© Grade Solution Learning Centre

O-LEVEL ENGLISH
ESSAY OUTLINES
2018-2022
Grade Solution Learning Centre
Writing Samurai

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

O LEVEL ENGLISH 2022 4

1. Some people enjoy being in a crowded place, while others prefer somewhere quieter with
fewer people. Describe your perfect place when you want to relax. 4
2. “I realised that I was much stronger than I had previously thought.” Write about a time when
you felt like this. 7
3. “Young people spend so much time thinking about the future that they forget to enjoy the
present.” How far do you agree? 10
4. “People today are far too easily persuaded to spend money on things they don’t need.” Do
you agree that advertising has made us wasteful? 13

O LEVEL ENGLISH 2021 16

1. Describe the sights and sounds of a shopping mall. Remember to describe the people. 16
2. “I felt as though I was on top of the world.” Write about a time when you felt like this. 19
3. “Young people are changing the world for the better.” What is your opinion? 22
4. “A happy person is a healthy person.” How far do you agree? 25

O LEVEL ENGLISH 2020 28

1. Describe ways to relax after you have been busy. Explain why it is enjoyable for you. 28
2. Write about a time when you did something to impress someone and regretted it. 30
3. Learning how to respond to mistakes is essential for success. What is your opinion? 33
4. “There’s no place like home.” Is it true to you? 36

O LEVEL ENGLISH 2019 39

1. Which person has had the most positive impact on your life? Describe this individual’s
personality and in what ways he or she has influenced you. 39
2. ‘It was my proudest moment.’ Write about a time when you felt like this. 43
3. ‘Most young people today are too obsessed with fame and imitating celebrities.’ What are your
views? 46
4. ‘People can only be happy if they feel they are treated fairly.’ Do you agree? 49

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O LEVEL ENGLISH 2018 53

1. Describe an event that you looked forward to which turned out to be disappointing. Explain
why you were excited about it and why it didn’t live up to your expectations. 53
2. I had never seen my friend laugh so much!’ Write about a time when this happened. 57
3. Some people like to stand out from the crowd; others just want to be part of it. Which do you
prefer and why? 59
4. Which modern invention is essential for you and your family and which one could you and your
family live without? Explain your views. 63

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O LEVEL ENGLISH 2022

1. Some people enjoy being in a crowded place, while others prefer somewhere quieter
with fewer people. Describe your perfect place when you want to relax.

Descriptive

Understanding the question

• “Some people enjoy being in a crowded place, while others prefer somewhere quieter
with fewer people”: There is a clear contrast between people’s preferences here. You
should write the rest of your essay in light of this statement.

• “perfect place”: Focus on one specific, ideal place for you. Note that this doesn’t
necessarily have to be a real place; you can embellish an existing place or take
inspiration from fictional/ historical places.

• “Describe”: In a descriptive essay, there should be a significant amount of detailed

description of the physical characteristics of the place using your senses. Your
description can extend to your feelings, actions and thoughts when you are in this
place. Do you just soak in the ambience or engage in some activity?

• “when you want to relax”: This place must help you relax/ unwind/ calm down.

Additional points to consider

• It is a good idea to explain why this is your perfect relaxation place. What specific
features or qualities of the surroundings contribute to your sense of relaxation?
• Your chosen place should be described as either crowded/ lively or quiet/ with fewer
people. This must be made clear.
• Since the statement preceding the question introduces a contrast, you may want to
briefly mention why your ideal place is more relaxing than a contrasting alternative.
Note, this should not be the focus of your essay.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. Fort Canning Park – a place for solitary meditation

• Use your senses to describe this place:

o Sight: sprawling canopies of giant trees; historical monuments like the

commanding Fort Canning Gate; flowers create a kaleidoscope of colours; vivid
plumage of birds contrasting with the verdant foliage
o Sound: chirping of crickets; melodious tweeting of birds; rustling of leaves as a
squirrel hides in a nearby tree

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o Smell: earthy scent of fresh soil; refreshing and fragrant notes of Tembusu and
Jasmine; inhaling the fresh morning dew
o Touch: the grass beneath your bare feet tickles you; barks of the aged trees
feel rough under your exploring fingers

• Weave in your description with the relaxing activities that you do:

o The hands of my watch point to 6:50; Fort Canning Park is a cradle of solitude.
Finding a nice spot for my trusty mat easily enough, I lie down, close my eyes
and surrender to nature’s symphony: the lively chirping of crickets and the soft
fluttering of wings as a bird takes flight. The city’s distant hum fades into the
background as my attention turns inward. I deeply inhale the crisp, dew-laden
air, feeling instantly rejuvenated. When I exhale, the stresses of my week seem
to melt away like mist under a warm sun. The hustle and bustle of urban life is
but a forgotten memory.

• Explain why this place is “perfect” for relaxation:

o The natural beauty and tranquility of this place make the perfect backdrop for
introspection.
o Woven into this green landscape are historical monuments that offer a
therapeutic form of escapism from reality. I imagine myself to be an intrepid
soldier embarking on a clandestine mission whenever I pass through the sturdy
wrought iron gates of Fort Canning.

• Briefly mention a contrasting alternative (that you dislike):

o The loud animated voices of a group of passers-by slice through the tranquility
like a sharp knife, breaking my meditative cocoon. I reluctantly open my eyes
and gather my belongings with a resigned sigh. At least it isn’t the weekend, I
console myself, shuddering at the mere thought of navigating through throngs
of noisy weekend visitors!

2. Walking along the bustling Orchard Road at night

• Use your senses to describe this place:

o Sight: vibrant neon lights of Orchard Road; colourful storefronts vying for
attention
o Sound: hum of traffic; melodies from street buskers add to the auditory richness
o Touch: the brush of shoulders as you navigate through the throngs of people;
the occasional breeze provides a refreshing contrast against the warmth of
crowd
o Smell: the tantalising scent from a food stand makes you salivate

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• Weave in your description with the relaxing activities that you do:

o The neon lights overhead paint a kaleidoscope across our faces as my

friends and I stroll down Orchard Road, past storefronts adorned with a riot
of colours. I cannot help but marvel at the vivid displays, my eyes tracing the
contours of mannequins dressed in season’s best. Street buskers serenade
us and we pause now and then to sway to the music, momentarily losing
ourselves in the lively tunes. A gentle evening breeze carries with it inviting
scents from the kebab stand outside Ngee Ann City. My taste buds tingle
with anticipation as we join the snakelike queue for our grub.

• Explain why this place is “perfect” for relaxation:

o Merely walking along this familiar road is a source of nostalgia. The echoes
of laughter transport me back to the times when I frequented this street with
my older siblings who are now studying abroad.
o This dynamic place is a reminder that life is full of diverse experiences and
that I am never alone in my struggles.

• Briefly mention a contrasting alternative (that you dislike):

o I still recall the profound sense of isolation I felt when walking down Orchard
Road during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. Gone were the throngs of
people and the energetic pulse of the city. Devoid of its usual vibrance, Orchard
Road was hauntingly empty. I thank my lucky stars that Orchard Road is back
in all its glory; I will not trade the noise and crowds for anything in the world!

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2. “I realised that I was much stronger than I had previously thought.” Write about a
time when you felt like this.

Personal recount + Reflective

Understanding the Question

• “realised”: You became aware. What incident made you aware of your newfound
strength?

• “I was much stronger than I had previously thought”: There has been a shift in
perception of your own strength; earlier you had a modest view of your strength but
now, no longer underestimate your strength.
o Your recount must clearly describe how you felt about your strength before and
after an incident.

• “stronger”: Strength can come in many forms: physical, mental or emotional.

• “a time”: Focus on a particular incident instead of the concept of strength in general.

• “felt”: Describe your feelings of insecurity/ anxiety/ avoidance etc. prior to the
incident and your feelings of empowerment/ confidence/ pride afterwards.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. You were diagnosed with a physical ailment (e.g. asthma) at a young age and this
had always dictated the limits of your physical strength. You befriended a group of
running enthusiasts who made you realise you were capable of much more.

• Describe your early experiences of navigating life with asthma and discuss how
you avoided P.E. classes/ outdoor activities for fear of triggering an asthma attack.
You constantly compared yourself to your physically stronger peers and
lamented that you had been dealt a bad hand.

• You later met a group of warm-hearted individuals who welcomed you with open
arms into their fold. They had a shared passion for running and gathered on
weekends to jog.

• The day arrived, and as you set out on that initial run with the group, the reality of
running with asthma quickly surfaced; breathlessness became a constant
companion, and the path that seemed smooth to others felt like an uphill battle.
Your friends became your lifelines, cheering you on when you felt close to giving
up. Your iron will enabled you to keep going.

• As days turned to weeks, you became stronger than ever; your stride lengthened
and you took fewer breaks. Your friends cajoled you into taking part in a 5km

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running competition. It became evident that, in their eyes, you were made of
sterner stuff. However, the realisation of your own strength took a little longer.

• As you set off on the race, you discovered a reservoir of strength that had been
within you all along. Despite your wheezing breath, you had set your sights on the
finish line. As you crossed it, you were finally ready to embrace the truth: you had
a backbone of steel.

• You were walking on air, realising that you could do anything that you put your mind
to. You looked back on your previous struggles and realised you had always
been strong enough to run. All you needed was a nudge in the right direction to
bring out the best in you.

Here’s a possible introduction for this essay:

“Bang! The explosive crack of the starting gun drowned out my pre-race jitters. A surge of
adrenaline coursed through my veins, propelling me forward along the track. The journey
towards discovering my strength had only just begun…”

2. You had a phobia (e.g. fear of public speaking) and avoided it like the plague but when
you had to give a speech, you rose to the occasion and faced your fears with mental
strength.

• Public speaking was your personal Everest; the anxiety of facing an audience and
the crippling fear of judgment leaves you paralysed.

• You and your friend have taken part in a science competition; you need to
showcase your research to a panel of judges. You get to work, deciding that you
will be in charge of designing the poster while your friend will give the oral
presentation. However, your friend falls sick on the day of the competition and you
thrust into your worst nightmare.

• In the climax, describe how you felt before and how you mustered your courage,
and walked onto stage where the audience’s gaze bore into you. You croaked out
a greeting and you could barely read your hastily scribbled out cue cards.

• You realised that you knew your research project inside out; there was no one
better than you to speak about it. Armed with this newfound confidence, you
delivered the rest of the presentation flawlessly and were met with thunderous
applause.

• Describe your feelings afterwards: You were flabbergasted that you had delivered
the presentation without any hiccups. It occurred to you that the true measure of
someone’s mettle (strength of will) was revealed under pressure.

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Here’s a possible paragraph for the climax of this essay:

“As I stood alone in the wings, waiting for my cue to step onto the stage, a knot
tightened in the pit of my stomach. I feared that I was not strong enough to face my
fears head on. I was tempted to run away but that would mean throwing away the
chance of getting a prestigious scholarship. Worse still, I would disappoint my friend
and my family members who were eagerly waiting for my presentation…”

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3. “Young people spend so much time thinking about the future that they forget to
enjoy the present.” How far do you agree?

Argumentative

Understanding the question

• “Young people”: The United Nations defines youth as individuals between the ages of 15
and 24. Remember that young people are not a homogenous group; culture, SES and
other factors play an important role in shaping their attitudes.

• “so much time…that they forget”: The statement suggests that young people are too
preoccupied with thoughts about the future to enjoy the present. It suggests that a
disproportionately large amount of time is being spent on thoughts about the future.

• “Thinking about the future”: Concern for their personal futures as well as the collective
future of society and the world.
o We can look to one’s actions to assess if one is concerned about the future.
o Are young people doing things for the sake of future outcomes? Are they engaged
in activities because of their (potential) impact on the future?

“… that they forget to enjoy the present”: This (absolute) statement suggests that young
people do not live in the moment nor do they get any joy out of the present moment
because they are busy planning for the future.

• “How far do you agree?”: State your stand explicitly (fully agree, fully disagree, or agree
to a large/ limited extent) and support it with explanations and examples.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement:

While it is true that some young individuals focus so extensively on the future that they neglect
to live in the present, I argue that most youths are indeed capable of, and often do, strike a
balance between enjoying the present and considering their future.

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Supporting Argument #1 (thinking about the future):

Young people are often preoccupied with thoughts about their future since they are at a pivotal
time wherein many significant life decisions have to be made. Future-oriented thinking is
therefore both natural and necessary.

• At this crucial juncture, adolescents grapple with choices regarding their educational
pursuits, career trajectories, romantic relationships, and family planning. Some must
select their college majors, while others may opt to enter the workforce immediately
following secondary education.
• Many educational institutions (colleges and even some secondary schools) actively
promote the importance of future planning. They employ career guidance counsellors
or advisors who assist students as they navigate the intricate landscape of decision-
making.
• Contemplating these decisions is not just done on personal whims and facies; it is a
fundamental aspect of preparing for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

Supporting Argument #2 (thinking about the future):

Youth, having the most at stake in future global challenges, have been striving towards a better
future for our planet as a whole.

• Youths are perhaps the most susceptible to long-term impacts of our climate crisis
which include decreased potable water, biodiversity loss and erratic weather patterns,
to name a few.
• In the face of pressing environmental challenges, today's youth are actively involved
in environmental initiatives. For instance, the World Economic Forum's Global Shapers
Community consists of over 15, 000 youth who drive dialogue and action towards
climate change.
• These youth spend countless hours leading focus group discussions and penning
down proposals for world leaders.
• Indeed, there is no one more invested in our future than young people. They are the
most affected demographic when it comes to crises of the future.
• Thus, it stands to reason that they invest a considerable amount of time thinking about
and taking action towards our future.

Supporting argument #3 (enjoying the present):

Even as they plan for the future, young people still do engage in behaviour that prioritises fun
in the here and now.

• Youths are highly adept at using technology for entertainment. It is common to see
young people streaming music, movies, or playing online games, all of which are
activities that focus on the present moment.

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• Many young people of today are choosing to travel instead of saving up for the future.
A 2023 survey1 found that when it comes to taking frequent trips, Gen Z-ers are
traveling more than Gen X-ers and baby boomers, and are on par with travel-happy
millennials. The survey concluded, "What this suggests is that the youngest generation
isn't waiting until they have a certain amount of income or savings to see the world;
they're finding ways to fit it into their budgets now”.

• Interestingly, these youths who travel are, at the same time, environmentally-
conscious. Many are choosing sustainable travel by opting for eco-friendly
accommodations. This desire to minimise carbon footprint while simultaneously
seeking enjoyment through travel is a prime example of how youths can still luxuriate
in the present when demonstrating concern for the future.

Counterargument + Rebuttal:

Granted, it is true that some young people are too busy thinking about the future to embrace
the present.

• For some youths, this preoccupation reaches a point where they immerse themselves
in negative thoughts about what lies ahead. This mental burden contributes to
conditions like anxiety and depression, robbing them of the ability to fully embrace the
present moment.
• However, it is important to remember that young people are not a monolith and that
those afflicted with such conditions do not constitute the majority of youths.
• While some experience negative mental health outcomes from future planning, others
navigate these challenges with more optimism and resilience.
• Indeed, these youth are not only able to strike a balance between the future and the
now, but planning for the future gives them a sense of purpose that improves their
mental well-being in the present.

Conclusion:

• We must not generalise by painting all young people with the same broad brush. While
I acknowledge that some adolescents do get so weighed down by future concerns that
their ability to savour the present is hindered, I believe the majority is able to juggle
the present and future with finesse.
• The catchphrase "Young people are the future" is not a mere slogan; it holds true
because young individuals actively invest significant thought and consideration into
shaping that very future.
• This understandable concern about the future does not necessarily entail a neglect of
present enjoyment; the two are not mutually exclusive.
• The ideal balance between the two varies for each individuals, for it does depend very
much on personal circumstances. I believe we ought not hold our youth in such low
regard that we doubt their capacity to find this healthy balance for themselves. As
such, I can only agree with the statement to a limited extent.

1“Gen Z is poised to reshape the travel industry”, Lindsey Roeschke,

https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/gen-z-travel-trends

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4. “People today are far too easily persuaded to spend money on things they don’t
need.” Do you agree that advertising has made us wasteful?

Argumentative

Understanding the question

• “People today”: This refers to the modern times i.e. the last 10 to 15 years, so avoid
giving historical examples of people’s behaviour from decades ago.
o Think about what is present now that was not there in the past (smart phones,
social media, e-commerce platforms, influencer marketing, digital payment
methods etc.).

• “far too easily persuaded to spend money”: People are very easily convinced or
influenced to part with their cash. Note that “persuaded” implies an external influence;
in this case, the question specifically refers to the influence of advertising.

• “things they don’t need”: Note that needs can be objective or subjective. Objectively,
needs are the basic necessities of life (food, clothing shelter). Subjectively, however,
people might be persuaded to think they “need” things that are actually luxury goods.
o For example, in a recent survey, Singaporeans believed that owning a perfume
was a need as it helped boost their self-image.

• “Do you agree?”: State your stand explicitly (fully agree, fully disagree, or agree to a
large/ limited extent) and support it with explanations and examples.

• “advertising”: Delivering a message about a product or service to a target audience

through mediums like television, social media, billboards etc.

• “made us wasteful”: Advertising has caused us (people) to waste valuable things e.g.
money and natural resources.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement:

Wastefulness generated by advertising may be mitigated by the phenomenon of “ad fatigue”,

which has led to reduced persuasive power, and by companies using advertisements to
promote environmentally friendly products. Nevertheless, I believe that these factors are not
significant enough to override the fact that, for the most part, advertisements are still
responsible for consumers today making wasteful purchasing decisions.

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Supporting argument #1:

Advertisements make us believe that staying current with the latest trends is a necessity. This
fuels a relentless cycle of wasteful consumption.

• Through carefully crafted messages and visuals, ads create an aspirational narrative
around the newest products, presenting them as must-haves for status.
• Advertisements for smartphones promote their exclusive features and cutting-edge
technology. Owning the latest phone feels like a need so many discard their perfectly
functional current phones in pursuit of the newest model.
• Similarly, fast fashion brands like Shein persuade individuals to stay up-to date with the
monthly trends. Consumers find themselves discarding the old to make way for the new.
It is no wonder then that our landfills are brimming with clothing waste.
• Advertisements have successfully convinced us that only the latest item is worth having
so we are stuck in the rut of wasteful consumption.

Supporting argument #2:

Advertisements for limited-time offers and deals encourage wasteful impulse buying.

• The use of countdowns, flash sales, and limited-quantity offers creates a time-sensitive
atmosphere that make consumers act hastily.
• Events like the "11.11 sale" or "Singles' Day" have gained immense popularity on e-
commerce platforms like Shoppe and Lazada.
• Fearing they might miss out on a deal, consumers are more likely to make hurried
purchasing decisions without thoroughly evaluating whether the product is genuinely
needed.
• More often than not, the appeal of the bargain overshadows the actual need of the
product, resulting in wasteful spending on what amounts to clutter.

Counterargument #1 + Rebuttal:

One may think that individuals in today’s media-saturated environment have become numb to
the onslaught of advertisements and that this makes us less likely to purchase anything.

• Consumers today are constantly inundated with a deluge of advertisements across

various platforms, so the attention span for any single advertisement is limited.
• With so many brands vying for our attention, “ad fatigue” kicks in; we tune out the noise
and begin to disengage. It is hard for any single advertisement to capture our attention,
much less persuade us into buying anything.
• However, the rise of content marketing has provided another avenue for advertisers to
reach consumers.
• Instead of traditional ads that consumers can tune out, brands now provide valuable
content that consumers want to engage with by weaving promotional messages into
YouTube videos and podcasts. For example, a cosmetics brand might pay an
influencer to create makeup tutorial videos featuring their products. The primary goal

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is to provide value first. Brands attract consumers’ attention by offering helpful and
enjoyable content.
• Having fended off “ad fatigue” via content marketing, advertisers can still drive
unnecessary purchases, leading to wastefulness.

Counterargument #2 + Rebuttal:

One may also think that wastefulness is mitigated by contemporary advertising that promotes
environmentally friendly products.

• In recent years, prominent brands have actively incorporated sustainability into their
advertising strategies.
• It seems that advertisers are encouraging consumers to be less wasteful and choose
eco-friendly options. However, are we seeing the full picture?
• The reality is that many companies engage in greenwashing. Companies are aware
that environmentally conscious people will be compelled to buy their products if they
are “greener”.
• Many exaggerate or misrepresent their commitment to sustainability in their
advertising. For example, Volkswagen highlighted the eco-friendly aspects of its cars
in advertisements but a scandal revealed that they were fabricating their low-
emissions.
• Ultimately their products are no less wasteful than the alternatives.

Conclusion

• In conclusion, I largely agree that advertising has played a pivotal role in making us
wasteful. As shown in this essay, the pervasive influence of advertisements, whether
promoting limited-time offers or persuading us to stay current with the latest trends,
creates a culture of wasteful spending.
• Although some consumers might tune out traditional ads or opt for “greener” choices,
the advent of content marketing and the prevalence of greenwashing mean consumers
continue to make unnecessary, waste-generating purchases thanks to advertisers.
• In light of these realities, it is important for consumers to exercise discernment when
interacting with advertising content. By becoming more aware of these persuasive
tactics and making conscious, informed choices, we can resist the urge to engage in
wasteful purchasing. In addition, we can consider flipping the script and collectively
demanding sustainable products to mitigate the wastefulness generated by
advertisements.

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O LEVEL ENGLISH 2021

1. Describe the sights and sounds of a shopping mall. Remember to describe the
people.

Descriptive

Understanding the Question

• “Describe the sights and sounds”: In a descriptive essay, there should be a significant
amount of detailed description of the physical characteristics of the place using your
five senses. For this essay, pay specific attention to the senses of sight and sound.

• “shopping mall”: Note that a shopping mall is an enclosed place which is generally
air-conditioned. Do not write about an open-air night market or a single shop.

• “Describe the people too”: Your description must extend to the people who visit a
shopping mall e.g. shoppers, store owners, food delivery riders etc. Describe their
actions, demeanour and mannerisms.

• You may write your essay in first- or third-person narrative. If writing in first-person,
remember to include some of your own feelings and thoughts about these descriptions
of sights, sounds, and people.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. Ion Orchard/ Marina Bay Sands

Description of Sights and Sounds

• Sights:
o Façade: gravity-defying SkyPark of Marina Bay Sands; iconic boat-shaped
observation deck recognisable from afar; sleek, curved glass exterior; entrance
featuring a grandiose canopy; façade of Ion Orchard adorned with a colossal
LED screen that displays dynamic visuals

o Eye-catching features: strategically placed skylights flood the atrium with

natural light; high ceilings, combined with strategically placed mirrors create a
spacious atmosphere; the polished marble flooring reflects the ambient lighting
from chic chandeliers, making the place look palatial

o During festive seasons: a towering Christmas tree inside ION Orchard stands
majestically in the central atrium, reaching towards the high ceiling; the tree is
bedecked with glittering ornaments in a dazzling array of colours, their sparkle
amplified by the polished marble flooring beneath

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o General sights: mannequins adorned in chic ensembles; polished marble

flooring; lavish chandeliers hang, bathing the store in an inviting light; spacious
fitting rooms with large ornate mirrors create the illusion of space; ever-watchful
and unblinking dome-shaped CCTV cameras mounted on ceilings

o People (families): fathers expertly weaving strollers through the narrow aisles;
wide-eyed children making a grab for colourful treats; parents oscillate between
admonishing and indulging the young ones; laden with shopping bags filled to
the brim.

o People (shop assistants of luxury brands): impeccably dressed with tailored

uniforms that reflect the brand’s image; exude an air of quiet sophistication;
greet valued customers with a warm smile and offer a welome drink

• Sounds:
o Rhythmic beeping of cash registers; the occasional crackle of intercom
announcements; music from different stores blends together, creating a unique
melange of genres that fills the air; sizzle of stir-fry pans, hiss of coffee
machines, and clatter of trays in the food court; familiar strains of holiday jingles

o People: low hum of chatter; rustling of shopping bags; loud giggling of teenage
shoppers; tourists speaking excitedly in foreign tongues; sharp click-clack of
heels

2. A neighbourhood mall (West Mall)

Description of Sights and Sounds

• Sights:
o Façade: run-of-the-mill façade with concrete walls and large glass windows;
entrance marked by a wide doorway with automatic sliding glass doors
(shoppers heave a sigh of relief when the cool air washes over their heated
skin); mall’s logo is prominently situated atop the mall’s structure

o During festive seasons: during Chinese New year, temporary pop-up booths
on the ground floor adorned in vibrant red and gold decorations for the
upcoming Chinese New Year; insta-worthy photo-ops with colourful mascots;
lion dancers energetically dancing to a lively tempo on a makeshift stage;
transparent plastic jars gleaming under the booth’s lights reveal a mouth-
watering assortment of pineapple tarts and peanut cookies

o General sights: vibrant storefronts compete for attention, each trying to

outshine the other; the bright glow of neon lights and LED screens flashing
promotions, brightly-coloured toy vehicles are a siren call for children; sale
banners flutter

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o People (teenagers after school): clad in untucked school uniforms; moving in

a boisterous pack; erupting in loud giggles; sipping on iced drinks and window
shopping for bargains; fleeting glances at price tags, often accompanied by
silent calculations of their meagre allowances

o People (colleagues on a weekday lunch): executives dressed in smart office

wear; groups of middle-aged office ladies with wristlets; moving through the
mall with purpose; conversations range from weekend plans to light-hearted
banter about the quirks of the workplace.

o People (shop assistants): occupied with the monotonous rearranging of

items; mechanically scanning items; forced smiles and nods; occasional eye
rolls at unreasonable customer demands; glancing at the ticking clock eagerly
looking forward to the end of the shift.

• Sounds:
o The beep-beep of barcodes being scanned at checkout counters; occasionally,
the piercing wail of security alarms from a store’s detection gates slices through
the mall’s usual hum; announcements drawing attention to special promotional
events; at the cinema, the muffled soundtracks of films seeping through the
theatre walls

o People: children throwing loud tantrums; babies’ cries punctuate the

background noise; occasional coughs and throat clears amidst hushed voices
and the gentle patter of footsteps in the carpeted library (there really is a library
here!)

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2. “I felt as though I was on top of the world.” Write about a time when you felt like
this.

Personal Recount

Understanding the Question

• “on top of the world”: a sense of extreme happiness. Take note that this is an intense
emotion.

• “a time”: Focus on a particular incident.

• “felt”: Describe your feelings of elation/ exhilaration. Note: Instead of repeatedly

telling the reader that you’re happy, consider “showing” the reader your happiness
through facial expressions, actions and dialogue.

• It is a good idea to explain why you felt so happy; what were the events leading up to
this feeling?

• If your narrative is exclusively centred on joy, it runs the risk of becoming monotonous.
Introducing challenges to overcome or less positive moments can add nuance and
make the happy moments more impactful.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. A Long-awaited Reunion: Due to the pandemic, you had not visited your
grandparents, who are living in Johor, in nearly two years. After the restrictions had
lifted, you decided to pay them a surprise visit. Nothing could prepare you for the
unbridled joy you felt upon seeing them.

o Describe how you felt during the pandemic: longing for physical closeness, virtual
communication as a hollow substitute, and how you used happy memories to cope
with your feelings.

• The ache of not being with my grandparents was even more pronounced on
special occasions. The familiar rituals were abruptly replaced by pixelated
screens and a virtual rendition of “Happy Birthday”, the joy muted by their
physical absence. Despite this, the corners of my mouth would lift when I
recall a particularly corny joke retold for the thousandth time by grandfather.

o Describe your giddy excitement and nervousness at the prospect of surprising your
grandparents.

• On the day of the trip, I bounded towards the car, pulse racing. Was showing
up unannounced really the wisest idea, I fretted, drumming my fingers idly on
the seat. Nevertheless, my exuberance could not be contained and I found
myself bobbing to my favourite beats throughout the ride to Johor.

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o Describe how you were on top of the world during the reunion. Remember, this is
the climax of your story; consider writing it in slow motion to make it more vivid.

• The door swung open with a familiar creak. Grandma's eyes, initially squinting
against the sunlight, widened as recognition dawned, and a soft smile spread
across her face.
• In that moment, the floodgates opened. Our eyes glistening with unshed
tears, we rushed forward, arms extended. Grandpa, leaning slightly on his
cane, stood a few steps behind. As our eyes met, a tear escaped, tracing a
silent path down the weathered lines of his face.
• The world outside seemed to fade away. The warmth of their arms and the
familiar scent that enveloped me brought a profound joy that words could
hardly capture. Snuggling in deeper into their embrace, I savoured Grandpa’s
slightly choked affirmations of love and welcome and inhaled Grandma’s
familiar lavender scent. I was home. I was light. I was in seventh heaven.

2. A Hard-earned Achievement: You had always struggled with Maths and failing was
the norm but after consistent practice and encouragement from your teacher, you were
ecstatic to finally pass.

o Describe how you were pleased as punch when you finally passed. Don’t be afraid
to begin with the climax!

• I blinked, hardly daring to believe my eyes. There it was, scrawled in bright

red ink: 61%. I grinned from ear to ear, barely able to stop myself from
doing a victory lap around the classroom. All my late nights, struggles with
trigonometric functions and panicked emails to my Maths teacher had
culminated in this.

o How did you achieve this? Describe your struggles in the flashback.

• You were diagnosed with dyscalculia in primary school; numbers had

always been a mystery to you.
• You would sit hunched over your maths textbook for hours on end with
furrowed brows; your gaze wandering to the confident students who
seemed to glide effortlessly through the mathematical labyrinth.
• Your maths teacher, Mrs Eva patiently turned complex equations into
digestible morsels of knowledge. With her unwavering support, you realised
that it was not just the math solutions that mattered, but the belief in oneself.
• When the day of the math exam arrived, your heart felt like a fluttering bird
trapped within your chest. You stared blankly at the questions as doubt
crept in.
• The nurturing voice of Mrs Eva echoed in your mind. With a determined
glint in your eye, you refocused your energy and began scribbling your
answers hurriedly.

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o Remember to come back to the present moment, i.e., the climax. Describe how
your classmates may not have understood why you were so happy. Perhaps they
made some cutting remarks but nothing could bring you down from your high.
In a personal recount, you can include an element of reflection.

• Not everyone shared my enthusiasm. Some classmates exchanged

puzzled frowns, and one of them couldn’t resist a condescending remark,
“Not like she aced it or anything.” However, this did not dampen my spirits
in the slightest.
• My joy wasn't really about the mark; it was about conquering a subject that
had been a formidable challenge. Their scepticism only fuelled my
determination to keep pushing the boundaries of my own potential and to
prove to myself that, with unwavering perseverance, I could overcome
anything.

o Describe how your teacher’s praise and belief in you made you even more glad
about your achievement.

• The cherry on top came when Mrs Eva stopped by my desk. “You did it,”
she praised me warmly, “I always knew you could.” The corners of her eyes
crinkled and the joy radiating from her echoed the emotion that was swelling
within me. Who knew I had it in me?

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3. “Young people are changing the world for the better.” What is your opinion?

Discursive
Understanding the Question

• “Young people”: according to the United Nations, youths are defined as individuals
between the ages of 15 and 24. Think about qualities usually associated with young
people such as idealism, irresponsibility, tech-savviness, to name a few.

• “the world”: the impact must be on a global level.

• “changing…for the better”: your essay must discuss whether or not youth are making
a positive change in the world. Think about the different domains (technological,
environmental, political, social, economical etc) in which youth are making strides.

• “What is your opinion?”: You can take a stand, but you are not required to do so. You
must, however, provide a balanced discussion that examines the issue from multiple
domains.

• You could structure your essay using a binary approach: writing two points that support
the statement and two points that do not.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement

A few exceptional young individuals are indeed making significant strides in bettering the world
through innovative healthcare solutions and social activism. However, we must also recognise
that these commendable efforts are often overshadowed by the phenomenon of “slacktivism”
and the fact that a majority of youths participate in unsustainable practices like fast fashion
consumption.

Supporting Argument #1
Young people, often characterised by their innate idealism, emerge as the vanguards of social
causes that usher in transformative global change.

• Idealism, a quality that is more prevalent in youth than in any other age group, is not
to be taken lightly. Many youngsters possess an unwavering belief that positive change
is not only possible but necessary to make the world better. Their passion empowers
them to rally for their chosen causes and inspires others to join their efforts.

• Prominent instances of youthful idealism reshaping the world include the Black Lives
Matter protests (BLM) in the United States, which saw widespread participation by
young activists following the death of George Floyd in 2020.

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• Young people advocated for policy changes, including calls to defund the police,
criminal justice reform, and increased accountability for law enforcement. Their efforts
led to discussions and changes at various levels of government.

• BLM protests spread to cities worldwide, with many young people organising and
participating in demonstrations. These protests called for justice, equality, and an end
to systemic racism in their own countries. Many universities, businesses, and local
governments responded to these calls for change by revisiting their policies, practices,
and commitments to diversity and racial equity.

• Social causes championed by young individuals challenge the status quo and confront
injustice, thereby making the world a better place.

Supporting Argument #2
Youths are bettering the world by harnessing their digital prowess to develop healthcare
innovations that impact people’s lives worldwide.

• Generation Z and millennials, often recognized as digital natives, possess a unique

ability to harness the power of technology. Among them, countless teenage tech
enthusiasts are emerging as pioneers of groundbreaking solutions to address critical
healthcare challenges.

• Take, for example, the remarkable journey of Gitanjali Rao, a teenager acclaimed as
Time magazine's Kid of the Year in 2020. Her innovative work centers around the
creation of a low-cost device for detecting lead in drinking water, a solution that directly
addresses a critical public health issue.

• Similarly, another ingenious high schooler, Erin Smith, drew inspiration from the world
of selfies to devise an early detection tool for Parkinson's disease, potentially
transforming disease detection and treatment.

• Indeed, young people’s technological knowhow has helped devise innovative solutions
that have had a profound impact on people’s health the world over.

Opposing Argument #1
A significant portion of youths today engage in practices that have devastating environmental
consequences.

• Young climate activists, like Greta Thunberg, have made headlines with their fervent
advocacy for climate action but they represent just a small fraction of youths.

• However, a substantial portion of young people, driven by the desire for affordable,
trendy clothing, have become a major demographic contributing to the fast fashion
industry. This industry is known for its rapid production and consumption of inexpensive
clothing.

• Fast fashion perpetuates a "throwaway culture" where clothing is discarded after only
a few wears, leading to significant environmental consequences. It increases pollution

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during production and disposal and the sheer volume of discarded clothing contributes
to overflowing landfills and the release of greenhouse gases, exacerbating climate
change.

• Ultimately, these practices are putting a burden on the world’s natural resources and
compromising our collective future.

Opposing Argument #2
The online activism of young people, though well-intentioned, do not always translate into
meaningful real-world impact that betters the world.

• There is even a term for this: “slacktivism”. United Nations defines slacktivism as the
act of individuals "supporting a cause through simple actions" while not necessarily
showing "active commitment or involvement in effecting change."

• Examples include the sharing of posts with trending hashtags to express solidarity with
various social and political causes, signing online petitions, or changing profile pictures
to show support for specific issues.

• One prominent example is the #BlackoutTuesday campaign, characterised by the

mass sharing of black squares on social media. This was intended to express solidarity
with the Black Lives Matter movement but ultimately backfired as it drowned out
organizing efforts and revealed a lack of consultation with on-the-ground activists.

• These forms of digital activism often require minimal effort and may not lead to
substantial change. In fact, they may inadvertently detract from the actual goals of a
social or political movement.

Conclusion

• Young people undeniably wield a significant influence on the future of this world. Their
innate idealism and technological prowess have birthed remarkable social movements
and groundbreaking healthcare innovations that resonate worldwide.

• However, it is essential to confront the fact that these commendable efforts do not
represent the actions of all young people. A majority of them engage in environmentally
damaging practices and digital activism that offers only superficial solutions to deep-
seated societal issues.

• Besides, youths are limited in their ability to enact positive global change since
decision-making authority, such as governments, is often concentrated among older
generations. This often make it difficult for young activists to institute transformative
changes.

• It is therefore important that we educate today’s youths about the environmental and
societal implications of their actions. Additionally, we should strive to create spaces
where young voices are not only heard but also have the power to influence policy and
effect real change. Only then can the statement "young people are changing the world
for the better" hold true for the majority of youths, and not just a few.

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4. “A happy person is a healthy person.” How far do you agree?

Argumentative
Understanding the Question

• “happy person”: Someone who experiences positive emotions, contentment, and

satisfaction in their life. It suggests an absence of worry or distress.

• “healthy person”: Someone who is in good physical and mental condition, free from
illness.

• Note: It is important to get the cause and effect right; the question is asking whether
you agree that happiness (cause) leads to health (effect). Discussing other causes for
good health is outside the scope of this question.

• “How far do you agree?”: State your stand explicitly (fully agree, fully disagree, or
agree to a large/ limited extent) and support it with explanations and examples.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement

While happiness is no absolute shield against illnesses, I argue that, on the whole, happy
individuals enjoy better mental and physical health than those mired in distress or discontent.

Supporting Argument #1
Happiness acts as a safeguard against mental health issues and empowers individuals to
recover more swiftly should they face such issues.

• The defining trait of a happy individual is their capacity to remain stress-free and
unburdened by worries. Consequently, they are less prone to the onset of mental
health conditions such as anxiety or depression, both of which are inherently linked to
elevated stress levels.

• A positive outlook also enables one to swiftly rebound from moments of stress when
they inevitably arise. One has better coping skills, which makes it easier to deal with
stressful situations.

• In an experiment on university students, those with high self-reported levels of

happiness showed lower stress levels during a simulated exam. Moreover, they
recovered notably faster from the stressor than their less happy counterparts.

• This underscores how happiness not only serves as a preventative measure against
excessive stress but also as a facilitator of faster stress recovery, highlighting its
positive impact on mental health.

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Supporting Argument #2
Happiness is far more than just an emotional state; it significantly contributes to many aspects
of one’s physical health.

• Scientific research consistently demonstrates that happiness and heart health go hand
in hand.

• For instance, happier folk enjoy the benefits of lower blood pressure and reduced risk
of heart disease. It doesn’t end there; the immune system reaps rewards too. A happier
state of mind prompts the release of immune-boosting substances like antibodies
which enhance the body’s ability to fight diseases like the common cold.

• It has also been shown that a positive mindset aids in quicker recovery from illnesses
and surgeries, thus demonstrating the mind-body connection's role in healing. It also
improves pain management, particularly in chronic conditions, by altering pain
perception.

• Happiness therefore plays an undeniably vital role in promoting overall physical well-
being, creating a ripple effect that benefits many facets of one's physical health.

Counterargument + Rebuttal:

Those who experience positive emotions can still be vulnerable to various health conditions,
particularly age-related illnesses and cancers.

• Age-related conditions, such as hearing loss, osteoarthritis and dementia, often

manifest as individuals age, irrespective of their emotional state. They are caused by
biological factors, as well as the cumulative effects of aging itself.

• Similarly, cancer, often caused by genetic mutations and environmental exposure, can
develop in those with a positive outlook.

• Studies have shown that the incidence of these diseases does not depend on one’s
happiness.

But although happiness is no fail-safe shield against such diseases, happier people tend to
make healthier lifestyle choices that can significantly reduce one’s risk of developing such
illnesses.

• Studies show that adults with higher levels of positive well-being tend to eat a
whopping one and half times as many fruits and vegetables as their less positive
counterparts! What’s more, they get a better night’s sleep too. Such health-promoting
actions can greatly reduce the risk of contracting illnesses.

• Moreover, some healthy habits taken up by happy folk can even potentially delay the
onset of age-related diseases like diabetes and stroke. This means that happier people
remain healthy for longer.

• Furthermore, cancer patients who are happier generally have a better quality of life
and experience fewer symptoms compared to those who are not as content. While a

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decrease in the severity of cancer doesn't equate to better health, it nonetheless

represents an improved condition.

• Thus, while happiness does not guarantee immunity against diseases, it can empower
people to adopt a healthy lifestyle which keeps them healthier for longer and reduces
the severity of illnesses if and when they come.

Conclusion

• It is imperative to acknowledge that happiness is not a miraculous panacea that

guarantees immunity from all diseases. Indeed, no single factor can act as an absolute
safeguard against every ailment that life may throw our way.

• Nonetheless, as shown in this essay, happiness wields a substantial influence over our
overall health, both in terms of mental and physical well-being. A happy person is
inherently a healthier person due to the positive impact of emotional well-being on body
and mind.

• It is also crucial to recognise that happiness and health are intertwined. This
relationship is bidirectional, and as much as happiness can enhance health, improved
health can also make individuals happier.

• In conclusion, I believe that the cultivating of happiness unlocks numerous health

benefits, fostering a virtuous cycle of well-being. I therefore agree with the statement
to a large extent.

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O LEVEL ENGLISH 2020

1. Describe ways to relax after you have been busy. Explain why it is enjoyable for you.

Descriptive + Reflective

Understanding the question

• “Describe ways to relax”: In this descriptive essay, you should describe your thoughts,
feelings and actions while you relax. You should describe 2-3 different methods of
relaxation.

• “after you have been busy”: Mention what you are busy with. Schoolwork? Extra CCA
practice?

• “explain why it is enjoyable”: This is the reflective portion of your essay. You must
analyse how/why your chosen relaxation method gives you pleasure/ contentment.

• “for you”: You should write from personal experience and from first-person POV.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. Martial Arts (Sparring with an Opponent)

• Describe:

o As I step onto the spongy foam mat, the coolness beneath my bare feet
immediately grounds me. I tighten the blue belt around my waist, the fabric snug,
and assess my opponent.

o I begin with a well-practiced roundhouse kick, extending my leg with precision. My

aim is to keep all my opponents on their toes, forcing them on the defence. I keep
an eye out for any lapses in their guard. Aha! There it is. Seizing the opening, I
follow up with a lightning quick jab to the midsection. After that, my movements are
a blend of offence and defence and I settle into a familiar routine. Sparring matches
are like a well-choreographed dance; you need to watch for cues and respond in
kind. Panting heavily, I maintain my focus, looking for chinks in my opponent’s
armour.

• Explain:

o Even as rivulets of sweat drip down my forehead and sting my eyes, I can’t help
but feel energised. I’m finally able to channel the built-up tension from the hectic
week I’ve had. True, the physical demands of this sport push me to my limits but
that is exactly why I keep coming back week after week; the feeling of my body
operating at peak efficiency is unparalleled.

o Moreover, there's no room for my mind to wander. In this heightened state of

awareness, only my opponent matters. There is only action and reaction. I can

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temporarily set aside the worries and stress from a busy day. Indeed, his meditative
quality can be profoundly relaxing.

2. Binging a Netflix series and Discussing it Online

• Describe:

o Fluffing my pillows just right, I settle down and wrap myself in my downy blanket,
humming contentedly. The fragrant smell of vanilla from my scented candle wafts
over and I can’t help but sigh in pleasure. I clasp my warm mug of coffee and hit
play on the latest episode of a Spanish drama; it’s time to indulge.

o The laptop screen illuminates my face with a soft, bluish glow, and I'm instantly
drawn into the captivating world. My heart flutters as the protagonists share a
tender moment, and I can't help but root for them. Ping! Impatiently, I silence my
phone, barely taking my eyes off my screen; the subtitled dialogues require my full
attention.

o As soon as the episode ends, I'm itching to share my thoughts. As an introvert, I

sometimes find it challenging to connect with others in person, but the online world
is a different story. Navigating to my favourite internet forum, I create a new thread,
and let my fingers fly across the keyboard. I dissect every twist and turn, analysing
the characters' choices and speculating on what might happen next

• Explain:
o As the chairperson of my CCA, I constantly find myself in a position where people
look up to me, and there's an unspoken expectation to always make the right
decisions. After a busy day of coordinating activities, I am mentally fatigued. I turn
to binge-watching as a valuable means of unwinding. It's a simple and engaging
activity that offers a welcome hiatus for my cognitive faculties. The act of following
a storyline on screen becomes a comforting escape from my responsibilities.

o Crafting a well-thought-out commentary on a character’s unique motivations is far

from a chore. It helps me tap into my creative reservoir and write something that I
can be proud of. The cherry on top is getting to share my ideas with a like-minded
online community. Oftentimes, interacting with people in real life involves certain
expectations which can be taxing, but things are more laid-back online. I’m free
from such demands and can truly be myself. Indeed, engaging in lively discussions
with others who share my passion is just another way I derive enjoyment from my
hobby.

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2. Write about a time when you did something to impress someone and regretted it.

Personal Recount + Reflective

Understanding the question

• “a time”: Focus on a particular incident or moment.

• “did something to impress someone”: You are asked to recount an action or behaviour
you engaged in with the specific intention of gaining approval, admiration, or
validation from a person. Was your attempt successful or did you fail?

• “regretted it”: Regret can involve feeling sad or sorry about a mistake you have made.
Perhaps you felt that the action itself was wrong/ caused you harm or that the effort to
impress was not worth it. You must reflect on the negative consequences of your actions.

• Note: You can have a situation where you had succeeded in impressing someone and yet
you still regret your actions.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. A Bittersweet Achievement: Your aspiration was to make a lasting impression on a
recruiter from a national sports team e.g. Singapore’s netball/ basketball/ football team.
Eager to impress, you turned in a commendable individual performance. Unfortunately,
this was at the expense of being a cooperative team member. Although you secured a spot
on the national team, you felt remorse because you compromised the trust that your
teammates had vested in you.

• Hook (Flashback):
o I opened the letter with trembling hands. “Congratulations!” was written in bold letters,
yet my heart sank. I pictured the betrayal and anger on my teammates faces; this
letter had cost me everything.

• In your introduction, you can establish from the get-go that your actions were done
specifically to gain approval:

o The energy was electric in the indoor stadium. My teammates and I diligently did our
warmup routine as we mentally geared ourselves for the heated finals against our
long-time rivals.
o What made that afternoon particularly special was the presence of a recruiter.
Nervous excitement bubbled up within me; this was my chance to secure my long-
awaited dream of playing for Singapore. One way or the other, I had to impress him.

• As the game began, you couldn't help but fixate on the scout. Every action of yours was
an attempt to flaunt your prowess. You made shots with finesse, navigated past defenders
effortlessly, and contributed critical points to your team. Your heart swelled with pride
knowing that you had a real future in the sport.

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• However, in the second half, the pressure got to you; you knew you had to maintain this
level of performance to secure the scout's attention. You started to hog the ball and
attempted challenging shots when passing to a teammate might have been the wiser
choice. Your focus shifted from the team's success to your personal stats.

• Reflect on the consequences of your actions and why you regretted it:

o The final buzzer rang, and as the cheering crowd erupted in celebration, I stood near
the sideline, catching my breath. The recruiter approached, a broad smile on his face,
and patted me on the arm. "Impressive performance out there."

o However, my teammates’ accusing looks bore into my conscience. They knew what I
had done. They were aware of my ambitions, yes, but they had never expected me to
prioritise it over our collective goal. Our victory felt hollow, tainted by my desperate
need to stand out. The usual camaraderie was replaced by an uncomfortable silence,
broken only by the muted whispers that filled the air. Even Mark, our stoic captain,
shook his head ever so slightly; I had shattered everyone’s trust.

o With every pat on the back and congratulatory word from the recruiter, the guilt
intensified. I couldn't help but replay those crucial moments in the game where I had
let my personal ambitions eclipse the very essence of team sports. My selfish actions
had nearly cost us the match.

• Remember to come back to the present: what was your response to the letter?

2. A Change of Heart: You wanted to gain the approval of Evanna, the charismatic leader
of a clique, so you decided to join her team in fundraising efforts. However, she was far
from impressed despite your best efforts. Eventually, you felt disgusted and ashamed of
yourself when it became painfully clear that you had been using this charitable cause to
satisfy your own selfish need for validation.

• Introduction:
o You were an insecure teenager who found herself on the fringes of a popular clique.
When Evanna sought your help with organising a fundraiser, you were flattered
beyond belief. You jumped at the chance and agreed to be part of the team.

• Rising Action:
o The days were filled with a whirlwind of activity and you threw yourself into the
work, pouring blood, sweat and tears into this cause. You tirelessly organised the
fundraiser items and reached out to potential donors hoping for Evanna’s
acknowledgement.

o However, as time passed, you could not ignore the growing feeling that you were
being taken advantage of. You were always the one tasked with the thankless tasks
and the dirty work. Moreover, Evanna is very judgmental and always found faults
with your work.

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• Climax (where you finally realised Evanna was far from impressed):

o "You need to pay more attention to how you sign off on emails," Evanna scolded.
"This isn't good enough, and you should know better by now."

o My frustration reached a boiling point, and I couldn't contain it any longer. "Evanna,"
I said, voice quivering with irritation, "I can't take this constant criticism. Nothing I
do is ever good enough for you."

o Evanna's eyes narrowed, and she replied dismissively. "If you can't handle
constructive feedback, maybe this isn't the right place for you.”

• Resolution (where you reflect on your own motivations for helping Evanna in the first
place and feel regret)

o In the aftermath, I was forced to confront an ugly truth about myself. Just as Evanna
had been using me for unappealing tasks, I, too, had seen my involvement in this
altruistic cause as my golden ticket, a way to earn Evanna’s approval and
admiration.

o Feelings of shame, self-loathing, and regret washed over me in waves. The

cause, which was meant to be about helping others, had become a means to serve
my own selfish motives. The dichotomy between my intentions and my actions left
me utterly disgusted with myself.

o I came to learn that external validation was not the measure of my worth. I had
been pursuing it with fervour, yet it left me feeling empty and disillusioned. True
validation has to come from within. As long as I was striving to make a positive
impact, the applause of others did not matter one iota.

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3. Learning how to respond to mistakes is essential for success. What is your opinion?

Discursive

Understanding the question

• “Learning how to respond to mistakes”:

o The question is asking how you react or deal with mistakes. Note that not
responding to, or ignoring, a mistake is also a kind of response!

o The kind of mistake matters too; is it a minor slipup or a major blunder. Are you
responding to your own mistake or someone else’s?

“essential”: The question is asking whether learning how to respond to mistakes is

absolutely necessary for success. Is it true that we cannot achieve success without
learning how to respond to mistakes (whether our own or others)?

• “success”: Success refers to achievement. Think about different contexts. Are we talking
about academic achievement or entrepreneurial success?

• “What is your opinion?”: You can take a stand, but you are not required to do so. You
must, however, provide a balanced discussion that examines the issue from multiple
domains.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement

I firmly believe that resilience in the face of personal mistakes and responding positively to the
errors of others are pivotal elements in achieving success. It is important to acknowledge the
existence of exceptional cases, but these principles generally hold true.

Supporting Argument #1
To have any hope of succeeding, it is imperative to respond with unwavering perseverance
when you make mistakes.

• Humans are not infallible; if we let each setback dishearten us, we will never achieve
success.

• Consider the example of Thomas Edison who had to endure thousands of failures in his
quest for the ideal filament material for the light bulb. Imagine if he had simply given up!
Thankfully for us, his relentless experimentation did not cease. His ability to learn from his
mistakes, adapt his approach and remain steadfast culminated in his eventual success.

• Similarly, Steve Jobs made a series of poor decisions only to be ousted by the very
company that he had founded. Never giving up, he returned to Apple and led the company
to create products that have since become cultural icons. His relentless pursuit of

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innovation gave us the iPhone, the iPad, the MacBook — every one of these innovations
came from a place of failure, from lessons learned, from the courage to try again.

• Indeed, success is never guaranteed despite our best efforts. However, giving up in the
face of adversity means failure while persistence offers us, at least, a chance of success.
Ultimately, learning to respond to mistakes with a positive mindset is essential for success.

Supporting Argument #2
Responding favourably to others' mistakes encourages problem-solving and risk-taking, two
critical elements for achieving collaborative success.

• It is not only important to respond well to your own mistakes well but also the mistakes of
those under your charge. This principle is particularly critical in both educational and
professional contexts.

• For instance, when teachers approach students' mistakes with empathy and provide
supportive guidance, it serves as a source of inspiration, encouraging students to employ
creative problem-solving skills. Conversely, offering harsh critiques can have the adverse
effect of diminishing students' confidence in their problem-solving abilities.

• Similarly, in a professional setting, employees who are always penalised for their errors
may develop a risk-averse mindset. This could lead them to favour routine tasks and shy
away trying new ideas, or venturing into uncharted territory. This, in turn, can obstruct a
company's ability to adapt and innovate, ultimately affecting its success and growth.

• Only when individuals are provided a safe space to err do they have the opportunity for
genuine growth. Therefore, encouraging a culture of continuous improvement in response
to errors is instrumental in nurturing problem-solving and risk-taking, both of which are
indispensable for achieving success.

Opposing Argument #1
While making mistakes is often seen as inevitable in the path to success, it is important to
acknowledge that, in theory, success can be achieved without making mistakes, much less
learning from them.

• This theory finds some support in exceptional cases where individuals seem to defy the
conventional wisdom of using mistakes as stepping stones to success.

• Think about child prodigies in domains like mathematics or music, where their
extraordinary abilities catapult them to the highest levels of success. Remarkably, they
bypass the conventional learning curve and frequently surpass individuals with decades
more experience, despite the latter grappling with numerous errors and challenges along
the way.

• In addition, there are instances in entrepreneurship where a select few business owners
may strike gold at an early stage of their endeavours, guided by a stroke of luck or fortunate

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timing. Indeed, such examples make one believe that success can be achieved without a
significant history of mistakes.

• One can, therefore, make the argument that making mistakes and learning from them is
not a prerequisite for success. Nonetheless, it's crucial to understand that these instances
are the exception rather than the norm.

Conclusion

• Throughout this discussion, I've highlighted that perseverance and constructive responses
to mistakes as essential components to success. It's equally crucial to recognise that
exceptions do exist, where success seems to emerge without an extensive history of
errors. These outliers remind us that the road to success can take various forms.

• What we can glean from this is that success is a multifaceted concept, and there is no
one-size-fits-all formula to guarantee it. Besides, the factors discussed here do not even
begin to encompass the entirety of elements contributing to success. Oftentimes, financial
resources, networking skills, passion and motivation emerge as key determinants too.

• Ultimately, genuine and enduring success arises from a confluence of factors and the
profound realisation that “To err is human”. The journey to success is not about avoiding
mistakes but about learning, adapting, and growing from them. It is by viewing errors not
as setbacks, but as opportunities for growth that we can navigate the path to success more
effectively

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4. “There’s no place like home.” Is it true to you?

Discursive + Reflective

Understanding the question

• “There’s no place like home”:

o This is an idiomatic expression which means that home is the best and most
comfortable place; there is no better place in the world.

o Do note that this is an absolute statement which you would not fully agree with.

• “Is it true to you?”:

o You must give your stand; is the statement true or false?

o Note that this differs from a typical discursive essay; your answer must be
reflective in nature and the discussion must pertain to you. It’s advisable to use
first-person POV.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement

For me, home is usually a source of stress and tension, and it tends to be the place where I
fall into a monotonous routine. So despite my appreciation for the comfort and nostalgia that
home provides, I find it challenging to wholeheartedly embrace the sentiment that there is no
place like it, that home is the ultimate place.

Opposing Argument #1

The unique blend of personal items and a welcoming atmosphere has made my home feel
like the most comfortable sanctuary.

• The moment I step through the front door of my home, coziness and familiarity greet me
like old friends. I know I’m finally in a place that affords me the personal space I need.

• Home is filled with my cherished belongings, from the worn-in armchair where I love to
read to the colourful art pieces that adorn the walls. The carefully selected decor, the well-
loved furniture, and even the unique collection of mugs I have on display is a never-ending
source of comfort.

• The accumulation of these material possessions has imbued my home with a unique and
deeply personal aura that no other place can replicate. This is why home is a haven of
familiarity and comfort that is unmatched by any other place.

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• Focusing on the material aspect of my home might appear superficial to some;

nevertheless, in a world of constant flux, the stability of my home makes it a place I always
look forward to returning to.

Opposing Argument #2

The nostalgic charm of home sets it apart from other places and gives me a sense of
belonging.

• The nostalgia I associate with home is a powerful force that draws me back time and again.
When I walk through the familiar doorways, the memories of the “good old days” surge
forth, and I'm instantly transported to different phases of my life.

• The faded photographs on the walls capture moments of pure joy - the matching toothless
grins of my sibling and me. I can’t help but wince remembering how the childhood
misadventure landed me in the hospital! As I move through my home, I hear the echoes
of laughter from the stories told around the round dining table.

• The chapters of my life are ingrained in these very walls. It's here that I'm reminded of my
true self, and I find solace in the knowledge that my family is just a heartbeat away, ready
to embrace me whenever life's currents take me adrift.

Supporting Argument #1

However, the familiarity and predictability of home has become a double-edged sword; I feel
trapped in a monotonous cycle.

• My daily morning ritual is a striking example of this. The same blaring alarm, the same
lukewarm shower, and the same routine breakfast create a sense of living life on autopilot.
It's as if I'm merely a passive observer, allowing life to happen to me, rather than actively
engaging in it.

• The weekend cleaning routine offers another glimpse into this dilemma. While the
importance of maintaining a tidy home is undeniable, the repetitiveness of these never-
ending tasks can drain the excitement from the prospect of a refreshing weekend.

• As someone deeply committed to adventure and personal growth, I yearn to break free
from the comfortable cocoon of home. It's a place where everything remains the same for
too long, and I'm aware that such stagnation is detrimental.

• There's truth in the saying, "Familiarity breeds contempt," and I can’t help but agree. This
contempt doesn't stem from a lack of love for home but from a longing for the richness of
new experiences beyond its comforting confines.

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Supporting Argument #2

Furthermore, home often becomes a battleground; conflict happens so frequently at home that
I would rather be anywhere else in the world.

• When arguments become a recurring theme in my home, it erodes the sense of safety and
comfort that I come to associate with home. These disputes often revolve around various
issues, from financial concerns to differences in opinions and values.

• Whether it’s the constant shouting matches between my parents or the subsequent
walking on eggshells, I am left feeling emotionally drained and perpetually on edge. This
ongoing stress takes a toll on my mental and emotional well-being, turning what should be
a sanctuary into a source of anxiety and unrest.

• Due to these challenges, I often choose to prolong my time away from home as much as
possible, seeking refuge outside until the household finally settles down. Even then, as I
return home under the cover of night, I cannot help but remain uncertain about when the
fragile truce will once again be broken.

Conclusion

• Although I am grateful for the comfort and nostalgia that home affords me, I cannot fully
accept the notion that home – a place where tension and monotony reign – is the ultimate
place.

• In truth, I have a love-hate relationship with my home. When I find myself away from home,
the longing to return is undeniable. But once I am back in the familiar confines of home,
an irresistible urge to escape indefinitely takes over. This push and pull is a never-ending
cycle that I may never break.

• Traditionally, home has been associated with a physical location, a house or apartment
where one lives, and this is the approach I have taken throughout this discussion.
However, as our lives become more transient, and the boundaries between work and
personal life blur, many people are redefining "home" to extend beyond a specific place.
For me, "home" transcends physical boundaries; I like to think of “home” as a state of mind
where I find happiness, regardless of my geographical location. Home is in the laughter
shared with friends over a meal. It is in the solitude found in nature's embrace. It is even
in the comfort of my own beanbag.

• So the saying that “there’s no place like home” does not resonate with me in a traditional
sense. I have discovered my own interpretation of it: rather than say there is no “place”
like home, for me, there is no feeling quite like home, for where there is contentment, I am
always home.

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O LEVEL ENGLISH 2019

1. Which person has had the most positive impact on your life? Describe this
individual’s personality and in what ways he or she has influenced you.

Descriptive + Reflective

Understanding the question:

• “person”: You are required to only describe one person and not multiple figures. It could
be a celebrity, your parent, relative, teacher, friend etc.

• “has had”: From a time in the past till now. This could be from your childhood years till
now, but it means the positive impact should still be evident.

• “the most positive impact on your life”: Strong positive influence on your life.

• “Describe this individual’s personality”: Do not just state the characteristic traits that
this person has, but describe the behaviours and actions that demonstrate the
personality. One or two dialogues would be a bonus!

• “in what ways he or she has influenced you”: Give examples that illustrate the change
in your actions and behaviours.

• Elaborate on how your character has developed or grown after knowing this individual..
Specify the aspects of “your life” that are being influenced. Provide both short-term and
long-term impact for a mature response.

• It is recommended that you write about three or four different qualities, one for each
body paragraph.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. My mother

• Personality trait: kind and empathetic

o Her background, being an orphan since the tender age of nine, has endowed her
with an innate tenderness for homeless children.

o This compassion manifests itself in the form of her weekly volunteer work, where
she immerses herself in the service of those less fortunate. Despite the modest
means of our family, she is constantly seeking ways to alleviate their hardships, be
it through donating groceries or financial contributions. Guided by the principle that

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kindness breeds kindness, she firmly believes in extending a helping hand to

others. “Life is unpredictable,” she constantly tells me, “and we could very well
need the help of others someday.”

• Explain in what ways he/ she has influenced you:

o When I was younger, I resented the fact that she had our family volunteer at the
local soup kitchen/ church/ temple/ charity organisation during Christmas. While
my friends were busy unwrapping their presents, I was made to serve meals to
those less fortunate. My mother’s explanation that “Christmas is about giving, not
just receiving” would be met with an eye roll from me.

o But over the years, I have come to realise that while unwrapping presents brought
momentary joy, the warmth I felt in my heart from serving those meals lingered far
longer.

o Thanks to mom, I've learned to see the world not just through my eyes, but through
the eyes of others. Doing so makes me more aware of the needs and feelings of
those around me. It is not just about offering one-time help—it's about being able
to understand their struggles as well.

• Personality trait: admits her mistakes and holds me accountable for mine

o Parents are often seen as infallible figures by their children. But my mother has
never given me this illusion. Since young, she has always been upfront about her
own missteps and never shied away from admitting when she was wrong. She
believes that the best way to teach is by example, and in doing so, she has shown
me that everyone, regardless of their status or age, is prone to making mistakes.

o There were times when I found her strictness overwhelming —instances when I
wished she would let me off the hook easily like some of my friends' parents did.
But looking back, I realise that her insistence on accountability was her way of
preparing me for the real world.

o Her approach to parenting also includes acknowledging her own errors. For
instance, if she has unjustly scolded me for something, she would later apologise
and explain why she was wrong.

• Explain in what ways he/ she has influenced you:

o Upon reflection, I think my mother’s insistence on accountability and strictness with

me has made me a more humble person. When I make a mistake, like forgetting a
friend's birthday or messing up during a group project, I apologise instead of fishing
around for excuses. Saying “I’m sorry” is not always easy, but at least it prevents
disagreements from blowing up into major conflicts.

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o Watching her admit her mistakes has also made me realise that there is no shame
in admitting you are wrong. In fact, I have come to find it pretty liberating! So when
I fare poorly in a test or an assignment, I do not go blaming my teachers for giving
vague instructions or the subject for being too complex; I take a good hard look at
where I slipped up, figure out how to fix it, and then I actually do better next time.

2. A celebrity (dancer, singer or actor) I am a fan of

• Personality trait: pursuit of excellence and never settling for less

o As a fan, it truly is inspiring to see his commitment to excellence. He goes beyond

simply executing dance moves; he breathes life into each performance. He has
been known to practise the same dance move over and over until he gets it right.
This level of perfectionism, this refusal to settle for anything less than excellence,
is part of what makes him stand out.

o The highs and lows, the triumphant victories and the tough days — he shares them
all openly on his Instagram page. Uploaded videos show him in rehearsal rooms,
practising the same sequence until he nails it. Even through the screen, I can feel
his drive and his unwavering commitment to never settle for less. It is, in a word,
infectious!

• Explain in what ways he/ she has influenced you:

o His influence on me has not been loud or dramatic. Instead, it has been a quiet,
persistent voice that reminds me to strive for excellence, to embrace the journey
with all its ups and downs, and above all, to never settle for less.

o His dedication to perfect his dance moves has inspired me to approach my studies
with the same level of persistence. I aim higher and no longer settle for merely
passing a subject.

o Moreover, his influence extends beyond the classroom into my co-curricular

activities as well. I am part of the school's drama club, and here too, his
commitment to perfection resonates with me. I have started investing more time in
rehearsing my lines, understanding my character, and working on my performance.
Knowing that excellence requires time and practice, I have become more patient
as well.

• Personality trait: humble and down-to-earth

o On the stage, he stood amidst glittering lights and thunderous applause, yet there
was something strikingly grounded about him. As he received the award and began
to speak, it was clear that his words were not those of a star basking in fame; rather,
they expressed the heartfelt gratitude of a man who was grounded by a genuine

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respect for all those who had a role in his journey. It was clear that to him, the
applause was not a sign to rest on his laurels, but a reminder to keep pushing
boundaries, to keep improving.

o A smile tugged at my lips when, even in that moment of glory, he did not lose sight
of his fans! He thanked us for our unwavering support and our cheers that fuelled
his spirit.

• Explain in what ways he/ she has influenced you:

o His ability to stay grounded, even when riding high on success, has had a palpable
impact on my life. For instance, when I was chosen by my coach as the captain of
our school basketball team, it was a big deal and pretty easy to get carried away
with all the attention. But then I was reminded of how this role model of mine would
carry himself were he in a similar position.

o So instead of basking in the limelight, I took a moment to recognise the people who
had had a hand in this achievement. I expressed my gratitude to my coach for his
faith in my leadership abilities and for shaping me into a leader.

o This role model has helped me realise that the true value of success does not
solely lie in the applause, but in the journey and the people who were part of it. And
for that, I'm truly grateful.

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2. ‘It was my proudest moment.’ Write about a time when you felt like this.

Personal Recount + Reflective

Understanding the question:

• “my proudest moment”: This could be the result of an achievement, accomplishment,
or act that you personally consider significant. What did you accomplish? What
significant milestone did you reach? What challenge did you overcome?

o Since the word “proudest” is superlative, the incident should be highly eventful
and significant to your life.
o Note that “proud” here has a positive connotation. In this context, you are not
being arrogant.

“a time when you felt like this”: Focus on a specific incident.

• Note that you can be proud of yourself or proud of others. Elaborate on why you felt
proud. What effort have you put in that made you satisfied with the positive results?
How have you proven yourself worthy of the great feeling?

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. Opening up about personal struggles and how it helped others:

You plucked up the moral courage to share about something personal that has been
affecting you (e.g. depression, cyberbullying, family troubles etc.) despite knowing that
schoolmates may view you differently afterwards. It turned out that your share resonated
with several schoolmates who later thanked you for making them feel less alone.

• To your friends, your life seemed like a well-structured narrative. You lived with your
parents in a nice neighbourhood and you were doing well in school. But every night,
you went to bed with the sound of your parents arguing in the background. You
hoped against hope that things would get better, but the arguments only grew more
frequent and intense.

• One evening, your worst fears materialised. Your parents sat you down and
confirmed what you had been dreading—they were getting a divorce. Despite
knowing that this was a possibility, hearing the official confirmation of your parents'
decision to divorce was a different kind of pain. The reality and finality of it all was
much harder to bear than the uncertainty you had been living with.

• In the midst of this emotional chaos, you made a bold choice to share your
experience in an Instagram post. The decision was fraught with shame and
embarrassment—you feared the judgment from relatives and potential
misunderstandings that could arise from sharing such intimate details. Yet, you also
hoped that by sharing your story, you could help others going through similar
experiences feel less isolated. You poured out your fears, your anger, your
confusion. Hitting “post” was both nerve-wracking and cathartic.

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• Your post was met with an unexpected outpouring of support from your
schoolmates. Several schoolmates reached out privately, thanking you for sharing
your story. They revealed that your post had resonated with them, helping them
feel much less alone in their own struggles.

• What started as a personal post on Instagram turned into a communal space for
support and understanding, an unplanned but welcome outcome. Seeing that your
post had spark this dialogue and encouraged schoolmates to share their own
struggles was your singular proudest moment.

Here’s a possible introduction to this essay:

From the outside looking in, my life probably seemed like a well-edited movie. I was
the boy with the infectious laugh, the one who was always surrounded by friends,
always ready with a joke. I was the kid who seemed to have it all together. But beneath
the easy smiles, there lay a different story, one filled with raised voices echoing through
the hallways of my home, of hushed whispers behind closed doors, and a constant,
gnawing fear that any day, my parents' marriage might crumble into a million pieces.

The undercurrents of tension at home always swirled around the same topic—money.
And every night, the arguments would begin like clockwork. As I lay in bed, I would
hear the muffled sounds of disagreement seeping through the walls. Every discussion
about budgeting or expenditures would quickly turn into a blazing argument. Money
used to be just a means to an end, but now, it was threatening to spell the end of my
parents’ marriage.

Yet every morning, I would push aside the gnawing worries and go to school with a
facade of normalcy. I learned to wear a mask, to project an image of the carefree
teenager everyone thought me to be. It was easier that way; it was easier to laugh off
the tension, to brush aside the fears, to pretend everything was okay—at least until I
could no longer pretend.

2. Persevering in a competition:
You participated in a national cooking/sport/art competition for teenagers but during the
competition, you ran into an obstacle (e.g. accidentally cut yourself deeply) and were
tempted to throw in the towel.

• You have always loved cooking and decided to participate in a cooking competition
organised by your community centre/ by a youth organisation. You had been looking
forward to the day of the competition to showcase your latest creation, your
signature dish—an inventive fusion pizza of blue cheese and pineapple.

• The competition began and to your delight, the challenge was for contestants to
whip up their signature dishes using a pantry of ingredients. You selected the
ingredients and made your way to the workstation.

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• The clock was ticking. As luck would have it, you accidentally cut your finger as you
were slicing the dicing the pineapples. Blood started oozing out of the wound; the
knife and chopping board turned red.

• “Argh!” you howled. The judges instructed the first-aid team to attend to you. The
judges then asked if you would like to continue with the competition. The wound
was a little deeper than usual and the pain was excruciating. More importantly, you
were demoralised and knew almost for certain that victory was elusive. You felt like
giving in but in the end, you gritted your teeth and went back to the battlefield.

• Describe how you persevered throughout the competition and completed the dish.
Describe the judges’ reaction to your dish.

• Although you did not win the competition, the judges and audience were impressed
by your perseverance. You even received praise from the chef whom you respected
the most. You felt that everything was worth the pain. Describe how you were proud
of yourself for overcoming a challenge and earning the respect of your idol. You
have learnt that a sense of achievement comes from defying the odds.

Here’s a possible climax of this essay:

"Ouch!" I winced. My knife clattered onto the chopping board as crimson blood stained
my white apron. A collective gasp echoed around the room. Swiftly, the judges
signalled for the first-aid team, who rushed over to attend to my injury. As they
bandaged my finger, I glanced back at my workstation—a scene of interrupted
creation. I urged the team to hurry—the clock was ticking! Around me, the kitchen
buzzed with activity, while I found myself at a standstill, trapped in a bubble of
frustration.

“Do you still want to continue?” the head judge asked, a sceptical brow raised. His
question hung in the air, mirroring my own doubts. I looked around again. The other
contestants were already plating their dishes, while mine was still just a pile of raw
ingredients. There was no way I could win this.

Yet despite that realisation, something stirred within me. "Yes," I replied, the word
slipping out firm and resolute. "I want to continue." I nodded my thanks to the first-aid
team and made my way back to my station. Picking up my knife, I turned to face the
challenge before me once again. It was time to catch up.

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3. ‘Most young people today are too obsessed with fame and imitating celebrities.’
What are your views?

Expository – Discursive

Understanding the question:

• “Most young people”: According to the United Nations, youths are defined as
individuals between the ages of 15 and 24. Remember that young people are not a
homogenous group.

• “today”: Think about features of modern society that relate to fame and celebrities—
social media, celebrity culture, reality television, the rise of influencer culture etc.

• “too obsessed with”: “Too” is an absolute modifier that suggests excess. In this case,
it suggests an unhealthy and excessive level of interest in fame and imitating
celebrities. This implies spending an undue amount of time, energy, or resources on
these pursuits. Discuss the issue in a negative light.

• “obsessed with fame”: Not only an excessive preoccupation with becoming famous but
also an excessive interest in things related to celebrity culture. What is it about fame
that attracts young people?

• “imitating celebrities”: Mimicking artists like singers or actors. It can be about physical
appearance, values, beliefs, actions and speech.

Elaborate on the characteristics of teenagers today, as well as society, that cause

teenagers to be obsessed with idolising celebrities. What are the behaviours they
exhibit? How do these actions negatively impact their life and the people around them?

• “What are your views?”: You are not required to take a stand but you can do so. You
must, however, provide a balanced discussion that examines the issue from multiple
domains.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Most young people today are too obsessed with fame and imitating celebrities.

1. Youths today resort to drastic measures to literally resemble their celebrity idols.

• The media today constantly portrays celebrities as epitomes of attractiveness and

success. Thanks to filters and the many photo editing tools available, advertisers and
celebrities themselves can enhance appearances, making bodily perfection and
unrealistic flawlessness seem an achievable goal.

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• For many youths, it follows that resembling these celebrities would make one as
physically attractive as their idol, which is one way to gain social approval and
popularity amongst peers.

• Some youths would even go under the knife or adopt unreasonable celebrity-inspired
weight loss diets and workouts to fulfil their desire to be like their idols. In a bid to look
like their K-pop idols, teenagers are opting for double eyelid surgery, nose bridge
implants, face contouring, or even what is termed full face surgery. This means shelling
out money and exposing themselves to medical risks associated with these
surgeries—what drastic measures just to resemble an idol!

2. Social media and influencer culture fuel this obsession with fame and celebrity status.

• Social media gives teenagers convenient access to their idols’ profiles and as a result,
youths can follow their celebrities more obsessively than ever.

• Also, the portrayal of celebrities’ lifestyles on social media gives impressionable

teenagers a false sense of reality, depicting fame as something always to be aspired
to. Blinded by the glamorous, glitzy lifestyles of celebrities, youths are unaware of the
flip side of fame, the undesirable consequences that fame could potentially bring.

• Influencer culture fuels this obsession as influencers, unlike traditional celebrity film
stars or singers, start out as ordinary people. This gives young people the impression
that fame is highly achievable and not just limited to a select few born into stardom or
possessing extraordinary talent.

• Influencers like Logan Paul and Hudda Kattan often portray a seemingly perfect
lifestyle, filled with luxury goods, travel, and success. This depiction can make young
people aspire to the same lifestyle, believing that achieving fame will give them access
to such experiences.

Most young people today are not too obsessed with fame and imitating celebrities.

3. Most young people today are more preoccupied with their studies than celebrity worship,
especially in competitive societies where academia is prioritised.

• In many Asian countries, the education system revolves around high-stakes,

standardised tests and the majority of the students spend their time completing
assignments, attending enrichment classes and doing revision. This leaves little time
for them to be involved in emulating celebrities for the sake of becoming famous.

• On average, students in Singapore spend 50 hours a week studying, including going

to school and participating in extra-curricular activities.

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• Students in countries like Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea are also under much
academic pressure due to the hyper-competitive culture and parental expectations. In
fact, the situation in South Korea has grown so severe that the authorities had to step
in and introduce maximum operating hours for after-school enrichment academies.

• With such hectic and stressful lifestyles, it is no wonder that most teenagers in these
societies do not invest their time in mimicking celebrities. One might even argue that
the pursuit of academic excellence is our unhealthy obsession instead.

4. There are many idealistic youths today who are passionate about causes that actually
change the world for the better.

• These youths are committed to a bigger cause than the pursuit of personal fame and
glory. Whether it be social justice causes, environmental awareness, or even issues of
war and peace, young people worldwide are stepping up to make their voices heard.

• The recent Palestine-Israel conflict has, for instance, stirred up passions amongst
undergraduate students in Europe, who have taken to various platforms to express
their solidarity with either Israel or Palestine. The Black Lives Matter movement also
saw significant youth participation, with youths taking to the streets during the 2020
BLM protests to demand racial equality and put an end to police brutality in the States.

• These are causes with profound impact on society and are certainly more meaningful
than navel-gazing pursuits like that of chasing celebrity status for oneself.

Conclusion:

• The glamour and glitz of a celebrity lifestyle can certainly be appealing to some youths,
what with media portrayals airbrushing reality and presenting only all that glitters.

• However, this is far from a universal trend. While a percentage of youths are indeed
so bedazzled by fame that they would even undergo the surgeon’s knife to resemble
their idols, these young people are not in the majority.

• The truth is, today's youth are as diverse in their aspirations as they are in their
backgrounds. Yes, some may dream of red carpets and flashing lights, but many more
dream of university degrees, social reform, and making a meaningful impact on the
world. I feel proud to say that most of us young people find meaning in pursuits more
pragmatic than mere glitz and glamour.

• Therefore, I believe that the narrative of today's youth being obsessed with fame and
celebrities is, at best, oversimplified, and at worst, terribly misleading. We must not let
the obsessions of a few overshadow the fact that most of us youths are more
aspirational than often given credit for.

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4. ‘People can only be happy if they feel they are treated fairly.’ Do you agree?

Expository – Argumentative

Understanding the question:

▪ “People”: People come from all walks of life. Consider the perspectives of people of
different gender, race, religion, profession, education level, etc

▪ “can only be happy”: The word “only” is an absolute word which suggests that one cannot
experience happiness if they believe they are not treated fairly.

▪ “they feel they are treated fairly”: the word “feel” implies that the perception of reality
matters more than what happens in reality. What actions can make a person feel that they
are treated unfairly? What does it mean to be fair? You can explain fairness by making a
comparison with unfair treatment.

▪ “Do you agree”: You must take a stand. Do you agree to a limited, certain, or large extent?
It is recommended to write two paragraphs in support of your stand and one counter-
argument + rebuttal paragraph.

▪ It is not recommended to agree with the statement due to the absolute word “only”. Reality
is almost always too nuanced for us to apply absolutes.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement

The principle of fairness is deeply ingrained in our psychological makeup and if violated, can
undeniably lead to our developing negative feelings such as resentment, frustration and envy.
However, I posit that happiness is not solely reliant on this perception of fairness and that it
is entirely plausible for individuals to experience joy and fulfilment, regardless of their given
circumstances.

Opposing Argument #1 (agreeing with statement) + Rebuttal

1. Being treated unfairly causes people to feel resentful and envious because they believe that
they deserve to receive equal treatment.

• Growing up in democratic societies, we are promised the right of fair treatment

regardless of ethnicity or religion. This promise of equality is literally rooted in the
constitutions of democratic societies. Therefore, when we are treated unfairly due to
our race, gender, religion or economic status, we feel that our rights have been
violated. When we feel deprived of a right, we undeniably develop negative feelings
like hatred and indignation, and many would be ready to fight for this right to equality.

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• Across the globe, numerous social movements, campaigns to combat discrimination

and prejudice, and even wars are triggered because of these feelings: Black Lives
Matter, #MeTooMovement, the International Day to Combat Islamophobia to name a
few.

• Furthermore, with unfair treatment, it is also possible that people develop feelings of
envy and frustration towards those who enjoy the privileges of the majority culture.

• Rebuttal: It is important to remember that even in environments riddled with

discrimination, individuals can and often do find happiness in communal solidarity,
shared experiences, and the pursuit of change. These fights against injustice— Black
Lives Matter, #MeTooMovement, the International Day to Combat Islamophobia—
while challenging, can bring about a sense of purpose and achievement, contributing
to overall happiness.

Opposing Argument #2 (agreeing with statement) + Rebuttal

2. Unfair treatment can significantly impact an individual's psychological well-being, often

leading to feelings of shame and inferiority.

• Human beings are inherently social creatures that crave acceptance and respect from
their peers. When subjected to persistent unfair treatment, individuals may internalise
this negativity, leading to a deep-seated sense of shame. They may start to believe
they are less deserving of respect and dignity, which can be detrimental to their self-
esteem.

• Fear of ostracization can also reinforce this cycle of shame. To avoid further alienation,
individuals may choose to remain silent about their experiences of discrimination,
perpetuating feelings of helplessness and self-blame.

• A classic example of this is seen in corporate environments where employees tolerate

unfair practices, harassment, or bias silently due to fear of retaliation, job loss, or
harming their career progression.

• Rebuttal: We must, however, acknowledge that people don’t have to be passive

recipients of their circumstances! In fact, many have courageously stood up to unfair
treatment. In corporate environments, for instance, there have been numerous whistle-
blowers who, despite the risks, have exposed unfair practices and harassment.

• Many individuals who are the victims of prejudice demonstrate remarkable resilience
and challenge the negative messages rather than accepting them, thereby preserving
their self-esteem. Therefore, this argument that perceived unfair treatment fosters
shame does not hold true for all.

Supporting argument #1 (disagreeing with statement)

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3. Happiness can be derived from a multitude of sources and these sources can provide a
solid foundation for happiness that withstands even the most adverse circumstances.

• The concept of happiness is multi-faceted and extends far beyond a simple response
to our immediate environment or treatment by others. It is a complex emotional state
influenced by a myriad of internal and external factors.

• For instance, personal relationships serve as a significant source of happiness for

many individuals. The love and support shared with family, friends, or partners can act
as a buffer against negativity, including unfair treatment from others.

• There’s something so magical about feeling loved and valued by those you treasure,
isn’t there? And there is nothing quite like knowing someone out there cherishes you
unconditionally, just as you are. This love boosts your self-esteem, helping you to see
yourself through kinder eyes, which in turn, contributes to happiness.

• Personal achievements and progress can also foster a sense of happiness. Whether
it be advancing in one's career, mastering a new skill or buying a new house, when we
set goals and work towards them, every small victory or step forward can generate a
sense of accomplishment and satisfaction. These milestones can bring joy and
satisfaction, counteracting the negativity of unfair treatment.

• Life has so much to offer and we need not fixate on the unfair treatment that we receive.
While adverse circumstances may cast a shadow, one does not necessarily need to
dwell on these negatives, especially if one’s happiness is built on a foundation robust
enough to weather life’s storms.

Supporting argument #2 (disagreeing with statement)

4. Genuine happiness comes from within and is shaped by our thoughts, perceptions, and
attitudes rather than by how others treat us.

• I believe that acceptance is key to cultivating genuine happiness. Acceptance is not

about feeling defeated and resigned, but about acknowledging reality without letting it
breed resentment or bitterness. Let’s face it—life is not fair. There will always be people
more privileged than we are. Accepting this allows us to navigate life without falling into
the trap of dissatisfaction.

• In Viktor Frankl’s seminal work Man’s Search for Meaning, he underscores the notion
that we are responsible for our happiness. While we cannot control how others treat
us or the inequalities that exist in the world, we can control our reactions to them.
Acceptance empowers us to take responsibility for our happiness, rather than place it
in the hands of external factors. Frankl, a Nazi concentration camp prisoner, managed
to find meaning and joy even when persecuted for being a Jew.

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• Frankl is but one of many individuals who remind us that even in the face of unfairness
and adversity, we can choose to cultivate an inner state of happiness, that one’s
happiness is in no one’s hands but one’s own.

Conclusion:

• In conclusion, I believe that we are more than the sum of our circumstances. While
prejudice and discrimination are unequivocally condemnable and do often give rise to
negative feelings, they are, unfortunately, a part of the world we live in.

• So our capacity for joy will hinge significantly on our ability to accept this fact and to
find happiness despite these circumstances.

• As I have demonstrated in this essay, there's a whole universe of experiences that can
fuel our happiness, even when fairness seems to be in short supply. Diving deep into
hobbies that ignite our passion, nurturing relationships that warm our hearts,
celebrating personal milestones big and small—these are the experiences that should
give us ammunition against whatever unfairness, perceived or real, we encounter.

• So while I acknowledge that unfair treatment does impact our sense of wellbeing, I
firmly disagree with the idea that it determines whether or not we can be happy.
Happiness is so much more multi-faceted than that.

• I believe happiness is something that we have the ability to cultivate by shifting our
beliefs and mindsets; it resides not in the absence of unfair treatment but in our
defiance of it. Therefore, I can only agree with this statement to a limited extent.

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O LEVEL ENGLISH 2018

1. Describe an event that you looked forward to which turned out to be disappointing.
Explain why you were excited about it and why it didn’t live up to your expectations.

Personal Recount + Descriptive + Reflective

Understanding the question

• “Describe an event”:
o Choose a specific event or occasion. It could be a party, a concert, a vacation, a
movie premiere, or any other event that is significant to you.

o Describe the physical characteristics of the place using your senses.

o Describe your feelings, actions and thoughts when you attended the event.

• “looked forward to”: Here, you must emphasise that you were anticipating this event with
excitement and enthusiasm; you had high hopes or positive expectations for the
event.

• “turned out to be disappointing”: The event did not meet your expectations and was a
let-down. This is the central theme of your response.

• “Explain why you were excited about it”: This is the reflective portion of your essay. You
must provide reasons for your excitement.

• “why it didn’t live up to your expectations”: Once again, you must give reasons for why
this event fell short of your expectations.

• Suggested approach
o Introduce the event and explain why you were excited about it. Show the reader your
feelings rather than tell them.

o Vividly describe the event itself.

o Explain why it was a let-down.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

1. “Not-so-sweet Sixteenth”: You eagerly awaited your 16th birthday bash, thrilled to be
organising this rite-of-passage. However, instead of the cozy group of 5 you had
anticipated, a crowd of your classmates flooded in. You were put out that you could not
celebrate the way you had intended.

• Introduce the event and explain why you were excited about it.

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o As my 16th birthday approached, giddy excitement stirred within me; this celebration
with my closest friends marked a significant turning point in my life. Our impending
graduation would scatter us into the winds of an uncertain future, so I could hardly
wait to create lasting memories that would sustain us through these inevitable
changes.

o Moreover, unlike previous years, where my parents orchestrated the festivities, this
time, the reins were in my hands. The days leading up to the celebration saw me
buzzing with energy that translated into animated conversations with friends, sharing
snippets of the plans and building anticipation together. I found joy in the smallest
details — whether it was picking out the perfect cake or imagining my parents’ pride
when they saw the fruits of my labour.

• Vividly describe the event.

o Strings of twinkling fairy lights cascaded from the ceiling, casting a gentle glow on
photos of my friends and I and lent a whimsical charm to the living room. Metallic gold
and silver balloons created bursts of colour against the walls. I fluffed the plush
cushions of my couch as I waited for my friends.

o Hugs and smiles painted a picture of intimacy, and for a fleeting moment, everything
seemed just right. However, what began as a gathering of five shifted dramatically
when a wave of more than a dozen classmates surged through the door.

o The once cozy space became claustrophobic, the ambient laughter and conversations
escalating into a cacophony that drowned out the soft strains of my carefully curated
playlist.

o Mini sliders and finger sandwiches were snapped up in a blink, leaving the table with
only a scant offering of pastries. The two-tiered chocolate drip cake, the pièce de
resistance, was cut into slivers to accommodate the growing number of attendees. I
nearly sobbed as each passing slice diminished its grandeur.

o One of the planned activities, a scavenger hunt intended to lead guests through the
familiar nooks of my home, became a logistical nightmare as participants thronged
the rooms, upending them in search of hidden clues.

• Explain why it was a let-down

o As the host, I found myself torn between trying to salvage the situation and the growing
realisation that my ‘Sweet 16’ was slipping away from me. Despite the efforts to
engage everyone in the festivities, I was ill-equipped to handle such a large turnout. I
had this nagging feeling that the guests were casting judgments about me under their
breaths. The stress of ensuring everyone had a good time eclipsed any joy I might
have derived from my own birthday party.

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o In the aftermath, surrounded by the remnants of a celebration that had spiralled

beyond my control, the whiff of disappointment lingered. Not only had my dream
flopped, I would always be remembered as the hostess who had left her guests
hungry. I couldn’t decide which was worse. Taking a deep breath, I comforted myself
with the knowledge that the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry.

2. “Brushed off at the Art Gala”: You couldn’t wait to attend a highly anticipated art
exhibition, hoping to network with influential figures in the art world. However, your
excitement turned to disappointment when you encountered an unwelcoming atmosphere.

• Introduce the event and explain why you were excited about it.

o Anticipation had been building within me for weeks. The prospect of being among the
chosen few at the exclusive, invite-only affair only heightened my enthusiasm as these
gatherings were typically reserved for the who’s who of the art scene. I owed it to my
art teacher, who had recognized my potential, and showcased my work to influential
figures in the art community.

o I was also itching to meet one of my favourite local artists whose work was a rich
source of inspiration for me. The opportunity to witness her latest creations and pick
her brains would not come again so soon and I had to make the most of it.

o Eager to immerse myself in meaningful conversations, gain insights into the industry,
and potentially secure collaborative opportunities, I entered the exhibition hall with
high hopes.

• Vividly describe the event.

o Stepping into the venue felt like crossing a threshold into a world I had only glimpsed
in magazines and movies. The grand entrance, adorned with sculptures, set the stage
for an unforgettable evening.

o Strategically-placed spotlights revealed a curated collection of diverse artworks. The

lighting danced across the textured surfaces, creating a play of shadows and highlights
that brought the pieces to life. My eyes narrowed in thoughtful contemplation as I took
in the brushstrokes of the art piece.

o I looked around for familiar faces but it was evident that I was only one of few teenagers
present. Despite feeling like an outlier, I attempted to make small talk with an attendee
dressed in a chic cocktail dress who exuded elegance and warmth. The exchange
began promisingly; she introduced herself as Meg and we discussed the technical
aspects of the artworks and shared our honest impressions. Just as we were about to
exchange contact details, someone else swooped in and monopolised her attention. I
sighed in frustration as the opportunity for a more meaningful connection slipped away.

o I spotted a cluster of influential artists, dressed to the nines and engrossed in

discussion. However, my eyes were trained on one figure among them — the artist

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who had inspired me the most. As I ventured forward, a momentary self-consciousness

crept in, and I couldn't help but mentally wince at my comparatively shabby outfit.

o The hushed tones faltered and the group exchanged glances as I eagerly introduced
myself to the artist who had inspired me deeply. However, my attempts were met with
a noticeable lack of interest. My idol’s eyes barely flickered in my direction, and the
perfunctory nods and polite hellos from the others felt more like obligatory gestures
than genuine engagement. After a beat, the conversational tide shifted, and I found
myself unmistakably dismissed to the fringe of the group. Awkwardly excusing myself,
I retreated to explore other exhibits.

o The artist's indifference cast a shadow over the rest of my evening. The artworks,
though undoubtedly masterful, failed to capture my attention as they might have under
different circumstances. Even the delectable hors d'oeuvres that I had been munching
on before tasted like chalk in my mouth. It was obvious that my initial spark had fizzled
out.

• Explain why it was a let-down

o The encounter left a bitter taste in my mouth. Naively, I had hoped that the seasoned
veterans, and especially my favourite artist, would warmly welcome a budding artist.
Unfortunately, reality was starkly different; I was snubbed and dismissed. Rather than
fuelling my passion for the arts, the event led me to question the viability of a future career
in such an industry.

o Later, as I tried to locate Meg in the bustling crowd, the disappointment grew. The
chance encounter with someone who shared my passion and was willing to engage a
‘nobody’ like me had genuinely touched me. The one bright spot in my evening had
been this authentic connection and I was absolutely gutted that we would not cross
paths. She had never mentioned her last name and her features were already
beginning to blur in my memory. The “what if” haunted me for a long while.

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2. I had never seen my friend laugh so much!’ Write about a time when this happened.

Personal Recount

Understanding the question

• “I had never seen my friend laugh so much”: You can use the 5W1H framework to answer
this question.

o Why had you never seen your friend laugh like this? Was s/he a stoic?

o Who/ What made your friend laugh? Recount the joke/ comical events leading up to
it.

o How was your friend laughing? Describe the gestures/ sounds and actions associated
with laughter.

• “Write about a time when this happened”: You must focus on a particular incident

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEA

1. Cereal Projectile: After a sleepover at your friend’s place, you were eating breakfast when
a sneeze caught Sora off-guard…

• Intro:

o We stumbled into the kitchen, bleary-eyed after a fun-filled sleepover, and settled
around the table to revive ourselves with a late breakfast. Pouring milk over our cereal
and engaging in light-hearted banter, we were unprepared for what would happen
next.

• Rising Action:

o Unbeknownst to us, a sudden tickle in Sora’s nose caught her off-guard as she was
scooping a hearty spoonful of cereal. Panic flashed across her face as she valiantly
attempted to stifle the impending explosion. However, the mischievous sneeze
demanded immediate attention. The room fell into a momentary hush as Sora
contorted her face to combat the inevitable.

o We were accustomed to seeing Sora as the epitome of grace and poise. Her table
manners were impeccable and she always minded her p’s and q’s, so witnessing this
spectacle was a rare treat indeed! I was already thinking of the ways I’d tease Sora
later on. What happened next gave me more ammo than I had ever hoped for!

o Realising the futility of resistance, Sora abandoned the battle and pivoted sharply,
arms flailing in a last-ditch attempt to redirect the explosion. In the chaos of the
moment, she unintentionally turned right toward my unsuspecting friend, Josh, who

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was still digging into his cereal with gusto, blissfully unaware of the impending
catastrophe.

• Climax:

o Half-chewed cereal launched from her mouth in a spray of soggy flakes, creating a
trajectory that landed directly on the rather vain Josh. Adorned in a sticky mosaic of
cereal, Josh blinked in disbelief as we fell into stunned silence. “My hair!” Josh cried
and the room erupted into laughter. That’s when I heard it: what sounded like the
braying of a donkey.

• Falling Action:

o Sora’s particular laughter cut through the uproar and set off another wave of laughter.
What started off as giggles turned into full-blown guffaws. I gaped as Sora was doubled
over with silent laughter, shoulders shaking as tears streamed down her face. Never
had Sora laughed like this before; I was sure I would’ve remembered this distinct
sound.

o Sora admitted that the sound of her laughter had always been a source of
embarrassment for her. I finally understood why Sora almost never seemed to laugh.
The fact that she had let her usual composure slide further cemented our friendship.

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3. Some people like to stand out from the crowd; others just want to be part of it. Which
do you prefer and why?

Discursive + Reflective

Understanding the Question

• “Some people like to stand out from the crowd”: Think about what this statement means
metaphorically

o These people prefer individuality, uniqueness, expressing their own identity.

They value expressing their own identity, opinions, or talents distinctively.

o They could be motivated by a desire for recognition. They certainly do not mind
the attention.

• “others just want to be a part of it”: This is a contrasting statement.

o Such people prefer blending in and conforming.

o They usually value harmony and a sense of belonging. They might be prize
acceptance within a community and desire social connections.

o They might dislike the attention that comes with standing out.

• “Which do you prefer and why?”

o You must give your stand; is standing out preferable or blending in?

o Note that this differs from a typical discursive essay; your answer must be
reflective in nature and the discussion must pertain to you. It’s advisable to
use first-person POV.

o Since this is a comparative question, it’s advisable that you show this
comparison (e.g. why you prefer standing out to blending in) in each of your
body paragraphs.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Stand/ Thesis Statement

While I recognise that standing out inevitably comes with heightened scrutiny, I consider it a
small price to pay for the meaningful change that one can effect with the visibility and with the
opportunities to lead that come with standing out.

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Supporting Reason #1:

Why I prefer standing out: My inclination to stand out from the crowd is deeply rooted in my
role as a natural leader, where taking charge and steering the course brings me fulfilment.

• Group projects are an arena where this inclination surfaces prominently. Given the
importance of academics in my life, I tend to consciously take the lead when grades are
on the line. Being passive and blindly going with flow would feel counterproductive to my
commitment to excellence.

• In a recent group presentation, I outlined a comprehensive project plan, set deadlines, and
judiciously delegated responsibilities based on each team member's strengths.

• This proactive approach not only set me apart from my peers, who were content to sit back
and follow my lead, but also propelled the project forward in a timely manner and earned
commendations from my teachers. If I had been just another group member, it might have
risked compromising the quality and efficiency of the group’s work.

• Being at the helm and standing out from my peers, particularly in academics, is an inherent
strength that I consistently leverage to ensure not only my success but that of my team.

Supporting Reason #2:

Why I prefer standing out: In my experience, being visible and unafraid of expressing oneself
is a catalyst for positive change.

• In society, there are those who blend in and those who stand out. Both can be valuable
contributors, but those who stand out often become the catalysts for change. They are the
ones who aren't afraid to question the status quo, voice their opinions, and propose new
ideas.

• For instance, Greta Thunberg catapulted into the global spotlight by spearheading the
"Fridays for Future" school strike movement. She distinguished herself by taking a bold
and visible stance, choosing to sit outside the Swedish parliament every Friday. This
became a rallying point, drawing people from around the world to join her cause.

• I believe that I can similarly affect change, albeit on a smaller scale. When my teacher
called for suggestions for green initiatives for ‘Earth Day’, I seized the opportunity to
propose something novel: a schoolwide ban on single-use plastic straws.

• The chorus of groans by my classmates did not deter me. In fact, it made me realise that
I needed to create awareness for the issue, so I took on the responsibility of initiating
discussions, circulating informative materials, and engaging my peers in conversations
about the environmental impact of single-use plastics. If I had decided to remain invisible,
the proposal might have been lost among the sea of suggestions or lacked the momentum
needed to gain widespread support.

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• This first-hand encounter further solidified my belief that fearlessly stepping into the
spotlight is paramount for garnering attention and support—two indispensable elements
for effecting lasting change. When seeking transformation, it is the willingness to stand out
and actively engage with others that propels ideas from mere proposals to tangible reality.

Opposing Reason:

Why I (sometimes!) prefer just being part of the group: Sometimes, being part of a group
gives me a sense of belonging.

• At times, being part of a crowd creates an undeniable sense of camaraderie and belonging.

• In my uniformed group CCA, the synchronized sight of my CCA mates and me, adorned
in matching pressed uniforms, polished black boots, and berets, fosters unity and shared
identity.

• Standing out often means stepping away from the collective identity of a group and
asserting your individuality, which can sometimes feel incredibly isolating. There's a certain
comfort in knowing that I am part of a larger whole; it's reassuring to know that I’m not
alone, that there are groupmates or teammates to share my struggles with. This shared
experience can build a strong sense of community and foster a feeling of belonging.

Supporting Reason #3:

Why I still prefer standing out: Even within my uniformed group, I can’t help but stand out.

• Interestingly, my physical distinctiveness as the tallest member of my uniformed group sets

me apart; I’m a literal standout. Consequently, I am designated as the right-hand marker,
a position always given to the tallest cadet.

• This distinction isn't merely superficial; it extends to a leadership role, where I am entrusted
with leading the formation. I welcome the opportunity to showcase my individual strengths
even while maintaining a collective identity.

• By taking on a leadership role, I am showcasing that individuality can coexist harmoniously

with group unity. Navigating this dual role – of being both part of the collective and a leader
within it – has been a humbling experience. I can’t be just another face in the crowd; I have
to step up, it’s in my nature.

Conclusion

• Overall, despite the increased attention, I prefer standing out as it has personally been
rewarding for me; I find fulfilment in leadership roles and my visibility has been a driving
force for positive change. Even in my uniformed group, where conformity and unity are
expected, I find myself assuming leadership roles and, therefore, standing out when the
situation calls for it.

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• Here, I must insert a caveat that going against the norm can also make one stick out like
a sore thumb. Take, for instance, students who disrupt class discussions merely to
distinguish themselves and garner attention. Herein lies the essence of standing out: it
must be guided by positive intent; otherwise, it risks devolving into mere nuisance.

• Ultimately, neither standing out nor being part of a crowd is superior to the other. Different
social contexts call for different actions. Likewise, individual temperament can lean one
towards a particular preference. I’m of the opinion that both unity and individuality must be
cultivated so that we may serve our interests best.

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4. Which modern invention is essential for you and your family and which one could
you and your family live without? Explain your views.

Expository + Reflective

Understanding the Question

• “modern invention”:

o "Modern" refers to inventions that have been developed or become widespread

relatively recently. Innovations from the Information Age such as smartphones, laptops
and inkjet printers would be considered modern.

o “Inventions” refer to novel products or ideas. It could be a tangible object, like a gadget,
or an intangible concept, like software or artificial intelligence.

• “essential”, “could…live without”:

o “essential”: Something that is fundamental to your daily life and absence of which
would adversely affect your well-being or convenience.

o “could…live without”: This invention doesn’t have to be inherently harmful or something

you don’t use; it could be a gadget you own that you are not reliant on.

o Choose one invention from each category. You could also compare the two inventions;
why is one crucial and one not so much?

• “you and your family”: Your answer should address both your personal needs and the
collective needs of your family members. You could also specify why the invention is
essential/ not essential for each of your family members.

• “Explain your views”: Provide reasons for why you chose each invention.

• Note: This differs from a typical discursive essay; your answer must be reflective in
nature and the discussion must pertain to you. It’s advisable to use first-person POV.

SUGGESTED ESSAY IDEAS

Essential Inventions

1. Refrigerator

• Our fridge is more than just a cold storage unit; it is the heart of our home. For us, dining
out is a rarity and a well-prepared meal from our own kitchen remains our go-to choice.
The fridge, saving us time and energy, plays a pivotal role in this preference.

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• It is necessary for me to have an array of fresh ingredients and produce ready for
whenever I wish to whip up a nourishing meal. This translates to fewer grocery runs; the
thought of having to spend an hour or two going out and purchasing fresh vegetables
and meat daily is, quite frankly, unimaginable.

• My grandmother emphatically asserts that the refrigerator is nothing short of a lifesaver

for her. Living with arthritis, she finds the daily task of cooking a challenge. However,
having a fridge allows her to plan meals in advance, preparing and storing them for later
consumption. The convenience of reheating leftovers certainly can’t be understated.
Moreover, she uses the fridge to store her medications so they remain effective for longer.

• “We used ice boxes and had to eat seasonal fruits,” father reminisces when I prod him
about life before this invention. Not being able to store food for days or weeks and only
being restricted to eating what’s currently available sounds nightmarish.

2. The Internet

• For my family, the internet is an indispensable utility that we can’t imagine life without.
It’s the cornerstone of work, education, and communication.

• Work

o A stable internet connection enables my father to participate in virtual meetings and

collaborate in real-time on shared documents as part of his remote work. Not only
does it optimize his work efficiency, but it also liberates him from the constraints of
commuting, affording him the luxury to maintain an optimal work-life balance. This,
in turn, allows him to spend quality family time with us.

• Education

o Google, in particular, is my lifeline when I write my expository essays. Instead of

laboriously sifting through physical stacks of books at the school library, a simple
search query unveils a wealth of articles, research papers, and digital books. Having
access to the latest information about what I’m learning helps me feel more
connected to my studies too.

• Communication

o The internet is a magical bridge for my family scattered across the globe. Weekly
emails between my father and uncle have now transformed into daily ‘WhatsApp’
messages. Now, no birthday celebration feels complete without a video call from my
grandfather, and, according to my aunt, Facebook lets her keep tabs on our
"shenanigans"! In times when physical gatherings are challenging, the internet
becomes a window to the lives of my loved ones, helping me stay connected and
actively involved.

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Non-essential Inventions

1. Air Fryer

• The air fryer has earned its stripes as a kitchen superhero because of its ability to cook
food quickly with a fraction of the oil traditionally required. It not only aligns with my family’s
health-consciousness but also caters to our fast-paced lifestyle.

• Whether it's perfectly crisped fries, or succulent chicken wings, the air fryer consistently
delivers mouth-watering results without requiring extensive culinary expertise. It is so idiot-
proof that even my sister, who struggles with operating a gas stove, has mastered the art
of using it.

• However, while the air fryer boasts impressive features, its necessity remains a question
mark. For people like my mother and me, who are familiar with conventional cooking
methods and don't mind investing a bit more time in the kitchen, the air fryer is an
extravagant addition. After all, roasting, baking, and even frying can be accomplished with
an oven or stovetop.

• Its initial allure is tempered by practical considerations like the higher upfront cost and the
large kitchen space that it occupies. However, my main beef with it is that can cook only a
limited quantity of food in a single batch!

2. Smartwatch

• According to my friends, nothing beats receiving notifications directly on one’s wrist.

Smartwatches reduce the need to pull out your phone in every situation. A quick glance at
your watch can reveal the time, and other information without unlocking and navigating a
smartphone.

• The health buffs, particularly, swear by features like step count, calories burned and heart-
rate. The health tracking features align with their fitness goals, providing real-time insights
into their activity levels and sleep patterns.

• If you ask me, the smartwatch is highly redundant. All its apps and features can be handled
by my phone too. I just find it more practical to use the larger screen of a smartphone for
detailed tasks like replying to emails.

• Additionally, the prospect of adding yet another device to my daily charging routine feels
less than appealing. Between charging my phone and laptop, introducing another gadget
into the mix seems like an unnecessary layer of complexity.

• The smartwatch falls short in the aesthetics department too. The sleek design of a classic
watch, with its analogue face and carefully crafted details, holds a charm that the utilitarian
appearance of a smartwatch doesn't quite capture.

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About Grade Solution Learning Centre & Writing Samurai.com:

Live Zoom Lessons at

Grade Solution Learning
Centre

At Grade Solution Learning Centre, we are a team of dedicated educators whose mission is to guide
your child to academic success. Here are the services we provide:

- Live Zoom lessons

- EdaptIQ™, a smart learning platform that tracks your child’s progress, strengths and
weaknesses through personalised digital worksheets.
- 24/7 Homework Helper Service
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We provide all these services above at a very affordable monthly fee to allow as many students as
possible to access such learning opportunities. We specialise in English, Math, Science, and Chinese
subjects. You can see our fees and schedules here → https://gradesolution.com.sg/schedule/

Pre-recorded online courses at

WritingSamurai.com

WritingSamurai.com is an affiliate website of Grade Solution Learning Centre. If you are looking for
something that fits your budget, or prefer your child learn at his or her own pace, you can join our
English and Creative Writing pre-recorded online courses on WritingSamurai.com. We have courses
for Composition Writing, Comprehension, Cloze Passage, English Oral…and more! You can see the
available courses here → https://writingsamurai.com/all-courses/

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