SREE NARAYANA

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
KOTTIYAM, KOLLAM

LAB MANUAL

COMPUTER AIDED
DRAFTING LAB (4017)
 4017 - CAD LAB

SEMESTER - IV

LAB MANUAL

Department of Civil Engineering

Sree narayana polytechnic college

Kottiyam
Kollam
India – 691571
 Page
No Name of Experiment Date
No

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING

INTRODUCTION

1 DRAWING COMMANDS

2 DRAWING TOOLS

3 MODIFY TOOLS

EXPERIMENTS
4 EXPERIMENT NO -1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING
Computers use different software’s to perform tasks. With the help of special software’s,
computers can be advantageously used to do the work of drafting. The process of constructing
the drawings on the computer screen with the help of specially developed software’s and
hardware’s is called

„COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING‟. The drawings in CAD are cleaner and more exact than
manual drawings.

The CAD system is based on what is called interactive computer graphics (ICG). ICG helps to
convert the data entered by the user in form of graphics.

AUTOCAD: AUTOCAD is very effective CAD software. It is used globally by CAD

professionals. It supports 2D drafting and 3D modeling. AUTOCAD is user-friendly and easy to
learn. Explaining AUTOCAD in 3D environment is beyond the scope.

ADVANTAGES OF CAD:

1. Accuracy: CAD helps to achieve very high degree of accuracy that is impossible to achieve
manually.

2. Speed: With sufficient practice, a user can create the drawings specially. Similar objects can
be copied (or) arrayed which saves time required for duplication.

Easy editing: Drawings once constructed can easily be edited or modified as and when needed.

3. Space Effectiveness: A computer can store several thousand drawing files over a long period
of time.

4. Standard Libraries: „CAD‟ software have libraries containing drawings of standard parts
such as gears, values, and pulleys.

5. Scaling: A drawing can be enlarged (or) reduced by any scale factor.

6. Better visualization: Use of different colors help avoiding confusion. 3D view of object can
be easily created to boost imagination.

7. Freedom from using drawings instruments: A simple CAD system needs a computer with a
mouse and keyboard to draw. The draftsmen need not use bulky drawing instruments like
drawing board, drafter, set square, etc.

3D GEOMETRY
3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any three
dimensional surface of an object. It can be displayed as a two dimensional image through a
process called 3d rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena.

ELEMENTS OF A DRAWING WINDOW.

1) Drawing name
2) Menu bar

3) Tool bar

a) Floating
b) Docked

4) Graphic area
5) UCS icon
6) Cursor (cross hair)
7) Screen menu
8) Horizontal and vertical scroll bar
9) Command prompt area
10) Status bar.

TOOL BAR

Tool bar is used to enter the commands on the command prompt area. The commonly
used tool bars are below:
1) Standard tool bar
2) Object property tool bar
3) Draw tool bar
4) Object snap tool bar
5) Modify tool bar
6) Dimension tool bar
7) Zoom tool bar
COMMAND BOX

Command box is used to entering the commands for the drafting. This is situated at the
bottom of the drawing area and below the layout tool bar. We can enter the commands here by
means of key board.
PRINTOUT
To printout the drawing from the drawing area, there has various facilities like key board,
menu bar or tool bar. By means of this command we can printout our drawing to our
convenience paper sizes.
.

DRAWING COMMANDS
LIMITS
Sets and controls the limits of the grid display in the current Model or layout tabFormat
menu: Drawing Limits. Command entry: limits (or 'limits for transparent use) Specify lower left
corner or [ON/OFF] <current>: Specify a point, enter on or off, or press ENTER

LOWER-LEFT CORNER
Specifies the lower-left corner for the grid limits.
Specify upper right corner <current>: Specify a point or press ENTER

ON
Turns on limits checking. When limits checking is on, you cannot enter points outside the
grid limits. Because limits checking tests only points that you enter, portions of objects such as
circles can extend outside the grid limits.
OFF
Turns off limits checking but maintains the current values for the next time you turn on
limits checking.
TO SET THE GRID LIMITS
1. Click Format menu » Drawing Limits.
2. At the Command prompt, enter the coordinate values for a point at the lower left
corner of the grid limits.
3. Enter the coordinate values for a point at the upper right corner of the grid limits. The
grid limits are set to a rectangular area defined by the two points.

TO SET THE UNITS FORMAT AND PRECISION

1. Click Format menu » Units.
2. In the Drawing Units dialog box, under Length, select a unit format and precision. The
Sample Output area shows an example of the unit format at the current precision.
3. Click OK.
GRID
The grid is a rectangular pattern of dots or lines that extends over the area you specify as the grid
limits. Using the grid is similar to placing a sheet of grid paper under a drawing. The grid helps
you align objects and visualize the distances between them. The grid is not plotted. Displays a
grid in the current viewport that is not plotted

SNAP
Restricts cursor movement to specified intervals
Status bar: Snap
Command entry: snap (or 'snap for transparent use)
Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style/Type] <current>: Specify a distance,
enter an option, or press ENTER
SNAP SPACING
Activates Snap mode with the value you specify.
ON
Activates Snap mode using the current settings of the snap grid.

OFF
Turns off Snap mode but retains the current settings.

LINE
In a simple line with connected segments, each segment is a separate line object. With LINE,
you can create a series of contiguous line segments.
Each single line segment can be edited separately from the other line segments in a series. You
can close a sequence of line segments so that the first and last segments are joined.
3. Specify the endpoint of the first polyline segment.
4. Continue specifying segment endpoints as needed.
5. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.

ERASE
You can erase objects from your drawing using several methods.

.
UNDO
The simplest method of backtracking is to use Undo on the Standard toolbar or the U
command to undo a single action. Many commands include their own U (undo) option so that
you can correct mistakes without leaving the command. When you are creating lines and
polylines, for example, enter u to undo the last segment

PAN
You can pan to reposition the view in the drawing area or zoom to change magnification.
Press ENTER, press ESC, or right-click to exit.
ORTHO
You can restrict cursor movement to horizontal and vertical for convenience and precision when
creating and modifying objects. Constrains cursor movement to the horizontal or vertical
direction
Status bar: Ortho

ZOOM
You can quickly zoom on a rectangular area of your drawing by specifying two diagonal corners
of the area you are interested in the lower-left corner of the area you specify becomes the lower-
left corner of the new display
Command entry: ZOOM

DRAWING TOOLS
RECTANGLE
You can create rectangles and regular polygons quickly. Creating polygons is a simple way to
draw equilateral triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons
1. Click Draw menu » Rectangle.
2. Specify the first corner of the rectangle.
3. Specify the other corner of the rectangle.

CIRCLE
You can create circles in several ways. The default method is to specify the center and
the radius. Three other ways to draw a circle are shown in the illustration.

Draw toolbar

Command entry: C

POLYGON

Use POLYGON to create closed polylines with between 3 and 1,024 equal-length sides. The
following illustrations show polygons created using three methods. In each case, two points are
specified.

ARC
You can create arcs in several ways. With the exception of the first method, arcs are drawn
counterclockwise from the start point to the endpoint.
DRAW ARCS BY SPECIFYING THREE POINTS
1. Click Draw menu » Arc » 3 Points.
2. Specify the start point.
3. Specify a point on the arc.
4. Specify the endpoint.

Draw toolbar

Command entry: ARC

MODIFY TOOLS
Ray
A ray is a line in three-dimensional space that starts at a point you specify and extends to
infinity. Unlike construction lines, which extend in two directions, rays extend in only one
direction.
1. Click Draw menu » Ray.
2. Specify a starting point for the ray.
3. Specify a point through which the ray should pass.
Press ENTER to end the command. Command entry: RAY

CONSTRUCTION LINES
A construction line (xline) can be placed anywhere in three-dimensional space. You can specify
its orientation in several ways..
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL
Create construction lines that pass through a point you specify and are parallel to the X or Y axis
of the current UCS.
ANGLE
Creates a construction line in one of two ways. Either you select a reference line and
then specify the angle of the construction line from that line, or you create a construction line at a
specific angle to the horizontal axis by specifying an angle and then a point through which the
construction line should pass.
BISECTOR
Creates a construction line that bisects an angle you specify. You specify the vertex and
the lines that create the angle.
OFFSET
Creates a construction line parallel to a baseline you specify. You specify the offset
distance, select the baseline, and then indicate on which side of the baseline to locate the
construction line.

COPY
You can create duplicates of objects at a specified distance and direction from the
originals.
Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and other tools to copy objects with precision.
Command entry: COPY
MIRROR
You can flip objects about a specified axis to create a symmetrical mirror image.
Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects because you can quickly draw half the object
and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object.

ERASE
Erases the source object after it is offset. Erase source object after offsetting?

LAYER
Determines whether offset objects are created on the current layer or on the layer of the source
object. Enter layer option for offset objects [Current/Source]<current>: Enter an option

.
SCALE
Scale Objects Using a Scale Factor
With SCALE, you can make an object uniformly larger or smaller. To scale an object, you
specify a base point and a scale factor. Alternatively, you can specify a length to be used as a
scale factor based on the current drawing units.

ARRAY
You can create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an
array. For rectangular arrays, you control the number of rows and columns and the distance
between each. For polar arrays, you control the number of copies of the object and whether the
copies are rotated. To create many regularly spaced objects, arraying is faster than copying.

ROTATE
You can rotate objects in your drawing around a specified base point. To determine the
angle of rotation, you can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or specify a reference angle
to align to an absolute angle.

TRIM
You can trim objects so that they end precisely at boundary edges defined by other objects &you
can clean up the intersection of two walls smoothly by trimming.

EXTEND
You can lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects
CHAMFER
A chamfer connects two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to represent a beveled
edge on a corner. You can chamfer: Lines, Polylines, Rays, Lines, 3D solids

POLYLINE
The intersecting polyline segments are chamfered at each vertex of the polyline.
Chamfers become new segments of the polyline. If the polyline includes segments that are too
short to accommodate the chamfer distance, those segments are not chamfered

FILLET
A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified radius.

EXPLODE
If you need to modify one or more objects within a block separately, you can
disassemble, or explode, the block reference into its component objects. After making the
changes, you can

DIMENSIONING
You can create all of the standard types of dimensions.
LINEAR DIMENSIONS
Linear dimensionscan be horizontal, vertical, or aligned. With aligned dimensions, the
dimension line is parallel to the line (imaginary or real) between the extension line origins.
Baseline (or parallel) and continued (or chain) dimensions are series of consecutive dimensions
that are based on a linear dimension.
TEXT
Use single-line text (TEXT) to create one or more lines of text, ending each line when
you press ENTER. Each text line is an independent object that you can relocate, reformat, or
otherwise modify.

HATCHING
You can hatch an area using a predefined hatch pattern, define a simple line pattern using
the current linetype, or create more complex hatch patterns.

TABLE
A table is a compound object that contains data in rows and columns. It can be created from an
empty table or a table style. A table can also be linked to data in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
Go to ‗
Annotations ribbon. Click on the table
Provide row and column specifications and click OK.
LEADER

A leader object is a line or a spline with an arrowhead at one end and a multiline text object or
block at the other.
DRAWING OF PLANS OF BUILDINGS USING SOFTWARE FOR

AUTO CAD 2013

EXPERIMENT NO-1 DATE………

AIM

Draw the building drawing by AutoCAD commands.

SOFTWARE:-

Auto cad – 2013

Command Used

Set Grid & Snap

Drawing limit ,

LINE

ORTHO

CHAMBER

CONSTRUCTION LINE

Erase

Move

Leader line

COPY

DIAMENSION

TEXT
 700
700

ELEVATION BASEMENT 400x600

FOUNDATION SECOND
FOOTING 600x300
P.C.C 800x300

SECTION A-A

A 9900

SPECIFICATIONS
ROOM
3500x4000 500X400 D - DOOR PANELLED 1000x2000

D1 - DOOR 900x2000
8000
W - WINDOW 900x1200
5000X3000 D 4000X3000
W1 - WINDOW PANELLED 2000x1000

V - VENTILATOR GLAZED 800x300

A ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm

PLAN

RESULT – Thus the figure is obtained is plotted using AutoCAD 2013