UNIT TEST – 01, JULY - 2024

STD: 12 CHEMISTRY ANSWERKEY

TIME: 90 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS: 35
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I. Answer all the questions. Choose the correct answer from the given four alternatives and
write the option code and the corresponding answer. (5x1=5)
1. a) Sodium
2. b) Molecular solid
3. c) basic
4. c) First Order
5. a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

II. Answer any three questions. Question No.10 is compulsory. (3x2=6)

6. Give the limitations of Ellingham diagram?
Ellingham diagram is constructed based only on thermodynamic considerations.
It gives information about the thermodynamic feasibility of a reaction.
It does not tell anything about the rate of the reaction. Moreover, it does not give any idea
about the possibility of other reactions that might be taking place.
The interpretation of ∆G is based on the assumption that the reactants are in equilibrium
with the product which is not always true.
7. Define Half-life of a reaction.
The half life of a reaction is defined as the time required for the reactant concentration to reach
one half its initial value.
8. Write short note on Hydroboration?
Diborane adds on to alkenes and alkynes in ether solvent at room temperature.
This reaction is called as hydroboration and is highly used in synthetic organic chemistry
especially for anti-Markovnikov addition.
B2H6 + 3RCH = CHR → B( CH2 – CH2R )3+ 6H2
9. Write Bragg’s equation and explains the terms involved?
The fundamental equation that gives a simple relation between the wavelength of the X-rays,
the interplanar distance in the crystal and the angle of reflection is known as Bragg’s equation.
nλ = 2d sinϴ
where n is the order of reflection λ is the wavelength of X-rays
d is the interplanar distance in the crystal ϴ is the angle of reflection
10. How is Phenol prepared from Chlorobenzene?
When Chlorobenzene is hydrolysed with 6-8% NaOH at 300 bar and 633K in a closed
vessel, sodium phenoxide is formed which on treatment with dilute HCl gives phenol (Dow
process).
III. Answer any three questions. Question No.15 is compulsory. (3x3=9)
11. Explain Schottky defect?
The schottky defect arises due to the missing of an
equal number of cations and anions from the crystal
lattice.
This effect does not change the stoichiometry of the
crystal.
Ionic solids in which the cation and anion are of
almost similar size show Schottky defect.
Example: NaCl.
Presence of large number of schottky defects in
crystal, lowers its density.
12. How will you identify Borate radical?
When boric acid or borate salt is heated with ethyl alcohol in presence of concentrated
H2SO4, an ester triethyl borate is formed.
The Vapour of this ester burns with a green edged flame and this reaction is used to identify
the presence of borate.

13. Describe a method for refining Titanium?

This method is based on the thermal decomposition of metal compounds which lead to the
formation of pure metals. Titanium and zirconium can be purified using this method.
For example, the impure titanium metal is heated in an evacuated vessel with iodine at a
temperature of 550 K to form the volatile titanium tetra-iodide.(TiI4). The impurities are left
behind, as they do not react with iodine.

The volatile titanium tetraiodide vapour is passed over a tungsten filament at a temperature
aroud 1800 K. The titanium tetraiodide is decomposed and pure titanium is deposited on the
filament. The iodine is reused.

14. Write short notes on Schotten-Baumann reaction?

Phenol on treatment with acid chlorides gives esters. The acetylation and benzoylation of
phenol are called Schotten-Baumann reaction.

15. Barium has a body centred Cubic unit cell with a length of 508pm along an edge.
What is the density of Barium in gcm-3?
IV. Answer all the questions. (3x5=15)
16.(a) (i) What is Acid Leaching?
Leaching of sulphide ores such as ZnS, PbS etc., can be done by treating them with hot
aqueous sulphuric acid.

In this process the insoluble sulphide is converted into soluble sulphate and elemental
sulphur.
(ii) Give the uses of Zinc?
Metallic zinc is used in galvanising metals such as iron and steel structures to protect them
from rusting and corrosion.
Zinc is also used to produce die-castings in the automobile, electrical and hardware
industries.
Zinc oxide is used in the manufacture of many products such as paints, rubber, cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals, plastics, inks, batteries, textiles arid electrical equipment.
Zinc sulphide is used in making luminous paints, fluorescent lights and x-ray screens.
Brass an alloy of zinc is used in water valves and communication equipment as it is highly
resistant to corrosion.
(OR)
(b) Describe the structure of Diborane.
In diborane two BH2 units are
linked by two bridged hydrogens.
Therefore, it has eight B-H bonds.
However, diborane has only 12
valance electrons and are not
sufficient to form normal covalent
bonds.
The four terminal B-H bonds are
normal covalent bonds (two centre
– two electron bond or 2c-2e bond).
The remaining four electrons have to used for the bridged bonds, i.e. two three centred B-
H-B bonds utilise two electrons each. Hence, these bonds are three centre – two electron
bonds. The bridging hydrogen atoms are in a plane as shown in the figure. In dibome, the
boron is sp3 hybridised.
 Three of the four sp3 hybridised orbitals contains single electron and the fourth orbital is
empty.
Two of the half-filled hybridised orbitals of each boron overlap with the two hydrogens to
form four-terminal 2c-2e bonds, leaving one empty and one half filled hybridised orbitals
on each boron.
The Three centre – two-electron bonds, B-H-B bond formation involves overlapping the
half filled hybridised orbital of one boron, the empty hybridised orbital of the other boron
and the half-filled 1s orbital of hydrogen.
17.(a) Differentiate Crystalline Solids and Amorphous Solids?
S.
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
NO.
1 Long range orderly arrangement of Short range, random arrangement of
constituents constituents
2 Definite shape Irregular shape
3 Generally crystalline solids are anisotropic They are isotropic like liquids
in nature
4 They are true solids They are considered as pseudo solids (or)
super cooled liquids
5 Definite Heat of fusion Heat of fusion is not definite
6 They have sharp melting points Gradually soften over a range of
temperature and so can be moulded
7 Examples: NaCl, diamond etc., Examples: Rubber, plastics, glass etc
(OR)
(b) (i) Define Rate law?
The expression in which reaction rate is given in terms of molar concentration of the reactants
with each term raised to some power, which may or may not be same as the Stoichiometric
coefficient of the reacting species in a balanced chemical equation.
xA + yB → products Rate = k[A]m[B]n k = Rate constant
(ii) Give the differences between order and Molecularity of a reaction?
ORDER OF A REACTION MOLECULARITY OF A REACTION
It is the sum of the powers of concentration It is the total number of reactant species that
terms involved in the experimentally are involved in an elementary step.
determined rate law.
It can be zero (or) fractional (or) integer It is always a whole number, cannot be zero
or a fractional number.
It is assigned for a overall reaction. It is assigned for each elementary step of
mechanism.
18.(a) Explain Victor Meyer’s Test?
Result:
• Primary alcohol gives red colour
• Secondary alcohol gives blue colour.
• No colouration will be observed in case of tertiary alcohol.
 (OR)
(b) (i) Why ionic solids are hard and Brittle?
Ionic crystalline are hard because they are bound together by strong electrostatic attractive
forces.
To maximize the attractive force, cations are surrounded by as many anions as possible and
vice versa.
The electrostatic repulsion can be enough to split or disorient completely the lattice
infrastructure. Thus imparts the brittle character.
(ii) Give the uses of Silicones?
Silicones are used for low temperature lubrication and in vacuum pumps, high temperature
oil baths etc.
They are used for making water proofing clothes.
 They are used as insulting material in electrical motor and other appliances
They are mixed with paints and enamels to make them resistant towards high temperature,
sunlight, dampness and chemicals.

PREPARED BY,
Mr. S.JOHNSON., M.Sc., M.Sc., B.Ed.,
PGT – CHEMISTRY
SACRED HEART MAT. HR. SEC. SCHOOL,
SHOLINGANALLUR, CHENNAI – 600119.