Class – X [CBSE]

Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v)
Case Study – 01
The food which is prepared by the process of
photosynthesis in the leaves of a plant has to be transported to
other parts like stem, roots, branches etc. Therefore this food is
transported to other parts of the plant through a kind of tubes
called phloem. The transport of food from leaves to other parts of
a plant is called translocation. The food made by the leaves is in
the form of simple sugar. Phloem is present in all the parts of a
plant. Phloem is a long tube made of many living cells joined end
to end. The living cells of phloem are called sieve tubes.
(i) Identify the correct pair of labelled parts with the help of this figure.
(a) W – Sieve plate, Y – Companion cell
(b) X – Sieve plate, Z – Companion cell
(c) Y – Sieve tubes, Z – Sieve plate
(d) X – Companion cell, Y – Phloem parenchyma
W – represents sieve plate
X – represents sieve tubes
Y – represents companion cell and
Z – represents phloem parenchyma.
(ii) Name the labeled part which contains cytoplasm but no nucleus.
(a) Sieve tube (b) Companion cell (c) Phloem parenchyma (d) Sieve plate
Because Sieve tubes (X) are living cells which contain cytoplasm but no nucleus.
(iii) In which direction phloem translocates the food?
(a) Upward (b) Downward (c) Backward (d) Either (a) or (b)
The movement of food in phloem can be upward or downward depending on the needs of
the plant.
(iv) The phloem tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of
(a) amino acid (b) hormones (c) sugar (d) all of these
The phloem translocates the food (sugar) made in the leaves. Besides food molecules,
phloem also transports amino acids, hormones synthesized in shoot tips and root tips
and other metabolites.
(v) which of the following is not a part of phloem?
(a) Companion cell (b) tracheids (c) Sieve plate (d) Sieve Tube
Components of phloem are sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and sieve
plates. Tracheids are constituent of xylem tissue.
Case Study – 02
In human being, the holozoic nutrition take place in five steps:
1. Ingestion – The process of taking food inside the body is called ingestion.
2. Digestion – In digestion the ingested food is converted into simple form with the help
of digestive enzymes.

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 Class – X [CBSE]
Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)
3. Absorbtion – In this stage the food digested in second
step is absorbed into the cells of body.
4. Assimilation – Assimilation is the process of utilizing
the food absorbed in third step by various cells of the
body.
5. Egestion – Egestion is the final step of holozoic
nutririon in which the undigested food is removed from
the body.
(i) Which is the correct sequence of parts in human
alimentary canal?
(a) Mouth  Stomach  Small intestine 
Oesophagus  Large intestine
(b) Mouth  Oesophagus  Stomach  Large intestine  Small intestine
(c) Mouth  Oesophagus  Stomach  Small intestine  Large intestine
(d) Mouth  Oesophagus  Stomach  Small intestine  Large intestine
(ii) If salivary amylase is lacking in the sliva, which of in the mouth cavity will be
affected?
(a) Proteins breaking down into amino acids
(b) Starch breaking down into sugars
(c) Fats breaking down into fatty acids and glycerol
(d) Absorption of vitamins
(iii) The inner lining of stomach is protected by one of the following from hydrochloric
acid, choose the correct one.
(a) Pepsin (b) Mucus (c) Salivary amylase (d) Bile
(iv) Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from the liver?
(a) Stomach (b) Small intenstine (c) Large intestine (d) Oesophagus
(v) Choose the function of the pancreatic juice from the following.
(a) Trypsin digests proteins and lipase carbohydrates
(b) Trypsin digests emulsified fats and lipase proteins
(c) Trypsin and lipase digest fats
(d) Trypsin digests proteins and lipase digests emulsified fats droplets.
Case Study – 03
The human heart is a muscular organ made up of cardiac muscles. It is a four –
chambered organ to prevent intermixing of oxygenated and de –oxygenated blood. A thick
wall muscle called septum that separates the two sides left and right of the heart. Look at
the picture.

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 Class – X [CBSE]
Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)

(i) The upper two chambers and lower two chambers are called:
(a) Ventricles and auricles respectively
(b) Auricles and ventricles respectively
(c) Ventricles and valves respectively
(d) Arteries and veins respectively
(ii) The artery which carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart into lungs is called:
(a) Pulmonary artery (b) Hepatic artery (c) Renal artery (d) all arteries
(iii) Pulmonary vein brings:
(a) oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
(b) de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
(c) oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
(d) de – oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
(iv) Tricuspid valve is found between:
(a) right auricle and right ventricle (b) left auricle and left ventricle
(c) right auricle and left ventricle (d) left auricle and right ventricle
(v) The de-oxygenated blood from the body organs first enters:
(a) into right atrium of the heart through vena cava.
(b) into left atrium of the heart through vena cava.
(c) into right ventricle of the heart through vena cava.
(d) into right atrium of the heart through aorta.

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 Class – X [CBSE]
Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)
Case Study – 04
The tubes – blood vessels – Arteries are the vessels which carry blood away from
the heart to various organs of the
body. Since the blood emerges
from the heart under high
pressure, the arteries have thick,
elastic walls. Veins collect the
blood from different organs and
bring it back to the heart. They do
not need thick walls because the
blood is no longer under pressure,
instead they have valves that
ensure that the blood flows only in
one direction. On reaching an
organ or tissue, the artery divides
into smaller vessels to bring the
blood in contact with all the
individuals cells. The smallest
vessels have walls which are one –
cell thick and care called capillaries. Exchange of material between the blood and
surrounding cells takes place across this thin wall. The capillaries then join together to
form veins that convey the blood away from the organ or tissue.
(i) A blood vessel which carries blood back to the heart is :
(a) artery (b) vein (c) capillary (d) platelet
(ii) The blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
(a) Main artery (b) pulmonary artery (c) main vein (d) pulmonary vein
(iii) The smaller vessels in which arteries are divided after entering the body organs are
called:
(a) cytokinesis (b) granum (c) centrioles (d) arterioles
(iv) after entering into the tissues, the arteries are divided into
(a) Aorta (b) atrium (c) capillaries (d) veins
(v) The blood vessels in which there are no valves includes
(a) veins and capillaries (b) capillaries and arteries
(c) arteries and nerves (d) vein and arteries

Case Study – 05
The force exerted by the blood against the wall of a vessel is called blood pressure.
This pressure is much greater in arteries than in veins. The pressure of blood inside the
artery during ventricular systole (contraction) is called systolic pressure and pressure in
the artery during ventricular diastole (relaxation) is called diastolic pressure.
(i) Study the table given below and select the row that has incorrect information.
Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure
(a) Average range 90 – 120 mm of Hg 60 – 80 mm of Hg
(b) Reading of blood pressure High Low
(c) Ventricles of heart Contract Relaxed
(d) Blood pressure in arteries Minimum Maximum

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 Class – X [CBSE]
Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)
(ii) Choose the correct combination to depict the given figure:
(a)
(b) x. Systolic pressure, y. Diastolic pressure
(c)
(d)
(iii) The characteristics observed in hypertension are:
1. Construction of arterioles
2. Results in rupture of an artery
3. Causes internal bleeding
4. Increase blood flow
Choose the correct option based on the statement
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2, 3 and 4
(iv) A person travelling through a public transport suddenly fainted. Upon check- up by a
health care provider, it was found that his blood pressure was 152 – 95. Name the medical
condition that the person is going through.
(a) (b) High blood pressure
(c) (d)
(v) In the above case, the health care provider used an instrument to check the blood
pressure of the patient. Name the instrument used by the health care provider.
(a) (b)
(c) Sphygmomanometer (d)
Case Study – 06
During inhalation, the diaphragm is contracted which increases the volume of the
lung cavity. During exhalation, the diaphragm is relaxed which decreases the volume of
the lung cavity. The given graph is related to the changes in the volume of lungs of a
person at a rest over a period of 20 seconds.

(i) How many breaths per minute is the person taking when at rest?
(a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 17 (d) 20
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 Class – X [CBSE]
Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)
It is clear from the given graph that the person is taking 5 breaths per 20 sec, so in 1
minute (60 sec) he will take 15 breaths (60 x 5/20)
(ii) Which two points in the graph (C, D, E or F), shows inspiration and expiration?
(a) D, E (b) D, F (c) C, D (d) E, F
Point ‘D’ shows increase in the volume of lungs, thus at this point, inspiration is
taking place while point ‘F’ shows decrease in the volume of lungs, thus at this point,
expiration is taking place.
(iii) Which of the following muscles help during inhalation?

(a) External intercostal muscles (b) Internal intercostal muscles

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

External and internal intercostals muscles are specialized set of muscles that help
during inhalation.
(iv) During vigorous exercise, the rate of breathing of normal man is
(a) 20 to 25 times per minute (b) 50 to 90 times per minute
(c) 100 to 150 times per minute (d) 40 to 70 times per minute.
The rate of breathing increases during vigorous exercise. This is because the body
needs more energy which can be released only if greater amounts of oxygen reach the
cells. For this purpose, the rate of breathing increases. (This will increase the supply of
oxygen to the cell)
(v) Which is the correct sequence of air passage during inhalation?
(a) Nostrils  Larynx  Pharynx  Trachea  Lungs
(b) Nasal passage  Trachea  Pharynx  Larynx  Alveoli
(c) Larynx  Nostrils  Pharynx  Lungs
(d) Nostrils  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Alveoli
Case Study - 07
Each capillary cluster in the kidney is
associated with the cup – shaped end of a tube
that collects the filtered urine (see adjoining
figure). Each kidney has large numbers of these
filtration units called nephrons packed close
together. Some substances in the initial filtrate,
such as glucose, amino acids, salts and a major
amount of water, are selectively re-absorbed as
the urine flows along the tube. The amount of
water reabsorbed depends on how much excess
water there is in the body, and on how much of
dissolved waste there is to be exerted. The urine
forming in each kidney eventually enters a long
tube, the ureter, which connects the kidneys with
the urinary bladder. Urine is stored in the urinary
bladder until the pressure of the expanded bladder
leads to the urge to pass it out through the
urethra. The bladder id muscular, so it is under

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 Class – X [CBSE]
Biology [Case base Study] (Part – 01)
nervous control, as we have discussed elsewhere. As a result, we can usually control the
urge to urinate.
(i) Which of the following is the correct path taken by urine in our body?
(a) kidney  ureter  urethra  bladder
(b) kidney  bladder  urethra  ureter
(c) kidney  ureter  bladder  urethra
(d) bladder  kidney  ureter  urethra
(ii) The excretory unit in the human excretory system is called:
(a) nephron (b) neuron (c) nephridia (d) kidneyon
(iii) The substance which is not reabsorbed into the blood capillaries surrounding the
tubule of a nephron is mainly:
(a) glucose (b) amino acid (c) urea (d) water
(iv) The procedure of cleaning the blood of a person by using a kidney machine is known
as:
(a) ketolysis (b) hydrolysis (c) dialysis (d) photolysis
(v) The kidneys in human beings are of the system for
(a) nutrition (b) respiration (c) excretion (d) transportation

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