Perth Modern School
End of Year Examination, 2012
Question/Answer Booklet
MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
SOLUTIONS
Section Two:
Calculator-assumed
Student Number: In figures
In words ______________________________________
Your name ______________________________________
Time allowed for this section
Reading time before commencing work: ten minutes
Working time for this section: one hundred minutes
Materials required/recommended for this section
To be provided by the supervisor
This Question/Answer Booklet
Formula Sheet (retained from Section One)
To be provided by the candidate
Standard items: pens, pencils, pencil sharpener, eraser, correction fluid/tape, ruler, highlighters
Special items: drawing instruments, templates, notes on two unfolded sheets of A4 paper,
and up to three calculators satisfying the conditions set by the Curriculum
Council for this examination.
Important note to candidates
No other items may be used in this section of the examination. It is your responsibility to ensure
that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the
examination room. If you have any unauthorised material with you, hand it to the supervisor
before reading any further.
MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 2 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Structure of this paper
Number of Number of
Working time Marks Percentage
Section questions questions to
(minutes) available of exam
available be answered
Section One:
7 7 50 50 33
Calculator-free
Section Two:
Calculator- 13 13 100 100 67
assumed
Total 150 100
Instructions to candidates
1. The rules for the conduct of Western Australian external examinations are detailed in the
Year 12 Information Handbook 2012. Sitting this examination implies that you agree to
abide by these rules.
2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question/Answer Booklet. Spare pages
are included at the end of this booklet. They can be used for planning your responses
and/or as additional space if required to continue an answer.
Planning: If you use the spare pages for planning, indicate this clearly at the top of the
page.
Continuing an answer: If you need to use the space to continue an answer, indicate in
the original answer space where the answer is continued, i.e. give the page number.
Fill in the number of the question(s) that you are continuing to answer at the top of the
page.
3. Show all your working clearly. Your working should be in sufficient detail to allow your
answers to be checked readily and for marks to be awarded for reasoning. Incorrect
answers given without supporting reasoning cannot be allocated any marks. For any
question or part question worth more than two marks, valid working or justification is
required to receive full marks. If you repeat an answer to any question, ensure that you
cancel the answer you do not wish to have marked.
4. It is recommended that you do not use pencil, except in diagrams.
See next page
CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 3 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
Section Two: Calculator-assumed (100 Marks)
This section has thirteen (13) questions. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
Working time for this section is 100 minutes.
Question 8 (5 marks)
(a) The curve is translated 1 unit in the direction of the positive -axis followed by a
dilation in the direction of the positive -axis by a factor of 3. State the exact coordinates
of the -intercept of the transformed curve. (2 marks)
(b) State a sequence of transformations that would transform the graph of into the
graph of . (3 marks)
Translate 1 unit right.
Dilate in the direction of the positive -axis by a factor of 2.
Reflect in the -axis.
Translate 2 units up.
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 4 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 9 (7 marks)
Atmospheric pressure, (kPa), decreases approximately exponentially with increasing height
(m), above sea level according to the relationship , where is a constant. Atmospheric
pressure at sea level is 101.3 kPa, and halves with every 5 800 m increase in height.
(a) Find the value of , rounded to four significant figures. (2 marks)
(b) Calculate the atmospheric pressure at the top of a mountain of height 3 785 m.
(2 marks)
(c) Use the increments formula to find the approximate change in pressure as a climber
descends 250 m from the top of a mountain of height 3 785 m. (3 marks)
(An increase in pressure)
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 5 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
Question 10 (9 marks)
(a) Even numbers are to be formed using some, or all, of the digits 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
(i) How many even numbers can be formed in this way, if repetition of digits is not
allowed? (3 marks)
1-digit:
2-digit:
3-digit:
4-digit:
5-digit:
Total = 130 even numbers
(ii) What fraction of the numbers in (i) start with a 9? (2 marks)
2-digit:
3-digit:
4-digit:
5-digit:
Fraction
(b) The journey time for a driver between two depots is normally distributed with mean of 55
minutes and standard deviation of 4.5 minutes.
(i) If the driver makes four journeys every day, for five days a week, and for 48 weeks
each year, how many of these journeys take less than an hour? (2 marks)
(ii) What is the probability that a journey takes at least an hour, given that it takes less
than 65 minutes? (2 marks)
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 6 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 11 (7 marks)
On the basis of the results obtained from a random sample of 81 bags produced by a mill, the
95% confidence interval for the mean weight of flour in a bag is found to be (514.56 g, 520.44 g).
(a) Find the value of , the mean weight of the sample. (1 mark)
(b) Find the value of , the standard deviation of the normal population from which the
sample is drawn. (2 marks)
(c) Calculate the 99% confidence interval for the mean weight of flour in a bag. (2 marks)
(d) Using the sample mean from (a) as the best estimate for the population mean, what is the
probability that the sample mean of a larger sample of 225 bags is less than 516 g?
(2 marks)
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 7 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
Question 12 (6 marks)
A body is moving in a straight line with velocity, m/s, given by , where is the
time, in seconds, since the body first passed through a fixed point P.
(a) Show that the body is stationary twice and find the distance travelled by the body between
these two instants. (3 marks)
(b) At what other time(s), if any, does the body again pass through the fixed point P?
(3 marks)
Hence after 4.724 and 9.526 seconds.
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 8 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 13 (12 marks)
(a) A pottery produces souvenir coffee mugs, of which it is known that 5% are defective.
(i) In a box of 24 mugs, what is the probability that there are at least 4 defectives?
(2 marks)
(ii) In a box of 12 mugs, what is the probability that there are no defectives? (1 mark)
(iii) What is the probability that in 10 boxes, each containing 12 mugs, that either two
or three of the boxes contain no defectives? (2 marks)
(iv) The pottery decides to pack mugs per box for wholesale clients, so that the
chance of there being at least one defective mug in a box is no more than 50%.
Find the largest value of . (2 marks)
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 9 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
(b) A worker at the pottery took 150 of the defective mugs, filled them with soil and then
planted four seeds in each. After 14 days, the number of seeds which germinated in each
of the mugs was noted, with these results:
Number of
0 1 2 3 4
germinating seeds
Number of mugs 1 9 16 57 67
(i) What is the mean number of seeds germinating per mug? (1 mark)
(ii) What is the probability of one seed germinating? (1 mark)
If is the random variable 'number of seeds germinating out of four',
then assume that . and so
(iii) Use an associated binomial distribution to calculate the theoretical frequency
distribution for the number of seeds germinating in the 150 mugs and comment on
how well your distribution models the observed results above. (3 marks)
Seeds 0 1 2 3 4
Expected 0 4 23 62 61
The theoretical results are a reasonably close match to the observed
results, suggesting that the binomial model is appropriate.
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 10 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 14 (6 marks)
A spherical snowball is melting at a rate of 18 litres per hour.
At the instant the volume of the snowball is 4 000 cm3, calculate
(a) the rate of change of radius of the snowball, in cm per minute. (4 marks)
(b) the rate at which the surface area of the snowball is decreasing, in cm2 per minute.
(2 marks)
Decreasing at 60.9 cm2 per minute.
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 11 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
Question 15 (9 marks)
At the end of a technology course, all students sat a practical and a theory examination, with
20% achieving a distinction in the practical examination, 3% of students achieving distinctions in
both examinations and 76% achieving no distinction in either examination.
(a) What is the probability that a student chosen at random from the course achieved a
distinction in the theory examination? (4 marks)
(b) Are the events 'achieving a distinction in the practical examination' and 'achieving a
distinction in the theory examination' independent? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
No. From above it can be seen that
.
(c) In a group of 14 students who took the course, three achieved a distinction in the practical
examination. If five students are selected at random from this group, what is the probability
that at least two of them achieved a distinction in the practical examination? (3 marks)
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 12 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 16 (10 marks)
The feasible region of a linear programming problem is shown below.
The objective function is .
(a) Determine the inequality satisfied by and that corresponds to the edge AB of the
feasible region. (2 marks)
(b) Determine the maximum value of in the feasible region. (1 mark)
(c) Determine the minimum value of in the feasible region. (2 marks)
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 13 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
(d) The objective function is changed to .
What is the minimum possible value of the constant , given that the minimum value of
still occurs at the same corner point? (3 marks)
(e) An additional constraint is imposed. How does this additional constraint affect
the minimum value of Q in the feasible region? (2 marks)
No change in since at C(30, 15),
where the minimum occurs,
which satisfies the new constraint.
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 14 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 17 (5 marks)
In the diagram, is a right-angled triangle with and is the midpoint of .
is the point where the perpendicular to at meets .
(a) Prove that . (2 marks)
(given, M is midpoint)
(common side)
(both right-angles)
(RHS)
(b) If bisects , show that the ratio of the areas of is . (3 marks)
and is common side
(ASA)
(from (a)) and so
area of , or ratio of areas
is .
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 15 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
Question 18 (5 marks)
A continuous random variable has probability distribution function , .
(a) Calculate
(i) . (1 mark)
(ii) . (2 marks)
(b) If , find the value of . (2 marks)
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 16 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 19 (10 marks)
Let and , where and are integers.
(a) Evaluate and when and . (1 mark)
(b) The parity of an object states whether it is even or odd. Complete these tables for the
parity of the product and difference of odd and even numbers.
(2 marks)
odd even odd even
odd odd even odd even odd
even even EVEN even ODD EVEN
(c) Examine the parity of and for various values of and , and hence state a
conjecture about the parity of when is even. (3 marks)
x y A B
1 2 8 3
1 3 13 4
1 4 18 5
2 2 15 4
2 3 25 5
2 4 35 6
3 2 20 5
3 3 35 6
3 4 50 7
When A is even, B is always odd.
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CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 17 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
(d) Prove the conjecture in (c). (4 marks)
If is even, then since 3 is odd, must also be odd.
If is odd, then both and must be odd.
Hence is odd.
If is odd, but is odd, then must be even.
Since 5 is odd, then must be even.
Since is odd and is even then , will always be odd.
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MATHEMATICS 3C/3D 18 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED
Question 20 (9 marks)
(a) A function is such that .
(i) State the -coordinate of the minimum of . (2 marks)
(ii) Justify that has a point of inflection when . (2 marks)
(iii) Find . (2 marks)
(b) A function has the properties , and .
If , find . (3 marks)
End of questions
CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 19 MATHEMATICS 3C/3D
Additional working space
Question number: _________
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