Name of School

Part A Converted to:

Mathematics

Gr 8 Project 60 = 20
Term 3
Set by: J de Villiers

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Section A consists of 11 pages and 7 questions.

2. Answer ALL the questions on the question paper.

 Write legibly and present your work neatly.
 Clearly show ALL calculations, diagrams, graphs, etc. that you have used in
determining your answers.
 Answers only will not necessarily be awarded full marks.

3. You may use an approved scientific calculator (non-programmable and non-graphical),

unless stated otherwise
 If necessary, round off answers to TWO decimal places, unless stated
otherwise.
4. Diagrams are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

This Section consists of 11 pages.

1
 Part A: Complete at home
Work through these examples and complete the questions in preparation for Part B.
Remember to bring along the completed Part A to class to complete Part B.

Algebra as a language:

An empty A4 poster has been attached to the back of this project.

Use this to indicate the following for the expression provided:
 Variable
 Constant
 Coefficient
 Exponents
Also:
 Underline the like terms.
 Circle any two unlike terms
 Write the total number of terms in the expression in the space provided.
You will be assessed on your poster using the following rubric:

Achieved: Not
Achieved:
Correctly identifying from the
expression: 1 0
 Variable 1 0
 Constant 1 0
 Coefficient 1 0
 Exponents
Underlining like terms 2 0
Cicrcling any two unlike terms 2 0
Determining the number of terms 2 0
Total mark obtained for Poster : /10

2
 Expressions:
Types of expressions:
Numeric expressions Algebraic expressions: Expressions in word:
consists of numbers contains one or more letters. Algebraic expressions can also be written in
only words, and from here you can be asked to
write an algebraic expression
For example: For example: For example: The product of a certain
6+9 a+9 number and 4
This algebraic expression can
be simplified if the value of a b x 4 ( correct algebraic notation: 4b)
is known

Simplifying algebraic expressions:

Addition & Subtraction:
Let’s look at an example:
Ms. Ntanjana is taking stock of the chips in her shop before she orders more for the next
month. The diagram below represents her stock:

In terms of ordering her new stock, it wouldn’t make sense for her to just add all the packets
together, as she wouldn’t know how much of each product she should order.

So she does this:

 5 packets of niknaks( n)
 3 packets of lays (y)
 6 packets of Simba (s)

Her son tells her that she can write the following algebraic expression: Remember: when we add
5n + 3y + 6s or subtract algebraic
Because it is three different types of chips, there are no like terms so she expressions, we need to
cannot simplify the expression any further. work with like terms.

1.1 If she sells 2 packets of niknaks and one packet of Simba chips, write The variables & exponents
down a new algebraic expression, with your calculations, representing will need to be the same.
her stock.

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3
Ms Ntanjana also needs to take stock of her cool-drinks. She stocks Coke (c ) and Fanta (f). Her
current stock is shown below:

1.2 Write down an algebraic expression representing her cool-drink stock.

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1.3 If she buys 24 more cokes and 19 more fanta’s write a new algebraic expression for her cool-
drink stock.

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1.4 She also asks her son to count the sweets. He says:
 there are “𝑛" packets of Jelly tots.
 The chocolates are three more than 4 times the Jelly Tots

Write down an algebraic expression for the number of chocolates.

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1.5 Calculate the actual number of chocolates in her shop if there are 12 packets of Jelly Tots.

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4
 Multiplication & Division:
Exponent Law 1 Exponent Law 2 Exponent Law 3 Exponent Law 4
𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 (𝑎𝑏)𝑛 𝑎𝑚
= 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛
−3𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 × −6𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2
4 5 (−2𝑏 3 )4 (4𝑎)3 12𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 6
= 18𝑎6 𝑏7 𝑐 3 = 16𝑏12 = 64𝑎3 2𝑥 2
3
12𝑥 8𝑥 2 14𝑥 6
= − +
2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2
= 6𝑥 − 4 + 7𝑥 4
2.
Remember: for coefficients we For variables we need to use
need to use the rules for integers. the rules for exponents.
So −3 × −6 = +18 So 𝑐1 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑐 3

Use the information, laws of exponents and the examples above to simplify the
expressions below:

2.1 (𝑎3 )4

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2.2 4𝑎𝑏 3 × −3𝑎3 𝑏

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2𝑥 3 +8𝑥 3
2.3
(5𝑥)(2𝑥)2

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2.4 Sam tried to simplify the algebraic expressions below. He obtained the answers below.
Look at the solutions he got and then:
 Indicate if you agree with the solution OR
 Redo the the calculations indicating the correct steps.

a) √16𝑎16 + 9𝑎16
= 4𝑎4 + 3𝑎4
= 7𝑎4

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5
 b) −(−2𝑥 3 )6
= −12𝑥 9

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[22]

Algebraic Equations:
In primary school you learnt about number sentences. When a number sentence includes a
variable we call it an algebraic equation.
Remember in an equation the left hand side must be equal to the right hand side.
Let’s
Welook at an equations
can solve example: by inspection or through using inverse operations.

13
5

Input Output

We can figure out that 5 + 8 = 13

So we need to +8.
However, if we make it into an algebraic equation it will be 5 + 𝑥 = 13
Which will then simplify to :𝑥 = 8

Solving equations:
To solve more complex algebraic equations we can use inverse operations.
This can be presented by :

Let’s look at an example:

3 + 4𝑎 = 15 You can check your
solution by substituting
4𝑎 = 15 − 3 your value for 𝑎 into the
Left Hand Side (LHS) and
4𝑎 = 12 Right Hand Side (RHS) of
the equation to see if
12
𝑎= these sides are equal.
4

𝑎=3

6
3. Solve the following equations:
3.1 𝑘 − 11 = 2
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3.2 −7 − 𝑥 = −5
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3.3 5𝑚 + 4 = 3𝑚 − 12

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3.4 5(𝑥 − 1) = 4(𝑥 − 2)

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Writing equations:
We need to be able to convert situations in word to algebraic equations:
Make sure you look carefully at the terminology used and the order of the operations.

Let’s look at a few examples:

 The sum of m and 5 is 12.

𝑚 + 5 = 12
 The value of n is three times the value of b

𝑛 = 3𝑏

4. Write algebraic equations for the following sentences:

4.1 The product of 𝑏 and 5 is 125.

_________________________________________________________________________(1)

4.2 The value of 𝑏 is half the value of 𝑐

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4.3 The difference between 𝑘 and 9 is 4.

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[13]

7
 Algebra in real life:
We can use Algebra in our daily lives to help us calculate unknowns and determine missing values.

Make sure you read these types of questions carefully & apply your knowledge of algebraic
expressions & equations to answer the questions that you might encounter.

Let’s look at some examples:

Example 1:
The perimeter of a rectangle is 30 cm. The length of the sides are 7cm more than the width.
Determine the length and width of the rectangle. Let the width be =𝑤

Remember that the perimeter of a

Solution: rectangle can be calculated as follows:
𝑤+7 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤

𝑤 𝑤

𝑤+7

Let the width be = 𝑤

∴ length will be equal to 𝑤 + 7
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
2(𝑤 + 7) + 2(𝑤) = 30
2𝑤 + 14 + 2𝑤 = 30
2𝑤 + 2𝑤 = 30 − 14
4𝑤 = 16
𝑤=4
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 4 𝑐𝑚
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 ∶
𝑤+7
4+7
𝑙 = 11 𝑐𝑚

5. Two rectangles have the exact same area. The measurements of the first rectangle is :
3𝑘 𝑏𝑦 3
And the measurements of the second rectangle is 𝑘 + 3 𝑏𝑦 6.
Calculate the value of 𝑘.
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8
Example 2:
At a sports day a school is selling:
o toasted sandwiches(s) for R15 and
o pies (p) for R20.

In total they sell 75 items on one day.

They also note that their total income from these two items is R1 215.

Use this information to determine the number of sandwiches and pies sold.
Solution:
𝑠 + 𝑝 = 75
𝑠 = 75 − 𝑝 𝑜𝑟 𝑝 = 75 − 𝑠
Sandwiches pies
Number sold 75 − 𝑝 𝑝
Income made per item: 15(75 − 𝑝) 20𝑝

𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 1 215 …

15(75 − 𝑝) + 20𝑝 = 1 215
1125 − 15𝑝 + 20𝑝 = 1 215
−15𝑝 + 20𝑝 = 1 215 − 1 125
5𝑝 = 90
𝑝 = 18
∴ 18 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑤𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠: 75 − 18
𝑠 = 57

6. Sal is selling two types of printed socks. He sells type 𝑎 at R45 a pair.
He sells type 𝑏 at R30.
If he sold 16 pairs in total, and had a total income of R585, how many pairs of sock 𝑏
did Sal sell?
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9
Example 3:
The sum of Nicole and Kristin’s age is 32. In two years, Nicole will be three times as old as Kristin.
How old are they now?

Solution:
𝑛 + 𝑘 = 32
𝑛 = 32 − 𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 32 − 𝑛

Nicole Kristin
Age now 𝑛 32 − 𝑛
Age in two years 𝑛+2 32 − 𝑛 + 2
34 − 𝑛

𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑁𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝐾𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜 …

𝑛 + 2 = 3(34 − 𝑛)
𝑛 + 2 = 102 − 3𝑛
𝑛 + 3𝑛 = 102 − 2
4𝑛 = 100
𝑛 = 25
∴ 𝑁𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 25 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝐾𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒:
32 − 25
𝑘=7

7. A father is four times as old as his son. In 20 years time the father will be twice as old as his
son.
Determine the age of the son & dad at the time of this question.

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[15]

Total Part A [60]

10
 Algebra as a language

2𝑎4 − 4𝑎3 + (𝑏 2 + 𝑚) − 2𝑎2 + 10𝑎3 + 5

Number of terms in the expression:

11