Introduction to P iles
Piles are long, slender columns typically made of
reinforced concrete, steel, or timber. They are used
in construction to transfer the loads from the
structure into the ground, especially in areas with
weak or unstable soils.
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Deep Foundation CE(OE)801C
Civil Engineering 4th Year
Types of Piles
End-Bearing Piles Friction Piles Bearing Piles
These piles transfer the These piles use the skin These piles support the load by
load through weak, friction along their sides to the development of resistance
compressible soils to a transfer the load to the between the pile base and the
stronger underlying rock or surrounding soil. soil.
stratum.
Advantages of Us ing P iles
1 E ffective in Weak S oils 2 R educed E nvironmental
Impact
Piles are ideal for construction in
areas with poor soil conditions. They minimize the need for
extensive excavation and can be
used in environmentally sensitive
areas.
3 Versatility in Applications
Piles can be used to support a wide variety of structures, from residential buildings
to high-rise constructions.
Factors Affecting Pile Des ign
S oil Conditions L oad Requirements S ite Cons traints
The type and The magnitude and nature Varying site conditions such
characteristics of the soil of the loads that the piles as access restrictions,
where the piles are to be need to support influence adjacent structures, and
installed significantly their design and environmental regulations
impact the design and type dimensioning. play a crucial role in pile
of piles to be used. design.
P ile Ins tallation Methods
Augered Cas t-in-Place Piles
The soil is removed by the auger as it is rotated, and concrete is placed
through the hollow shaft.
Driven Piles
These piles are installed by impact driving, pressing, or vibrating into the
ground.
Drilled Dis placement Piles
In this method, soil is displaced from the hole bottom by injecting high-
pressure grout while the auger is removed.
Load Testing of Piles
Static Load Tests Dynamic Load Tests
Directly apply a load to the pile to observe Use rapid and repeated loadings to assess
and measure its deflection and load-carrying the performance and integrity of the piles.
capacity.
Common P roblems in P ile
Cons truction
1 S poilage 2 Pile Defects
This occurs when the soil is removed Issues such as buckling, bending, or
from the site during the construction corrosion can cause structural
of the pile foundation, which can integrity problems with the piles.
lead to settlement issues.
Pile Maintenance and Repair
1 Regular Inspections
Periodic inspections are crucial to identify any signs of deterioration or
damage early on.
2 Reinforcement Replacement
When necessary, reinforce or repair the piles to ensure their continued
structural integrity.
Cas e S tudies of S ucces s ful Pile
P rojects
Project Location Key Features
Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE Utilized a deep foundation
with over 194 concrete piles
to support its immense
height.
The Venice Project Venice, Italy Implemented a unique
combination of friction and
bearing piles to withstand
the city's unique geological
conditions.
Conclus ion and K ey Takeaways
E ngineering Precis ion Maintenance Importance
Accurate pile design and installation Regular maintenance and timely repair
are critical for the stability and safety of contribute to the longevity of pile-
structures. supported structures.
Continuous Innovation
Advancements in pile technology and materials continue to enhance the efficiency and
sustainability of construction projects.
