Note:- You have to prepare a google drive sheet name it as Javascript

interview questions keep all theoretical points as question answer form

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https://shorturl.at/sMS17
Array Manipulators All
Generators Iterators
Sequelize intro
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Array Manipulators
=========================================================

01. map():-
- This function is used to manipulate each and every
element in array
- it returns an array
//Eg01
let arr1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
//multiply each element by 2
console.log(arr1.map((element, index) => {
return element * 2
}))

//Eg02
let arr2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
//o/p ['$1','$2','$3','$4','$5']
console.log(arr2.map((element, index) => {
return '$' + element
}))

//Eg03
let arr31 = [1, 2, 3]
let arr32 = ['one', 'two', 'three']
//o/p [ [ 1, 'one' ], [ 2, 'two' ], [ 3, 'three' ] ]
console.log(arr31.map((element, index) => {
return [element, arr32[index]]
}))

02. filter():-
- this function creates array based on condition
//Eg01
let arr1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
//create an array with elements greater than 30
console.log(arr1.filter((element, index) => {
return element > 30
}))

//Eg02
let arr2 = [10, 100, 20, 200, 30, 300, 40, 400, 50, 500]
//create array with elements greater than or equal to 100
console.log(arr2.filter((element, index) => {
return element >= 100
}))
//Eg03
let arr3 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
//o/p [300,400,500]
console.log(arr3.filter((element, index) => {
return element > 20
}).map((element, index) => {
return element * 10
}))

03. reduce() left to right 0 -> 1

04. reduceRight() right to left 0 <- 1
//Eg01
let arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
console.log(arr1.reduce((fv, nv) => {
return fv + nv
}))
console.log(arr1.reduceRight((fv, nv) => {
return fv + nv
}))

//Eg02
let arr2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, `5`]
console.log(arr2.reduce((fv, nv) => {
return fv + nv
}))
console.log(arr2.reduceRight((fv, nv) => {
return fv + nv
}))

//Eg03
let arr3 = [`1`, 2, 3, 4, 5]
console.log(arr3.reduce((fv, nv) => {
return fv + nv
}))
console.log(arr3.reduceRight((fv, nv) => {
return fv + nv
}))

05. forEach
06. for...of
07. for...in
08. push():- add element at end, returns new length of array
09. unshift():- add element at beginning, returns new length of array
10. pop():- remove element from end, returns removed element
11. shift():- remove element from beginning, returns removed
element
let arr = [20, 30, 40]
console.log(arr) //[ 20, 30, 40 ]
console.log(arr.push(50)) //4
console.log(arr) //[ 20, 30, 40, 50 ]
console.log(arr.unshift(10))//5
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ]
console.log(arr.pop()) //50
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, 30, 40 ]
console.log(arr.shift()) //10
console.log(arr) //[ 20, 30, 40 ]

12. some():- if any one element in the array satisfies the condition
then it will return true, otherwise false.
13. every():- if all elements in the array satisfy the condition then it
will return true, otherwise false.
let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
console.log(arr.some((element, index) => {
return element > 10
})) //true
console.log(arr.every((element, index) => {
return element > 10
})) //false
console.log(arr.some((element, index) => {
return element > 50
})) //false
console.log(arr.every((element, index) => {
return element <= 50
})) //true

14. find() :-
- this function is used to find an element in array
- if element found it will return the same element
- if an element is not found it will return undefined.
15. includes() :-
- it is boolean function used to check element is present in
array or not
let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
console.log(arr.find((element, index) => {
return element == `30`
})) //30
console.log(arr.find((element, index) => {
return element === `30`
})) //undefined
console.log(arr.includes(30)) //true
console.log(arr.includes('30')) //false

16. splice() -> swiss army knife for arrays

https://javascript.info/array-methods
let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
arr.splice(5, 2) //from index 5 delete TWO elements
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 80, 90, 100]
//delete 80
arr.splice(5, 1)
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 90, 100]
//delete 100
//arr.splice(6, 1)
arr.splice(-1, 1)
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 90 ]
arr.splice(2, 2)
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, 50, 90 ]
//before 90 add 60, 70, 80
arr.splice(3, 0, 60, 70, 80)
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
//delete 50 and add 30, 40, 50
arr.splice(2, 1, 30, 40, 50)
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
//add 100 at end
arr.splice(9, 0, 100)
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]

17. findIndex():-
- it is used to find index of particular element
let arr = [10, 100, 20, 200, 30, 300, 40, 400, 50, 500]
let idx = arr.findIndex((element, index) => {
return element == 30
})
console.log(idx) //4
console.log(arr) //[10, 100, 20, 200, 30, 300, 40, 400, 50, 500]
arr.splice(idx, 1)
console.log(arr) //[10, 100, 20, 200, 300, 40, 400, 50, 500]
key = 40
arr.splice(arr.findIndex((element, index) => {
return element == key
}), 1)
console.log(arr) //[10, 100, 20, 200, 300, 400, 50, 500]
let arr2 = [
{ p_id: 111 },
{ p_id: 1111 },
{ p_id: 222 },
{ p_id: 333 }
]
console.log(arr2)
arr2.splice(arr2.findIndex((element, index) => {
return element.p_id == 1111
}), 1)
console.log(arr2)

18. slice():-
let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
//in slice first include last exclude
//-ve indices supported
console.log(arr) //[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
console.log(arr.slice(5, 7)) //[ 60, 70 ]
console.log(arr.slice(3, 7)) //[ 40, 50, 60, 70 ]
console.log(arr.slice(5)) //[ 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 ]
console.log(arr.slice(5, -2)) //[ 60, 70, 80 ]
console.log(arr.slice(5,-5)) //[]

19. copyWithin()
let arr1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
//copy all elements at index 1
console.log(arr1.copyWithin(1)) //[10, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
90]
let arr2 = [10, 100, 20, 200, 30, 300, 40, 400, 50, 500]
console.log(arr2.copyWithin(5)) //[10, 100, 20, 200, 30, 10, 100, 20,
200, 30]
let arr3 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
//copy all elements from index 5 at index 2
console.log(arr3.copyWithin(2, 5)) //[10, 20, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 80, 90,
100]
let arr4 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
//copy all elements from index no 4 to 6 at index 2
console.log(arr4.copyWithin(2, 4, 6)) //[10, 20, 50, 60, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
100]

20. indexOf():- don't create index for duplicate elements

let arr = [10, 20, 30, 10, 40, 20, 40, 50]
arr.forEach((element, index) => {
console.log(element, index, arr.indexOf(element))
})
console.log(arr.filter((element, index) => {
return arr.indexOf(element) === index
})) //this code removes duplicates
//is there any other easy way to remove duplicates ?
let mySet =[ ...new Set(arr)]
console.log(mySet)

21. sort()
let arr = [10, 50, 20, 40, 30]
console.log(arr)
console.log(arr.sort((num1, num2) => {
return num1 - num2
})) //[ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ]
console.log(arr.sort((num1, num2) => {
return num2 - num1
})) //[ 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 ]

22. length
let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
console.log(arr)
console.log(arr.length) //5
console.log(arr[3])
console.log(arr[arr.length]) //?
arr.length = 3
console.log(arr[3])
console.log(arr.length)
console.log(arr)

23. delete() :- element deleted but memory not released

let arr = [10,20,30,40,50]
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ]
console.log(arr.length) //5
delete(arr[2])
console.log(arr.length) //5
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, <1 empty item>, 40, 50 ]
arr.length = 3
arr.length = 5
console.log(arr) //?

24. from() :- string to array

25. join() :- array to string
let str = 'Hello'
let arr = Array.from(str)
console.log(arr)
console.log(arr.join(""))

26. fill():- element replacement

let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
console.log(arr) //[ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ]
console.log(arr.fill(100)) //[ 100, 100, 100, 100, 100 ]
console.log(arr.fill(200, 2)) //[ 100, 100, 200, 200, 200 ]
console.log(arr.fill(300, 2, 4))//[ 100, 100, 300, 300, 200 ]

27. flat()
27. flat()
let arr = [1, [2], [3], [4, [5]]]
console.log(arr) //[ 1, [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4, [ 5 ] ] ]
console.log(arr.flat(1))
console.log(arr.flat(2))
//if we dont know level
let arr2 = [1,[[[[2]]]],[3],[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[4]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
console.log(arr2.flat(Infinity))

28. reduce()
29. flatMap() :- combination of flat() and map()
let arr1 = [1, 2, 3]
let arr2 = ['one', 'two', 'three']
console.log(arr1.map((element, index) => {
return [element, arr2[index]]
})) //[ [ 1, 'one' ], [ 2, 'two' ], [ 3, 'three' ] ]
console.log(arr1.flatMap((element, index) => {
return [element, arr2[index]]
})) //[ 1, 'one', 2, 'two', 3, 'three' ]

30. entries() :- object to array

31. fromEntries():- array to object

32. split()
let str = `Welcome to Javascript`
console.log(str.split()) //[ 'Welcome to Javascript' ]
console.log(str.split(" ")) //[ 'Welcome', 'to', 'Javascript' ]
let myStr = 'Mahabharat'
console.log(myStr.split('a')) //[ 'M', 'h', 'bh', 'r', 't' ]
console.log(myStr.split('a', 3))//[ 'M', 'h', 'bh' ]

33. lastIndexOf()
let arr = [10, 20, 10, 20, 30, 10]
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf(10)) //5
console.log(arr.lastIndexOf(20)) //3

34. concat()
let arr1 = [10]
let arr2 = [20]
let arr3 = [30]
let arr4 = arr1.concat(arr2, arr3)
console.log(arr4) //[ 10, 20, 30 ]

35. substr()
36. substring()

let str = `Welcome to Javascript`

//Welcome
console.log(str.substr(0, 7))
console.log(str.substring(0, 7))
//to
console.log(str.substr(8, 2))
console.log(str.substring(8, 10))
//Javascript
console.log(str.substr(11))
console.log(str.substring(11))

37. Trimming functions

let str = ` Welcome `
console.log(str.length) //9
console.log(str.trim().length) //7
console.log(str.trimStart().length) //8
console.log(str.trimEnd().length) //8

38. replace() :- This function is used for complete or partial

replacement of string
//Eg01
let str = 'School'
let res = str.replace('School','College')
console.log(str)
console.log(res)

//Eg02
let str = `This is my School`
let res = str.replace('School','College')
console.log(str)
console.log(res)

//Eg03
let str = "red green Red red Green Red"
let res = str.replace(/red/,"Yellow") //only first occurence
console.log(str) //red green Red red Green Red
console.log(res) //Yellow green Red red Green Red
res = str.replace(/red/g,"Yellow") //all occurences
console.log(res) //Yellow green Red Yellow Green Red
res = str.replace(/red/ig,"Yellow") //all occurences ignore case
console.log(res) //Yellow green Yellow Yellow Green
Yellow

39. search():- This function returns the index of first match string
returns -1 for unsuccessful search
let str = "Sound mind in sound body"
console.log(str)
console.log(str.search('sound')) //14
console.log(str.search('Sound')) //0
console.log(str.search(/sound/i)) //0
console.log(str.search('refresh')) //-1

40. toLocaleLowerCase()
41. toLocaleUpperCase()
- these functions are similar to toLowerCase() and toUpperCase()
respectively,
- the difference is that toLocaleLowerCase() and toLocaleUpperCase()
functions produce outputs depend on local language of that particular region
(i.e. in browser's local language)

let str = 'istambul'

let res = str.toUpperCase()
let res1 = str.toLocaleUpperCase('tr')
console.log(str) //istambul
console.log(res) //ISTAMBUL
console.log(res1) //İSTAMBUL
42. charCodeAt():- this function returns the unicode of the
character at the specified index in a string.
//http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ucs2.html
let str = "aAbB"
console.log(str.charCodeAt(0)) //97
console.log(str.charCodeAt(1)) //65
console.log(str.charCodeAt(2)) //98
console.log(str.charCodeAt(3)) //66

43. valueOf():-returns the primitive value of String object

44. toString()
String.toString() -> converts String object to string
Number.toString() -> method converts a number to a string with base as
argument (from 2 to 36)
let str = new String("ABC")
let res = str.valueOf()
console.log(str) //[String: 'ABC']
console.log(res) //ABC
let res1 = str.toString()
console.log(res1) //ABC

let num = 91
console.log(num.toString())
console.log(num.toString(2)) //1011011
console.log(num.toString(8)) //133
console.log(num.toString(16)) //5b

45. match():-this function accepts regular expression as argument

and returns array of matches and returns null if match not found
let str = 'Importance given to Portfolio'
console.log(str.match(/port/g)) //[ 'port' ]
console.log(str.match(/port/ig)) //[ 'port', 'Port' ]
console.log(str.match(/airport/g)) //null
console.log(str.match(/airport/ig)) //null

==========================================================
Generators and Iterators
==========================================================

Generators:-
- Generators produce values dynamically.
- Generators utilise memory effectively.
- Generators are represented by '*'.
- Generators are functions.
- Generators return cursor.
- Cursors are objects.
- 'next()' is the method from the cursor object used to access records.

//Eg01
function* fun_one() {
yield 10
yield 20
yield 30
yield 40
yield 50
}

let cursor = fun_one()

console.log(cursor)
console.log(cursor.next().value)
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())

//Eg02
function * fun_one(){
yield 10
yield * fun_two()
yield 30
}
function * fun_two(){
yield 20
}
let cursor = fun_one()
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())

//Eg03
function * fun_one(){
yield 10
yield 20
return 30
yield 40
}
let cursor = fun_one()
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
console.log(cursor.next())
//Note:- after return statement no values will be yielded

Iterators:-
- Iterators include for loops
- for()
- forEach()
- for...of
- for...in

==========================================================
Sequelize
==========================================================
- it is a promise based Node.JS ORM(Object relational Mapping).
- it is used to interact with Postgres, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite and Microsoft
SQL Server.
- It features solid transaction support, relational, eager and Lazy Loading, read
applications and more.
- A great thing about sequelize is no need to take care of the underlying
database.
- We can easily switch databases by adjusting the configuration file, and the
code remains the same.

1. Create a file server.js

2. >npm init -y
3. install following modules
express
sequelize
 sequelize-cli
mysql2
>yarn add express sequelize sequelize-cli mysql2 --save
4. Initialise sequelize
>npx sequelize init
5. Currently the folders 'migrations' and 'seeders' are not required, so we can delete
those.
6. Create database 'sqldem'
7. Update config.json with password and name of database in development.
<>
config
-config.json

...
"development": {
"username": "root",
"password": "root",
"database": "sqldem",
"host": "127.0.0.1",
"dialect": "mysql"
}
...

<>
config
- config.json
models
- todo.js
routes
- apiRoutes.js
fetch
- fetch.js
insert
- insert.js
update
- update.js
delete
- delete.js
- server.js
8. Create server.js for testing with sequelize
***server.js***
//import express module
const express = require('express')
//create rest object
const app = express()
//import db
const db = require('./models')
//set JSON as MIME type
app.use(express.json())
//client parameters are encoded as JSON
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
//create port
const port = process.env.PORT || 8080
//synchronise with sql and assign port no
db.sequelize.sync().then(() => {
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log('Server listening port no :- ', port)
})
}, (errMsg) => {
console.log(errMsg)
})

9. test this server as

>node server