windows are often available for added convenience, allowing
easy operation of windows for all occupants.
3. Central Locking System:-Central locking with remote keyless entry is a common feature,
providing security and convenience.
4. Fog Lamps:-Fog lamps may be available in higher variants, improving visibility during
adverse weather conditions.
5. Body-Colored Bumpers and Door Handles:-Higher trims may feature body-colored
bumpers and door handles, enhancing the exterior appearance.
6. Alloy Wheels:-Some variants offer alloy wheels for a more premium look and improved
handling.
7. Roof Rails:-Roof rails may be available as an add-on for carrying additional cargo, such
as luggage or bicycles.
8. Chrome Accents:-Chrome accents on the front grille or door handles can add a touch of
elegance to the exterior.
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Target Market and Socioeconomic Status
❖ Toyota Camry
1. Target Market:- Middle to upper-middle-class families and professionals seeking a
reliable and comfortable sedan.
2. Socioeconomic Status:- Typically appeals to individuals with higher income levels,
professionals, and families in the middle to upper-middle-class strata.
❖ Toyota RAV4
1. Target Market:- Young families, active lifestyle individuals, and professionals looking for
a versatile and spacious SUV.
2. Socioeconomic Status:- Appeals to middle-class families, professionals, and individuals
with a moderately higher income level.
❖ Maruti Suzuki Alto 800
1. Target Market:- Budget-conscious buyers, first-time car buyers, students, and
commuters seeking an affordable and practical compact sedan.
2. Socioeconomic Status:- Attracts individuals from lower to middle-class segments,
including students, young professionals, and those looking for reliable transportation on
a budget.
Analysis of Vehicle Specifications and Customer Demands
1. Safety Features:- All selected vehicles offer a range of safety features, catering to
customers' demands for advanced safety technologies, such as automatic emergency
braking, lane-keeping assist, and multiple airbags.
2. Ergonomics and Materials:- Each vehicle provides comfortable seating, user-friendly
controls, and quality materials, meeting customers' expectations for comfort and ease
of use.
3. Car Add-Ons:- Add-ons like infotainment systems, connectivity features, and
convenience options align with customer demands for modern tech and convenience.
4. Technical Parameters:- The engines, transmissions, and suspension systems are
designed to provide a balance of performance, fuel efficiency, and comfort, meeting
varying customer preferences.
5. Body Design:- The body designs of the vehicles cater to different customer preferences,
from the sleek and modern SUV to the practical and efficient, meeting diverse style and
utility demands.
6. Target Market and Socioeconomic Status:- The vehicles' target markets and
socioeconomic status align with their features and pricing, demonstrating how
manufacturers tailor vehicles to appeal to specific customer segments.
In conclusion,
vehicle specifications are developed based on thorough market research to meet customer
demands and requirements. Manufacturers consider safety, comfort, technology, affordability,
and style to create vehicles that cater to various segments of the market, from budget-oriented
buyers to families and professionals. The features, materials, and technical specifications are
carefully chosen to align with the needs and preferences of the target customers, as
demonstrated by the Toyota Camry, Toyota RAV4, and Maruti Suzuki ALTO 800.
