FUNDAMENTAL MATHEMATICS UNIT 2 SAMPLE EXAM PAPER 5

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

Concentration of Salt (gm per 100 cube cm) in samples of liquid in three different batches

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A Distribution B is approximately symmetric with an outlier.

B Distribution A is negatively skewed with outliers

C Distribution C is negatively skewed with outliers.

D Distributions A and C have the same range.

Question 2

From Question 1, the variable concentration of salt (in gm per 100 cube cm) is

A Categorical - Ordinal

B Numerical-Discrete

C Categorical-Continuous

D Numerical-Continuous
Question 3

Regression analysis was applied to return rates of sparrow hawk colonies. Regression analysis was

used to study the relationship between return rate (x: % of birds that return to the colony in a given

year) and immigration rate (y: % of new adults that join the colony per year). The following

regression equation was obtained:

y = 31.9 – 0.34x

Based on the above estimated regression equation, if the return rate were to decrease by 10% the

rate of immigration to the colony would:

A increase by 34%

B increase by 3.4%

C decrease by 0.34%

D decrease by 3.4%

Question 4

A transformation is to be applied to one of the variables in Question 3 above, so that a more

appropriate non-linear can be found for the data. The following outcomes of the transformation should
be considered, to deem the model more appropriate EXCEPT

A The 𝑟 2 value of the transformed data should be higher than that of the original data

B The scatter plot of the transformed data should be straightened

C The values of a and b (the coefficients) of the regression should increase

D The residual plot of the transformed model should have data points more randomly distributed
about the horizontal axis.

Question 5

A gym runs two fitness classes, spinning and circuits. On Saturday, 100 people visited the gym. 18
people attended the spinning class. 10 people attended both classes. 56 people did not attend either
class. The probability that a person chosen at random attended circuits but not spinning is

A. 0.26
B. 0.36
C. 0.08
D. 0.18
Question 6

The table below show the monthly cost ($000) of a business operation over 8 months.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug

23 45 15 85 31 47 18 90

A 4-point moving mean is used to smooth the cost data. The moving mean ($000) centred at June is

A. 45.375

B. 46.275

C. 45.875

D. 45.575
Section B: Problem Based
Question 1

100 job positions specified age requirements in their advertisements. The following table shows the
distribution of the age requirements for those jobs.

Number of Jobs Available by Age

Age 16–25 26–35 36–45 46–55 56–65

Frequency 20 31 15 9

a. Complete the frequency table above with the missing frequency figure if the histogram of the
distribution is given below: (1 mark)

Jobs by Age
32

28

24

20
Number of Jobs

16

12

16–25 26–35 36–45 46–55 56–65

Age of
Ages required
Employees

b. Write down the modal class.

(1 mark)

c. Describe the shape of the distribution.

(1 mark)
Employees who are above 55 years old may only be offered short-termed employment contracts.

d. What percentage of the applicants are likely to be offered such contracts?

(2 marks)

Question 2

The following stem plot shows the distribution of the scores of job applicants in an aptitude test for a
vacant position.

Stems Leaves

4 36

5 29

6 477

7 00113336

9 8

Key: 6|3 means 63

a. Calculate:

(i) the five-figure summary. (2 marks)

(ii) the Interquartile range (IQR). (1 mark)

b. Are there any outliers? Justify your answer with appropriate working.

(3 marks)

c. Carefully construct a scaled boxplot in the space provided below to represent the distribution
of the scores obtained by the 16 applicants.

(3 marks)

d. The applicants with the lowest 25% of the scores will not be called for an interview. What
should the maximum level of achievement be for an applicant to still fall into this category?

(1 mark)

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e. For another position in the same company, the scores of all applicants for the position were
approximately normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 8. The
performance records of these applicants were extracted. The table below shows the scores of
three (3) applicants.

Applicant Test Score (%) Z-score

Andrew 82

Bertha -2.5

Cliff 62 -1
(i) Calculate the missing values and fill in the blanks.
(1+1=2 marks)

(ii) Whose performance was the most extreme? Justify your answer. (2 marks)

(iii) The percentage of applicants who were better than Andrew is somewhere…(tick the
most accurate answer) (1 mark)

Below 2.5%

Above 16%

Between 2.5% and 16%

Question 3

The 16 applicants were found to have graduated from two different degree courses. The back to back
stem plot below shows the distributions of their overall CGPA scores of their degree courses.

a. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation CGPA for each of the two courses. (4 marks)

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b. Which of the two distributions has a greater variability? Explain. (2 marks)

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Question 4

11 applicants who were selected for employment in the sales department produced the following data.
It is believed that their actual job performance (measured out of 200 points) may be explained their
aptitude test score (out of 100 points) during their job application.

Table below shows the scores

The scatter plot beside also shows how the two variables may relate.

Aptitude Test Actual Performance

Actual Performance
65 175

67 133

71 185

71 163

66 126

75 198

67 153
Aptitude Test Score
70 163

71 159

69 151

69 159

a. One of the points on the scatter plot may appear to be an outlier. Identify the point

(1 mark)

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b. (i) Use your calculator to find the coefficient of determination, correct to 4 decimal places.
Interpret the value. (2 marks)

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 (ii) What approximate percentage of the variation in the actual performance is explained linearly by
the aptitude test score? Give your answer to the nearest whole number. (1 mark)

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c. Use your calculator to find the least squares regression line that best fits the data in the form
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 × 𝐴𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒, leaving values of a and b correct to two decimal places.

(2 marks)

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d. Use the least squares regression equation to predict the actual performance, to the nearest
whole number, if the aptitude test score for an employee were to be (2 marks)

(i) 72

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(ii) 80

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e. Describe the type of prediction made in part d (ii) above and comment its reliability.

(2 marks)

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f. Determine the residual value for the actual performance prediction that can be made for the
employee who scored 70 on the aptitude test. (2 marks)

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g. A transformation to the data is considered so that a non-linear model can be constructed for
the data. The non-linear model comes in the form 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 × 𝐴𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒.
The outlier data is removed and the transformation on y is carried out. Diagnostic statistics
show that this is a slightly better model. The value of the 𝑟 2 is 0.84 (correct to two decimal
places) after the transformation.

Interpret this value. (1 mark)

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h. Find the equation of this model, stating the values of a and b correct to two decimal places.
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(2 marks)
2
i. 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 × 𝐴𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 is a better model. We should expect the residual plot
for this model to ……………………….. (1 mark)

Be more randomly dispersed

Have a parabolic pattern
(Tick the right answer. You are not required to plot the residuals on your calculator)

j. Using the model above, predict the actual performance, to the nearest whole number, if the
aptitude test score for an employee were to be 72. (2 marks)
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Question 5

The total number of sales closed by the sales team in the firm has the following quarterly distributions
over 5 years.

Total Number of Sales Closed

Year Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

2016 48 58 57 65

2017 50 61 59 68

2018 52 62 59 69

2019 52 64 60 73

2020 53 65 60 75

a. If mean smoothing is applied, find the 4-quarter moving mean centred at Quarter 3 of 2016.
(2 marks)
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b. The yearly average number of closed sales per quarter has been recorded for each of the
years, except 2019. Complete the table below. (1 mark)

Year Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Average

2016 48 58 57 65 57
2017 50 61 59 68 59.5
2018 52 62 59 69 60.5
2019 52 64 60 73
2020 53 65 60 75 63.25

c. The quarterly proportions to the averages were found and the final seasonal indices were
calculated and reported correct to 3 decimal places. The seasonal index for Quarter 3 is
missing in the table below.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Seasonal
Index 0.843 1.025 1.156
 Calculate the seasonal index for Q3. (1 mark)

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d. The deseasonalised numbers of sales were computed for the whole series correct to the
nearest whole number and the following table resulted.

Deseasonalised Number of Sales (nearest whole number)

Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter

Year 1 2 3 4

2016 57 57 58 56

2017 59 60 60 59

2018 62 61 60 60

2019 62 62 61 63

2020 63 63 61 65

Find the least squares regression trend line based on the deseasonalised data above. Report the
coefficients correct to 3 decimal places. (2 marks)

(Report the equation in the form Deseasonalised Number of Sales = a + b Quarter)

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e. Hence, predict the actual number of sales for Quarter 3 of 2021 correct to the nearest whole
number (3 marks)

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Question 6

During last year’s team building programme for all executives in the firm, a couple of physical
activities were carried out. The contingency table below the number of executives who stretched (or
did not) before exercising and the number of injures reported.

Injured Not injured Total

Stretched 55 295 350

Did not stretch 231 219 450

Total 286 514 800

a. Draw a Venn diagram of probabilities for the data. Report all probabilities correct to 2 decimal
places. (3 marks)

b. Find the probability that an executive who stretched had no injuries, correct to two decimal places.
(2 marks)

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c. Find the probability that an executive had either stretched or not injured but not both? (2 marks)

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d. In the same team building programme, a game was played by the executives, where two balls were
picked by each one of them at random from a bag that contains 4 red balls and 5 blue balls.

Shawn, an executive, selected 2 balls at random, and the following tree diagram resulted.

(i) Were the selections done with or without replacement? Justify your answer. (2 marks)

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(ii) What was Shawn’s probability of getting a red with the second selection? (2 marks)

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(iii) Hence, calculate Pr⁡(𝑅1 ⋮ 𝑅2 ) and Pr⁡(𝐵1 ⋮ 𝑅2 ). Compare the two results and explain why
one is higher than the other?
(3 marks)

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