Rational

Numbers

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 1 of 21

 Rational numbers
Integers
−2, − 4, 0, 8
If we write 0 along
Whole numbers with natural numbers
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…. what do you call the
new set of numbers?
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,….
Natural numbers

What are these

numbers?
What do you call these
numbers?
1 1
, 4 , 0.586 What about the position
3 3 of these numbers in
number system?

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 2 of 21

 What is a Rational Number?
A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers.
a
A number of the form b where a and b are integers and b  0 is called a rational
number.
A natural number is a rational number. 0 is a rational number.
6
6= 0
1 0=
1

An integer is a rational number. A decimal is a rational number, too!

1
7 2.5 = 4
−7 = 1

The set of rational numbers is denoted by ‘Q’.

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 3 of 21

 What is a Irrational Number?
Numbers which cannot be expressed as simple fractions are
called irrational numbers.

Examples
6 ,  7 , π , 0.4782364...

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 4 of 21

 Q) Is −0.28 a rational number?

A) Yes

B) No

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 5 of 21

 Q) How many rational numbers are there between 0 and 1?

A) 100

B) 10

C) −5

D)Infinitely many

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 6 of 21

 Which of the following is correct?

A) ℤ ℚ ℕ

B) ℚ
ℤ ℕ

Natural
ℚ ℕ

C) ℕ ℤ

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 7 of 21

 Positive and Negative Rational Numbers
A rational number is positive if both, its numerator and
denominator are positive or negative.
9 8
,
14 11

A rational number is negative if either the numerator or

the denominator is a negative integer.
8 5 17
, ,
3 12 21

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 8 of 21

 12
is positive or negative? Positive
5

7
is positive or negative? Negative
3

1
is positive or negative? Negative
9
5
is positive or negative? Positive
11

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 9 of 21

 Equivalent Rational Numbers
The numerator and the denominator of a rational number can
be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero integer without
changing the value of the rational number.
Two rational numbers are said to be equivalent if they have
the same value.

1 9 18
, ,
3 27 54
are equivalent rational numbers.

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 10 of 21

 9 3
Are and equivalent rational numbers?
27 5

Two rational numbers are equivalent if they can be reduced to the same value.
9 9   9  1
 
27 27   9  3
3
Can we reduce further? No
5

1 3 9 3
 
3 5 27 5

9 3
27 and 5
are not equivalent rational numbers.

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 11 of 21

 a am
If is a rational number and m is a non-zero integer then b  m is
b a
a rational number equivalent to b .
7
Give three rational numbers equivalent to .
8

7 7 × 2 14
 
8 8×2 16

7 7 × 6 42
 
8 8×6 48

7 7 × 10 70
 
8 8 × 10 80

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 12 of 21

 a
If is a rational number and m is a common divisor of a and b,
b
am a
then is a rational number equivalent to .
bm b
36
Give three rational numbers equivalent to 90
.

36 36  9 4
 
90 90  9 10
36 36  6 6
 
90 90  6 15

36 36  3 12

 
90 90  3 30

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 13 of 21

 Quiz Time
Time to test your knowledge!

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 14 of 21

 Question 1
Which of the following is an example of a negative rational number?

7
A 0 B 10

9 5
C 1 D 11

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 15 of 21

 Question 2
Which of the following statement is true?

A 0 is not a rational number B −3.5 is an integer

1
C 95 is not a rational number D 4 is a rational number
3

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 16 of 21

 Question 3
Find the value of x, to make an equivalent rational number of the
given rational number. 2 12
=
9 x

A 54
B −54

C 45 D 15

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 17 of 21

 Question 4
Find the value of x, to make an equivalent rational number of the
given rational number. x 3
=
99  27

A 3
B 33

C 11 D −11

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 18 of 21

 Question 5
8
An equivalent rational number of 64
is

2 8

A 16 B

1

1 8
 
C 8 D 16

Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 19 of 21

 Consider whether the following statements are True or False?
Statement True or False
Every integer is a natural number. False
Every natural number is a rational number. True

Every rational number is an integer. False

Every integer is a rational number.
True
Every natural number is an integer.
True
Std. VII Maths Rational Numbers 20 of 21