Alexander the Great in
hieroglyphs
The first pharaoh of the Argead Dynasty, a.k.a. Alexander III of Macedon
When Alexander the Great entered Egypt
Precedessor
in late October 332 BC, he met no
Darius III
resistance and was crowned Pharaoh at
Memphis. He then travelled through the
Successor
desert to the Temple of Amun at the Siwa
Philip III Arrhidaeus
oasis, where the oracle confirmed that he
was the son of Amun. Reign of Alexander the Great
332–323
After six months, in April of 331 BC, he Dodson 332–323
founded a new city: Alexandria. Shortly
thereafter set out to conquer the rest of
the Persian Empire and beyond. On his
deathbed in Babylon in 323 BC, he
expressed his wish to be buried in the
temple at Siwa.
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
HORUS Mek Kemet THE DUAL KING Setep en Ra, mery Amun SON OF RA Aleksindres
Horus names
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon
representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
HORUS NAME
Mek Kemet
mk-kmt
The guardian of Egypt
G20-k:km*O49
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 4c
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233,
1:H1
HORUS NAME VARIANT
Heqa qeni
ḥḳꜢ-ḳni
The brave ruler
S-HqA-q:n:nw-D40
Karnak F 377 (room XXIX)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 3a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233,
1:H2
HORUS NAME VARIANT
Heqa qeni teken khasut
ḥḳꜢ-ḳni tkn-ḫꜢswt
The brave ruler who has attacked foreign lands
HqA-q:n:nw:D40-t:k:n:D54-N25:N25:N25
Sanctuary of Alexander facade at Akhmenu Hall in Karnak
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Text III, 32
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233,
1:H3
HORUS NAME VARIANT
Heqa heqau nu ta er djeref
ḥḳꜢ ḥḳꜢw nw tꜢ (r) ḏr=f
The ruler of the rulers of the entire land
HqA-q-HqA-HqA-q-N33AV-nw-N33AV-N17:N34-r:f
Pedestal from the temple of Alexander at the Bahariya Oasis
Bosch-Puche, The Egyptian Royal Titulary of Alexander, JEA, 99, 134-136
HORUS NAME VARIANT
Tjema a
ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ
The sturdy-armed one
T:mA-a
Clepsydra fragment, Hermitage Museum no. 2507a
Bosch-Puche, The Egyptian Royal Titulary of Alexander, JEA, 99, 134
Nebty name
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses
Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing
Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
NEBTY NAME
Mai wer pehty itj dju tau khasut
mꜢi wr-pḥty iṯ ḏww tꜢw ḫꜢswt
The lion, great of might, who takes possession of mountains, lands,
and deserts
E23-wr:r-F9:F9-V15-N25:N25:N33A-N17:N17:N33A-N25:N25:N33A
Pedestal from the temple of Alexander at the Bahariya Oasis
Bosch-Puche, The Egyptian Royal Titulary of Alexander, JEA, 99, 138-139
Golden Horus name
Horus perched on Gold, which
was associated with eternity,
but its meaning is disputed.
GOLDEN HORUS NAME
Ka nakht khui baqet heqa wadj-wer shenu en
Aten
kꜢ [nḫt] ḫwi BꜢḳ[t] ḥḳꜢ wꜢḏ(-wr) šnw n itn
The (strong) bull who protects Egypt, the ruler of the sea and of what
the sun encircles
E1:n-i-w&x-D40-q:t-b-D10-HqA-M14-N35A-V9:Z1A-i-t:n:/
Pedestal from the temple of Alexander at the Bahariya Oasis
Bosch-Puche, The Egyptian Royal Titulary of Alexander, JEA, 99, 140-141
Throne names
Announced at the coronation and
always written in a cartouche. The
“official” name of the pharaoh.
Also known as the Prenomen.
THRONE NAME
Setep en Ra, mery Amun
stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
Chosen by Ra and beloved of Amun
C2\-C12-stp:n:N36
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 4b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233, 1:T1
THRONE NAME VARIANT
Setep en Ra mery Amun
stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
Chosen by Ra and beloved of Amun
mr\-C12A\-C2A-stp:n
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , II, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233, 1:T3
Birth names
Personal name given at birth.
Also known as the Nomen.
BIRTH NAME
Aleksindres
Ꜥlksindrs
Alexandros (Alexander)
A-l:k:z-i-n:d:r:z
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 4c
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233, 1:E1
BIRTH NAME VARIANT
Aleksendres
Ꜥlksndrs
Alexandros (Alexander)
A-l:k:z-n:d:r:z
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 3a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233, 1:E2
BIRTH NAME VARIANT
Aleksindres
Ꜥlksindrs
Alexandros (Alexander)
A-l:k-s-i-n:d:r:z
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 4a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 232-233, 1:E3
Bibliography
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 20 (1915): 199–203
Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS
49: 232–233
Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 175–
176
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