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Organisms and Populations PYQ+HAND WRITTEN NOTES Compressed

Organism and population

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
159 views164 pages

Organisms and Populations PYQ+HAND WRITTEN NOTES Compressed

Organism and population

Uploaded by

ankit.ssr2346
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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I. Which one of the following statements cannot be connected to Predation?

(1) It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community


(2) It might lead to extinction of a species
(3) Both the interacting species are negatively impacted
(4) It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance

(NEET 2022)

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II. While explaining interspecific interaction of population, (+) sign is assigned for
beneficial interaction, (-) sign is assigned for detrimental interaction and (0) for neutral
interaction. Which of the following interactions can be assigned (+) for one species and(-)
for another species involved in the interaction

(1) Predation
(2) Amensalism
(3) Commensalism
(4) Competition

(NEET 2022)

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Organism and Its Environment

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1. Match List-I with List-II.


List-I List-II
p) Allen’s Rule i) Kangaroo rat
q) Physiological adaptation ii) Desert lizard
r) Behavioural adaptation iii) Marine fish at depth
s) Biochemical adaptation iv) Polar seal

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.


p q r s
a) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
b) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
c) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(NEET 2021)

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2. Assertion(A) : A person goes to high altitude and experiences ’altitude sickness’ with
symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations.
Reason(R) : Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude, the body does not get
sufficient Oxygen.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given
below.
a) (A) is false but (R) is true.
b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
c) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
d) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(NEET 2021)

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3. Niche is

a) all the biological factors in the organism’s environment


b) the physical space where an organism lives
c) the range of temperature that the organism needs to live
d) the functional role played by the organism where it lives

(NEET 2018)

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4. Pneumatophores occur in

a) halophytes
b) free-floating hydrophytes
c) carnivorous plants
d) submerged hydrophytes

(NEET 2018)

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5. Plants which produce characteristic pneumatophores and show vivipary belong


to

a) halophytes
b) psammophytes
c) hydrophytes
d) mesophytes

(NEET 2017)

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6. Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical layers depending on their height
can be seen best in

a) Tropical rainforest
b) Grassland
c) Temperate forest
d) Tropical savannah

(NEET 2017)

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7. It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because

a) small animals have a lower O2 requirement


b) the efficiency of muscles in large animals is less than in the small animals
c) it is easier to carry a small body weight
d) smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate.

(NEET-I 2016)

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8. An association of individuals of different species living in the same habitat and having
functional interactions is

a) ecosystem
b) population
c) ecological
d) biotic community

(2015)

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9. Most animals are tree dwellers in a

a) temperate deciduous forest


b) tropical rainforest
c) coniferous forest
d) thorn woodland

(2015 Cancelled)

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10. Just as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape the heat for the duration of hot
summer, thousands of migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold northern
regions move to

a) Western Ghat
b) Meghalaya
c) Corbett National Park
d) Keoladeo National Park

(2014)

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11. Which one of the following is not a parasitic adaptation?

a) Development of adhesive organs


b) Loss of digestive organs
c) Loss of reproductive capacity
d) Loss of unnecessary sense organs

(Karnataka NEET 2013)

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12. Benthic organisms are affected the most by

a) Light reaching the forest floor


b) Surface turbulence of water
c) Sediment characteristics of aquatic ecosystems
d) Water-holding capacity of soil

(Karnataka NEET 2013)

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13. people who have migrated from the planes to an Rohtang Pass about six months back

a) have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to O2
b) are not physically fit to play games like football
c) suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea, fatigue, etc.
d) have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high binding affinity to O2

(2012)

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14. Large woody vines are more commonly found in

a) temperate forests
b) mangrove
c) tropical rainforests
d) alpine forests

(2011)

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15. Consider the following four conditions (1-4) and select a correct pair of them as
adaptations to environment desert lizards.

Conditions:
1. Burrowing in soil to escape high temperature.
2. Losing heat rapidly from the body during high temperature.
3. Bask in sun when temperature is low.
4. Insulating body due to thick fatty dermis.

a) 3,4
b) 1,3
c) 2,4
d) 1,2
(2011)

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16. The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of response of organisms to abiotic
factors. What do (i), (ii) and (iii) represent respectively?

(i) (ii) (iii)


a) Conformer Regulator Partial regulator
b) Regulator Partial regulator Conformer
c) Partial Regulator conformer
d) Regulator Conformer Partial regulator
(2010)
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17. Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and cuticle is characteristic of

a) mesophytes
b) epiphytes
c) hydrophytes
d) xerophytes

(2009)

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18. Consider the following four statements (1-4) about certain desert animals such as
kangaroo , rat.

1) They have dark color and high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine.
2) They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water and have their body
covered with thick hairs.
3) They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water.
4) They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature.

Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?

a) 3 and 1
b) 1 and 2
c) 3 and 4
d) 2 and 3
(2008)
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19. Quercus species are the dominant component in

a) scrub forests
b) tropical rainforests
c) temperate deciduous forests
d) alpine forests

(2008)

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20. Niche overlap indicates

a) mutualism between two species


b) active cooperation between two species
c) two different parasites on the same host
d) sharing of one or more resources between the two species

(2006)

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21. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas
those living at an altitude to 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

a) people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
b) people get pollution-free air to breath and more oxygen is available
c) atmospheric O2 level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O2
to survive
d) there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production

(2006)

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22. Annual migration does not occur in the case of

a) arctic
b) salmon
c) Siberian crane
d) salamander

(2006)

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23. Praying mantis is a good example of

a) camouflage
b) Mullerian mimicry
c) warning coloration
d) social insects

(2006)

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24. More than 70% of world’s freshwater is contained in

a) polar ice
b) glaciers and mountains
c) Antarctica
d) Greenland

(2005)

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25. At which latitude, heat gain through insolation approximately equals heat loss through
terrestrial radiation?

!
a) 22 ° North and South
"

b) 40 ° North and South

!
c) 42 ° North and South
"

d) 66 ° North and South


(2005)

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26. Animals have the innate ability to escape from predation. Examples for the same are
given below. Select the incorrect example.

a) Color change in Chamaeleon


b) Enlargement of body size by swallowing air in puffer fish
c) Poison fangs in snakes
d) Melanism in moths

(2005)

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27. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

a) Tundra – Permafrost
b) Savanna – Acacia trees
c) Prairie – Epiphytes
d) Coniferous – Evergreen trees

(2005)

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28. In which one of the following pairs is the specific characteristic of a soil not correctly
matched?

a) Laterite – Contains aluminium compound


b) Terra rosa – Most suitable for roses
c) Chernozems – Richest soil in the world
d) Black soil – Rich in calcium carbonate

(2004)

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29. In which one of the following habitats does the diurnal temperature of soil
surface vary most?

a) Shrub land
b) Forest
c) Desert
d) Grassland

(2004)

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30. What is true for individuals of same species?

a) Live in same niche


b) Live in same habitat
c) Interbreeding
d) Live in different habitat

(2002)

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31. Cause of mimicry is

a) concealment
b) offence
c) defence
d) both (b) and (c)

(2002)

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32. Which part of the world has a high density of organisms?

a) Deciduous forests
b) Tropical rainforests
c) Grasslands
d) Savannah

(1999)

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33. In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more


abundant?

a) Aquatic
b) Fossorial
c) Diurnal
d) Arboreal

(1998)

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34. Plants such as Prosopis, Acacia and Capparis represent examples of


tropical

a) deciduous forests
b) evergreen forests
c) grasslands
d) thorn forests

(1998)

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35. Which of the following communities is more vulnerable to invasion by


outside animals and plants?

a) Temperate forests
b) Oceanic island communities
c) Mangroves
d) Tropical evergreen forests

(1998)

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36. During adverse season, therophytes survive by

a) rhizomes
b) seeds
c) bulbs
d) corms

(1997)

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37. Benthic animals are those, which

a) are submerged in area


b) float on the sea surface
c) are deep dweller in sea
d) are floating (free) organisms

(1996)

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38. The ‘niche’ of a species is meant for

a) habitat and specific functions of a species


b) specific place where an organism lives
c) specific species function and its competitive power
d) none of these

(1996)

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39. The animals of cold countries have relatively shorter and poorly
developed ears, eyes, hairs and other phenotypic characters. This is known
by which law?

a) cope’s Law
b) Dollo’s Law
c) Allen’s Law
d) Bergamann’s Law
(1996)

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40. Study of inter-relationships between organisms and their environment


is

a) ecology
b) ecosystem
c) phytogeography
d) ethology

(1993)

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41. The sum total of the populations of the same kind of organisms
constitute

a) colony
b) genus
c) community
d) species

(1993)

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42. Fertility of soil is measured by its ability to

a) retain nutrients
b) hold organic materials
c) hold water
d) support life

(1992)

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43. Soil particles determine is

a) texture
b) field capacity
c) water holding capacity
d) soil flora

(1992)

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44. Homeostasis is

a) tendency of biological systems to change with change in environment


b) tendency of biological systems to resist change
c) disturbance of self regulatory system and natural controls
d) biotic materials used in homeopathic medicines

(1991)

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45. Deep black soil is productive due to high proportion of

a) sand and zinc


b) gravel and calcium
c) clay and humus
d) silt and earthworm

(1991)

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46. Homeostasis is

a) tendency to change with change in environment


b) tendency to resist change
c) disturbance in regulatory control
d) Plants and animal extracts used in homeopathy

(1991)

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Populations

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47. Inspite of interspecific competition in nature, which mechanism the competing species
might have evolved for their survival?

a) Predation
b) Resource partitioning
c) Competitive release
d) Mutualism

(NEET 2021)

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48. Amensalism can be represented as

a) Species A (+); Species B(0)


b) Species A (-); Species B(0)
c) Species A (+); Species B(+)
d) Species A (-); Species B(-)

(NEET 2021)

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49. In the exponential growth equation Nt = N0ert , e represents

a) the base of geometric logarithms


b) the base of number logarithms
c) the base of exponential logarithms
d) the base of natural logarithms

(NEET 2021)

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50. Which of the following is not an attribute of a population?

a) Sex ratio
b) Natality
c) Mortality
d) Species interaction

(NEET 2020)

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51. Carnivorous animals lions and leopards, occupy the same niche but lions predate mostly
larger animals and leopards take smaller ones. This mechanism of competition is referred
to as

a) character displacement
b) altruism
c) resource partitioning
d) competitive exclusion

(Odisha NEET 2019)

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52. Between which among the following, the relationship is not an example of
commensalism?

a) Orchid and the tree on which it grows


b) Cattle Egret and grazing cattle
c) Sea Anemone and Clown fish
d) Female wasp and fig species

(Odisha NEET 2019)

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53. Natality refers to

a) death rate
b) birth rate
c) number of individuals leaving the habitat
d) number of individuals entering a habitat.

(NEET 2018)

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54. Which one of the following plants shows a very close relationship with a species of
moth, where none of the two can complete its life cycle without the other?

a) Hydrilla
b) Yucca
c) Banana
d) Viola

(NEET 2018)

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55. In a growing population of a country,

a) pre-reproductive individuals are more than the reproductive individuals


b) reproductive individuals are less than the post-reproductive individuals
c) reproductive and pre-reproductive individuals are equal in number
d) pre-reproductive individuals are less than the reproductive individuals

(NEET 2018)

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56. Which one of the following population interactions is widely used in medical science
for the production of antibiotics?

a) Commensalism
b) Mutualism
c) Parasitism
d) Amensalism

(NEET 2018)

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57. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when

a) K=N
b) K>N
c) K<N
d) The value of ’r’ approaches zero

(NEET 2017)

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58. Mycorrhizae are the example of

a) amensalism
b) antibiosis
c) mutualism
d) fungistasis

(NEET 2017)

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59. Which of the following is correct for r-selected species?

a) Large number of progeny with small size


b) Large number of progeny with large size
c) Small number of progeny with small size
d) Small number of progeny with large size

(NEET-II 2016)

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60. If ‘+’ sign is assigned to beneficial interaction,’ – ‘ sign to detrimental and ‘O’
sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction represented by’+’ ’ – ‘
refers to

a) mutualism
b) amensalism
c) commensalism
d) parasitism
(NEET-II 2016)

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61. The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

a) C. Darwin
b) G.F. Gause
c) Mac Arthur
d) Verhulst and pearl.

(NEET-II 2016)

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62. When does the growth rate of a population following the logistic model equal zero?
The logistic model is given as dN/dt = rN(1-N/K)

a) when N/K equals zero


b) when death rate is greater than birth rate
c) when N/K is exactly one
d) when N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat.

(NEET-I 2016)

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63. Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that

a) No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely for the same limiting
resources
b) Large organisms exclude smaller ones through competition
c) More abundant species will exclude the less abundant species through competition
d) Competition for the same resources exclude species having different food
preferences.

(NEET-I 2016)

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64. In which of the following interactions both partners are adversely


affected?

a) Parasitism
b) Mutualism
c) Competition
d) Predation

(2015)

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65. The following graph depicts changes in two populations (A and B) of herbivores in a grassy
field. A possible reason for these changes is that

a) Population A produced more offspring than population B


b) Population A consumed the members of population B
c) Both plant populations in this habitat decreased
d) Population B competed more successfully for food than population A.
(2015 Cancelled)

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66. According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to

a) competition within closely related species


b) reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of interfering species
c) intraspecific competition
d) interspecific competition

(2013)

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67. Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found inside vegetative part
of

a) Equisetum
b) Psilotum
c) Pinus
d) Cycas

(NEET 2013)

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68. A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab.
The association is

a) commensalism
b) amensalism
c) ectoparasitism
d) symbiosis

(NEET 2013)

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69. A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn. He found that the average natality
was 250, average mortality 240, immigration 20 and emigration 30 . The net increase in
population is

a) 05
b) Zero
c) 10
d) 15

(NEET 2013)

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70. The age pyramid with broad base indicates

a) high percentage of old individuals


b) low percentage of young individuals
c) a stable population
d) high percentage of young individuals

(Karnataka NEET 2013)

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71. Cuscuta is an example of

a) ectoparasitism
b) brood parasitism
c) predation
d) endoparasitism

(Mains 2012)

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72. What type of human population is represented by the following age pyramid?

a) Vanishing population
b) Stable population
c) Declining population
d) Expanding population
(2010)

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73. Which one of the following is categorized as a parasite in true sense?

a) The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans


b) Human fetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment from the mother
c) Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair
d) The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crow’s nest.

(2011)

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74. The logistic population growth is expressed by the equation

(Mains 2011)

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75. Which one of the following is most appropriately defined?

a) Host is an organism which provides food to another organism


b) Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted whereas the other is
unaffected
c) Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food
d) Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of other organism and may
kill it

(Mains 2010)

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76. A country with a high rate of population growth took measures to reduce it. The figure
below shows age-sex pyramids of populations A and B twenty years apart. Select the correct
interpretation about them.

Interpretations:
a) “B” is earlier pyramid and shows stabilized growth rate.
b) ”B” is more recent showing that population is very young.
c) ”A” is the earlier pyramid and no change has occurred in the growth rate.
d) “A” is more recent and shows slight reduction in the growth rate.
(2009)
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77. Geometric representation of age structure is a characteristic of

a) population
b) landscape
c) ecosystem
d) biotic community.

(2007)

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78. The population of an insect species shows an explosive increase in numbers during
rainy season followed by its disappearance at the end of the season. What does this show?

a) The food plants mature and die at the end of the rainy season
b) Its population growth curve is of J-type
c) The population of its predators increases enormously
d) S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect.

(2007)

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79. If the mean and the median pertaining to a certain character of a population are of the
same value, the following is most likely to occur

a) a bi-modal distribution
b) a T-shaped curve
c) a skewed curve
d) a normal distribution

(2007)

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80. A high density of elephant population in an area can result in

a) intraspecific competition
b) interspecific competition
c) predation on one another
d) mutualism

(2007)

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81. Certain characteristic demographic features of developing countries are

a) High fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very
young age distribution.
b) High fertility, high density, rapidly rising mortality rate and a very young age distribution
c) High infant mortality, low fertility, uneven population growth and a very young age
distribution
d) High mortality, high density, uneven population growth and a very old age distribution.

(2004)

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82. What is a keystone species?

a) A species which makes up only a small proportion of the total biomass of a community,
yet has a huge impact on the community’s organization and survival.
b) A common species that has plenty of biomass, yet has a fairly low impact on the community’s
organization
c) A rare species that has minimal impact on the biomass and on other species in the community
d) A dominant species that constitutes a large. Proportion of the biomass and which affects
many other species.

(2004)

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83. The maximum growth rate occurs in

a) stationary phase
b) senescent phase
c) lag phase
d) exponential phase

(2004)

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84. Mycorrhiza is an example of

a) symbiotic relationship
b) ectoparasitism
c) endoparasitism
d) decomposers

(2003)

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85. Two opposite forces operate in the growth and development of every population . One
of them is related to the ability to reproduce at a given rate. The force opposite to it is
called

a) fecundity
b) environmental resistances
c) biotic control
d) mortality

(2003, 1998)

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86. Which type of association is found in between entomophilous flower and pollinating
agent?

a) Mutualism
b) Commensalism
c) Co-operation
d) Co-evolution

(2002)

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87. Two different species cannot live for long duration in the same niche or
habitat. This law is

a) Allen’s law
b) Gause’s hypothesis
c) Dollo’s rule
d) Weismann’s theory.

(2002)

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88. in a population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called as

a) biotic potential
b) fertility rate
c) carrying capacity
d) birth rate

(2002)

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89. In which of the following plant sunken stomata are found?

a) Nerium
b) Hydrilla
c) Mango
d) Guava

(2001)

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90. An interesting modification of flower shape for insect pollination occurs in some
orchids in which a male insect mistakes the pattern on the orchid flower for the female
species and tries to copulate with it, there by pollinating the flower. The phenomenon is
called

a) pseudopollination
b) pseudoparthenocarpy
c) mimicry
d) pseudocopulation

(1998)

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91. The abundance of a species population, within its habitat, is called

a) relative density
b) regional density
c) absolute density
d) niche density

(1995)

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92. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

a) Parasitism – intraspecific relationship


b) Uricotelism – aquatic habitat
c) Excessive – xeric adaptation
d) Streamlined body – aquatic adaptation

(1995)

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93. Mycorrhiza exhibits the phenomenon of

a) parasitism
b) symbiosis
c) antagonism
d) endemism

(1994)

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94. Association of animals when both partners are benefitted

a) colony
b) mutualism
c) commensalism
d) ammensalism

(1993)

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95. Which one is true?

a) Commensalism when none of the interacting populations.


b) Symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations.
c) Symbiosis when neither populations affects each other.
d) Commensalism when the interaction is useful to both the populations.

(1991)

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96. The relation between algae and fungi in a lichen is

a) Symbiosis
b) Parasitism
c) Commenalism
d) Protocooperation

(1989)

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97. A mutually beneficial association necessary for survival of both partners


is

a) mutualism/symbiosis
b) Commensalism
c) Amensalism
d) Both (a) and (b)

(1988)

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98. Competition for light, nutrients and space is most severe between

a) closely related organism growing in different niches


b) closely related organisms growing in the same area/niche
c) distantly related organisms growing in the same habitat
d) distantly related organisms growing in different niches

(1988)

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(I) 3 (1) d (11) c (21) c (31) d (41) d (51) c (61) b (71) a (81) a (91) d
(II) 1 (2) b (12) c (22) d (32) b (42) d (52) d (62) c (72) c (82) a (92) d
(III) - (3) d (13) a (23) a (33) b (43) a (53) b (63) a (73) c (83) d (93) b
(IV) - (4) a (14) c (24) a (34) d (44) b (54) b (64) c (74) b (84) a (94) b
(V) - (5) a (15) b (25) b (35) d (45) c (55) a (65) d (75) c (85) b (95) b
(VI) - (6) a (16) d (26) c (36) b (46) b (56) d (66) c (76) d (86) d (96) a
(VII) - (7) d (17) c (27) c (37) c (47) b (57) a (67) d (77) a (87) b (97) a
(VIII) - (8) d (18) c (28) d (38) a (48) b (58) c (68) a (78) b (88) a (98) b
(IX) - (9) b (19) c (29) c (39) c (49) d (59) a (69) b (79) d (89) a (99) -
(X) - (10) d (20) d (30) c (40) a (50) d (60) d (70) d (80) a (90) d (100) -

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