MEMBERS NAME AND ID
➢ UZAIR AKHTER 1246-2021
➢ AKIF HUSSAIN SUBZWARY 1506-2021
➢ NABEEL RAFIQ 1996-2021
➢ ZAIN ALI 2067-2021
➢ UZAIR MAQSOOD 2113-2021
PRESENTATION TOPIC
FIRE AND ITS PREVENTION METHOD
Fire Prevention
The Fire Prevention Triangle -
Heat, Oxygen and Fuel
A fire needs three elements - heat, oxygen and fuel.
Without heat, oxygen and fuel a fire will not start or
spread. A key strategy to prevent fire is to remove one
or more of heat, oxygen or fuel. The risk
assessment should include detail on all three
elements to minimise the risk of a fire starting/
spreading.
Fire classification
Fires are classified as Class A, B, C, D and K fires.
Class A Fires
Class A fires occur in ordinary materials, such as, wood, paper and rags. The use
of water or water-based solutions is most successful in extinguishing these types
of fires.
Class B Fires
Class B fires occur in the vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids,
such as, gasoline, oil, grease and paint thinners. The most successful way to
extinguish these fires is by limiting the oxygen or interrupting the chemical chain
reaction.
Class C Fires
Class C fires occur in or near electrical equipment. Non-conducting agents, such
as dry- chemical, carbon dioxide and halogenated extinguishing agents are
commonly used to extinguish Class C fires. Foam or streams of water should not
be used because they are good conductors.
Class D Fires
There is also a Class D fire, but these fires are not frequently encountered in
construction. These fires occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, sodium, etc.
METHODOLOGY
What are the objectives of fire safety?
Fire safety is extremely important to protect lives, property and the
environment. Fires can strike anywhere, anytime and can spread
quickly, causing significant damage in a short amount of time. In this
way, today we list 5 main points of fire safety targets, stay below with
them:
Protect lives
The main purpose of fire safety is to protect human life. This includes
safely evacuating buildings in the event of a fire, as well as preventing
fires and quickly detecting and extinguishing flames to minimize the risk
of injury and death.
Protect property
Fire safety also aims to protect properties, both tangible and
intangible. This includes buildings, equipment, materials, documents,
data and information, among others.
Prevent fires
Fire prevention is an important part of fire safety. This includes
measures to reduce the risk of fire, such as installing fire detection and
alarm systems, fire suppression systems, safe electrical and mechanical
systems, and adopting safe workplace practices.
Results:
A total of 5,613 published articles were examined, of which 30 were
finally found to meet the inclusion criteria. The findings of the study
were included in two main groups of preventive measures and risk
factors for residential building fires and related injuries. Regarding
preventive measures, the factors to reduce the risk of fire-related
injuries raised in the studies under review included rule
amendments, changes and modification of the environment,
behavior change such as emergency evacuation during fire
occurrence, improvements to emergency medical services, and
awareness-raising.
Conclusions:
There are features in residential buildings and attributes
among residents that can be related to fire hazard and fire-
related injuries and deaths. The most important point of this
study is to focus on preventive strategies including
environmental modification, promotion of safety rules and
changes in risk behavior among residents. Policy makers
should pay more attention to these important issues in
order to promote safety and injury prevention in relation to
building fires.
REFERENCE
Prevention
Papa K. Tokpah
BSc, Disaster and Emergency management
Abstract:
Fire safety and prevention is an essential part of maintaining the safety and
protection of people, property, and the environment. This paper investigates the
application of response surface methodology to research on fire safety,
highlighting the importance of this methodology in enhancing fire protection
strategies and predicting the behavior of fires. In this study, the research
methodology consisted of conducting a comprehensive literature review in order to
answer the research questions and fulfill the purpose of the study. The findings
underscore the value of proactive fire safety measures as well as the necessity of
continuing to develop preventative and mitigation strategies. By employing the
Abstract
Safety assessment of fire protection (SAFP) is a very important approach in fire safety
management. Effectiveness and reliability
are crucial to the SAFP, which has endowed the study of the assessment methods
significant meaning. A new quantitative
method named theoretical safety control method, based on modern control theory,
was studied in the paper. Dynamic models,
assessment indexes and analysis approaches of every index of the SAFP were put
forward and three dynamic indexes, that are
System Hazard Index-H, Control Capacity Index-C and Safety Degree-S which
changed with the system states and presented the
conflicting consequence between hazards and controlling of fire protection system,
were used to evaluate the results of the
method. This method can realize dynamic and quantitative management and the
fire protection system controlling.
