LBB- LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP
ANSI Code- 50BF (Breaker failure)-If a breaker fails to be triggered by
a tripping order, as detected by the non- extinction of the fault current, the
backup protection sends a tripping order to the upstream or adjacent
breakers
The Protection relay sends the trip command to the circuit breaker, it is
observed that due to failure of the trip coil or any mechanical failure, the
circuit breaker is failed to trip and isolate the fault. Local Breaker Backup
(LBB) or Breaker failure relay is used for all the circuit breakers to isolate
the fault by opening the other connecting breakers.
BF schemes typically use phase and/or ground current-detectors to
determine if the circuit breaker is open or closed. The breaker is
considered closed if the measured current is greater than the current
detector setpoint, regardless of the 52A contact position. The circuit
breaker is considered to be open if the current is less than the current
detector setpoint.
LBB Logic
There will a minimum setting of current value to ensure there is a fault still
exists even after issuing a trip command. I> value will be set to 20%
(minimum) and the timer will be set to a minimum of 200 milliseconds to
ensure safe tripping time for the actual circuit breaker. Immediately after
getting an initiation from the master trip relay, LBB Relay again sends a
trip signal to the same trip coil instantaneously and then waits for the logic
to proceed. If fault persist and timer knocks 200 milliseconds, then LBB
Relay issue trip command to the upstream CB(s) as per the number of
connected sources.
Example
Consider the fault occurred in
the LV Bus and the LV Over
current Relay senses the fault first
and initiates trip command to LV
CB. It also initiates the LBB relay.
Since the same CT is routed
through the LBB relay, fault is also
sensed by it and a counter is started
since it got the initiation. It has two
types of output contacts, Delayed
contact and Instantaneous contact.
When it meets the set value,
instantly a trip command is given to the same CB and wait for the counter
to reach the set value. Even at that time the fault is not cleared, trip
command is issued to the HV CB, thus disconnecting the source from the
power system where fault occurred.
