JEE-ADVANCED

JR-MATHEMATICS
VOLUME - IV - INDEX

[Link]. NAME OF THE TOPIC PAGE No.

1. ADDITION OF VECTORS 001 - 031

2. DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS 032 - 055
3. CROSS PRODUCT 056 - 080
4. SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT 081 - 097
5. VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT 098 - 107
6. VECTOR ALGEBRA 108 - 172
(ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS)
7. 3D CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM 173 - 223
8. DC'S AND DR'S 224 - 239
9. 3D-LINES 240 - 257

10. PLANES 258 - 275

JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

ADDITION OF VECTORS
Note: (i) A vector a means we are free to
SYNOPSIS choose initial or terminal point anywhere. Once
initial point is fixed at A then terminal point is
 Definition of Vector and Scalar:
 Scalar: A physical quantity which has only uniquely fixed at B such that AB a
magnitude is called a scalar. (ii) A free vector is subjected to parallel
Examples: Length,volume, speed, time. displacement without changing the magnitude and
 Vector: A vector is a physical quantity which direction.
has both magnitude and direction . (iii) In general vectors are considered to be free
Geometrically a directed line segment is called a vectors unless they are localised.
vector.  Let a be a nonzero vector then
Examples: Force, Velocity, acceleration. a
Note: All real numbers are scalars. (i) Unit vector in the direction of a  a
 Notation: Vectors are denoted by directed line
(ii) Unit vector in the direction opposite to that of
segments such as AB, CD.... or by a , b ... If a
a is 
AB is a vector then A is called initial point and B is a
called the terminal point or final point and the
a
direction of AB is from A to B. The magnitude of (iii) Unit vectors parallel to a   a .

AB is denoted by AB or AB and, is the (iv) The vectors having magnitude m units and
distance between the points A and B. ma
parallel to a   .
 Types of Vectors: a
 Position Vector: Let O be a fixed point (called
the origin ) and let P be any point. If OP  r WE-1: a  i  2 j  2k and b  3i  6 j  2k ,
then r is called the position vector of P with then the unit vector in the direction of a and
respect to O.
having magnitude as b is
 Null Vector: A vector having zero magnitude
(arbitrary direction) is called the null (zero) vector. Sol: The required vector is
It is denoted by 0 . b 7
Note (i ) A zero vector can be regarded as a
a
3
 i  2 j  2k 
having any direction for all mathematical
calculations.  Equal Vectors: Two vectors a and b are
(ii) A non-zero vector is called a proper vector equal if they have the same magnitude
 Unit Vector: A vector whose magnitude is equal
to one unit is called a unit vector. i.e a  b  and they are in the same direction.
 Localised vector :A vector is a localised  Let a and b be the position vectors of the
vector, if the vector is specified by giving either
points A and B respectively. Then AB 
initial point or terminal point (or) if a vector is
specified by fixing atleast one of its ends is called a (position vector of B) - (position vector of A) i.e.,
localised vector. AB  b  a
 Free Vector: When a vector is specified by  Co-Initial Vectors: Vectors having the same
not fixing initial point or terminal point or both, is initial point are called coinitial vectors. The vectors
called a free vector, i.e., a free vector does not
have specific initial point or terminal point or both. OA, OB, OC... are coinitial vectors.

PINEGROVE 1
ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 Co-Terminal Vectors: The vectors having the  Scalar Multiplication of Vectors: Let
same terminal point are called the co-terminal a be a nonzero vector and let m be a scalar. Then
vectors. The vectors AO, BO, CO... are co- m a is a scalar multiplication of a by m .
terminal vectors. Note: i) The direction of m a is along a if m>o.
 Addition of Vectors: ii) The direction of m a is opposite to that of a if
 Triangle law of Vector Addition: m<o.
A
 Properties of Scalar Multiplication
of Vectors: If a , b are vectors & m, n are
a a+b scalars, then the magnitude (length) of m a is m
times that of a .
Note: (i) m(na )  n(ma )  (mn)a
B C
b (ii) (m  n)a  ma  na
If AB  a and BC  b are two non-zero vectors (iii) m(a  b )  ma  mb
are represented by two sides of a triangle A B C  If a and b are any two vectors,then
then the resultant (sum) vector is given by t h e
(i) a  b  a  b (ii) a  b  a  b
 
closing side AC of the triangle in opposite
direction. i.e., AC  AB  BC  a  b (iii) a  b  a  b
 Parallelogram Law of Vector (iv) If a and b are like vectors, then
Addition:
B C
a b  a  b
 Components of a space Vector:
b
Z
a+b

O a A
k
If a and b are two adjacent sides of the P(x, y, z)
Y
parallelogram, then their sum (resultant) O

a  b represents the diagonal of the parallelogram

through the common points. It is known as X
parallelogram law of vector addition.
 Let i , j , k be unit vectors acting along the positive
i.e., OC  OA  OB  a  b
directions of x, y and z axes respectively, then
 Properties of Addition of Vectors: position vector of any point P in the space is
i) Addition of vectors is commutative
OP  xi  yj  zk . Here (x, y, z) are called
i.e., a  b  b  a
ii) Addition of vectors is associative scalar components of vector OP along respective
i.e., a  b   c  a  b  c  axes and xi , yj , zk are called vector
iii) There exists a vector 0 such that components of OP along respective axes &
a  0  0  a  a . Then 0 is called the OP  x 2  y 2  z 2
additive identity vector.
iv) To each vector a there exists a vector a  Section Formula : If the position vectors of
the points A, B w.r.t. O are a and b and if the
such that a  a   a   a  0 .Then a is
point C divides the line segment AB in the ratio
called the additive inverse of a .

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

m : n internally  m  0, n  0  , then the position between a and b and is written as  a , b  .

B
mb  na
vector of C is OC  .
mn b

 If C is an external point that divides A  a  , B  b  
A A
in the ratio m : n externally then –a  O a
mb  na 
OC 
mn
 m  n  and  m, n  0  –b

 The point C (mid point) divides A  a  , B  b  in B

Note: If a  0 or b  0 , then angle between
a b
the ratio 1:1 , then OC  . a and b is undefined.
2
 Points of trisection : Two points which divide Note: (i)  a , b   0  a and b are like vectors.
a line segment in the ratio 1: 2 and 2 :1 are called 
the points of trisection. (ii)  a , b    a and b are orthogonal
2
WE-2: If a , b are the position vectors of A,B vectors.
respectively and C is a point on AB produced
such that AC = 3AB, then the position vector  
(iii) a , b    a and b are unlike vectors.
of C is
Sol: Let the position vector for C be c , then B divides (iv)  a , b    b , a  and  a , b     a , b 
AC internally in the ratio 1:2, therefore (v)  ma , nb    a , b  (if m,n have same signs).
2a  c
b  c  3b  2a . (vi)  ma , nb   1800   a , b 
2 1
 The position vector of the centroid G of the (if m,n have opposite signs).
a b c
 Right handed and left handed triads
triangle ABC with vertices a , b , c is Let OA  a , OB  b , OC  c be three non-
3
coplanar vectors. Viewing from the point C, if the
aa  bb  cc
and the incentre I  , where rotation of OA to OB does not exceed angle
abc
a  BC , b  CA and c  AB . 180 in anti-clock sense, then a , b , c are set to
 In ABC if D, E, F are the mid points of the form a right handed system of vectors and we
sides BC, CA, AB respectively and G is the say simply that ( a , b , c ) is right handed vector
centroid then (i) GA  GB  GC  0
triad. If ( a , b , c ) is not a right handed system, then
(ii) AD  BE  CF  0 .
it is called left handed system.
(iii) OA  OB  OC  OD  OE  OF  3OG
B A
 If a , b , c and d are the position vectors of the b a
vertices A, B, C and D respectively of a O
O
tetrahedron ABCD then the position vector of c a A b B
c
a b c d C C
its centroid is
4  Direction cosines and Direction
 Angle between two vectors : If ratios of a vector: Let i , j , k be an unit
OA  a , OB  b be two non-zero vectors and vector traid in the right handed system and r is a
AOB  , 00   1800 is defined as the angle vector. If    r , i  ,    r , j  and

PINEGROVE 3
ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

   r , k  , then cos  , cos  , cos  are called  Let a and b be two noncollinear vectors. If

the direction cosines of r denoted by l , m, n l1a  m1b  l2 a  m2b then l1  l2 and m1  m2 .

respectively. The numbers proportional to  If a and b are two noncollinear vectors and
direction cosines of a given vector, i,e., kl , km, kn xa  yb  0 then the scalars x = 0 and y = 0.
are called the direction ratios of that vector for  Collinearity of Three Points: Let
k  R  0 A(a ), B(b ), C (c ) be three points. A necessary
 Some important results: If l , m, n are the and sufficient condition for these points to be
collinear is that there exist three scalars x,y,z not
direction cosines of a line, then l 2  m 2  n 2  1 .
all zero such that xa  yb  zc  0 and
 If OP  r and P is the ordered triad  x, y, z  x yz 0
then x  r cos   lr , y  r cos   mr and  The points A(a ), B(b ), C (c ) are collinear if
z  r cos   nr .
and only if AB  m AC or AC  n AB ,where m
 The direction cosines of the vectors i , j , k are
and n are scalars.
respectively 1, 0, 0  ,  0,1, 0  ,  0, 0,1 . WE-3: The points with position vectors
 Linear Combination of Vectors: 60 i  3 j , 40 i  8 j , ai  52 j are collinear
 Linear Combination: Let a1 , a2 ,..., an be n then a = .
vectors and let r be any vector. Then Sol: Let P,Q and R be the collinear points with position
r  x1 a1  x2 a2  x3 a3  ....  xn an is called vectors 60 i  3 j , 40 i  8 j and ai  52 j

a linear combination of the vectors a1 , a2 ,..., an . respectively. Then PQ   QR for some scalar 
 Collinear Vectors: Vectors which lie on a line  20 i  11 j     a  40  i  44 j 
or on parallel lines are called collinear vectors
   a  40   20, 44  11
(whatever be their magnitudes).
Note:(i) Two vectors a and b are collinear if    1/ 4 and   a  40   20
and only if a  mb or b  na where m ,n are  a  40  80  a  40
scalars (real numbers). W.E-4: Let a , b and c be three non-zero vectors
(ii) Let the vectors a  a1 i  a2 j  a3 k , which are pairwise non-collinear. If a  3b is
b  b1 i  b2 j  b3 k are collinear if and only if collinear with c and b  2c is collinear with
a1 a 2 a3 a , then a  3b  6c is [ AIE-2011] 1]
 
b1 b2 b3 1) a+c 2) a 3) c 4) 0
(iii) The Vectors a , b are collinear vectors ifff Sol: As a  3b is collinear with c , a  3b   c ... (1)
 a , b   00 or180 As b  2c is collinear with a, b  2c   a ... (2)
 Let a and b be two non collinear vectors and from (1) we get a+3b+6 c     6  c ... (3)
let r be any vector coplanar with [Link]
from (2) we get a  3b  6c  (1  3 ) a ... (4)
r  xa  yb and the scalars x and y are unique
since a is not collinear with c ,
in the sense that if r  x1a  y1b and
  6  1  3  0
r  x2 a  y2b then x1  x2 and y1  y2 .
from (3) or (4) a  3b  6c  0
The vector equation r  xa  yb implies that
the vectors r , a , b are coplanar..

4 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

 Coplanar Vectors: Vectors which lie on a  Linearly Dependent (L.D) and

plane or parallel to the same plane are called Independent (L.I) Vectors: A system of
coplanar vectors. The vectors a , b , c are vectors a1 , a2 ,..., an is linearly dependent if there
coplanar if their exist scalar x,y,z not all zero such
exists a system of scalars x1 , x2 ,..., xn not all zero
that xa  yb  zc  0 . (atleast one of the scalar is non zero) such that
 A necessary and sufficient condition for four points
x1a1  x2 a2  ...  xn an  0
A(a ), B( b ), C (c ), D(d ) to be coplanar is that
 The system of vectors a1 , a2 ,..., an is linearly
there exist four scalars x,y,z,t not all zero such that
independent if every relation of the form
xa  yb  zc  td  0 and x  y  z  t  0
x1a1  x2 a2  ...  xn an  0 implies that
 Let a , b , c be three noncoplanar vectors then the
x1  x2  ...........  xn  0
vector equation xa  yb  zc  0 implies that
 Note: i) Any two non collinear vectors are L.I.
x  y  z  0. ii) Any two collinear vectors are L.D.
 Let a , b , c three non-coplanar vectors. Then any iii) Any three non co-planar vectors are L.I.
iv) Any three co-planar vectors are L.D.
vector r can be expressed as a linear
v) Any four vectors in 3D-space are L.D.
combination of a , b , c i.e., vi) Any super set of L.D. system of vectors is also
r  xa  yb  zc . Further the scalars x, y, z are L.D.
vii) Any Sub set of L.I. system of vectors is also
unique in the sense that if
L.I.
r  x1a  y1b  z1c and , r  x2 a  y2b  z2c then
WE-6: If the vectors a and b are linearly
x1  x2 , y1  y2 and z1  z2 . independent satisfying
WE-5 : If a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors
such that a  b  c   d and
  
3 tan   1 a  
3 sec   2 b  0 ,
then the most general values of  are
b  c  d   a then a  b  c  d is
Sol: We have, Sol: 3 tan   1  0 and 3 sec  2  0
a  b  c   d and b  c  d   a 11 11
     2n  ,n Z
Let a  b  c  d    d and 6 6
 To verify that three given vectors
a  b  c  d     a
a  a1 i  a2 j  a3k , b  b1 i  b2 j  b3 k and
   1 d     1 a , If   1, then
c  c1 i  c2 j  c3 k are linearly independent or
 1 linearly dependent,
  1 d     1 a  d  a
 1 a1 a2 a3
  1 find   b1 b2 b3
a  b  c  d  a  b  c     1 a c1 c2 c3
 
     1  i) If   0 , then they are linearly independent.
 1  a bc  0 ii) If   0 , then they are linearly dependent.
  1 
 Definition of Orthonormal Vectors:
 a , b , c are coplanar. Which is a contradiction If i , j , k are three vectors such that
to the given condition
  1  a  b  c  d  0 i  j  k  1 and  i , j  =  j , k  =

PINEGROVE 5
ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

k , i  = 90 0 then i , j , k are called Orthonormal (iii) Vector equation to a plane passing through

Vectors 
the points A  a  , B b and C  c  is
 Vector Equation of Line: r  1  t  s  a  tb  sc  t , s  R 
(i) Vector equation to a line passing through the
(iv)Vector equation to a plane passing through the
point A( a ) and parallel to the vector b is
origin (0) and parallel to the vectors b and c is
r a tb  t  R 
r  tb  sc .(where t, s are parameters)
(ii) Vector equation to a line passing through two
 Standard Results: If AD is the internal
points A( a ) and B( b ) is r = (1-t) a + t b bisector of the angle A, then D divides BC in the
t  R  ratio AB : AC. then
(iii) Vector equation to a line passing through the AC AB  AB AC
origin (position vector 0 ) and parallel to the vector AD 
AB  AC
a is r = t a .  t  R 
WE-7 : The vertices of a triangle are
 (i) The cartesian equation to a line passing through
A 1, 1, 3  , B  2,1, 2  and C  5, 2, 6  .
the point A ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and parallel to the vector
The length of the bisector of its interior angle
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 at the vertex A is
(a,b,c) is   .
a b c Sol: The bisector divides BC in the ratio AB:AC i.e
(ii) The cartesian equation to a line passing through
6 : 3 6 or 1: 3 at point [Link] the
two points A ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
1 5
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 position vector of D is i  j  3k and
B= (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) is x  x  y  y  z  z or 4 4
1 2 1 2 1 2

x  x2 y  y2 z  z2
3 9
  AD   i  j  0k .
x1  x 2 y1  y 2 z1  z 2 4 4
(iii) The cartesian equation of a line passing through 9 81 3
the origin (0,0,0) and the point Hence, AD    10
16 16 4
x y z
( x1 , y1 , z1 ) is x  y  z .  Let OA  a and OB  b . Then a vector along
1 1 1
a) The internal bisector of the angle AOB is
 (i) The vector equation to the X-axis is r   i ,
a b 
 is a scalar..     , is a scalar..
(ii) The cartesian equation to the X-axis is a b 
 
x y z
  . b) The external bisector of the angle AOB is
1 0 0
 Vector Equation of a Plane: a b 
(i) Vector equation to a plane passing through the     , is a scalar..
a b 
 
point A  a  and parallel to the vectors b and c is
 (i) Vector equation of the internal bisector of an
r  a  tb  sc  t , s  R  angle between two vectors b and c with vertex
(ii) Vector equation to a plane passing through the b c 
at a is r  a  t    , where t is a scalar..

points A  a  and B b and parallel to c is b

c 

r  1  t  a  tb  sc t, s  R  (ii) Vector equation of the external angular bisector

6 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

b c  
is r  a  t    where t is a scalar.. or, c 
9
 i  7 j  2k 
b c 
 
 
WE- 8 : If the vector  i  j  k bisects the angle  c  1  49  4   54
9 9
between the vector c and the vector
But c  5 6 (given).
3i  4 j ,then the unit vector in the direction
of c is 
 54  5 6    15
Sol : Let xi  yj  zk be the unit vector along c . 9
Hence,
Since  i  j  k bisects the angle between c
15 5
and 3i  j . Therefore, c 
9
 i  7 j  2 k     i  7 j  2k 
3
3i  4 j 
   i  j  k    xi  yj  zk   i) If A ( a1 , b1 , c1 ), B ( a1 , b1 , c 2 ) and C ( a1 , b2 , c1 ) are
5 the vertices of a  ABC then,
3 4  b1  b2 c1  c2 
 x   , y    and z  
5 5 (i) Circumcentre is  a1 , , 
 2 2 
Now, x 2  y 2  z 2  1
(ii) Orthocentre is A  a1 , b1 , c1 
( xi  yj  zk is a unit vector)  In  ABC if ‘S’ is the circumcentre and ‘O’ is the
 3 
2
4
2 orthocentre then
            2  1 (i) SA  SB  SC  SO
 5  5
(ii) OA  OB  OC  2 OS
2
   0 or   . (iii) AO  OB  OC  2 AS
15
But   0 . Because   0 implies that the given  Parallelogram: Let ABCD be a
vectors are parallel. parallelogram
D C
2 11 10 2
   x   , y  and z 
15 15 15 15 E
Hence, M

1
xi  yj  zk  
15
11i  10 j  2k  . A F B

i) Diagonal AC  AB  BC and diagonal

WE-9 : The vector c ,directed along the internal
bisector of the angle between the vectors BD  BC  CD   AB  BC
and b  2 i  j  2k ii) AC and BD are diagonals of a parallelogram
a  7 i  4 j  4k
AC  BD AC  BD
with c  5 6 , is then, a) AB  b) BC 
2 2
iii) If E is the point of intersection of diagonals then
a b
Sol : The required vector c is given by c      OA  OB  OC  OD  4 OE (diagonals bisect
a b each other)
 
iv) If F is midpoint of AB and DF intersects AC at
1 1  M then (i) AM : MC = 1 : 2 and
    7 i  4 j  4 k    2 i  j  2 k  
9 3  (ii) DM : MF = 2:1.

PINEGROVE 7
ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 Regular Hexagon: P to the vertices A,B,C of a triangle meet the

Consider regular hexagon ABCDEF. opposite sides in D,E,F respectively,then
BD CE AF
E D   1
DC EA FB
 Menelau’s theorem: If a transversal cuts the
O sides BC,CA,AB of a triangle in D,E,F
F C BD C E AF
respectively,then    1
D C EA FB
b
C.U.Q
A a B
1. Which of the following diagram graphically
a) If AB  a and BC  b then represents a displacement of 40 km, 300 east
of north
i) AC  AB  BC  a  b N N
P P
ii) AD  2 BC  2b iii) CD  b  a
30° 30°
iv) DE   AB  a v) 40km 40km
EF   BC  b
E E
vi) FA  CD  a  b 1) 2)
b) If ‘O’ is the centre of the hexagon then
AB  AC  AD AE  AF  3AD  6AO
N N
 Let A,B be two points Such that
a = OA , b = OB than the point C where OC = 40km P
30°
pa  qb lies E E
3) 4) 30°
(i) inside  OAB, if p>0, q>0 and p+q<1 40km P
(ii) outside  OAB but inside AOB if p>0, q>0
and p+q>1 2. Which of the following is true
(iii) outside  OAB but inside OAB if p<0, q>0 1) a and  a are collinear
and p+q<1 2) Two collinear vectors are always equal in
(iv) outside  OAB but inside OBA if p>0, q magnitude
<0 and p+q <1 3) Two vectors having same magnitude are collinear
(v) outside  OAB if p<0, q>0 and p+q>1 4) Two collinear vectors having the same magnitude
are equal
Rotation of a vector about an axis:
3. If a and b are two non-collinear vectors
 Let a   a1 , a2 , a3  . If the system is rotated and xa  yb  0 , Then
about 1) x  0 , but y is not neccessarily zero
i) x-axis through an angle  , then the new
2) y  0 , but x is not necessarily zero
components of a are
3) x  0, y  0 4) x  0, y  0
 a1 , a2 cos   a3 sin  ,  a2 sin   a3 cos  
4. If a and b are two collinear vectors then
ii) y-axis through an angle  , then the new
which of the following is incorrect ?
components of a are
1) xa  yb  0 and x  y  0
 a3 sin   a1 cos , a2 , a3 cos  a1 sin  
2) b   a ,  is a scalar
iii) z-axis through an angle  , then the new
3) both the vectors have the same direction, but
components of a are different magnitudes
 a1 cos   a2 sin  , a1 sin   a2 cos  , a3  4) the respective components of a and b are
 Ceva’s theorem: If the lines joining any point proportional

8 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

5. If the points A(a ), B(b ), C (c ) satisfy the 13. If OABC is a parallelogram with

relation 3 a - 8 b + 5 c = 0 then the points are OB = a , AB = b then OA = (E- 2000)

1) vertices of an equilateral triangle 1) a  b 2) a  b
2) collinear
3) vertices of a right angled triangle 1 1
3) (b  a ) 4) (a  b )
4) vertices of an isosceles triangle 2 2
6. If the points A, B, C, D have the position 14. If A(a ), B (b ) and C (c ) be the vertices of a
vectors a , b , c and d respectively such that triangle whose circumcentre is the origin then
       a  b   c   d then which of orthocentre is given by
the following is incorrect. a b c
1) Lines AC and BD are parallel 1) a  b  c 2)
3
2) Points A, B, C, D are collinear
3) Points A, B, C, D are non collinear a b c a b c
3) 4)
4) Lines AB&CD are parallel 2 4
7. Let  ,  ,  be distinct real numbers. The 15. Let a , b , c be three unit vectors such that
points with position vectors  i   j   k , 3 a + 4 b + 5 c = 0 Then
 i   j   k,  i   j   k
1) a , b , c are collinear
1) are collinear 2) form an equilateral triangle
3) form a scalene triangle 2) a , b , c are pair wise orthogonal
4) form a rightangled triangle
8. If AD, BE , CF are medians of an equilateral 3) a , b , c are linearly independent

triangle ABC, then AD  BE  CF  4) a , b , c are linearly dependent

1) AB  BC  CA 2) a zero vector 16. If a and b are two non-collinear vectors, then
3) both 1 and 2 4) 2 AF  3BF the points l1 a  m1b , l2 a  m 2 b and
9. In a trapezium, the straight line joining the mid
l3 a  m3b are collinear if
points of the diagonals is half the
1) difference of parallel sides 1)  l1 (m2  m3 )  0 2)  l1 (m1  m3 )  0
2) sum of parallel sides
3) difference of non parallel sides 3)  l1 (m1  m3 )  0 4)  l1 (m2  m3 )  0
4) sum of non parallel sides 17. If  is an angle given by
10. If ABCD is a Rhombus whose diagonals cut
at the origin O then O A + O B + O C + O D = cos 2   cos 2   cos 2 
cos   where
1) AB 2) O 3) AD 4) BC sin 2   sin 2   sin 2 

11. If the parallelogram ABCD with AC as the  ,  ,  are the angles made by a line with the
positive directions of the axes of reference then the
diagonal is completed, then the position vector
of the point D is measure of  is
1 1    
1)  C  A  B  2)  A  B  C  1)
4
2)
6
3)
2
4)
3
2 3
3) A  C  B 4) A  B  C 18. The direction cosines of two lines are
12. Three non-zero, non-parallel coplanar  l1 , m1 , n1  and  l2 , m2 , n2  .Then the value of
vectors are always 2
1) linearly dependent 2) linearly independent (l1l2  m1m2  n1n2 ) 2   (m1n2  m2 n1 ) =
3) either of (1) or (2) 4) cannot be determined 1) 1 2) 0 3) 4 4) 2

PINEGROVE 9
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

19. If I is the centre of a circle inscribed in a 2. If AB  2 i  3 j  k , CB  i  j  k ,

triangle ABC, then
CD  4 i  7 j then AD 
BC IA  CA IB  AB IC is
1) 5 i  11 j  k 2) 5i 11 j
1) 0 2) IA  IB  IC
3) 5i 11 j 4) 5i 11 j
IA  IB  IC IA  IB  IC
3) 4) 3. The position vectors of the points A,B,C are
3 2
i  2 j  k , i  j  k , 2 i  3 j  2k
20. If a , b are non-collinear vectors, then
respectively. If A is chosen as the origin then
1) a  b represents the bisector of the angle the position vectors of B and C are
between a and b 1) i  2k , i  j  3k
2) If a  b , then a  b bisects the angles 2) j  2k , i  j  3k
between a and b 3)  j  2k , i  j  3k
3) a , b, a  b from an equilateral triangle 4)  j  2k , i  j  3k
4) a  b, a  b are other two sides of the 4. The unit vector in the opposite direction of the
parallelogram for which a , b are two adjacent sides. vector a  6 i  3 j  2k is
21. If point O is the centre of a circle 1 1
circumscribed about a triangle ABC. Then 1) (6i  3 j  2k ) 2) (6i  3 j  2k )
7 7
OA sin 2 A  OB sin 2 B  OC sin 2C 
1 1
1) (OA  OB  OC ) sin 2 A 3) (6i  3 j  2k ) 4) (6i  3 j  2k )
7 7
2) (OA  OB  OC ) cos 2 A
5. If a   2,1, 1 , b  1, 1, 0  , c   5, 1,1
3) 0 4) (OA  OB  OC ) tan 2 A
then the unit vector parallel to a  b  c , but
22. The vector equation of the plane passing in the opposite direction is
through a,b,c is r=αa+βb+γc provided
1 1
1)       0 2)       1 1) 
3
 2 i  j  2k  2)
3
 2 i  j  2k 
3)      4)  2   2   2  1 1 1
C.U.Q-KEY 3)
3
 2 i  j  2k  4) 
3
2 i  j  2k 
01) 2 02) 1 03) 3 04) 3 05) 2 06) 3
07) 2 08) 3 09) 1 10) 2 11) 3 12) 1 COLLINEAR, LIKE AND UNLIKE
13) 2 14) 1 15) 4 16) 1 17) 4 18) 1 VECTORS
19) 1 20) 2 21) 3 22) 2 6. Let a , b be two noncollinear vectors .If

EXERCISE - I C.W OA =(x+4y) a +(2x+y+1) b , OB =(y-2x+2) a +

(2x-3y-1) b and 3OA  2OB ,
POSITION VECTOR,UNIT VECTOR AND then (x,y) =
EQUAL VECTORS: 1) (1,2) 2) (1,-2) 3) (2,-1) 4) (-2,-1)
1. The vector
7. If the vectors a  2 i  3 j  yk and
(cos  cos  ) i  (cos  sin  ) j  sin  k is
1) Null vector 2) unit vector b  xi  6 j  2k are collinear, then the
3) parallel to (i  j  k ) value of x + y is ….
1) 4 2) 5 3) -3 4) 3
4) a vector parallel to (2i  j  k )

10 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

8. If the position vectors of the points P,Q,R and TRIANGLE AND PARALLELOGRAM
S are respectively 2 i  4 k , LAW, VECTOR ADDITION
5 i  3 3 j  4k ,  2 3 j  k 15. If the position vectors of the vertices of a
triangle are 2i  j  k , i  3 j  5k and
PQ
and 2 i  k , then is 3i  4 j  4k then the triangle is
RS
1) Equilateral triangle 2) Isosceles triangle
2 3 1 3 3) Right angled isosceles triangle
1) 2) 3) 4) 4) Right angled triangle
3 2 3 4
9. If the vectors a  2 i  3 j  6k and b are 16. If the vectors 4 i  7 j  2k , i  5 j  3k and

collinear and | b | 21 , then b equals to 3i   j  k form a triangle then  =

1) 6 2) -6 3) 12 4) -1
1) 2  2 i  3 j  6k  2)  3  2 i  3 j  6k  17. Let ABC be a triangle and let D,E be the
3) i  j  k 4)  21 2 i  3 j  6k  midpoints of the sides AB,AC
respectively,then BE  DC 
10. If the vectors a  ( x, 2,5) and
b  (1, y, 3) are collinear then 1 3 3
1) BC 2) BC 3) BC 4) BC
5 6
2 2 4
5 6
1) x  ,y  2) x  ,y  18. Orthocentre of an equilateral triangle ABC is
3 5 3 5
the origin O. If OA  a, OB  b , OC  c then
5 6 5 6
3) x  ,y  4) x  ,y 
3 5 3 5 AB  2 BC  3CA 
11. If p  i  a j  k and q  i  j  k , then 1) 3c 2) 3a 3) 0 4) 3b
19. ABC is a triangle and P is any point on BC. If
| p  q | | p |  | q | is true for
1) a = -1 2) a = 1 PQ is the resultant of the vectors AP, PB and
3) all real values of ‘a’ 4) for no real values of ‘a’ PC then ACQB is
COPLANAR AND NON COPLANAR 1) rectangle 2) square 3) rhombus 4) parallelogram
VECTORS 20. The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are
12. If 3i+3j+ 3k , i+ k , 2 i+4 j-5k and i+2 j+3k then the unit
3i+ 3 j+λk are coplanar then  is … vector parallel to a diagonal is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 i  2 j  8k 3i  6 j  2 k
1) 2)
13. If the points   x,  ,   ,  ,   y,   , 69 7

 , ,   z  and   1,   1,   1 are 3)
i  2 j  8k
4)
i  2 j  8k
coplanar,   R then 69 69
1 1 1 SCALAR MULTIPLICATION AND
1) xy  yz  zx  1 2)    1 THEIR PROPERTIES
x y z
21. The vector i  xj  3k is rotated through an
1 1 1
3)    1 4) x y z = 1 angle  and doubled in magnitude, then it
1 x 1 y 1 z
14. Let a  i  j  k , b  i  j  2k and becomes 4 i   4 x  2  j  2k .
The value of x is
c  xi  ( x  2) j  k . If the vector c lies
in the plane of a and b then x equals[AIE-2007]  2  1  2 
1)   , 2  2)  , 2  3)  , 0  4) 2, 7
1) 0 2) 1 3) –4 4) –2  3  3  3 

PINEGROVE 11
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS LINEAR COMBINATION,LINEARLY

22. If the position vectors of P and Q are INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
i  2 j  7 k and 5i  3 j  4k respectively VECTORS, DC’S & DR’S:
then the cosine of the angle between PQ  1 
30. If a straight line makes an angle cos 1   with
and z-axis is  3
4 11 5 5 each of the positive x, y and z-axis, a vector parallel
1) 2) 3) 4) to that line is
162 162 162 162
23. If a vector a of magnitude 50 is collinear 1) i 2) i  j 3) j  k 4) i  j  k
15
with vector b  6 i  8 j  k and makes an 31. If e  li  m j  nk is a unit vector ,the
2
acute angle with positive z-axis then maximum value of lm + mn + nl is
1) a  4b 2) a  4b 3) b  4a 4) a  2b 1 3
1)  2) 0 3) 1 4)
SECTION FORMULA,MID POINT 2 2
24. If C is the mid point of AB and P is any point 32. Given a  i  2 j  3k , b  2 i  3 j  k ,
out side AB then (AIE-2005)
c  8i  13 j  9k , the linear relation among
1) PA  PB  2 PC  0 2) PA  PB  PC  0
them if possible is
3) PA  PB  2 PC 4) PA  PB  PC
1) 2a  3b  c  0 2) 2a  3b  c  0
25. If a and b are position vectors of A and B
3) 2 a  3b  c  0 4) a  b  c  0
respectively, then the position vector of a
point C in AB produced such that 33. If the vectors a+1343 b+c,-a+b+c and
AC  2015 AB is a+μb+2c are linearly dependent then  
1) 2014a  2015b 2) 2014b  2015a 1) 2014 2) 2015 3) 2016 4) 0
3) 2015b  2014 a 4) 2015b  2014a LH & RH Systems-geometrical
26. If 3a  4b  7 c  0 then the ratio in which applications:
34. The incentre of the triangle formed by the
C (c ) divides the join of A( a ) and B(b ) is
points i+j+k , 4i+j+k and 4i+5j+k is
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 3 3) 3 : 2 4) 4 : 3
27. The ratio in which i  2 j  3k divides the join i+ j+k
1) 2) i+2 j+3k
of 2 i  3 j  5k and 7 i  k is 3
1) -3 : 2 2) 1 : 2 3) 2 : 3 4) -4 : 3 3) 3 i+2 j+k 4) i+ j+k
5 a + 4 b -5 c 35. If the vectors a  3i  j  2k ,
28. A point C = divides the line
3
joining A = a-2 b + 3 c and B in the ratio 2:1, b   i  3 j  4k , c  4 i  2 j  6k form the
then AB is sides of the triangle then length of the median
bisecting the vector c is
1) a+3b-4c 2) 2a-3b+ 4c
1) 12 units 2) 6 units
3) a+5b-7c 4) 2a+3b-4c
29. The position vectors of the points A,B,C are 3) 2 6 units 4) 2 3 units
respectively a , b,c . If P divides AB in the ratio 36. If O is the circumcentre and O| is the
3:4 and Q divides BC in the ratio 2:1 b o t h orthocentre of a triangle ABC and if AP is
the circumdiameter then
externally then PQ =
AO '  O ' B  O ' C 
-2a-b-c
1) b+c- 2a 2) 2( b+c- 2a) 3) 4a-b - c 4) 1) OA 2) O ' A 3) AP 4) AO
2

12 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

ANGULAR BISECTORS EXERCISE - I (C.W) - K E Y

37. Let O be the origin and A, B be two points. 01) 2 02) 2 03) 4 04) 3 05) 2 06) 3 07) 4
and p, q are vectors represented by OA and 08) 2 09) 2 10) 3 11) 2 12) 1 13) 2 14) 1
15) 4 16) 3 17) 3 18) 2 19) 4 20) 4 21) 1
OB and their magnitudes are p, q . The unit 22) 2 23) 2 24) 3 25) 4 26) 4 27) 2 28) 3
vector bisecting the angle AOB is 29) 2 30) 4 31) 3 32) 3 33) 2 34) 3 35) 2
36) 3 37) 3 38) 1 39) 2 40) 3 41) 3 42) 3
p q p q p q 43) 3
  
p q p q p q EXERCISE - I (C.W) - HINTS
pq
1) p q 2) p q 3) p q 4) 1.
   2 cos 2  cos 2   cos 2  sin 2   sin 2 
p q p q p q
 cos 2   sin 2 
38. If a and b are two non-parallel unit vectors
2. AD  AB  CB  CD
and the vector  a  b bisects the internal
3. AB  OB  OA and , AC  OC  OA
angle between a and b , then  is
1) 1 2) 1/2 3) 2 4) 5 a
4. Required vector  
REGULAR HEXAGON |a|
39. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon and 5. a  b  c  2 i  j  2 k
AB  a , BC  b , CD  c then AE is equal to
a b c
1) a  b  c 2) b  c a  b  c  3 , Required vector  
a b c
3) a  b 4) a  c
6. Two vectors are equal then corresponding
40. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon. Then
components are equal.
AB  AC  AD  EA  FA  x 6 2
7.  
1) 2AB 2) 3AB 3) 4AB 4) AB 2 3 y
VECTOR EQUATION OF A LINE AND A
8. PQ  9  27  6 , RS  4  12  4
PLANE
41. A point on the line 9. b  t a  21 | t || a |
  
r  1  t  2 i  3 j  4 k  t 3i  2 j  2k  is 10.
x 2
 
5
1)  i  5 j  2k 2) i  6 j  8k 1 y 3

3) i  8 j  6k 4) i  j  k 11. Put a  1 , p  q  p  q
42. The point of intersection of
3 3 3
bc  c a
r  a  s  a  , r  b  t  
b 1 0 1 0
 2   2  12.
3 3 
where a,b ,c, are position vectors of the
vertices of a triangle x y 0
a+b+c a bc a bc x 0 z 0
1) a +b+ c 2) 3) 4) 13.
2 3 8 x 1 1 1
43. Cartesian equation of the plane
r  (1   )i (2   ) j  (3  2  2 )k is 1 1 1
1) 2 x  y  5 2) 2 x  y  5 1 1 2 0
14.
3) 2 x  z  5 4) 2 x  z  5 x ( x  2) 1

PINEGROVE 13
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 x ( 2  1)  ( x  2 )  2  1   1   1  1   0 1
 3x  x  2  2  0  2 x  0  x  0 30. i  j  k is parallel to
3
i jk . 
15. | BC | 6,| CA | 35,| AB | 41 31. l 2  m 2  n 2  lm  mn  nl  0
16. a  b  c 32. 2a  3b  c

b c 1 1343 1
17. A  0, OD  , OE 
2 2 1 1 1 0
33.
18. For an equilateral triangle, centroid = orthocentre. 1  2
19. PQ  AP  PB  PC ,
OA BC  OB CA  OC AB
 CP  PQ  AP  PB  CQ  AB
34. I  BC  CA  AB
20. a  2 i  4 j  5k , b  i  2 j  3k
35. Length of the median through the vertex C=
AC  a  b BD  b  a
1
21. 2 i  xj  3k  4 i   4 x  2  j  2k 2( a 2  b 2 )  c 2
2
2
4  x 2  10   20   4 x  2  1 1
 2(14  26)  56  24  6 units
2 2 2
 3x2  4x  4  0 , x  2,
3 36. AO '  O ' B  O ' C  2 AO '  AP
22. PQ  4 i  5 j  11k direction cosines of a b 
37. r  t   
4 5 11 a b 
PQ  i  j k  
162 162 162
15 a b 
23. a   (6 i  8 j  k);
38. r  t   
2 a b 
 
225
a  50   36  64   50 39. AE  AF  FE  b  c
4
40. FA  AC  FC  2AB and
 25 
     50    4    4 EA  AD  ED  AB
 2 
41. If t  1 then r  i  8 j  6k
a  4b ( a makes acute angle with z-axis)
42. Point of intersection of medians is centroid
24. C is mid point of AB
43. r  ( i  2 j  3k )   ( i  j  2k )   ( i  2k )
PA  PB
 PC   PA  PB  2 PC plane passing through A(1, 2, 3) and parallel to
2
b  i  j  2k and c   i  2k
25. AC  2015 AB , c  a  2015  b  a 

3a  4b EXERCISE - I (H.W.)
26. c 
7
Position vector,unit and equal vectors:
27.  1  2  : 1  7   3: 6  1: 2
1. a is a non zero vector and  is a scalar..
OA  2OB Then  a is a unit vector if
28. OC 
3
1 4 2
3OB  4OA 2OC  OB 1)   a 2)    a 3)   a 4)   a
29. OP  OQ 
3 4 1

14 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

2. Let OA = 2 i  4k , 8. The position vectors of four points P,Q,R,S are

2a  4c , 5a  3 3b  4c , 2 3b  c and
OB = 5i  3 3 j  4k , OC  2 3 j  k ,
2a  c respectively, then
OD = 2 i  k .Then the value of CD in 1) PQ is parallel to RS
terms of AB is
2) PQ is not parallel to RS
1 2 1
1) AB 2) AB 3) AB 4) AB 3) PQ is equal to RS
3 3 4
3. If the vectors a  xi  2 j  zk and 4) PQ is parallel and equal to RS
b  2 i  yj  k are equal, then ( x, y, z )  9. If the vectors 2i  3 j  6k , b are collinear
1) (2, 1, 2) 2) (2, 2, 1) 3) (1, 2, 2) 4) (2, 1, 1) and b  14 then b 
4. The unit vector in the direction of 2 i  3 j  k 1
is 1)
7
 2 i  3 j  6k  2)   4 i  6 j  12k 
1 1
1) 
14
 2i  3 j  k  3) 6 i  9 j  18k 4)  2 i  3 j  6k 
7
1 10. The three points A,B,C having position
2) 
14
 2i  3 j  k  vector s (1,x,3),(3,4,7)and (y,-2,-5) are
collinear then (x,y) is (EAM-2002)
1 1) (2,-3) 2) (-2,3) 3) (-2,-3) 4) (2,3)
3)
14
 2i  3 j  k  11. Let a  i  j  k , b  5i  3 j  3k ,
c  3i  j  2k . If a vector r is collinear with c
4) 14  2 i  3 j  k 
and r  a  b , then r equals
5. If a  3i  2 j  k and b  i  2 j  5k
3 2
then unit vector in the direction of a  b is 1) 3c 2)  c 3) 2c 4)  c
2 3
1 1 COPLANAR AND NON COPLANAR
1)
34
 2i  4 j  4k  2)
3
 i  2 j  2k  VECTORS
1 1 12. Let a  i  j , b  j  k and
3)
6
  2 i  4 j  2 k  4)  i  2 j  2 k 
4 c   a   b . If the vectors i  2 j  k ,
COLLINEAR,LIKE AND UNLIKE

VECTORS 3i  2 j  k and c are coplanar then  
6. The position vectors of the points A,B, C are
1)1 2) 2 3) 3 4) -3
respectively i  x j  3k , 3i  4 j  7 k and 13. If the position vectors of the points
yi  2 j  5k . If A,B, and C are collinear, then 2 i  3 j  6 k , 6 i  2 j  3k ,
xi  y j = 3 i  6 j  2 k and i  j   2 k are coplanar
then 31  2  233 is
1) 13 2) 11 3) 3 4) 2 2 1) 0 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3
7. Three points whose position vectors are 14. Let a,b and c be distinct non-negative numbers.
xi  yj  zk , i  zj and  i  j are If the vectors ai  aj  ck , i  k a n d
collinear, then relation between x, y, z is ci  cj  bk lie in a plane , then c is[AIE-2005]
1) x  2 y  1, z  0 2) x  y  1, z  0 1) The harmonic mean of a and b
3) x  y  1, z  0 4) x  2 y  1, z  0 2) equal to zero
3) the arithmetic mean of a and b
4) the geometric mean of a and b

PINEGROVE 15
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

TRIANGLE AND PARALLELOGRAM LAW, ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS

VECTOR ADDITION   
15. The points A(–1, 6, 6) B(–4, 9, 6) C(0, 7, 10) 22. Unit vector making angles 6 , 6 , 3 in the
form
direction of i, j , k is
1) equilateral triangle 2) right angled triangle
3) right angled isosceles triangle 4) isosceles triangle 1 1
1)
3
i jk  2)
3
i jk 
16. If 2 i  3 j  6k , 6 i  2 j  3k ,3i  6 j  2k
represent the sides of a triangle,then the 1
perimeter of the triangle is 3)
3
 
i  j  k 4) impossible to get such a vector

1) 6 2) 7 3) 14 4) 21 23. The non zero vectors a , b and c are

17. Let ABCD is a parallelogram and AC , related by a  8b and c  7b angle
BD be its diagonals Then AC  BD is between a and c is [AIE-2007]

 
1) 2AB 2) 2BC 3) 3AB 4) 3BC 1) 2) 3)  4) 0
4 2
18. If G is the centroid of ABC , SECTION FORMULA,MID POINT
GA + BG + GC = 24. If AO  OB  BO  OC then
1) 2 GB 2) 2 GA 3) O 4) 2 BG 1) A is the midpoint of BC
19. The vectors a , b , c , d are respectively the 2) B is the midpoint of CA
p.v’s of the points A, B, C, D and P, Q, R, S 3) C is the midpoint of AB
are the points such that 4) C divides AB in the ratio 1:2
AP  2 PB ; BQ  2QC ; 25. The position vectors of P and Q are
CR  2 RD; DS  2 SA . If PQRS is a respectively a and b . If R is a point on PQ
parallelogram, then a  b  c  d  such that PR  5 PQ , then the position vector
1) 0 2) 0 3) 3a 4) 2a of R is
1) 5b  4a 2) 5b  4a 3) 4b  5a 4) 4b  5a
20. If i  2 j  3k , 3i  2 j  k , are sides of a
26. If A, B, C are collinear points whose position
parallelogram, then a unit vector parallel to
vectors are a , b , c respectively satisfying the
one of the diagonals is
condition 3a  2c  5b , then AB : BC =
1 1
1)
3
 i  j  k  2)
3
 i  j  k 1) 3 : 2 2) 5 : 3 3) 2 : 3
27. Let A =(-3,4,-8) ,B=(5,-6,4). Then the
4) 3 : 5.

coordinates of the point in which the XY- plane

1 1
3)
3
 i  j  k  4)
3
 i  j  k  or XOY plane divides the line segment AB is
7 8 
SCALAR MULTIPLICATION AND 1) (7,-8,0) 2)  3 ,  3 , 0 
 
THEIR PROPERTIES  7 8   7  8
3)  2 ,  2 , 0  4)  0 , 3 ,  3 
21. The vector i  2 xj  2k rotated through an    
angle  and doubled in magnitude then it 28. Let A  2 i  7 j , B  i  2 j  4k ,
becomes 2 i  (2 x  2) j  (6 x  2)k . Then 9 i  30 j  4k
C . Then the ratio in which
the values of x are 5
1) 1, 1/3 2) -1, 1/3 3) 1,-1/3 4) 0,3 C divides AB internally is
1) 1 : 4 2) 2 : 3 3) 3 : 2 4) 5 : 1

16 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

36. Let G and G | be the centroids of the triangles

29. Let A  a  , B  b  , C  c  be the vertices of
ABC and A | B | C | [Link]
the triangle ABC and let D,E,F be the mid
points of the sides BC,CA,AB [Link] AA'+BB'+CC' 
P divides the median AD in the ratio 2:1 then 3
the position vector of P is 1) 2GG 1 2) 3G 1G 3) 3GG 1 4) GG1
2
1) 0 2) a  b  c ANGULAR BISECTORS
abc 2a  b  c 37. The unit vector bisecting OY and OZ is
3) 4)
3 3
LINEAR COMBINATION,LINEARLY i jk jk jk jk
1) 2) 3) 4)
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT 3 2 2 2
VECTORS, DC’S & DR’S 38. The vector ai + bj + ck is a bisector of the
30. A straight line is inclined to the axes of Y and
Z at angles 45 0 and 60 0 respectively. The angle between the vectors i + j and j + k if
inclination of the line with the X-axis is 1) a = b 2) a = c 3) a + b = c 4) a = b = c
1) 60 0 2) 45 0 3) 30 0 4) 90 0 REGULAR HEXAGON
31. If e  li  m j  nk is a unit vector and 39. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon and let

1 AB = a, BC = b, then CD=
l ,then maximum value of lmn is
3 1) a  b 2) a  b 3) b  a 4) 2 a
4 8 3 40. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon, If
1)1 2) 3) 4)
27 27 2 AD  xBC and CF  y BA then
32. If ( x, y, z )  0 and ( i  j  3k ) x ( x  y)2  8 
 (3i  3 j  k ) y (4 i  5 j ) z 1) 24 2) -4 3) 2 4) -24
  ( xi  yj  zk ) , then   VECTOR EQUATION OF A LINE AND A
1) 0, 1 2) –1, 0 3) 0, 2 4) –2, 0 PLANE
33. If the vectors a  b  c , a   b  2c , 41. A point on the line
r  2 i  3 j  4 k  t ( i  j  k ) is
 a  b  c are linearly dependent then  =
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 1) (2014,2015,2016) 2) (2013,2015,2017)
3) (2013,2014,2017) 4) (0,0,0)
GEOMETRICALAPPLICATIONS
42. The point of intersection of the lines
34. The position vectors of A,B,C are
i  j  k , 4i  j  k , 4 i  5 j  k Then the r = a + s b + c  , r = b + t  a + c 
position vector of the circumcentre of the (where a , b , c are L.I.) is
triangle ABC is
1) 0 2) a+b 3) a+b+c 4) b+c
1
1) 3 i  2 j  k 2) (6 i  j  k) 43. The vector equation of the plane through the
2
points (1,-2,-3) and parallel to the vectors
1 1
3) (5 i  6 j  2k) 4) (9 i  7 j  3k) (2,-1,3) and (2,3,-6) is r =
2 2
1) (1  2t  2s) i  (2  t  3s) j  (3  3t  6s)k
35. The vectors AB = 3i + 4k and
2) (1  2t  2s) i  (2  t  3s) j  (3  3t  6s)k
AC = 5i - 2 j + 4k are the sides of a triangle
ABC. The length of the median through A is 3) (1  2t  2s) i  (2  t  3s) j  (3  3t  6s)k
[EAM-2011][MAINS-2013]
4) (1  2t  2s) i  (2  t  3s) j  (3  3t  6s)k
1) 72 2) 33 3) 288 4) 18

PINEGROVE 17
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

LEVEL-I (H.W)-K E Y 12. We have c   ( i  j )   ( j  k )

01) 2 02) 3 03) 2 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1
07) 1 08) 1 09) 2 10) 1 11) 3 12) 4 1 2 1

13) 1 14) 4 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 4 3 2 1  0   3
19) 1 20) 1 21) 3 22) 4 23) 3 24) 2 
   
25) 1 26) 3 27) 2 28) 1 29) 3 30) 1
31) 2 32) 2 33) 2 34) 3 35) 2 36) 3 4 5 9
37) 3 38) 2 39) 3 40) 1 41) 1 42) 3 1 9 4 0
13.
43) 1 1 2 6 2

LEVEL-I (H.W)-HINTS 14. Since, the given vectors lie in a plane,

1 a a c
1. Given, | a | 1    
|a| 1 0 1  0  c 2  ab
2. AB  3i  3 3 j , CD  2 i  2 3 j c c b
3. Two vectors are equal then corresponding
components are equal. 15. Find AB , BC , CA
a 16. AB=BC=CA=7  perimeter = 21
4. Unit vector in the direction of a = a . 17. AC  a  b , BD  b  a
18. Use GA  GB  GC  0
a b
5. Required vector = 19. 3OP  OA  2OB; 3OQ  OB  2OC
| a b|
6. A,B,C are collinear  AB   BC 3OR  OC  2OD , 3OS  OD  2OA and
1 OP  OR OQ  OS
    , x  4  6  2, y  3  6  3 
2 2
3
Therefore | xi  yj | 22  (3) 2  13 AC i  j k

20. AC  4i  4 j  4k , AC 3
7. OA  ( x , y , z ), OB  (1, z , 0), OC  (  1,  1, 0)

AB  (1  x, z  y,  z ) 21. 2| i  2x j  2k || 2i  (2x  2) j  (6x  2)k |

AC  ( 1  x ,  (1  y ),  z )  4 1  4 x 2  4  4  (2 x  2) 2  (6 x  2) 2

AB   AC  1  x    (1  x )  3x 2  2 x  1  0
z  y   (1  y ) ,  z   z 22. cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1
  0,  z  0  2 y  x  1 6 6 3
23. a , b vectors are in same direction. b and c
8.  
PQ  3 a  3b and RS  2 a  3b   are in opposite direction  a and c are in
PQ is parallel to RS opposite directions.
9. b  t  2 i  3 j  6k   b t7 24. AB  BC  B is the mid point of AC
25. Given PR  5 PQ . It mean R divides PQ
10. x1  x2 : x2  x3  y1  y2 : y2  y3
externally in the ratio 5 : 4
 z1  z2 : z2  z3
5b  4a
11. a  b  6 i  2 j  4k so that  Position vector of R   5b  4a
54
a  b  56  56   14
26. 3a  2c  5b  3a  2c  b
5

18 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

 B divides AC in the ratio 2 : 3.

27. XY plane divides AB in the ratio  z1 : z2 LEVEL - II (C.W)
9 9 POSITION VECTOR,UNIT AND
28. x1  x3 : x3  x2  2  :  1
5 5 EQUAL VECTORS
2OD  OA 1. pi  3 j  4k and q i  5 k are two vectors
29. OP  or P is the centroid
3 where p , q  0 are two scalars. Then the
2 2 2
30. cos   cos   cos   1 lengths of the vector are equal for
1 1) all values of ( p , q )
31. l 2  m 2  n 2  1 and l  , for maxima m = n 2) only finite number of values of ( p , q )
3
32. Equating the components of i , j , k 3) infinite number of values of ( p , q )
4) No value of ( p , q )
1 3 4 COLLINEAR,LIKE AND UNLIKE
 1  (  3) 5 0 VECTORS
3 1  2. If the points a  b , a  b , a  kb are
collinear, then
1 1 1
1) k has only one real value
1  2  0 2) k has two real value 3) k has all real values
33.
1 1 1 4) k has finite number of real values
3. Let f  t    t  i   t  t  j  t  1 k be a
 x1  x2 y1  y2 
34. S   , , z1 
vector. Where . is a greatest integer function.
 2 2 
AB  AC 5
35. Median AD  If f   and i   j   k are parallel vectors
2 4
36. AA '  BB '  CC '  then   ,   

OA '  OB '  OC '  OA  OB  OC   1    1 

1) (1, 1) 2)  ,2 3)  , 2  4)  , 4 
4  2  4 
37. j , k are unit vectors along Y and Z axes 4. The positions vector of three points are
j k 2a-b+3c , a-2b+xc and ya-5b where a,b,c
then unit vector bisecting OY and OZ is are non-coplanar vectors. If the three points
2
are collinear, then
a b 
r  t    9 9
38. a b  1) x  2, y  2) x  ,y2
  4 4
39. CD  b  a 9
3) x  , y  2 4) x  2, y  2
40. AD  2 BC  x  2 4
5. If r = 3p+4q and 2r = p-3q then
CF  2 BA  y  2  ( x  y ) 2  8  24
1) r , q have same direction and r <2 q
x2 y 3 z 4
41. Cartesian equation is   t
1 1 1 2) r , q have opposite direction and r >2 q

42. a  s  b  c   b  t  c  a  3) r , q have opposite direction and r <2 q

43. r  a  tb  sc 4) r , q have same direction and r >2 q

PINEGROVE 19
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

COPLANAR AND NON COPLANAR 11. The median AD of  ABC is bisected at E and
VECTORS BE is produced to meet the side AC in F. Then
6. If a , b , c are non coplanar vectors and  is a the ratio AF : FC =
1) 1 : 3 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 3 : 1
real number, then the vectors
LINEAR COMBINATION,LINEARLY
a  2b  3c , b  4c and (2  1)c are non INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
coplanar for (AIE-2004) VECTORS, DC’S & DR’S
1) all except two values of 
12. If r  3i  2 j  5k , a  2 i  j  k ,
2) all except one value of 
3) for all values of  4) no value of  b  i  3 j  2 k and c  2 i  j  3k
TRIANGLE AND PARALLELOGRAM such that r = λa +μb + vc . Then
LAW, VECTOR ADDITION
7. The value of ‘a’, for which the points A, B, C λ
1) μ, , v are in A.P.. 2) λ, μ, v are in A.P
with position vectors 2
2 i  j  k , i  3 j  5k and ai  3 j  k are 3) λ, μ, v are in H.P.. 4) λ, μ, v are in G.P..
the vertices of a right angled triangle with 13. If OA  3i  j  k , | AB | = 2 6 and AB has
 the direction ratios 1,-1,2 then |OB| =
C  are [ AIE-2006]
2 1) 35 2) 41 3) 26 4) 55
1) –2 and 1 2) 2 and –1 3) 2 and 1 4) –2 and –1
14. A vector e whose magnitude is 10 and making
SCALAR MULTIPLICATION AND
equal angles less than 900 with the
THEIR PROPERTIES
8. Let A and B be points with position vectors a coordinate axes is
and b with respect to origin O. If the point ‘C’ 1 10
1)
3
i  j  k  2)
3
i  j  k 
on OA is such that 2 AC  CO, CD is parallel
10 10
to OB and CD  3 OB then AD is 3)
3
i  j  k  4)
3
i  j  k 
a a a a GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS
1) b  2) 3b  3) b  4) b 
9 3 3 3 15. A vector a has components a1 , a 2 , a3 in a right
SECTION FORMULA,MID POINT handed rectangular cartesian coordinate
5a  4b  5c system OXYZ .The coordinate system is
9. A point C  divides the line
3 rotated about z-axis through an angle  2 .The
joining the points A and B=2a+3b-4c in the components of a in the new system are
ratio 2:1, then the position vector of A is
1) ( a1 , a 2 , a 3 ) 2) (a 2 , a1 , a 3 )
1) a+3b-4c 2) 2a-3b+ 4c
3) (a 2 , a1 , a 3 ) 4) (a 2 , a1 , a 3 )
3) 2a+3b+4c 4) a - 2 b + 3 c
10. In quadrilateral ABCD , 16. Given three vectors a  6 i  3 j , b  2 i  6 j

AB  a , BC  b , AD  b  a . If M is the mid and c  2 i  21 j such that

point of BC and N is a point on DM such that   a  b  c .Then the resolution of the
4 vector  into components with respect to
DN  DM , then AN 
5 a and b given by
1 2 3 4 1) 3a  2b 2) 3b  2a 3) 2a  3b 4) a  3b
1) AC 2) AC 3) AC 4) AC
5 5 5 5

20 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

17. If a , b , c are position vectors of vertices A, REGULAR POLYGON

B, C of  ABC . If r is position vector of a 23. If A1 A2 ...... An is a regular polygon. Then the
point P such that  b  c  c  a  a  b  r vector A1 A2  A2 A3  ...  An A1 is equal to
 b  c a  c  a b  a  b c then the point
P is
1) 0 
2) n A1 A2 
1) centroid of  ABC 2) Orthocentre of  ABC   
3) n OA1 (O is the centre ) 4)  n  1 A1 A2 
3) circumcentre of  ABC 4) incentre of  ABC VECTOR EQUATION OF A LINE
18. The position vectors of the vertices of a AND A PLANE
triangle are 3i+4j+5k,i+7k and 5 i+ 5 j 24. Line passing through the points
The distance between the 2a  3b  c , 3a  4b  2c intersects the
circumcentre and orthocentre is line passing through the points
3 a  2b  3c , a  6b  6c at P. Position vector
1) 0 2) 306 3) 2 306 4) 306
2 of P =
19. The position vectors A, B are a , b 1) 2a  b 2) a  2b 3) 3a  4b 4) a  2b
respectively. The position vector of C is 25. P is a point on the line through the point A
5a whose position vector is a and the line is
-b . Then
3 parallel to the vector b . If PA  6 , then the
1) C is outside the OAB but inside the angle OBA position vector of P is
2) C is outside the OAB but inside the angle BOA 6 6
1) a  6b 2) a  b 3) a  6b 4) b  a
3) C is outside the OAB but inside the angle COA b a
4) inside the triangle OAB
20. If (2, -1, 2) is the centroid of tetrahedron EXERCISE-II (C.W) - KEY
01) 3 02) 3 03) 2 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1
OABC and G1 is the centroid of ABC then
07) 3 08) 2 09) 4 10) 3 11) 3 12) 1
OG1  13) 1 14) 2 15) 3 16) 3 17) 4 18) 2
19) 1 20) 1 21) 3 22) 2 23) 1 24) 2
1) 4 2) 1 3) 9/2 4) 3/2 25) 2
ANGULAR BISECTORS
EXERCISE - II (C.W) - HINTS
21. If 4 i  7 j  8k , 2i  3 j  4k and
2i  5 j  7k are the position vectors of the
1. p 2  9  16  q  25  p2 q
vertices A,B and C of triangle ABC, the 2. OA  a  b , OC  a  kb
position vector of the point where the bisector
of A meets BC is OB  a  b , AB  2b
2 2 AC  ( k  1)b  k is any real number
1) ( 6i  8 j  6k ) 2) (6i  8 j  6k )
3 3 5 1
3. f    i  j  2k
1 4 4
3) (6i  13 j  18k ) 4) 2(i  j  k )
3 4. AB   a  b  ( x  3)c
22. Let A (4,7,8) B (2,3,4) and C (2,5,7) be the
position vectors of the vertices of a  ABC. AC  ( y  2) a  4b  3c
Then the length of internal angular bisector of y  2 4 3
angle A is Now,    y  2, x  9 / 4
1 1 x  3
3 2 1 1
1) 34 2) 34 3) 34 4) 34 5. Eliminate p and compare p and 2 q .
2 3 2 3

21
P INEGROVE
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

0 0 2  1 s
At the common point F, 1  s   0 and
6. 0  4  0  (2  1) 0    0 4
1 2 3 s 4 1
t  s  and t  putting the value of t in
4 3 3
1 1
   0,   , Vectors are coplanar for values (1), AF  AC  AF : FC  1: 2
2 3
1 12. r = λa + μb + vc
of   0, , Vectors are non coplanar for all
2 Compare like vectors, μ = 1, v = 2, λ = 3 .
except two values of  .
λ
7. AB 2  BC 2  CA2 Hence , μ, , v are in A.P..
2
 1  4  36  (a  1) 2  36  ( a  2) 2  4

13. AB  AB . D.C.s of AB 
 41  2a 2  6a  45  2a 2  6a  4  0
 2 6 t 6 t 2
 a 2  3a  2  0
14. | e | 10 and     
 ( a  1) ( a  2)  0  a  1, 2 15. Use transformation of axes
1 a 16.   a  b  c  6 i  12 j
8. AC  AO   , CD  3OB  3b
3 3
let   xa  yb . Then
a
AD  3b  6 x  2 y  6 and  3 x  6 y  12
3
BC a+ CA b+ AB c
OA  2OB
9. OC  17. r =
3 BC + CA + AB
10. Let point A be taken as origin . Then the position 18. Origin is the circumcentre and the orthocentre is
a + b + c = 9 i + 9 j +12k
vectors of B,C and D are a , a  b and b  a
 The distance between circumcentre and
respectively .
orthocentre is a + b + c .
a b a b
P.V. of M  a 19. Follow synopsis
2 2
20. Let G (2, 1, 2)  OG  1  4  4
 DN : NM  4 :1
| OG ' | 3  1
 b
4 a    b  a 21. D ; BC  AB : AC
2 3
P.V . of N    a b   22. AB  6, AC  3 , D divides BC the ratio 2:1
5 5
23. Let O be the centre.
3
AN  AC A1 Ai1  OAi1  OAi
5
n 1 n 1
11. Take ‘A’ as origin and let AB  b and AC  c
AA   OAi 1  OAi   0
i 1
1 i 1
i 1
 
b c b c
D  ,E , the equation of the line 24. On verification a  2b common point to both the
2 4 lines.
AC is r  t c .... (1) and the equation of the line 25. Equation of line r  a  tb
b c  6
BE is r  (1  s )b  s   ........(2) PA  6  r  a  6  tb  6  t  
 4  b

22 P INEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

EXERCISE - II (H.W) 7. Let A=2i+4j-k ; B=4i+5j+k . If the centroid

POSITION VECTOR,UNIT AND G of the triangle ABC is 3i+5j-k then the
EQUAL VECTORS position vector of C is
1. Let us define, the length of a vector as 1) 3i-6j+3k 2) 3i-6j-3k
a  b  c . This definition coincides with the 3) 3i-6j+2k 4) 3i+6j-3k
usual definition of the length of a vector
8. a and b are non collinear vectors .
ai  bj  ck if
1) a  b  c  0 2) Any one of a, b, c is zero u  xa  2 yb , v  2 ya  3 xb and
3) any two of a, b, c are zero 4) a  b  c  0 w  4a  2b , are vectors such that
COLLINEAR,LIKE AND UNLIKE 2u  v  w . Then
VECTORS 4 6 10 4
2. P,Q and R are three points with position 1) x  ,y 2) x  ,y
7 7 7 7
vectors i  j , i  j and ai  bj  ck
respectively. If P,Q and R are collinear, 8 2
then 3) x  ,y 4) x  6, y  4
7 7
1) a = b = c = 0
9. A point collinear with (1,-2,-3) and (2,0,0)
2) a = 1, b, c are any real numbers
3) a = b = c = 1 among the following is
4) a =1 , c = 0 and b is any real number 1) (0,4,6) 2) (0,-4,-5) 3) (0,-4,-6) 4) (0,-4,6)
3. If 10i+3j , 12i-5j and λi+11j are the SECTION FORMULA,MID POINT
position vectors of three collinear points. Then 10. In the OAB, M is the mid point of AB, C is a
 is point on OM, such that 2OC  CM . X is a
1) 4 2) 8 3)12 4) 22
4. Let a=(1,1,-1), b=(5,-3,-3) and c=(3,-1,2). If r point on the side OB such that OX  2 XB . The
line XC is produced to meet OA in Y. Then
a b
is collinear with c and has length , OY
2 =
then r equals YA

3 2 1 2 3 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
1)  3 c 2)  c 3) c 4)  c 3 7 2 5
2 3 11. In triangle ABC, D and E are points on BC
5. The vectors 2i + 3j, 5i + 6j and 8i + λ j have and AC respectively such that BD  2 DC and
their initial point at 1,1 .The value of λ so that
AE  3EC . Let P be the point of
the vectors terminate on one straight line is intersection of AD and BE then BP/PE =
1) 3 2) 6 3) 9 4) 12
9 3 8 8
COPLANAR AND NON COPLANAR 1) 2) 3) 4)
VECTORS 8 8 3 9
6. If a is a non-zero scalar, then the vectors LINEAR COMBINATION,LINEARLY
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
  ai  2aj  3ak , p  (2a  1) i
VECOTORS,DC’S & DR’S:
 (2a  3) j  (a  1)k and 12. If r  3i  2 j  5k , a  2i  j  k ,
r  (3a  5) i  (a  5) j  (a  2)k are
b  i  3 j  2k and c  2i  j  3k such
1) coplanar if a < 0 2) coplanar if a > 0
3) always coplanar 4) never coplanar that r  la  mb  nc , then l-m-n =
1) 0 2) 2 3) 3 4) -2

23
P INEGROVE
 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

13. If a  i  j  k, b  4 i  3j  4k 19. The position vectors of A,B are a , b

c  i   j   k are linearly dependent respectively and the position vector of C is
a b
vectors and c  3 then  .Then
2 3
1)   1,   1 2)   1,   1 1) C is inside the OAB
3)   1,   1 4)   1,   1 2) C is outside the OAB but inside the angle AOB
14. x-component of a is twice its y-component. 3) C is outside the OAB but inside the angle OAB
If the magnitude of the vector is 5 2 and it 4) can not be said
makes an angle of 1350 with z-axis then the
20. In a trapezium ABCD, BC   AD and
vector is
1) 2 3, 3,  3  2) 2 6 , 6 ,  6  x  AC  BD . If x  p AD then p 
1)   1 2)   1
3)  2 5, 5,  5 4)  6 , 6 ,  6 
3) 1   4) 2   1
GEOMETRICAL APPLICATIONS:
ANGULAR BISECTORS
15. A2  a2 cos   a3 sin   8,
21. Taking ‘O’ as origin the position vectors of A,B
A3   a2 sin   a3 cos   4 with respect to are i  3 j  2k ,3i  j  2k The vector
rectangular coordinate system OXYZ, the
components of vector a  (2, 4,8) . The OC is bisecting the angle AOB and ‘C’ is a
 point on line AB then OC is
system is rotated through an angle of about
2 1) 4( i  j  k ) 2) 2(i  j  k )
X-axis. The components of a in the new
system are 3) ( i  j  k ) 4) 6( i  j  k )
1) (2, 8, 4) 2) (2, 8, -4) 3) (2, -8, 4) 4) (2, -8, -4) 22. If the vertices of a  ABC are A = (1,-1,-3),
16. A vector a has components 2p and 1 with B = (2,1, -2) and C = (-5, 2,-6), then the length
respect to a rectangular cartesian coordinate of the internal bisector of angle A is
system. This system is rotated through a
certain angle about the origin in the counter 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10
1) 2) 3) 4)
clock - wise sense. If, with respect to the new 2 5 7 4
system, a has components p + 1 and 1 then REGULAR POLYGON
1) p  0 2) p  0 or p  1/ 3 23. If ABCDE is a regular pentagon and
3) p  1 or p  1/ 2 4) p  1 or p  1 /3
AB  AE  BC  DC  ED  (  1) ( AC )
17. If a , b , c , d are the position vectors of four
then  
points A, B, C, D in a plane such that
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
a  d  b  d  c  d then the point D is the VECTOR EQUATION OF LINE AND PLANE
... of ABC 24. P, Q, R and S are four points with the
1) centroid 2) circumcentre position vectors 3i  4 j  5k , 4k ,
3) orthocentre 4) incentre
4 i  5 j  k and 3i  4 j  3k
18. If p is the position vector of the orthocentre
and g is the position vector of the centroid of respectively. Then the line PQ meets the
the triangle ABC when circumcentre is the line RS at the point [EAM-2013]
origin if p   g then  
1) 3i  4 j  3k 2) 3i  4 j  3k
1 2
1) 3 2) 2 3) 4) 3)  i  4 j  k 4) i  j  k
3 3

24 P INEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

25. A line passes through the points whose 2

OX  b equation of CX is
position vectors are i  j  2k and 3
i  3 j  k . The position vector of a point on 2 t
r  1  t  b   a  b  ..... (1)
it at unit distance from the first point is 3 6
1 1 equation of the line OA is r  sa ..... (2)
1)
5
 5i  j  7k  2)
5
 4i  9 j  15k 
t 2 t
1 From (1) and (2) s  and   0 ,
6 3 2
3) ( i  4 j  3k ) 4) ( i  4 j  3k )
5
4 2 2 OY 2
EXERCISE - II (H.W)-KEY t  or s  , OY  a ,  
3 9 9 YA 7
01) 3 02) 4 03) 2 04) 3 05) 3 06) 4
07) 4 08) 2 09) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 1 11. Let a , b , c , d and e be the position vectors of
13) 4 14) 3 15) 2 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 A,B,C,D and E points respectively.
19) 1 20) 2 21) 2 22) 4 23) 3 24) 2 25) 1
3d  2c  b .......(i), 4e  a  3b ....(ii)
EXERCISE - II (H.W)-HINTS From (i) & (ii) , we get
9d  2a  6c  3b  2a  8e  3b  P.V of P..
1. a 2  b 2  c 2  a  b  c is possible only
BP 8 AP 9
when any two of them are zero Then  , 
PE 3 PD 2
2. AB  2 j , AC  ( a  1) i  (b  1) j  ck and
12. 3 i  2 j  5k  l  2 i  j  k  
AB  t AC
m  i  3 j  2k   n  2 i  j  3k 
 11 1
find l , m, n
10 3 1  0
3.
12  5 1 1 1 1
2 2
4 3 4  0;     2
13.
4. We have, r  c ,Given | a  b | 2 |  || c 1  

2 3 1 14. Let a  2 xi  xj  zk
5 6 1 =0
5. 5x 2  z 2  5 2
8 λ 1
z z 1
Also cos1350   
2 2
a 2a 3a 5x  z 5 2 2
(2a  1) 2a  3 a  1  0  z  5 x 5
6.
3a  5 a  5 a  2
Required vector  2 5 i  5 j  5k
7. C=3G-A-B
15. Use transformation of axes
8. 2( xa  2 yb)  ( 2 ya  3 xb)  4a  2b 2
16. 4 p2  1   p  1 1
2 x  2 y  4  x  y  2 , 4 y  3 x  2
9. let P(x,y,z) be collinear with the given points. AD  BD  CD
17.
1  x 2  y  3  z
Then x  2  y  z D is equidistant from the points A, B, C
18. Centroid G divides line joining orthocentre and
a b circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1
10. OA  a , OB  b ,  OM 
2 5a  3b 5a  3b
1 19. OC    OP  say 
 OC   a  b  3 2
6
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 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

Then C lies internally in OP where P is a point 1 1 1 1 1 1

which divides AB in the ratio 3 : 5 externally 1)      2)     
1 2 3 1 2 3
20. AC  BD  x  p AD
1 1 1 1 1 1
 b   d    d  b   pd  p   1 3)      4)     
1 2 3 1 2 3

21. C ; AB  OA : OB 4. The value of  so that the points P, Q, R, S on

the sides OA, OB, OC and AB of a regular
22. D ; BC  AB : AC
OP 1
23. AB  AE  BC  DC  ED tetrahedron are coplanar when  ;
OA 3
  
 AB  BC  AE  ED  DC  OQ 1 OR 1
 ,  and
OS
  is
x 3 y  4 z 5 OB 2 OC 3 AB
24. Eq. of the line PQ is   t
0 3 0  4 4 5 1
1)   2)   1 3)   0 4)  2
x4 y  5 z 1 2
Eq. of RS is   s
3  4 4  5 3  1 5. If DA  a ; AB  b and CB  ka where k > 0
and X, Y are the midpoints of DB and AC
AB
25. OP  r  OA 
AB respectively such that a  17 and XY  4 ,
then k =
EXERCISE - III 8 9 11 4
1) 2) 3) 4)
17 17 17 17
1. A unit tangent vector at t = 2 on the curve 6. ‘O’ is the origin in the Cartesian plane. From
the origin ‘O’ take point A in the North-East
x  t 2  2; y  4t  5; z  2t 2  6t is
direction such that O A =5, B is a point in the
1 1
1)
3
i  j  k  2)  2 i  2 j  k 
3 North-West direction such that OB  5 . Then
1 1
3)
6
 2i  j  k  4)
3
i  j  k  OA  OB is

1) 25 2) 5 2 3) 10 5 4) 5
2. The vectors a  x   cos xi  sin xj ,
7. Let O be the origin of the coordinate system
b  x   xi  sin xj are collinear for : in the Cartesian plane, OP and OR be
 vectors making angles 45 0 and 135 0
1) Unique value of x such that 0  x 
6 respectively with the positive directions of the
  X-axis (i.e., in the counter clock wise).
2) Unique value of x such that x Rectangle OPQR is completed and M is the
6 3
3) No value of x midpoint of PQ. If the line OM meets the
 diagonal PR at T, and OP  3, OR  4, then
4) Infinitely many values of x in 0  x 
2
3. Let a line cut the sides PQ,PS and diagonal OT is
PR of a parallelogram at Q1 , S1 and 1 2
1)  i  j  2) i  5 j 
2 3
R1 respectively such that
PQ1  1PQ, PR1  3 PR and 2 2
PS1  2 PS , 3)
3
i  5 j  4)
3
i  5 j 
then

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

8. If b is the vector whose initial point divides along AO , where O is the circumcentre of
the joining 5i and 5 j in the ratio  : 1 and triangle ABC is

terminal point is at origin. If b  37 then   

1) 1  3 i  1  3 j 2)  3i  2 j
 3) i  3 j 4) i  2 j
 1  14. Vectors a  4 i  3k; b  14 i  2 j  5k aree
1) (  ,  6]    ,  
 6  laid off from one [Link] d ,which is being
 1  laid off from the same point dividing theagle
2) (  ,  3)    4 ,  
  between vectors a and b in equal halves and
1   1 having the magnitude 6 ,is
3) (, 0)   ,   4)  6,  
2   6 1) i  j  2k 2) i  j  2k
9. Let AC be an arc of a circle , subtending a
right angle at the centre O. The point B 3) i  j  2k 4) 2 i  j  2k
divides the arc AC in the ratio 1:2 If OA  a 15. 3 forces are applied to a vertex of a cube which
are 1, 2 and 3 in magnitude and are directed
and OB  b , then OC in terms of a and along the diagonals of the faces of the cube
b is meeting in that vertex. The magnitude of the
resultant of these forces is
1) b  3 a 2) 2b  a 3) 2b  3 a 4) b  a 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
10. In ΔOAB , E is the mid point of AB and F is a 16. A man starts at the origin of the coordinate
point on OA such that OF  2FA . If C is the axes and walks a distance of 3 units in the
point of intersection of OE and BF, then find North-East direction and then walks distance
the ratios OC : CE and BC : CF are of 4 units in the North-West direction to reach
1) 1: 4; 3: 2 2) 4 :1; 3: 2 the point P. Then OP equals

3) 4 :1; 1: 2 4) 4 :1; 2 : 3 1 i j
1)  i  j  2)
11. ABCD is a parallelogram and P is a point on 2 2
the segment AD dividing it internally in the i j 1
ratio 3:1 the line BP meets the diagonal AC 3) 4)  i  7 j 
2 2
in Q. Then the ratio AQ:QC is 17. ABCDEF be a regular hexagon in the xy plane
1) 3:4 2) 4:3 3) 3:2 4) 2:3
and AB  4 i . Then CD 
12. In ABC , P, Q, R are points on
B C , C A , A B respectively, dividing them in the 1) 6 i  2 3 j 
2) 2  i  3 j 
ratio 1:4, 3:2 and 3 : 7. The point S divides
AB in the ratio 1:3. 
3) 2 i  3 j  4) 2  i  3j 
18. OABCDE is a regular hexagon of side 2 units
AP  BQ  CR in the xy-plane O being the origin and OA
Then 
CS taken along the x-axis. A point P is taken on a
line parallel to z-axis through the centre of
1 2 5 7 hexagon at a distance of 3 units from O. The
1) 2) 3) 4) vector AP is
5 5 2 10
13. In a triangle ABC, if 1)  i  3 j  5k 2) i  3 j  5k
A  (0, 0); B  (3,3 3); C  ( 3 3,3) then
3) i  3 j  5k 4)  i  3 j  5k
the vector of magnitude 2 2 units directed

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 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

19. The triangle ABC is defined by the vertices cosx sinx

A = (0,7,10), B = (-1,6,6) and C = (-4,9,6) let D 2. For collinearity, =
x sinx
be the foot of the altitude from B to the side
 cos x  x
AC . Then BD is
now, draw the graphs of y  cos x and y  x ,
1) i  2 j  2k 2) i  2 j  2k then observe
3) i  2 j  2 k 4) i  2 j  2k 3. PR  PQ  PS ( parallelogram law)
20. The equation to the altitude of the triangle
PR1 PQ1 PS1
formed by (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3), (2, -1, 1) through  
(1, 1, 1) is 3 1 2
1) r   i  j  k   t  i  3 j  2k  Since Q1 , R1 and S1 points are collinear,,
2) r   i  j  k   t  3i  j  2k  
1 1 1
  0
1 1 1
 
3 1 2 3 1 2
3) r   i  j  k   t  i  j  2k 
4. OA  a , OB  b , OC  c
4) r  5
21. Image of the point P with position vector 1
AB  b  a , OP  3 a
7i  j  2k in the line whose vector equation
1 1
OQ  b , OR  c

is r  9i  5 j  5k   i  3 j  5k  has the 2 3
position vector  P, Q, R, S are coplanar points
1) 9 i  5 j  2k 2) 9i  5 j  2k  PQ, PR, PS are coplanar
3) 9i  5 j  2k 4) 9i  5 j  2k  PS   PQ  PR

22. If A 2i  j 3k  , B 4i  j  k  , C i 3 j  2k  1 1  1 1 
 OS  OP    b  a     c  a 
2 3  3 3 
and D  i  j  2k  then the vector equation
1 a  
of the plane parallel to ABC and passing  OS  a        b  c
3 3 2 3
through the centroid of the tetrahedron ABCD
is But OS  AB   b  a 

1) r   2 i  j  k   s  2 i  2 j  2k  t  i  k  a  
 
 b  a = 1       b  c
3 2 2
2) r   2 i  j  3k   s  i  j  k   t  i  k 
1  2 
3) r   2 i  j  k   s  i  j  k   t  i  2 j  5k    0,   ,     1
3 2
4) r   2 i  j  k   s  i  j  k   t  i  2 j  5k 
(1  k )a 9
EXERCISE - III - KEY 5. XY   XY  4  k 
2 17
01) 2 02) 2 03) 2 04) 2 05) 2 06) 2
07) 4 08) 1 09) 3 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2 6. BA 2  OA 2  OB 2  25  25  50
13) 1 14) 1 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1
Then OA  OB  5 2
19) 2 20) 3 21) 2 22) 3
    3
EXERCISE - III - HINTS 7. OP   3cos  i   3sin  j 
4 4
i  j 
  2
1. r   t 2  2  i   4t  5  j   2t 2  6t  k
 3   3  4
OR  4cos  i  4sin  j  i  j 
dr  4  4 2
 find
dt

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

 2 2 i  j  Now 3
11. Take AB  b and AD  d so that AP  d
4
1
OP  PQ  OP  OR   i  7 j  and AC  b  d . Equation of the line BP is
2
3 
3 1 r  1 t  b  t  d  and the equation of the
 i  j   i  7 j   4 
 OM  2 2
2 line AC is r  s b  d 
2 i  10 j i 5 j Equating the coefficients of b , d
 
2 2 2
3t 4 3
1 t  s   4  7 t or t  and s 
2 4 7 7
Now PT : TR  1: 2  OT  i  5 j 
3 3
 AQ 
7
 b  d  and hence
5 i  5 j
8. b and b  37
 1 AQ : QC  3 : 4

 1  OC  4OB 3OA  2OC

12. OP  , OQ  ,
6 1   6  0    ( ,  6]   ,   5 5
 6 
3OB  7OA OB  3OA
OR  , OS 
10 4
A
B
AP  BQ  CR  OP  OA 
9. 30°
OQ  OB  OR  OC
60°
3OA  OB  4OC 4OS  4OC 2
O C    CS
10 10 5
Given that OA, OB and OC are coplanar , then 13. Right angled triangle.
OB can be written as the linear combination of (3  3 3) (3 3  3)
AO  i  j
two non-colinear vectors OA and OC . Let 2 2
OC and OA be taken a long x and y axes 3

2
(1  3) i  (1  3) j 
respectively , and OA  OB  OB  r
Vector of magnitude 2 2 units along
where r be the radius, then we can write
AO  (1  3) i  (1  3) j
OC OA
OB  r  cos 60   r  cos 30  14. a  A vector V bisecting the angle between
OC OA
2i  2 j  4k
1 3 a andb is V  a  b 
b  OC  a  OC  2b  3a 15
2 2
Required vector = 6 v
O
15. Let the diagonals of the faces of the cube are
2
i  j, j k, k  i
F
i j  j k  k i 
10. 1 Now  2   3  5
2  2   2 
A 1 E 1 B 16. Let O Q  3, Q P  4, Q R  4

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 ADDITION OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

3 4
 OQ   i  j  , QP   - i + j  , EXERCISE - IV
2 2
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE
P Note :
4 a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct
Q
explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not a
3
correct explanation of A
45°
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
1
 OP  OQ  QP 
2
 i  7 j  1. Assertion (A): If a , b are collinear and c is
a non zero vector then a , b , c are coplanar..
17. Take A as origin then AB  4i Reason(R): Two vectors are always coplanar.
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d
AC  6 i  6 3 j and AD  AC  CD
2. Observe the following statements
18. Let O ' be the centre of the hexagon Assertion (A): Three vectors are coplanar if
Let M be the mid point of OA one of them is expressible as a linear
OM = 1, MO '  3 and O ' P  9  4  5 combination of other two
Reason(R): Any three coplanar vectors are
OP  i  3 j  5k and AP   i  3 j  5k linearly dependent then which of the
19. B divides AC in the ratio BA : BC following is true
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d
20. LetA , A 1,1,1 , B 1, 2,3 , C  2, 1,1 3. Assertion (A): If a = i+ j+ k ,
Then AB  AC  5 b=4i+3j+4k ,
3 1  c=i+αj+βk are linearly dependent and c
Midpoint of BC is D   , , 2  and
2 2  = 3 then   1,   1
i j 1 Reason(R): For coplanar vectors every
AD  BC , AD    k   i  j  2k 
2 2 2 vector can be expressed as linear
combination of other.
Equation of AD is
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d
r   i  j  k   t  i  j  2k  4. Assertion (A): If vectors a and c are non
collinear then the lines
21. Let (x, y, z) is image of (7, –1, 2) w.r.t. the given
r  6a  c   (2c  a ) ,
[Link] ( x  7)1  ( y  1)3  ( z  2)5  0
... (1) r  ( a  c )   ( a  3c ) are coplanar..
Reason(R): There exist  and  such that
x  11 y  11 z  8
the two values of r become same.
and 2  2  2 ....... (2) 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d
1 3 5
5. Assertion (A): If a , b , c are non coplanar then
Solving (1) and (2)  ( x, y, z )  (9, 5, 2)
5a  6b  7c , 7a  8b  9c , 3a  20b  5c are
22. Centroid 2 i  j  k , AB  2 i  2 j  2k , coplanar.
AC    i  2 j  5k  Reason (R): The system of equations
Equation of plane is 5 x1  7 x2  3x3  0 , 6 x1  8 x2  20 x3  0 ,

r   2i  j  k   s  i  j  k   t  i  2 j  5k  7 x1  9 x2  5 x3  0 has non zero solutions.

1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV ADDITION OF VECTORS

6. Statement-1: If EXERCISE - IV-KEY

   
r  3i  j  k  t 2i  j  2k be a line, then 01) 1
07) 3
02) 2 03) 1 04) 1 05) 2 06) 3
08) 1 09) 3
the point on the line such that its magnitude
15 units from the point (3, 1, -1) is EXERCISE - IV-HINTS
13i  4 j  9k  . 1. If a , c are coplanar then b also lie on the same
Statement-2: The vector equation of the plane plane.
passing through (0, 0, 0), (0, 5, 0) and (2, 0, 1) 2. Both A and R are true,
 
is r  5t j  s 2i  k , s, t  R
1 1 1
1)only I 2)only II 3)Both I and II 4)Neither I nor II 4 3 4  0, 1   2   2  3
7. Statement-1: If OABC is a parallelogram and 3.
1  
OA  a , OC  c then the equation of the side
4. compare the coefficients of a and c . Find 
BC is r  c  ta , t  R
Statement-2: Vector equation of the median and  .
through A of triangle ABC with a , b, c aree 5 7 3
respectively position vector of the vertices A, 6 8 20  0
5. In both cases
B, C is r  1  t  a  t
b  c  . 7 9 5
2
Which of the above statements is/are true. 6. A = (3, 1, -1) and OP  r
1)only I 2)only II 3)Both I and II 4)Neither I nor II
8. If D,E,F are the midpoints of sides BC, CA, AP  t  2 i  j  2k  , AP  15  t  5
AB of triangle ABC and G is the centroid then
match the following
1) AD  BE  CF a) CB   
and the point P = 3i  j  k  5 2i  j  2k 
2) GA  GB b) 3OG for II, the equation of the plane passing through
3) AB  CA c) O origin, b & c is r  tb  sc
2 7. For I, the line BC parallel to OA and passing
4) OD  OE  OF d)  ( AD  BE )
3
through C  c  . For II, The median passing
e) 3OE
1) c,d,a,b 2) d,b,a,c 3) c,d,e,a 4) b,c,e,a bc
9. In ABC , D, E , F are midpoints of the sides through A  a  &
2
BC, CA and AB respectively. ‘O’ is the
circumcentre ‘G’ is the centroid. ‘H’ is the OC  OB OA  OC
orthocentre and P is any point. 8. OD  , OE 
2 2
Match the following
1) PA  PB  PC a) O OB  OA OA  OB  OC
OF  , OG 
2 3

2) GA+GB+PC b) OH 9. Let P  0 ,
2 1
3) AD  BE  CF c) PD  PE  PF OC  OB OA  OC
3 2 OD  , OE 
2 2
1
4) OA  OB  OC d) AC
2 OB  OA
1) a, b, c, d 2) c, a, b, d 3) c, a, d, b 4) a, b, d, c OF 
2
31
P INEGROVE
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

DOT OR SCALAR PRODUCT OF VECTORS

 If a and b are parallel and are in the opposite
SYNOPSIS direction ( a , b are unlike vectors ) then
a.b   a b
 Let a and b be two nonzero vectors and  be
the angle between them, then the scalar product or  Let a , b are two unit vectors and a.b  cos 
dot product of a and b denoted by a . b is defined  If a , b are any two vectors, then a . b  0 either
as a . b  a b cos  a  0 (or) b  0 (or) a  b . However if a , b are
a.b two non-zero perpendicular vectors, then a .b  0
 If ( a , b )=  , then cos  
a b  Geometrical interpretation of scalar
product :
 Let i , j , k be unit orthogonal vectors i.e
Let a and b be two vectors represented by

i  j  k  1 and  i , j   j , k  k , i   , OA and OB respectively . Let  be the angle
2
between OA and OB . Draw
then i . i = j . j = k . k = 1
BL  OA and AM  OB . From triangle OBL
i . j = j .k = k. i = 0
and OAM, We have OL  OB cos and
j . i = k. j = i .k = 0
OM  OA cos  . Here OL and OM are known
 If a  a1 i  a2 j  a3 k, b  b1 i  b2 j  b3 k Then
as projections of b on a and a on b .
(i) a.b  a1b1  a 2 b 2  a 3b3
2
a .b  a b cos   a  OB cos    a  OL 
(ii) a.a  a12  a 2 2  a 32 (iii) a.a  a
= (magnitude of a ) (projection of b on a )
 Let a = a1 i +a2 j +a3 k , b = b1 i +b2 j +b3 k
and let ( a , b )=  then again a .b  a b cos   b  a cos  

a1b1  a 2 b2  a 3 b3  b  OA cos    b  OM 
cos  
2 2 2 2 2 2
a1  a 2  a 3 b1  b2  b3 = (magnitude of b ) (projection of a on b )
 Let ( a , b )=  , then
B
(i) θ  90  a.b  0 (ii)   900  a.b  0
(iii)   90 0  a .b  0 ( a is perpendicular to b )
M
W.E-1: If a  i   j  2k and
b  8 i  6 j  k are perpendicular then  is b

Sol: Let a  i   j  2k and


b  8 i  6 j  k Since, a , b are at right O A
a L
angles, a .b  0
 Let a and b be two nonzero vectors. Then
 ( i   j  2k ).(8i  6 j  k )  0
Component vector of b on a (or) orthogonal
 8  6  2  0    1
 If a and b are parallel and are in the same direction (b.a)a
projection of b on a is 2
( a , b are like vectors ) then a.b  a b a

32 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

WE-2: Orthogonal projection of  The length of the orthogonal projection of a on b

b = 2i  3 j  6k on a  i  2 j  2k is
(a.b)
Sol: Orthogonal projection is b
[( 2 i  3 j  6 k ). ( i  2 j  2 k )]( i  2 j  2 k )
 2
i  2 j  2k WE-5: The length of orthogonal projection of
a  2 i  3 j  k on b  4 i  4 j  7k is
(2  6  12) 8
 ( i  2 j  2k )  ( i  2 j  2k ) Sol: The length of the orthogonal projection of a
9 9
 Component vector of a on b (or) orthogonal (a.b) 8  12  7 27
on b is b   3
(a.b)b 16  16  49 9
projection of a on b is b 2  The scalar product is commutative i.e., a . b = b . a
 The scalar product is distributive over vector
WE-3: If a  2 i  j  2k , b  5i  3 j  k addition i.e., a .( b + c ) = a . b + a . c , ( b + c ). a
then orthogonal projection of a on b is = b.a +c.a
(a.b)b
   l a  .b  a .  l b   l  a .b  where l is a scalar
Sol: Orthogonal projection of a on b is b
2

 a .a  0; a .b  a b ; a  b  a  b
(10  3  2) (5 i  3 j  k ) 9(5 i  3 j  k )
  a b  a  b
25  9  1 35
 The orthogonal projection of b in the direction  Cauchy schwartz in equality : Let
a1 , a2 , a3 and b1 , b2 , b3 be real numbers. Then
(b.a)a
perpendicular to that of a is b 
a
2
 a1b1  a2b2  a3b3 2 
WE-4: The orthogonal projection of
a 2
1  
 a22  a32 b12  b22  b32 and equality
b  3i  2 j  5k on a vector perpendicular to
a1 a2 a3
a  2 i  j  2k is holds If b  b  b
1 2 3
Sol: Orthogonal projection of b on a
2 2 2
 a  b  a  b  2a.b
 3i  2 j  5k 
2 2 2
(3i  2 j  5k ).(2 i  j  2k )  a  b  a  b  2a.b
(2 i  j  2k )
4 1 4 2 2 2 2
 a  b  c  a  b  c  2(a.b  b.c  c.a)
6  2  10
 3 i  2 j  5k  (2 i  j  2k )
9  Let l1 , m1 , n1 be the direction cosines of a and let
2 l 2 , m2 , n2 be the direction cosines of b and let
 (3i  2 j  5k )  (2 i  j  2k )
3 (a, b)   then Cos  l1l2  m1m2  n1n2
13i  4 j  11k  The vector equation to the plane which is at a

3 distance of p units from the origin and n̂ is a unit
 The length of the orthogonal projection of b on a vector perpendicular to the plane is r . nˆ  p
 If the origin lies on the plane then its equation is
(a.b)
is a r .n  0

PINEGROVE 33
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 The vector equation of a plane passing through the the point A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and perpendicular to the
point A  a  and perpendicular to the vector n is vector m  ai  bj  ck is
 r  a  .n  0 a( x  x1 )  b( y  y1 )  c( z  z1 )  0 .
W.E-6 : The vector equation of the plane passing  The equation of the plane passing through the point
through the point  3, 2,1 and A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and whose normal has d.r.s a,b,c is

perpendicular to the vector  4,7, 4  is a( x  x1 )  b( y  y1 )  c( z  z1 )  0 .

 Angle between any two diagonals of a cube is
 
Sol. r   3i  2 j  k  .  4 i  7 j  4k   0 cos 1 (1/ 3) .
 Angle between a diagonal of a cube and a diagonal
 r .  4 i  7 j  4k   of a face of the cube which are passes through the

 3i  2 j  k  .  4 i  7 j  4k  same corner is cos 1 2 / 3 .

 12  14  4
 Angle between a diagonal of a cube and edge of a
 r .  4 i  7 j  4 k   6  1 
cube is cos1  
 In a parallelogram, if its diagonals are equal then it  3
is a rectangle. Angle between a line and a plane :
 In a parallelogram, the sum of the squares of the  i) The angle between a line and a plane is the
diagonals is equal to the sum of the squares of the complement of the angle between the line and
sides. normal to the plane. If  is the anlge between a
 If F be the force and s be the displacement
line r  a  tb and a plane r .m  d then
inclined at an angle  with the direction of the force,
b .m
then work done F .S cos  900     sin  
b m .
 If a constant force F acting on a particle displaces
WE-7: The angle between the line
it from A to B, then work done, W  F . AB
r  ( i  3 j  3k )  t (2i  3 j  6k )
 If F is the resultant of the forces F1 , F2 ......Fn
and the plane r .( i  j  k )  5 is
then work done in displacing the particle from A to
(2 i  3 j  6 k ).(  i  j  k )

B is W  F1  F2  ....  Fn . AB  Sol: sin  
2 i  3 j  6k  i  j  k

 If a number of forces are acting on a particle, the
sum of the work done by the seperate forces is 2  3  6 1  1 
equal to the work done by the resultant force.     sin 1  
4  9  36 1  1  1 3  3
 A line makes angles  ,  ,  ,  , with the four
 If  is the angle between the line
2 2
diagonals of a cube then cos   cos  
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
2 2   and the plane
cos   cos   4 / 3 l m n
 If r is any vector then ax  by  cz  d  0
r  (r . i ) i  (r . j ) j  (r .k )k . al  bm  cn
then i) sin  
 If a , b are two vectors then a  b2  c2 l 2  m2  n2
2

i) a .a  0 ii) a . b  | a || b | ii) If the line is perpendicular to the plane then

l m n
iii) a  b  a  b iv) a  b  a  b   .
a b c
 The cartesian equation of the plane passing through iii) If the line is parallel to the plane then
al  bm  cn  0
34 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

 The perpendicular distance of the plane r .n  a .n . 6. If a , b, c are three non-zero vectors then
a .n a .b = a .c implies that
from the origin is n
1) a is orthogonal to ( b+c )
 Angle between the planes 2) a is orthogonal to both b and c
n1.n2 3) b=c+a
r .n1  p1 , r .n2  p2 , then Cos 
n1 n2
4) a is orthogonal to  b-c  (or) b  c
WE-8: Angle between the planes 7. Equality holds in the triangle inequality
r .(2 i  j  k )  3 and r .( i  j  2 k )  4 is
a+b  a + b if
Sol: Let a  2 i  j  k and
1) a  mb 2) a  mb ,m>0
b  i  j  2k
3) a  mb ,m<0 4) ( a ,b )  90 0
If  is the angle between the planes then
8. The vector equation a.b  a.c need not always
a.b
cos   cos (a , b )   imply
a b
1) a  0 2) b  c
2 1  2 3 1
     60
4 11 11 4 6 2

3) a  b  c  4) All the above
9. Let a and b be two nonzero [Link]
C.U.Q (a.b ) 2 is
1. If a  b  a  b then the angle between the 2 2 2 2 2
1)  a b 2)  a 2 b 3)  a 2 b 4)  a b
vectors a,b is
1) Acute Angle 2) Obtuse Angle 10. If a , b , c are mutually perpendicular and r
3) Right Angle 4) 450
 r .a 
2. R  r  is any point on the semi-circle P p is any vector, then   a 
 a .a 
and Q q  are the position vectors of diameter 1) r 2) a 3) b 4) c
11. The equation of the plane passing through the
of that semicircle. Then [Link] is equal to point with position vector a and perpendicular
1) 1 2) 0 3) 3 4) Not defined to b is (EAM-1990)
3. The non-zero vectors a , b , c are related by 1) r .( a × b ) = 0 2) r = a × b
a  8b and c  7b , then the angle between 3) r = b × a 4) (r  a ). b  0
a & c is (AIE-2008) 12. The angle between the straight lines
  r  a  tu , r  a  sv is  then
1) 0 2) 3) 4) 
4 2 u.v u.v
4. 0 0
If (a, b)  0 or 180 then a, b are 1) sin  = u v 2) cos  = u v
1) Perpendicular 2) Parallel 3) cos  = u .v 4) sin  = u .v
3) Parallel and are in the same direction
4) Parallel and are in the opposite direction 13. If a  b  c and a  b  c then the angle
5. If a .b   a b then the vectors a and b are between a and b
1) Like vectors 2) Unlike vectors   
3) Equal vectors 4) Perpendicular vectors 1) 0° 2) 3) 4)
6 3 2

PINEGROVE 35
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

C.U.Q- KEY 3. Given two vectors a  2i  3 j  6k ,

01) 2 02) 2 03) 4 04) 2 05) 2 06) 4
07) 2 08) 4 09) 3 10) 1 11) 4 12) 2 13) 1 b  2i  2 j  k and
C.U.Q - HINTS the projection of a on b
1. squaring and expand  , then the value of
the projection of b on a
2. Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
3. since a & c have opposite direction ( a , c )   .  is
4. Definition of parallel vectors 3 7
1) 2) 7 3) 3 4)
5. cos   1    180 7 3
4. If the vector OP in XY plane whose magnitude
6. a .b  a .c  0  a .  b  c   0
is 3 makes an angle 600 with Y-axis, the
7.  a, b   0  vector inequality concept length of the component of the vector in
a  mb, m  0 direction of X-axis is
8. a .b  a .c then (1) a  0 (2) b  c (3) a  b , c 1) 1 2) 3 3) 1/2 4) 3/2
the three results may be true or may not be true. 5. If a = 4 i +6 j and b = 3 j +4 k , then the
2 2 2
9. a.b  a b   a.b   a b vector form of the component of a along b is

10. r    r .aˆ  aˆ 18(3i  4 k ) 18(3 j  4 k )

1) 2)
10 3 25
11. Vector equation of plane passing through a and
perpendicular b is  r  a  .b  0 or r .b  a .b 18(3i  4 k ) (3 j  4 k )
3) 4)
13 25
u .v
12. cos  u v of the lines passing through a and 6. If p   2,1,3 , q   2,3,1 , r   3, 2, 4  and
parallel to u , v . j is the unit vector in the direction of
13. a  b  c Squaring on both sides y  axis, then  2 p  3q  4r  . j 
1) 18 2) 19 3) 20 4) 21
EXERCISE - I (C.W) 7. The projection of the vector a  4i  3 j  2k on
SCALAR (OR) DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS the vector making equal angles (acute) with
GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION coordinate axes and having magnitude 3 is
ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION
1) 3 2) 3 3) 2 3 4) 1
1. If a = i +2 j + k , b = 2 j + k - i , then component
8. The sum of the length of projections of
of a perpendicular to b is
pi  qj  rk on the coordinate axes, where
5 2 1 5 1
1) i  j k 2) i 2j  k p  2, q  3 and r  1 is
2 3 2 3 3
1) 6 2) 5 3) 4 4) 3
5i  2 j  k 9. Let P = (1,0,-1) Q = (-1,2,0) R = (2,0,-3) S=(3,-
3) 4) i + j + k
3 2,-1), then the length of the component of RS
2. The orthogonal projection of a =2 i +3 j +3 k on PQ is
1) 1/3 2) 2/3 3) 4/3 4) 5/3
on b = i -2 j + k (where i . j . k are unit vectors
along three mutually perpendicular directions 10. The vectors a , b , c are of the same length and
) is (EAM-1996) taken pair wise, they form equal angles. If
i  2 j  k i  2 j  k a  i  j and b  j  k then the components
1) 2) 6 of c are
6
3) i  2 j  k 4)  i  2 j  k 1) (1, 0, 1) 2) (1, 2, 3) 3) (–1, 1, 2) 4) (–1, 4, 1)

36 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

PROPERTIES OF DOT PRODUCT 20. Let a  3 and b  4 . The value of '  ' for
11. If a is collinear with b  3i  6 j  6k and
which the vectors a  b and a   b are
a .b  27 . Then a is equal to perpendicular is...

1) 3 i  j  k  2) i  3 j  3k 3 2 3 2
1) 2) 3)  4) 
3) i  2 j  2k 4) 2i  2 j  2k 4 3 4 3
12. Let a and b be two unit vectors and  be the 21. If a, b, c, d are the vertices of a square then
2 2
angle between them then a+b - a-b = 1) b  a  c  b 2) a  b  c

1) cos 2) 2 cos 3) 3 cos 4) 4 cos 3) (c  a ).( d  b)  0 4) a  b  0

13. The vector x which is perpendicular to 22. If a  b is perpendicular to b and a  2b is
(2,-3,1) and (1,-2,3) and which satisfies the perpendicular to a then.
condition x .( i +2 j -7k)=10
1) a = b 2) a = 2 b
1) 3 i +5 j + k 2) 7 i -5 j + k
3) 3 i -5 j + k 4) 7 i +5 j + k 3) b = 2 a 4) a = b 3

14. A = 4i+5 j+6k, B = 5i+6 j+4k 23. (a - d ).(b - c )  (b - d ).(c - a )  (c - d ).(a - b) 

C  6i  4 j  5k are the vertices of 1) 0 (null vector) 2) 0 3) a.b+c.d 4) a.c+b.d

1) Scalen triangle 2) Equilateral triangle 24. If a , b, c are unit vectors, then
3) Right angled triangle 4) Isosceles triangle 2 2 2
15. If  is acute angle and the vector a b  bc  c a does not exceed
(sin  )i  (cos  ) j is perpendicular to the 1) 4 2) 9 3) 8 4) 6
25. Dot product of a vector with vectors
vector i  3 j then  = (EAM-2000)
3i  5k , 2 i  7 j and i  j  k are
   
1) 2) 3) 4) respectively 1, 6 and 5. The vector is
6 5 4 3
16. a , b , c are three vectors, such that 1) 3i  j  2k 2) 3i  2k
a  b  c  0, a  1, b  2, c  3 ,then 3) 3i  2k 4) i  j  k
2 26. The vector b which is collinear with the
 a .b  b .c  c .a 
is equal to
vector a   2,1, 1 and satisfies the relation
1) – 7 2) 49 3) 7 4) 1
17. If A.(B+C) = B.(C+A) = C.(A+B) = 0 and a .b  3 is ...
A  3, B  4 and C  5 then A  B  C   1 1   2 1 1 
1)  1, 2 , 2  2)  , , 
  3 3 3 
1) 5 2) 5 2 3) 5 / 2 4) 2
 1 1 1 
18. If a  3, b  4 and a - b  5 3)  , ,  4) 1,1, 0 
2 4 4 
then a + b  (EAM 1994) 27. If two adjacent sides of a square are
1) 6 2) 5 3) 4 4) 3 represented by the vectors x i+ j+ 4 k and
2 2
19. If a  1, b  2, a  b  a  2b  20 , 3i+y j then xy=
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) –3
then  a , b   28. ABCD is a rhombus. If AC = i +(1+  ) j +
   2 (  -2) k and BD = (2  -1) i + j  k , then  =
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 4 6 3 1) 1 2) –1 3) 2 4) –2

PINEGROVE 37
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

29. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, 38. If a and b are unit vectors inclined to
then the magnitude of their difference is
1) 3 2) 3 3) 13 4) 7 x-axis at angle 30 0 and 1200, then a  b
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS equals
30. If | a || b || a  b |, then the angle between 1) 2 / 3 2) 2 3) 3 4) 2
a and b is 39. If AB = -i-2j-6k, BC = 2i- j+k , AC = i-3j-5k .Then
   2 B 
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 2 3 3  40   6 
1 1
31. If a and b are two unit vectors and  be the 1) Cos  41  2) Cos  41 
     
angle between them, then sin   =
2
1  6  1  62 
1 1 3) Cos   4) Cos  
1) a - b 2) a + b 3) a -b 4) a +b  41   63 
2 2
40. If v and w are two mutually perpendicular
32. If a and b are unit vectors and  is the angle
between them ,then a-b will be a unit vector if unit vectors and u  av  bw , where a and b
 = (EAM-1997) are non zero real numbers, then the angle
between u and w is
   
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 3 6 2 1  b  1  a 
1) cos  2 2  2) cos  2 2 
33. If a = pi+3j-7k ,b = pi-pj+4k and if the angle  a b   a b 
between a and b is acute , then the values of p
lies in 3) cos 1  b  4) cos 1  a 
1) P< 4 or p>7 2) (-7,4) 41. The value of a, for which the points A,B, C
3) P  4orp  7 4) [-7,4] with position vectors 2 i  j  k , i  3 j  5k
34. If a+b+c = 0, a = 3 , b = 5 and c =7 then the and ai  3 j  k respectively are the vertices
angle between a and b is of a right angled triangle with C   / 2 are
1) 30° 2) 45° 3) 60° 4) 90° (AIE-2006)
35. If a , b , c are three unit vectors such that 1) -2 or 1 2) 2 or -1 3) 2 or 1 4) -2 or -1
42. The points O, A, B, C, D are such that
a  b  c  1 and a  b . If c makes angles
OA  a , OB  b , OC  2a  3b
 ,  with a,b respectively, then
cos   cos  is equal to and OD  a  2b . If a  3 b , then the angle
3 3 between BD and AC is
1) 2) 1 3) 1 4)
2 2 1)  2)  /2 3)  /3 4)  /6
36. If AB =(3,-2,2), BC =(-1,0-2) are the adjacent 43. If a =(-1,1,2); b =(2,1,-1); c =(-2,1,3) then the
sides of a parallelogram, then the obtuse angle
between its diagonals is angle between 2a  c and a  b is
 3 1)  /4 2)  /3 3)  /6 4) 3  /2
1) 2)  / 2 3)  / 3 4) VECTOR EQUATION OF A PLANE
4 4
NORMAL FORM
37. If a , b , c are three mutually perpendicular
44. The cartesian equation of the plane
vectors such that a b c then perpendicular to vector 3i-2 j-2k and passing
a  b  c , a   through the point 2i+3j-k is
1) 3x+2y+2z=2 2) 3x-2y+2z=2
 1  1  1  1  1  2 
1) 2) cos   3) cos   4) cos   3) 3x+2y-2z=2 4) 3x-2y-2z=2
3  3  3 3

38 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

45. The perpendicular distance from origin to the EXERCISE - I (C.W)-HINTS

plane 3x - 2y - 2z = 2 is
1) 1 / 17 2) 2 / 17 3) 3 / 17 4) 4 / 17 a
 a .b  b
1. 2
46. The vector equation of the plane which is b
perpendicular to 2i-3j+k and at a distance of
5 units from the origin is (EAM-1991)  a .b  b
1) r.(2i-3j+k) = 5 14 2) r.(2i-3j+k) =5 2. Orthogonal projection of a on b  2
b
(2i  3j  k) r.(2i  3j  k)
3) r. 4) a .b
14 14
ANGLE BETWEEN THE PLANES |b | |a |
 
47. The angle between planes 3. b .a | b |
r.(2i-3j+4k)+11=0 and r.(3i-2 j-3k)+27 =0 is |a |
1)  / 6 2)  / 3 3)  / 4 4)  / 2
4. 3 cos  900  600 
APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR
PRODUCT IN MECHANICS TO  a .b  b
FIND THE WORK DONE 5. 2
48. A particle is acted upon by constant forces b
4i  j  3k and 3i  j  k which displace it 6. 2 p  3q  4r  14 i  19 j  7 k
from a point i  2 j  3k to the point
3i  j  k 
5i  4 j  k . The work done in standard units .a
7. 3  3
by the forces is given by (AIE-2004)
i  j k
1) 40 2) 30 3) 25 4) 15
LOCUS 8. Use p  q  r
49. The locus of the point equidistant from two
given points a and b is given by RS .PQ
9. PQ
1) [r-1/2 (a + b)].(a - b ) = 0
2) [r-1/2 (a - b )].(a + b ) = 0 10. a  2, b  2 , 1,0,1  1  0 1  2
3) [r-1/2 (a + b)].(a + b) = 0
11. a  xi  y j  zk and a.b  27 .
4) [r-1/2 (a- b )].(a - b ) = 0 2 2 2

50. If the vectors i-2x j-3yk and i+3x j-2yk are 12. a  b  a  b  2a.b
orthogonal to each other,then the locus of the
point (x,y) is 
13. x  xi  y j  zk and x. i  2 j  7 k  10 
1) Circle 2) Ellipse
3) Hyperbola 4) Pair of lines 14. find a , b , c
EXERCISE - I (C.W)-KEY
01) 3 02) 1 03) 4 04) 4 05) 2 06) 2 15.  sin  1  cos    3 0
07) 2 08) 1 09) 3 10) 1 11) 3 12) 4 sin 
13) 4 14) 2 15) 4 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2   3    60o
19) 4 20) 3 21) 3 22) 2 23) 2 24) 2 cos 
25) 2
31) 3
26) 1
32) 2
27) 4
33) 1
28) 2
34) 3
29) 2 30) 3
35) 3 36) 4
16. a b c  0 1 4 9 2 ab
. b.c c.c  0  
37) 3 38) 2 39) 2 40) 1 41) 3 42) 2  a.b  b .c  c .a  7
43) 3 44) 4 45) 2 46) 1 47) 4 48) 1
49) 1 50) 3 17. 2  A.B  B.C  C . A   0

PINEGROVE 39
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

2 2
A  B  C  9  16  25 a 1
 2

3a 3
2
18. a  b  a  b  2 a  b
2
 2 2

38. Clearly, a and b are at right angles
1
19. On expanding a .b  1, cos  a , b    2 2 2
2  a  b  a  b  2 a b cos 90

 a , b   23 2
 a  b  1 1 0  2  a  b  2
2 2
20. Use a   2 b B C .B A
39. c o s  
21. Diagonals are Perpendicular [Link]  0 BC BA

22.  a  b  .b  0 and  a  2b  .a  0 simplify 40. u .   a  v .   b  .   b

23. a .b  a .c  d .b  d .c  b .c  b b
 cos   
b .a  d .c  d .a  c .a  c .b  d .a  d .b  0 u  a  b2
2

2 3 41. [Link]  0
24. a  b  c  0  a .b  b .c  c .a  
2
2 2 2 BD. AC
Now, a  b  b  c  c  a  9 42. Use cos   BD AC
25. Check the dot product from options.
26. Check from options that b   a and a .b  3 43. 2a  c   0,1,1 , a  b  1, 2,1
27. dot product = 0
28. 2 1
[Link]  0 then cos  
2 6
 cos1  
3 / 2 ,   300
29. use | a  b |  | a  b |  2 | a |  | b | 
2 2 2 2

44. Use  r  a  .b  0
30. | a  b |2 | a |2  | b |2 2 | a || b | cos 
| a |2 | a |2  | b |2 2 | a || b | cos  d
45. Distance =
1 0
a2  b2  c2
 | b |  2 | a || b | cos  , cos      60
2
2 46. a  2i  3 j  k ; p  5  plane equation
 1
31. sin  a  b a
2 2 r. p
a
2
32. a  b  1  a  b  1
m1.m2
33. a .b  0 47.  cos 
m1 m2
34. a  b  c  0  a  b  c
S.O.B.S and expand 48. F  F1  F2 and W.E. = F . d
2 2 2 2 49. The locus of a point which is equidistant from the
35. a  b  c  a  b  c  2 a.b  b .c  c .a 
given two points is the perpendicular bisector of
[Link] the line segment joining the two points i.e.,
36. Find AC & BD  cos  
AC BD [Link]  0 ( M is mid point)
50. a .b  0
 a  b  c  .a
37. cos  a  b  c , a  
a b c a
6 x 2  6 y 2  1, hyperbola

40 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

EXERCISE - I (H.W) 9. Let a  i  j  3k and b  3i  5 j  6k .

Then the magnitude of the projection of
SCALAR (OR) DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS 2a  b on a  b is
GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION 22 22 22
11 2
ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION 1) 2) 3) 4)
133 10 10 5
1. If a= 2i+ j+2k and b = 5i-3 j+k , then the
10. a , b , c are three vectors such that
projection of b/2 on a is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3/2 4) 4 a  1, b  2, c  3, and b,c are
2. If a  2i  3 j and b  3 j  4k . Then the prependicular to each other . If the projection
vector form of the component of a along b is of b along a is same as that of c along a

1)

9 3 j  4k  2)

9 3 j  4k  then a  b  c is equal to

10 3 25 1) 2 2) 7 3) 14 4) 14
11. The vector component of
3)

9 3 j  4k  4) 3 j  4k a  2 i  3 j  2k perpendicular to the
13
direction of b  i  2 j  k is
3. If a  2i  j  k , b  i  5 j , c  4i  4 j  2k
1 1
then the length of the projection of 1)
3
i  j  k  2)
3
i  j  k 
 3a  2b  in the direction of c 1 1
1) 3 2) –3 3) 33 4) –33 3)
3
i  j  k  4)
3
 i  j  k 
5
4. The angle between a and b is and the 12. If a  2 i  j  k , b  i  5 j ,
6
6 c  4 i  4 j  2k then the length of the
projection of a on b is then a 
3 projection of  3a  2b  in the direction of c
3 (1) 3 (2) 3 (3) 33 (4) 33
1) 6 2) 3) 12 4) 4 PROPERTIES OF DOT PRODUCT
2
5. The component of ai  b j  ck on the Y–axis 13. In ABC , A  a , B  b , C  c . If P  r  is any
is point in the plane of ABC such that
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) 0
6. The components of a vector on the co-ordinate b .c  a .r  c .a  b .r  a .b  c .r then P is of
axes are 2,1,2. Then the length of the vector ABC .
is 1) In-Center 2) Circum Center
(1) 3 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 5 3) Ortho Center 4) Centroid
7. A vector has 3 units length and equal 14. If two out of the 3 vectors a , b, c are unit
components then the vector is
vectors , a bc  0 and
(1) i  j  k (2) 2 ( i  j  k )
(3) 3 ( i  j  k ) (4) 5 ( i  j  k ) 2( a.b  b.c  c.a)  3  0 then the length of the
8. The length of the orthogonal projection of a third vector is
1) 3 2) 2 3)1 4) 0
vector i  2 j  k on vector 4i  4 j  7 k is
15. If a , b, c are unit vectors such that

1)
19
2) 3)

19 19 4i  4 j  7k
4)
19  a  b  c  0 then a. b  b.c  c .a 
6 7 9 9
1) 3/2 2) –3/2 3) 2 a b c  4) 0

PINEGROVE 41
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

16. If the scalar product of the vector i+j+k with 26. If a and b are two vectors of lengths 2 and 1
the unit vector parallel to the sum of the
respectively and a  b  3 then  a , b  
vectors 2i+4j-5k and xi+2j+3k is equal to 1
then x =    
1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 6 4 3 2
17. If r = (x + y + 2 )i + (2 x -y + 3 ) j+ (x + 2 y + 7 ) k  
27. The angle between 8 i  k and i  j  k is
where r.i = 3, r.j = 5 then r .k =
1) 4 2) 6 3) 9 4) 8    1  1 
1) 2) 3) 4) cos  
18. If ABCD is a parallelogram and 4 3 2  3
2 2 28. Angle between the vectors
AC  BD  K AB .(Orthogonal projection
of AD on AB ) then K= a   i  2 j  k and b  xi  j  ( x  1)k
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 1) Obtuse angle 2) Acute angle
3) Right angle 4) Depends on x
19. If the vectors ai  2 j  k , 2ai  a j  4k are
29. If a and  are non-zero and different vectors
adjacent sides of a rectangle, then the values
of ‘a’ are such that        then the angle
1) 1,2 2) 1, 2 3) 1,–2 4) 2,–2
 between  and  is
20. If a  b  1, a  b  7, a  4, then b     
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 4 2 6
4) 5 30. The acute angles made by the line joining the
21. If a.i = a.(i+ j) =a.(i+ j+k) then a = (EAM-2002) points 1, 3, 2  and  3, 5,1 with the
1) i 2) j 3) k 4) i+ j+k coordinate axes are
22. The vector b which is collinear with the vector 1 2 1 2
1 1
1) cos   , cos   , cos  
a   2, 1,2 and satisfies the relation a.b 18 3  3   3  
is 1 3 1 2
1 2
2) cos   , cos   , cos  
1)  4, 2, 4  2)  2,1,  1  2  3   3  
1  1 1   3 1   1
3)  1, 1, 1  4) 1,1, 0  3) cos  3  , cos  2  , cos  3 
     
23. If a , b, c are orthogonal and r.a  2 then 1 2 1 3
1 1
4) cos   , cos   , cos  
 
r  r .b b   r .c  c  3
  2
  3
1) 2a 2) 2a 3) a 4) a 31. If the angle between the vectors  x,3, 7  and
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS
 x,  x, 4  is obtuse, the domain of ‘x’ is
24. If a and b are two unit vectors inclined at an
1)  4,7  2)  4, 7 3) R   4, 7  4) R   4, 7 
angle  to each other ,then a  b  1 if
32. If a , b, c are three vectors such that a  b  c
   2
1)   2)   3)   4)    
6 2 3 3 and the angle between b and c is , then
25. Let e1 , e2 be unit vectors which include angle 2

1 (here a  a , b  b , c  c )
 . If 2 e1 e2  sin  k  , then k equal to
1) a 2  b 2  c 2 2) b 2  c 2  a 2
1 1 3) c 2  a 2  b 2 4) 2a 2  b 2  c 2
1) 2 2) 1 3) 4)
2 2

42 PINEGROVE
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

33. If the position vectors of A,B and C are

40. Angle between a and b is 1200 . If b  2 a
respectively 2i  j  k , i  3 j  5k and
2
and the vectors a  xb , a  b are at right
3i  4 j  4k then cos A  angles , then x is equal to
6 35 1 1 2 2
1) 0 2) 3) 4) 1 2) 1) 3) 4)
41 41 3 5 5 3
34. If a  i  2 j  3k and b  3i  j  2k then the 41. Let A(2, 3, 0) B (2, 1,1) C (0,1, 4) be the
vertices of ABC . Then angle between the
angle between the vectors a  b and  
median BD and the base AC is

a  b is (1) 30 (2) 45 (3) 60 (4) 90
VECTOR EQUATION OF A PLANE
   
1) 2) 3) 4) NORMAL FORM
4 3 2 6
42. The cartesian equation of the plane passing
_
35. If the angle between a and b is 120 0 through the point  3, 2,1 and perpendicular
_ _ _ _ to vector 4 i  7 j  4 k is
a  3 and b  5 , then a  b is equals to
1) 4 x  7 y  4 z  6  0 2) 4 x  7 y  4 z  6  0
1) 6 2) 7 3) 9 4) 5 3) 4 x  7 y  4 z  6  0 4) 4 x  7 y  4 z  6  0
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. The perpendicular distance from origin to the
36. If a  2 i  2 j  k and b  6 i  3 j  2 k then plane 3 x  4 y  5 z  3 is
_
the angle between a and b is 3 3 3
1) 2) 3 3) 4)
5 4 2 5 2
1 1  1  4  1
5 7 
1) cos 2) 3) cos  21  4) cos   44. The perpenducular distance from origin to the
3 3    21 
plane 3 x  4 y  5 z  25 is
37. If e1 and e2 are unit vectors and the vectors
3 3 5
e1  2e2 , 5e1  4e2 are at right angles, than the (1) (2) 3 (3) (4)
5 4 2 2
angle between e1 and e2 is ANGLE BETWEEN THE PLANES
1) 300 2) 600 3) 450 4) 750 45. Angle between the planes 2 x  y  2 z  3,
38. If a , b , c are unit vectors satisfying the 3 x  6 y  2 z  4 is
relation a  b  3c  0 , then the angle
1   4 1  4 
between a and b is 1) cos  21 2) cos  
   441 
   
1) 2) 3) 4) 1  4  1  4 
6 4 3 2 3) sin   4) sin  
 21   441 
39. The angle between the vectors
46. Angle between the plance x  y  z  3 ,
a  6 i  2 j  3k and b  2 i  9 j  6k
x  y  z  4 is
is
1 1 1 4
1  2  1  7  (1) cos (2) cos
1) cos   2) cos   3 41
3  12 
1 4 1 4
 12 
1 11 (3) sin (4) sin
3) cos   4) cos   27 41
 77   3

PINEGROVE 43
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

47. If the vectors i  2 xj  3 yk and

 ai  b j  ck  . j  b
i  2 xj  3 yk are perpendicular then the 5.
j
.
locus of ( x, y ) is :
(1) A circle (2) An ellipes 6. a 2  b2  c2  4  1  4  3
(3) A parabola (4) A hyperbola
APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR 3 i  j  k 
7.
PRODUCT IN MECHANICS TO 3
FIND THE WORK DONE
a.b
48. The force F  3i  j  k acts on a particle and 8. .
b
it moves from the point A 2i  j to   9. a  b  4 i  6 j  9k , 2a  b  i  3 j
 
B 2i  j . The work done by the force F =
 2a  b  .  a  b   4  18  22
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
49. The work done by force F  ai  j  k in  2a  b  .  a  b  22
 
moving a particle from (1,1,1) to (2, 2, 2) along a b 133
a stright line is 5 units. Then a 
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4   a .b  
EXERCISE - I (H.W)-KEY 10. The projection of b along a 
 2
a

 a 
01) 3 02) 2 03) 1 04) 4 05) 2 06) 1
07) 3 08) 4 09) 1 10) 3 11) 2 12) 1 11. Component of a perpendicular to the direction of
13) 3 14) 3 15) 2 16) 2 17) 4 18) 4
19) 2 20) 3 21) 1 22) 1 23) 1 24) 4 a a
 a .b  b
2
25) 3 26) 3 27) 3 28) 1 29) 3 30) 1 b
31) 1 32) 1 33) 3 34) 3 35) 2 36) 3
37) 2 38) 3 39) 3 40) 3 41) 2 42) 2  3a  2b  .c
43) 4 44) 4 45) 1 46) 1 47) 4 48) 2 12. 3
49) 3 c

EXERCISE - I (H.W)-HINTS 13. Here r .  a  b   c .  a  b   r  c

b .a perpendicular to a  b  CP Perpendicular to
1. 2a
AB. Similarly AP Perpendicular to
 a.b  b AB  CP and AP are altitudes  ' P ' 
2. 2 . Ortho Center of ABC.
b
2 2
14. a  b  c  0  1  1  c  3  0  c 1
 3a  2b  .c  3 15. a  b  c  0
2

3. .
c 2
2 2
a b c 
 3
a b   2  a .b  b .c  c .a   0
a.b 6  2  6
4.     a  4.
b 3 b 3   2  x  i  6 j  2k 
16.  i  j  k  .  2  x  i  6 j  2k  1

44 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

r .i  3.... 1   cos  

a .b

4
17.  Solving (1) & (2). a b 21
r . j  5....  2  
18. Use orthogonal projection formula. 37.  e1  2e2  .  5e1  4e2   0
19. Dot product = 0.
 5  8  6cos 
2
20. a  b  a  b  2 a  b
2
 2 2
 where,    e1 , e2   cos  
1
   600
2
 1  49  2 16  b  2
2 b 2
 18  b  3 .
38. a  b   3 c  (a  b) 2  3c 2
21. Let a  xi  yj  zk then x  1, y  0, z  0 1
 1  1  2(a.b)  3  cos   0
so a  i 2    60
22. Check from options that b   a and a.b  3 . a.b
39. cos   a b
     
23. Use r  r.a a  r.b b  r.c c .
2 2
24. | a  b | 1 squaring on both sides. 40. a.b  2 a cos1200   a
26. Expand.
2
a.b ( a  xb).( a  b)  0  x 
cos   5
27. a b
 BD. AC 
 1 
a .b 41.   cos  BD AC 
28. cos  
| a || b |  

29. Here  perpendicular    ,   
2
42.  r  a  .b  0
    x  3 i   y  2  j   z  1 k  .
   ,      
2 2
 
30. Find cos AB, i , cos AB, j , cos AB, k .      4i  7 j  4k   0 .
31.  x,3, 7  .  x,  x, 4   0 . d
43. Distance  .
2 2 a2  b2  c2
32. a  b  c  a 2  b 2  c 2  2b.c
d
a  b  c  b.c  0  .
2 2 2 44. Distance  .
a2  b2  c2
AB. AC a1a2  b1b2  c1c2
33. cos A  . 45. cos   .
AB AC a  b12  c12 a22  b22  c22
2
1

 
34. Check a  b . a  b  0 (or) check a  b .  46. cos  
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2
.
2 2 2
a12  b12  c12 a22  b22  c22
36. a  b  a  b  2  a .b   34  15  49
47. Take a . b  0
Therefore, a  b  7
48. W  [Link]
36. a .b  12  6  2  4 a  3, b  7 49. Work done = 5  F .S  5  a  3

PINEGROVE 45
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

7. The perpendicular distance of a corner of unit

EXERCISE - II (C.W) cube from a diagonal not passing through it is
1) 2 / 3 2) 2/3 3) 1/3 4) 1
VECTORS GEOMETRICAL 8. If A, B are two points on the curve y  x 2 in
INTERPRETATION
the xoy plane satisfying OA.i  1 and
ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION
1. If a = 2i+ j+2k ,b = 5i-3j+k , then the length of the OB.i  2 then the length of the vector
component vector of b perpendicular to a is 2OA  3OB is
1) 13 2) 26 3) 18 4) 20 1) 14 2) 2 51 3) 3 41 4) 2 41
2. A Parallelogram is constructed with a and b 9. a & b are two non-collinear vectors then the
as adjacent sides such that | a | a and | b | b. 2
 a b 
The vector which coincides with the altitude value of  2  2  is equal to
of the parallelogram and is perpendicular to | a | |b| 
the vector a is. 2 3
a b  a b   a b  2
 a .b  a  a .b  b 1)
ab
2) 
 ab 
 3) 
 ab 
 4) a  b 
1) b  2) a 
a2 b2
10. Let u  i  j , v  i  j and w  i  2 j  3k . If

3) a 
 a .b  b 4) b 
 a .b  a n is a unit vector such that u . n  0 and
2
a b2
v . n  0 , then w . n  (AIE-2003)
3. If a , b , c are position vectors of the non- 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 0
collinear points A, B, C respectively, the th th th
11. If a, b, c are the p , q , r terms of an HP and
shortest distance of A from BC is
1) a .  b  c  2) b .  c  a  u   q  r  i   r  p j   p  q k

  a  b . c  b
2 i j k
2   v   then
3) b  a 4) b a 
 c b  a b c
 
PROPERTIES OF DOT PRODUCT 1) u , v are parallel vectors
4. If a and b are non-collinear unit vectors and 2) u , v are orthogonal vectors
3) u .v  1 4) u  v  i  j  k
a  b  3 then  2a  5b  .  3a  b  
12. If a parallelogram is constructed on the vectors
15 15 a  3 p  q , b  p  3q and
1) 2) 3) 15 4) 16
4 2
p  q  2 and angle between p and q is
5. If a, b and c are perpendicular to b  c , c  a

and a  b respectively and if a  b  6 , , then the ratio of the lengths of the sides
3
is
b  c  8 and c  a  10 , then a  b  c is
1) 7 : 13 2) 6 : 2 3) 3 : 5 4) 1: 2
equal to
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS
1) 5 2 2) 50 3) 10 2 4) 10
13. If a=2m+n,b=m-2n , Angle between the unit
6. If b=4i+3j and c are two vectors perpendicular
vectors m and n is 60 0 . a,b are the sides of a
to each other in the XY plane ,the vector in parallelogram ,then the lengths of the
the same plane having components 1, 2 along diagonals are
b and c respectively is
1) 7 , 5 2) 13 , 5 3) 7 , 13 4) 11, 13
1) (-2i+11j)/5 2) (2i+11j)/5 3) (-2i-11j)/5 4) (2i-11j)/5

46 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

14. In a right angled ABC. the hypotenuse EXERCISE - II (C.W) - KEY

AB = p then [Link]+[Link]+[Link] is 01) 2 02) 1 03) 4 04) 2 05) 4 06) 1
1) 2 p 2 2) p 2 / 2 3) p 2 4) 0 07) 1 08) 4 09) 2 10) 3 11) 2 12) 1
13) 3 14) 3 15) 2 16) 4 17) 3 18) 2
15. The triangle ABC is defined by the vertices
19) 1 20) 2
A   0, 7,10  , B   1, 6, 6  and C   4,9,6 .
EXERCISE - II (C.W) - HINTS
Let D be the foot of the altitude from B to the
side AC Then DB 
b
 a .b  a
1. 2
1) i  2 j  2k 2) i  2 j  2k a
3) i  2 j  2k 4) i  2 j  2k 2. Required vector = Component vector of b
VECTOR EQUTION OF A PLANE-  b .a  a
NORMAL FORM perpendicular to a  b 
| a |2
16. A plane is at a distance of 8 units from the A
origin and is perpendicular to the vector
2i  j  2k then the equation of the plane is

  
1) r. 2i  j  2k  8 2) r. i  2 j  2k  24  3.

3) r.  2i  2 j  k   24 4) r.  2i  j  2k   24 B M C

17. The angle between the planes passing through [Link]

BM 
the points A(0, 0, 0), B(1, 1, 1) , C(3, 2, 1) BC , AM  AB 2  BM 2
& the planes passing through A(0, 0,
0),B(1, 1, 1), D(3, 1, 2) is 1
4. a  b  3  a .b 
1) 900 2) 450 3) 1200 4) 300 2
15
APPLICATION OF SCALAR Find  2a  5b  .  3a  b  
2
PRODUCTS IN MECHANICS TO 2 2 2
FIND THE WORK DONE 5. a  b  b  c  c  a  200
18. The point of application of the force (-2,4,7)
is displaced from the point (3,-5,1) to the point  2
2 a  b  c
2 2
  200a.b b.c c.a  0
(5,9,7) .But the force is suddenly halved when
the point of application moves half the a  b  c  100  10
[Link] work done by the force is 6. Let d  xi  yj , and c  3i  4 j
1) 70 2) 70.5 3) 75 4) 75.5
19. If forces of magnitudes 6 and 7 units acting in d .b d .c
 1  4 x  3 y  5, 2
b c
the directions i  2 j  2k and 2 i  3 j  6k
respectively act on a particle which is  3 x  4 y  10
displaced from the point Solve these two equations.
P (2, 1, 3) to Q (5, 1,1) , then the work done 7. The perpendicular distance of a corner of unit cube
by the forces is 2
1) 4 units 2) -4 units 3) 7 units 4) -7 units from a diagonal not passing through it is .
3
20. A constant force 3i  4 j  5k acts on a 8. Let A  x1 , y1  & B  x2 , y2  lie on the parabola so
particle at i  2 j  2k and moves it to a point that OA  i  j , OB  2 i  4 j
on the z-axis which is 3 units from origin, the
10. Let n  a1 i  a2 j  a3 k
work done is
1) 16 2) -16 3) 14 4) -14  u . n  0  a1  a2  0 v . n  0  a1  a2  0

PINEGROVE 47
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 a1  0, a2  0 Also, a3  1 ( n is a unit vector) 2. If a  3i  j  2k and b  i  2 j  3k then a

 w. n  w n  3. unit vector in the direction of the resultant of
1 1 1 c b orthogonal projection of b on a and the
11. Use  A  P 1 D &q  r    etc
a b c bc projection of b on a line perpendicular to a
12. Find a  9 p 2  q 2  6 pq cos60o  2 7 ; is
i  2 j  3k 2i  j  3k
b  p 2  9q 2  6 pq cos 60o  2 13 1) 2)
14 14
13. Length of the diagonals are a  b , a  b 3i  j  2k i  3 j  2k
14. AB. AC  [Link]  [Link] 3) 4)
14 14
expand and simplify.
3. The projection of the vector i  j  k on the
15. Check from options that [Link]  0
line whose vectro equation is
  2i  j  2k 
16. r.n  p  r.  8 r  (3  t ) i  (2t  1) j  3tk , t being the
 3  scalar parameter, is

 r. 2i  j  2k  24  (1)
1
(2) 6 (3)
6
(4) 10
17. Plane through ABC is  x  2 y  z  0 14 14
plnae through ABD is x  y  2 z  0 PROPERTIES OF DOT PRODUCT
n1  i  2 j  k , n2  i  j  2k 4. Let u , v , w be such that u 1, v  2, w  3.
n1 .n 2 1
   600
If the projection of v along u is equal to that
cos    o r  1 2 0 0
n1 n 2 2 of w along u and v , w are perpendicular to
d F d each other, then u  v  w equals
18. F .  .
2 2 2 1) 2 2) 3) 14 4) 14
7
19. F  F1  F2  (4, 7, 2), d  AB  (3, 0, 4)
5. If a  b  c  0, then a .a  b.b  2a .b  c .c 
W .D.  F . d  4
20. W  F . AB 
1) 2 b.c  c .a  2) 0

  3i  4 j  5k   3k  ( i  2 j  2k )  3) Null vector 
4) 2 b.c  c .a 
  3i  4 j  5k  .   i  2 j  k  = -16. 6. The length of longer diagonal of the
parallelogram constructed on 5a  2b and
EXERCISE - II (H.W)
a  3b if it is given a  2 2; b  3, and
VECTORS GEOMETRICAL  a , b    / 4 is
INTERPRETATION
1) 15 2) 113 3) 593 4) 395
ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION
7. If a , b , c are three vectors such that each is
1. The vector component of i  j  k
inclined at an angle  / 3 with the other two
perpendicular to the vector 2i  j  2k is
and a  1, b  2, c  3 then the scalar
i4jk i  4 j  3k
1) 2) product of the vectors 2a  3b  5c and
3 4
4a  6b 10c is
1 1) 188 2) –334 3) –522 4) –514
3) i  j  k 4) 0
2
48 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS 16. If a  2b  3c  4 then the least value of

8. If a , b, c are three mutually perpendicular a 2  b2  c2
vectors of equal magnitudes then the vector 2 3 5 8
equally inclined to a , b, c 1) 2) 3) 4)
7 7 7 7
i  j k 17. Angle between a & b is 1200 . If b  2 a and
1) 2) a  b  c
3
the vectors a  xb, a  b are right angles. Then
a b c a bc x is equal to
3) 4)
3 3 1 1 2 2
9. If the position vectors of A,B,C,D are 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 5 5 3
respectively
18. If a= i+j+k and b=i-j then the vectors
 6,1, 6  6, 2,3 ,  2, 3, 1 and
(a.i)i+(a.j) j+(a.k)k,(b.i)i+(b.j) j+(b.k)k and i+ j-2k
 5, 9, 7  then 1) Are mutually Perpendicular
1) BCA is a right angle 2) CDA is a right angle 2) Coplanar
3) Forms a Parallelopiped of volume 2 units
3) ABD is a right angle 4) ACD is a right angle 4) Forms a Parallelopiped of volume 3 units
10. Let A  2, 3, 0  B  2, 1,1 C  0,1, 4  be the 19. a,b,c are the position vectors of the vertices
vertices of  ABC . Then angle between the of a triangle ABC ,If (a-b ).(c-b )= 0 ,then the
median BD and the base AC is position vector of circumcentre is
1) 300 2) 450 3) 600 4) 900 ( b+c) (a+b) ( a+c ) a+ b+ c
11. Consider points A, B, C, D with position vectors 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2
7i  4 j  7k , i  6 j 10k ,  i  3 j  4k and APPLICATIONS OF SCALAR
5i  j  5k respectively. Then, ABCD is a PRODUCT IN MECHANICS TO
(AIE-2003) FIND THE WORK DONE:
1) rhombus 2) rectangle 20. Constant forces P  2i  5 j  6k and
3)parallelogram but not a rhombus 4)None of these
12. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon, then Q  i  2 j  k act on a particle, determine
AB. AF  ... the work done when the particle is displaced
from the point A with position vector
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1) BC 2)  BC 3) AC 4)  AC 4i  3 j  2k to a point B with position vector
2 2 2 2
13. b  6 , then b  3c   a if   6i  j  3k
1) 10 2) –15 3) –10 4) 15
1) 9,3 2) 3, 6 3) 6, 3 4) -3, 4 EXERCISE - II (H.W)-KEY
14. The vectors a,b,c are of same length and taken 01) 1 02) 1 03) 3 04) 3 05) 2 06) 3
pairwise they form equal angles, If 07) 2 08) 4 09) 1 10) 2 11) 4 12) 2
a=i+j ,b=j+k then c = 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1 16) 4 17) 3 18) 1
1) i+k 2) i+ j+k 3) i-j 4) -i+ j 19) 3 20) 2
15. If a = -i+j+k and b = 2i+k , then the vector c EXERCISE - II (H.W)-HINTS
satisfying the conditions that (i) it is coplanar
with a and b (ii) it is perpendicular to b (iii) a.c  a.b a
=7 is 1. Use b  2 .
a
1) -3/2i+5/2 j+3k 2) -3i+5j+6k 3) -6i  k 4) -i+2 j+2k

PINEGROVE 49
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

Here AB  AF  a  BC
b
 13. Write b   a  3c squaring. we get
2. Required vector b .
2  6  27  0
3. Since r  3i  j  t (i  2 j  3k ) 14. c  i  k
So, a vector parallel to the lines is
 3 5 
b  i  2 j  3k 15. Take C =   , , 3  and verify
 2 2 
Now, unit vector along the line is
16. Consider the vectors p  ai  bj  ck and
i  2 j  3k i  2 j  3k
i.e  the projection p.q
I 2  22  32 14 q  i  2 j  3k , cos   p q  1
of  i  j  k  on lines is
17.  a  xb  . a  b   0
 i  2 j  3k   1  2  3  6
i  j  k , 14 14 14
2
 a   x  1 a  4 x a  0
2 2

2 2 2 2 (with b  2 a and  a .b   1200 )

4. u  v  w  u  v  w  2 u.w  u.v  v.w
2
 1  4  9  2 u.w  u.v
2
  2  5x  a  0  x 
5
 a  0
18. Verification
 v.w  0  14  2  u w cos   u v cos   19. ABC Right angled triangle at B
20. W  F .s, F  P  Q, S  AB .
But, v cos   w cos 
2
 u  v  w  14  u  v  w  14 . EXERCISE - III
n

5. a  b  c  0  a  b  c 1. If a
i 1
i  0 where ai  1 , for all i , then the

Take dot product on both sides with a and b then

add. value of 
1 i  j  n
ai . a j is
6. Longer diagonal 4a  5b n
1) n 2 2)  n 2 3) n 4) 
2
its magnitude  4a  5b  593 . 2. The value of a for which the angle between
7. Given  a , b    b , c    c , a   60o a  2a 2 i  4aj  k and b  7 i  2 j  ak is
obtuse and the angle between b and z-axis is
Find  2a  3b  5c  .  4a  6b  10c   334
acute and less than  / 6 is
8. a  b  c and a.b  b.c  c .a  0 .  1
1) Does not exist 2) Lies in  0, 
9.  BCA  900 .  2

 [Link]  3) Lies in  1,1 4) Lies in  0,1

1  
10.   cos  BD AC . 3. If the position vector of a point P is
 
r  xi  yj  zk , where x, y , z  N and  is a
11. AB and DC are not parallel.
vector given by   i  j  k , then the total
12. Drawn the figure and sec the
number of possible positions of point P for
BAF  1200. AB. AF  AB AF cos1200. which r .  10
1) 36 2) 72 3) 66 4) 100
50 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

4. Let a  2 i  j  k , b  i  2 j  k and a unit 10. Let p and q be the position vectors of P and
vector c be coplanar. If c is perpendicular Q repectively with respect to ‘O’ and
to a , then c is p  p , q  q . if R, S, divides PQ Internally
1 1
1)
2
 j k 2)
3
 i  j  k  and externally in the ratio 2:3 respectively. If
OR and OS are perpendicular, then
1 1 1) 9 p 2  4q 2 2) 4 p 2  9q 2
3)
5
i  2 j  4)
5
i  j  k 
3) 9p=4q 4) 4p=9q
5. The position vector of the foot of the
perpendicular from (1,-2,-3) to the line 11. The vectors X and Y satisfy the equations

r  i  j  2i  j k  is 2X  Y  p , X  2Y  q where

j k p  i  j and q  i  j . If  is the angle

1) 2i  j  k 2)  i  k 3) 4) i  j  k
2 between X and Y then
6. Let a  2i  j  k , b  i  2 j  k and 1
4
c  i  j  2k be three vectors. A vector in the 1) cos   2) sin  
5 2
plane of b and c whose projection on a is of 4 3
3) cos    4) cos   
2 5 5
magnitude is
3 12. A   2,3,5  , B   1,3, 2  and C    ,5,  
1) 2 i  3 j  3 k 2) 2 i  3 j  3 k are the vertices of a triangle. If the median
3)  2 i  j  5 k 4) 2 i  j  5 k AM is equally inclined to the coordinates axes,
7. The ABC is defined by the vertices then
A 1, 2, 2  B 1, 4, 0  and C  4,1,1 . Let M be 1)   10,   7 2)   10,   7
the foot of the altitude drawn from the vertex 3)   7,   10 4)   7,   10
B to side AC. Then BM  13. The vectors 3a  5b and 2a  b are mutually
 20 30 10  perpendicular and the vectors a  4b &
1)  , ,  2)  20, 30,10
 7 7 7
a  b are also mutually perpendicular. Then
3)  2,3, 1 4) 1, 2,3 the acute angle between a and b is
8. If pth , q th , r th terms of a G.P. are the positive
 19  1  19 
numbers a, b, c then angle between the vectors 1) co s 1   2)   co s  
 5 43   5 43 
log a 3 i  log b3 j  log c 3k and
1  9  1  9 
(q  r ) i  (r  p ) j  ( p  q )k is 3) cos   4)   cos  
 5 43   5 43 
   1  1  14. If a is the position vector of A then the position
1) 2) 3) 4) sin  2 2 2
 vector of the foot of the perpendicular from A
6 2 3  a b c 
to the plane r .b  b .c is.
9. Let a , b , c be vectors of equal magnitude such
that the angle between a and b is  , b and c  a  b  c  a  .b b
1) b  2) a 
c is  and c and a is  . Then the minimum | b |2 | b |2
value of cos   cos   cos  is
 c  b  .a  c  b  .a
1 1 3 3 3) b  b 4) a  b
1) 2)  3) 4)  | a |2 | a |2
2 2 2 2

PINEGROVE 51
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

15. Let a  BC , b  CA, c  AB be the sides of the 20. If A is  x1, y1  where x1  1 on the curve
triangle ABC. If G is the centroid of ABC
y  x 2  x  10 . the tangent at A cuts the x-axis
such that GB and GC are inclined at an obtuse
at B. The value of OA. AB is
angle, then
1) 5a 2  b 2  c 2 2) 5c 2  a 2  b 2 1) 148 2) 352
3) 140 4) none of these
21. Let ABCD be a parallelogram such that
3) 5b 2  a 2  c 2 4) None of these
AB  q, AD  p and BAD be an acute
16. The position vector of A is pi  j .If A is
angle. If r is the vector that coincides with
 the altitude directed from the vertex B to the
rotated about O through an angle in anti
6 side AD, then r is given by
clock wise direction. It coincides with B whose
position vector i  q j .The value of p, q are  p
3 p.q  p.q  p
1. r  3q  2. r   q 
1
,
1 1 1 1  p. p   p. p 
1) 3, 3 2) 3, 3) 3 , 3 or 4) ,
3 3 3 3 3
 p.q  p  p.q  p
17. In ABC , CB  a, CA  b, AB  c. CD is 3. r  q  4. r  3q 
 p. p   p. p 
median through the vertex C. Then CA. CD
EXERCISE - III - KEY
equals 01) 4 02) 1 03) 1 04) 1 05) 2 06) 3
1 1 2 07) 1 08) 2 09) 4 10) 1 11) 3 12) 3
1)
4

3a 2  b 2  c 2  2)
4

a  3b 2  c 2  13) 1 14) 2 15) 1 16) 3 17) 2 18) 1
19) 1 20) 1 21) 2
1 2 1
3)
4

a  b 2  3c 2  4)
4

3a 2  b 2  c 2  EXERCISE - III-HINTS
2 2 2 2
u v 1. a1  a2  ....  a  a1  a2  ....  an  2
18. In triangle ABC if AB  u  v and

1K , i j n
ai . a j  0  n  2  G.E 
2u
AC 
u where u  v then 2.  2a , 4a,1 . 7, 2, a   0
2
 14 a 2  7 a  0
 a  2a  1  0  a  a  1/ 2   0
1) 1   cos 2 A  0 2)  cos 2 A  0
1
3) 2   cos 2 A  0 0a        1
2
4) 1  cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2C  0  7, 2, a  .  0, 0,1  3 a
 and  0  a  0....  2 
19. In a parallelogram ABCD, 49  4  a .1 2 2 53  a 2
AB  a, AD  b, a 3 2
    2a   3  53  a2 
53  a 2 2
and AC =c , then DB. AB has the value

3a 2  b 2  c 2 a 2  3b 2  c 2  a 2  159 , a   159  or  a  159.......  3

1) 2)
2 2  There is no value satisfying 1 2  &  3
a 2  b 2  3c 2 a 2  3b 2  c 2 3. r .  10  x  y  z  10
3) 4)
2 2
No. of solutions = 101 C31  9C2  36

52 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

4. Let c   a   b and P(p)

c .a  0  1   2 , c    a  2b  .
Q(q)
1 2q  3 p
But c  1     10. OR 
3 2 5

x 1 y 1 z O
5.    t  x  2t 1, y  t 1, z  t
2 1 1
2q  3 p
Let, M   2t  1, t  1, t  , A  1  2  3 OS  &OR. OS  0
1
D.R’S of M   2t,t 3,t 3 D.R’S of line   2,1,1  1    1   4
 
11. X  i  3 j , Y  i  3 j  cos   
3 3 5
 
Pro of D.R’S =0  t  1  M   1,0, 1
    A(2,3,5)
6. A vector in the plane of b and c is b   c, or
1    i   2    j  1  2  k. Its projection on
2 2 1      2     1  2  2
a is  
3 6 3 12.

   1  2    1, 3 ,   3   3
B(-1,3,5) M C(,5,)
7. Here MB  Component vector of AB
 [Link]  AC and   1 2      5  8 
M  , 4,  , AM   2 ,1, 2 
Perpendicular AC  AB   2 2   
AC 2
hence find BM AM . i AM . j AM . k
cos    
8. Use a  t p  AR p1  log a  log A  (P 1)log R AM AM AM
etc.
 5  8
9. Let a  b  c    1
2 2

we have, a . b  a b cos    2 cos     5  2 &   8  2    7 &   10

b .c  b c cos    2 cos  13. 3a  5b  . 2a  b   0

2 2 2
c .a  c a cos    2 cos  Now, a  b  c  0  
 6 a  7 a.b  5 b  0
2 2
 a  b  c  2  a . b  b .c  c . a   0 2 2
6 a 5 b
 a.b   1
 3 2  2 2 (cos   cos   cos  )  0 7
3
 cos   cos   cos   
2
 a  4b  .b  a   0

PINEGROVE 53
DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

2 2
 4 b  a  3 a.b  0   A(O)
c

2 2
4b  a b b
 a.b    2 D 
2
3
17.
2 2 2 2
6 a 5 b 4b  a
from (1) & (2)  B(b) C(c)
7 3
Let A be origin & AB  b, AC  c then
2 2 43
 25 a  43 b  a  b
25 AB  b  c, AC  c  b
2
a b b b 
also a.b  CA  c & CD  2  c  
[Link]  c .   c 
25 2 
18. AC  AB  BC
2
a.b 19 b 19 BC  u  v  [Link]   u  v  .  u  v   0
 cos    
a b 43 2 5 43
b c
25 B  Hence  cos A  1  0
2
14. If F  r then AF  Component Vector of AC 19.  DB  DA  AB or  D A  D B  A B
2 2 2
 c  a  .b b      
 DA  DB  AB  2 DB. AB
along b  r a 
| b |2
in parallelogram 2  a 2  b 2   c 2  DB 2
 c  a  .b b 2
  DB   2a 2  2b 2  c 2
r a
| b |2
 b 2  2a 2  2b 2  c 2
15. Let A  0; AB  b , AC  c then 3a 2  b 2  c 2
 [Link] 
b c 2
AG 
3 20. Putting x  1 in y  x 2  x  10  y  12 and
2 2 dy
[Link]  0  5  b.c   2 b  2 c  0 at A is 3. Tangent at A is y  12  3  x  1 .
dx
it meets x-axis at B .
 c2  b2  a 2 
  2 c  b 
2 2
5 .
 2 

 c2  b2  a2 
Use  b .c   21. vector compenent of on
 b 2  c 2  5a 2 2
 

 [Link]
16. | OA || OB | , Cos 
6 | OA | . | OB |

54 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DOT PRODUCT OF VECTORS

5. Arrange the following angles in descending

EXERCISE - IV order
1. Let be mutually perpendicular unit A: If then
vectors, then B: If are unit vectors, then
I: C: If are unit vectors then
II : is equally inclined to 1) A,B,C 2) C,B,A
3) B,C,A 4) B,A,C
1) Both I & II are true 2) Both I & II are false
3) I is false, II is ture 4) I is true, II is false EXERCISE - IV - KEY
01) 1 02) 2 03) 1 04) 1 05) 4
2. I: If the vectors = (1,x,-2), = (x,3,-4) are
mutually perpendicular ,then x = 2
EXERCISE - IV - HINTS
II: If and
is perpendicular to then t=5 1. and
1) Only I is true 2) Only II is true
3) both I&II are true 4) neither I nor II are
true
3. Arrange the value of in ascending 2. (I) , (II)
order
3. (A)
A: If are mutually perpendicular unit
vectors (B)
B: If are vectors of lengths 2,3,4
(C)
respectively are perpendicular to
respectively 4.

C: If are vectors of lengths 4,4,5

does not lies between
respectively and are perpendicular
to respectively..
1) A,B,C 2) C,B,A
3) B,C,A 4) B,A,C
5. A)
4. A: Angle between and
B)
is acute angle

R: If is acute then
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A C)
2) Both A and R are true and R is not correct
explanation of A
3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true

PINEGROVE 55
CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

CROSS PRODUCT
where n̂ is unit vector perpendicular to both a
SYNOPSIS
and b such that a , b , nˆ form right handed system
 Left handed & right handed system
(Definition) :
Let a , b and c be three non-coplanar vectors. n
Let O, A ,B and C be points in the space such that b

no three of them are collinear. Let OA  a , 

a
OB  b and OC  c . Observing from the point C,
n
if the angle of rotation ( in the anticlock wise sense)
of OA to OB does not exceed 180 then the vector
triad (a , b , c ) is said to be a Right handed triad or  a  b  0 iff a  0  or  b  0  or  a , b are
a Right handed System.
parallel vectors.
 If (a , b , c ) is not a right handed triad then it is  The vector product of any vector with itself is 0
said to be a Left handed triad.
Thus, a  a  0 , b  b  0 etc...
 If (a , b , c ) is a right handed (left handed) system
 If a , b are non-zero and non-parallel vectors then
then the triads (b , c , a ) and (c , a , b ) also form
a  b is a vector perpendicular to the plane
right handed (left handed) systems.
 If any two vectors are interchanged then the system determined by a and b whose magnitude is
changes from R.H.S to L.H.S or L.H.S to R.H.S. a b sin  , where    a , b 
 If any vector of a system is replaced by its additive
inverse then the system changes from R.H.S to  a  b  a b sin   a b
L.H.S or L.H.S to R.H.S.
 Properties of cross product of
 If (a , b , c ) is a right handed triad and a , b , c are vectors:
mutually perpendicular to each other then (a , b , c ) The cross product of vectors does not obey
is called an Orthogonal triad. commutative law. i.e., a  b  b  a
Z Z But a  b    b  a 

 a b  b  a
 Let l,m be scalars, then

O  
i)   a   b  a  b    a  b   b  a
Y Y
O
ii)   a    b   a  b
X X
iii)  l a   b  l  a  b   a   l b 
 Cross Product (or) Vector Product:
iv)  l a    m b   lm  a  b 
If a and b are two vectors then the cross product
or vector product of the vectors represented by  Distributive law:
a  b is defined as, i) a   b  c   a  b  a  c
a  b  a b sin  a , b  . nˆ ii)  a  b   c  a  c  b  c

56 PINEGROVE
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

 Vector Products among i, j,k : b c c a a b

If i, j , k are unit Orthogonal triad of vectors then p  q  l1 l2 l3
m1 m2 m3
ii  j j  k k  0
 Angle between two vectors :
i  j  k , j  k  i , k  i  j,
If a and b are two non-zero and non-collinear
The above result can be easily commited to memory
with the help of the following table a b
vectors and  a , b    then sin  
 k a b
i k
i o k -j  If a  (a1, a2 , a3 ) and b  (b1, b2 , b3 ) then
j -k o i
i j  (a b1 2  a2b1 ) 2 a b 1 1
k j -I o sin   , cos   2 2
 a12  b12  a b
1 1

 Evaluation of a  b  A Vector perpendicular to the given

If a  a1 i  a2 j  a3 k   a1 , a2 , a3  and two vectors :
b  b1 i  b2 j  b3 k   b1 , b2 , b3  then The vectors perpendicular to both a and b are
given by   a  b  where   R
i j k
 The unit vectors perpendicular to a and b
a  b  a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3

a  b 
a b
WE-1: If 13 a =3 i +4 j +12k, 13b = 4i - 12j + 3k,
W.E-3 : Find the unit vector perpendicular to the
13c = 12 i + 3 j - 4k then the value of a × b in
plane determined by the vectors
terms of c is.
a  4 i  3 j  k & b  2 i  6 j  3k
i j k
i j k
3 4 12
Sol. 13a  13b = = 156i  39 j  52k Sol. a  b  4 3 1  5  3i  2 j  6k 
4 12 3 2 6 3

 13 12 i  3 j  4k   169c ,   a  b   c unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined

by the vectors a and b
W.E-2 If a  4, b  2 the angle between a and
a b  3i  2 j  6k 
is  a  b    
b is  / 6 . Then a b  is
2
(AIE-2002)  7 
 The vectors perpendicular to a and b with
Sol. a b   a b sin 2  = (16)(4)(1/4) = 16
2 2 2

m a  b 
 Evaluation of p  q where base vectors magnitude m are 
a b
are a, b & c :
 The unit vectors perpendicular to the plane ABC
If p  l1a  l2b  l3c , q  m1a  m2b  m3c are
two vectors represented as a linear combination of  AB  AC 
are  AB  AC
base vectors a, b, c, then

PINEGROVE 57
CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 The unit vectors perpendicular to the plane and P3 are in clock sense from the side of n , then
containing three non-collinear points a , b and c
the vector area is A  n  . In any case the vector
a b  b  c  c  a  area of a plane region D is either A (n ) or
are 
a b  b c  c  a A  n  so that the area is the magnitude of the
 The unit vector n perpendicular to both vector area.
a , b such that a , b , n form a right handed system  The vector area of ABC is
1 1 1
a b
is n  a  b 2
  
AB  AC  BC  BA  CA  CB
2 2
  
 If ABC is a triangle such that AB  a,
 The unit vector n perpendicular to both a , b such
AC  b then
that a , b , n form a left handed system is
1
a b (i) The vector area of triangle ABC =
2
a b 
n 
a b 1
 Vector equation of the line : Vector (ii) Area of triangle ABC =
2

a b 
equation of the line passes through the point A  a   If a , b , c are the position vectors of the vertices
A, B and C (described in counter clock sense) of
and parallel to the vector b is  r  a   b  0 ,
ABC then
which is called non-parametric form of the line (i) The Vector area of ABC
 Vector equation of the line passes through two
1
points A and B with position vectors a and b is 
2
b  c  c  a  a  b 
 r  a   b  a   0 , which is called non- 1
parametric form of the line (ii) Area of ABC  b  c  c  a  a  b
2
 Lagranges Identity : If a , b are two vectors,  Let a , b , c be the position vectors of three
2 2 2 2 a .a a .b points A,B,C then A,B,C are collinear iff
a  b  a b   a .b  
a .b b .b a b  b c  c  a  0
 Geometrical interpretation of cross  Let a , b , c be the position vectors of three points
product : The geometrical interpretation of cross A,B,C then a  b  b  c  c  a is vector
product of two non-zero non collinear vectors perpendicular to the plane ABC
a , b is the vector area of a parallelogram whose  If ABCD is a parallelogram and AB  a,
adjacent sides are a , b .
BC  b then
 Areas : Let D be a plane region bounded by a
(i) The vector area of ABCD =  a  b 
closed curve C. Let P1 , P2 , P3 be three points on C
(taken in this order).Let n be the unit vector (ii) Area of ABCD = a  b
perpendicular to the region D such that from the
 If ABCD is a parallelogram and AC  d1 ,
side of n the points P1 , P2 and P3 are in anticlock
sense. If A is the area of the region D, then A ( n ) BD  d 2 diagonals of a parallelogram then
is called the vector area of D. If the points P1 , P2 1
(i) The vector area of ABCD =
2
 
d1  d2 (or)

58 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

1 1 Vector moment of R about the point Q

2
 
AC  BD . (ii) Area =
2

d1  d2  i j k
1 QP  R  2 4 2
 Area of quadrilateral ABCD  AC  BD
2 3 0 5
square units where AC and BD are diagonals.   20  0  i   10  6  j   0  12  k
 Physical Applications of cross
product : Let O be the point of reference (origin)  20i  16 j  12k
 The perpendicular distance from a point ‘P’
and OP  r be the position vector of a point P
on the line of action of a force F . Then t h e AP  AB
to the line joining the points A,B is AB
moment of the force F about O is given by
M  r  F . M is also called vector moment  The perpendicular distance from A  a  to the line
W.E- 4: A force F  2 i  j  k acts at point A
BC  BA
whose position vectors is 2i  j . Find the 
through B b and C  c  is BC
moment of force F about the origin.
Proof: Perpendilar distance from A to BC=AD
Sol. Given, F  2 i  j  k , OA  2i  j
1
i j k 2
2.
2

BC  BA BC  BA   
  
Now OA  F  2 1 0  i  2 j  4k  base  BC BC

2 1 1 A(a)

Magnitude of moment of F about O

 OA  F  12  2 2  42  21
B(b) D C(c)
W.E-5: Forces 2 i  j , 2 i  3 j  6k and
W.E-6: If Q = (2,1,-2) and R = (0,-5,1). Find the
 i  2 j  k act at a point P, with position perpendicular distance from P(1,4,-2) to QR.
vector 4 i  3 j  k . Find the vector moment of P(1,4,-2)

the resultant of these forces about the point Q

whose position vector is 6 i  j  3k
Sol.
Sol. Let F1  2 i  j , F2  2 i  3 j  6k

F3   i  2 j  k Q(2,1,-2) A R(0,-5,1)

Thier resultant R  F1  F2  F3  3i  5 k QP  QR
Q The perpendicular distance from P to QR  QR

QP   i  3 j , QR  2 i  6 j  3k
i j k
P R  QP  QR  1 3 0  9 i  3 j  12k
2 6 3
Also QP  OP  OQ
3 26 3
 
 4 i  3 j  k   6 i  j  3k   2 i  4 j  2k QP  QR  81  9  144  3 26  PA  
49 7
26

PINEGROVE 59
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

Ø The vector equation of a line passing through the 3. If a . b  a .c and a  b  a  c then

point A ( a ) and perpendicular to the vectors b, 1) a is perpendicular to b  c
 
c is r  a  t b  c where ‘t’ is a scalar.. 2) either a  0 or b  c
Ø The length of the projection of b on a vector 3) a is parallel to b  c 4) a  b  c
perpendicular to a in the plane generated by 4. If p  a  b , q  a  b , a  b  r then
a b p  q  b  r , then p  q 
a , b is a 2 2
Ø Moment of a force: 1) r 4   a .b  2) 2 r 4   a .b 
(Torque or Vector moment): Let O be the 2
point of reference (orgin) and OP  r be the 3) 3 r 4   a .b  4) 0
position vector of a point P on the line of action of 5. Number of unit vectors perpendicular to two
a force ‘F’. Then the moment of the force ‘F’ non zero vectors a and b are
about ‘O’ is given by r  F 1) one 2) two 3) three 4) infinite
Ø If a  a1l  a2 m  a3 n , b  b1l  b2 m  b3 n . 6. If a , b , c are three vectors such that
Where l , m, n form a right handed system of a  b  c  0 then
non-coplanar vectors, then 1) a  b  b  c  c  a
mn nl l m 2) a  b  b  c  c  a  0
a  b  a1 a2 a3 3) a  b  b  c 4) a  b  0
7. Two planes are perpendicular to each other.
b1 b2 b3
One of them contains vectors a , c and other
Ø Some useful Results: For any vector a ,
2
contains b , d then  a  c  .  b  d  
2 2 2
ai  a  j  a k  2 a
1) 1 2) 0 3)  a b c  4) b c d 
Ø a , b, a  b form a right handed system. 8. For any vector a [AIEEE -2005 ]
Ø a , b , b  a form a left handed system. 2 2 2
a  i  + a  j  + a  k  =
Ø If a , b , c are mutually perpendicular vectors then
2 2
1) a 2) a 3) a 4) 2 a
a  b , b  c , c  a are also mutually
  
perpendicular vectors. 9. Let a, b, c are position vectors of a triangle
Ø If a , b, c are in right handed system then a  b , ABC. Then length of perpendicular from
b  c , c  a are also in right handed system. vertex ‘C’ to AB is
a b  b c  c a
1) a  b  b  c  c  a 2)
C.U.Q a b b c
1. If Magnitude of cross product and dot product
of two non zero, non parallel vectors are equal a b  b c  c a
3) 4) a  b  b  c  c  a
then angle between two vector is a c
  3  10. Perpendicular distance of any point a on to
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 2 2 3
the line r  b  t c ( t is scalar ) is
2 2
2. a  b   a .b  
2 2 2 2 1)
 a  b   c 2)  a  b   c 3)
a b
4)
a  b  c
1) a 2) b 3) a b 4) a b c c c a

60 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

11. Angle between the vectors a  b and b  a 6. a b c  0

is
a  a  b  c   0  0  a  b  a  c  0
1) 00 2) 450 3) 900 4) 1800
a b  c a
12. The vectors a , b , a  b form 7. Normal to a first plane is a  c
1) Right handed system 2) Left handed system Normal to a second plane is b  d
3) A set of coplanar vectors
4) A set of mutually perpendicular vectors Planes are perpendicular   a  c  b  d   0
13. A vector area is a vector quantity associated 8. Formula
with each plane figure whose magnitude is
1) Any quantity and direction parallel to the plane 1
9. Area of    base  height
2) Any quantity and direction perpendicular to the 2
plane 1
3) Equal to area and direction parallel to the plane  a b  b c  c a
2
4) Equal to area and direction perpendicular to the
plane 1
 AB  (perpendicular distance from C to AB )
14. If a . b  0 and a  b  0 then 2
1) Neccessarily a  0 2) Neccessarily b  0 1
10. Area of    base  height
2
3) One of a or b is 0 4) a perpendicular to b
1 1
15. If a , b are non-zero and non-parrallel then
2
 a  b   c =  c  height
2
1) a  b  a b 2) a  b  a b
11. a  b  b  a   a  b , b  a   
3) a  b  0 4) a  b  a b 12. a , b , a  b form right handed system
16. Let V be the set of all vectors and F be the
set of all scalars. Then skew product 15. a  b  a b sin  ,sin   1
(cross product) is a function from 16. a , b  v2 a  b is a vector
1) V X V to V 2) V X V to F
2 2 2 2
3) F X F to F 4) V X F to V 17. a  b   a b  a b 
a .a a .b
17. EXERCISE - I (C.W)
b .a b .b
2 2
1)  a .b  2) 0 3) a .b 4)  a  b  R.H & L.H SYSTEM
C.U.Q-KEY 1. The vector a = 1/7 (2 i + 3 j + 6k),
01) 1 02) 3 03) 2 04) 2 05) 2 06) 1
07) 2 08) 4 09) 1 10) 2 11) 4 12) 1 1 1
b= (3 i - 6 j + 2k) , c = (6 i + 2 j - 3k)
13) 4 14) 3 15) 4 16) 1 17) 4 7 7
form
C.U.Q-HINTS 1) a right handed system 2) a left handed system
1. a  b  a  b  a b sin   a b cos  3) an orthogonal system 4) an orthonormal system
2. Formula 2. c is a unit Vector orthogonal to a, b and
3. a   b  c   0, a   b  c   0 . Both are true a, b, c are in R.H.S a = i + j + k, b = 2j + 2k
then c =
only when a  0 or b  c  0
4. Formula i j j k ik kj
1) 2) 3) 4)
5. Unit vectors perpendicular to a plane are two 2 2 2 2

PINEGROVE 61
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

PROBLEMS ON VECTOR PRODUCT | pq |

3. If a  2i  j  k , b  3i  4 j  k then a  b  14. | p |  2, | q |  3 then sin  p , q  
1) 9 2) 3 10 3) 155 4) 5 5 1) 6 2) 3/2 3) 2/3 4) 1
 PROPERTIES OF VECTOR PRODUCT
4. If | a| 2, | b|  4,  a, b  then | a  b |2 
6 15. a , b are two vectors such that a  3 ,
1) 16 2) 2 3) 775 4) 36
5. If  2 i  6 j  27 k    i   j   k   0 then 2
b 
3
. If a  b is unit vector then a, b   
values of  ,  are
27 27 9    
1) 3, 27 2) 3, 3) ,3 4) 3, 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 6 4 3 2
6.  i  xj  3k    i  j  k   5i  xj  3k 16. If | a |  2, | b |  7 and a  b  3i  2 j  6k ,
then x = then a, b 
1) 2 2) 3 3) –1 4) 0 1) 300 2) 600 3) 450 4) 750
2 17. The sine of the angle between the vectors
7. If a  1, b  2 ,  a , b   then
3 i + 3 j + 2k and 2 i - 4 j + k is.
2
 a  3b   3a  b   155 115 115 157
1) 425 2) 375 3) 325 4) 300 1) 2) 3) 4)
156 116 147 158
8. If a = i-3 j + 2k, b = 2 i + j-k then the length
18. If |a|=2, |b|=7 and a x b = 3 i + 2 j + 6k,
of the component vector of a x b along
then a.b =
5 i - k is.
1) 147 2) 145 3) 143 4) 142
1 2 3 4
1) 2) 3) 4) 19. If a  2 i  2 j  k , b  5i  j  2k then
13 13 13 13
2 2
9. Given that a = 2 i + 3 j + 6k, b = 3 i - 6 j + 2k , a  b  a . b  
c = 6 i + 2 j - 3k then a × b = 1) 270 2) 120 3) 170 4) 110
1) 7c 2) c 3) 5c 4) 4c 2 2

10. If ax i+2a-4i -2j  k= 0 then a = 20.

ab 
 a .b  , where a  a, b  b is
2 a 2b 2
1) 2 j + k 2) 2 j-k 3) 2 i+ j 4) 2 i-j
1 1
11. If a=2i+2 j+k , a.b=14 , a  b=3i+ j-8k , 1) 1 2) 3) 2 4)
2 4
then b = VECTOR AREA, AREA
1) 5i- j+2k 2) 5i+ j-k 3) 5i+ j+2k 4) 5i+ j-2k 21. The area of the triangle formed by the points
whose position vectors are
12. If a + b + c = 0 then a x b =
3i  j , 5i  2 j  k and i  2 j  3k is
1) c x b 2) b x c 3) a x c 4) 2b x c
13. If a  i  2 j  3k , b   i  2 j  k , c  3i  j and 1) 23 sq. units 2) 21 sq. units
d is normal to both a and b , then ( c , d ) 3) 305 sq. units 4) 33 sq. units
22. The area of the triangle formed by the points
1  4  1  4 
1) cos   2) sin   A (2,3,4), B (3,4,2) and C (4,2,3) is.
 30   30 
3 3 3 5 3
 2 
1  2 
1 1) 3 3 2) 3) 4)
3) cos   4) sin   2 2 2
 30   30 

62 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

23. If the adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 30. ABCD is a quadrilateral and let
i + 2 j + 3k , and -3 i - 2 j + k then the area of AB = a, AD = b , AC = ma + nb .
the parallelogram is. Then the area of the quadrilateral is
1) 6 5 2) 7 5 3) 8 5 4) 5 7 1) (m + n) (a x b) 2) 2 |m + n| (a x b)
24. If ABCD is a quadrilateral such that 3) 1/ 2 |m + n | a x b 4) 3(m + n) a x b
AB  i  2 j , AD  j  2k 31. Area of rectangle having vertices A, B, C and
1 1
and AC  2  i  2 j   3  j  2k  . then area of D with P.V’s  i  j  4k , i  j  4k ,
2 2
the quadrilateral ABCD is
1 1
i  j  4k and i  j  4k respectively is
5 21 3 21 21 7 2 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2 1
25. The area of the parallelogram constructed on 1) 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
2
the Vectors a = p + 2q and b = 2p + q as GEOMETRICALAPPLICATION OF
sides, where p, q are unit Vectors forming an VECTOR PRODUCT
angle of 600 in square units is 32. A unit vector parallel to xy-plane and
perpendicular to the vector 4 i - 3 j + k is.
3 3 3 3 3 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 1 1
2 2 4 2 1) 
5

3i  4k  2)  4i  3 j
5
 
26. If the area of the parallelogram whose
1
adjacent sides are  3 i  4 j   k  and 
3)  3i  4 j
5
 4) i  2k
2 j  4 k  is 436 sq. units and   0, 33. The unit Vectors orthogonal to – i + 2j + 2k
then  = and making equal angles with x and y axes
are
1) 0 2) 4 3) 1 4) 3
1) ± 1/3 (2 i+2 j-k) 2) ± 1/3 ( i+ j-k)
27. If the Vectors 3 i + j- 2k, i- 3 j + 4k aree
diagonals of a quadrilateral then the Vector 3) ± 1/3 (2 i-2 j-k) 4) ± 1/4 ( i+ j-k)
area is 34. If u = a+b, v = a-b, |a| = |b| = 2 then
1) i + 7 j - 5k 2) i -7 j+5k |u x v | =
3) - i + 2 j +5k 4) - i - 7 j - 5k 1) 16  (a.b) 2 2) 2 16  (a.b) 2
28. If OA = a, OB = 10a + 2b and OC = b , 3) 3 16  (a.b) 2 4) 0
where A and C are non collinear points. Let p
denote the area of the Quadrillateral OABC   
35. Let   a  b  c ,   b  c  a , 
and q denote the area of a parallelogram with
OA and OC as adjacent sides. The p/q=

V  c  a  b then
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10 1)     V 2)  ,  ,V are coplanar
29. If a = 2 i - 3 j + k, b = - i + k, c = 2 j - k , then 3)   V  2  4) None
the area of the parallelogram is having 36. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors such that
diagonals a + b and b + c (in [Link]) is
b  c  a , c  a  b and a  b  c ,
21 19
1) 21 2) 3) 19 4) then a  b  c 
2 2
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3

PINEGROVE 63
CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

37. If a x i = j then a. i = 46. If AB  b and AC  c then the length of the

1) any scalar 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2 perpendicular from A to the line BC is
38. If r x a = b x a, r x b = a x b ,
b c b c 1 b c b c
a  0, b  0, b   a , a is not 1) b  c 2) b  c 3) 2 b  c 4) 2 b  c
perpendicular to b then r =
47. If the projection of Vector OA on unit Vector
1) a - b 2) a + b 3) a  b + a 4) a  b + b
OB equals twice the area of  OAB in
 
39. If r satisfies r  i  2 j  k  i  k , then for magnitude, then AOB in radian is
any scalar ‘t’, r 
 

1) i  t i  2 j  k  
2) j  t i  2 j  k  1) 0 2)
2
3)
4
4) 

3) k  t  i  2 j  k  
4) i  k  t i  2 j  k  48. If a  xi  yj and b  yi  xj , a  b  5 then
40. If r = x i + yj + zk then (r x i). (r x j) + xy locus of  x, y  is
1) 0 2) 1 3) r 4) | r | 1) Hyperbola 2) Parabola
41. Let A, B, C be unit vectors suppose that 3) Ellipse 4) Circle
A. B  A. C  0 and angle between B and C 49. If a and b are unit vectors such that
 2
is , then A  k( B  C) and k = | a  b | a .b then a  b 
6
1) 2 2) 4 3) 16 4) 0 1) 2 2) 2  2 3) 2  2 4) 4 2
42. A(1,2,5), B(5,7,9), and C(3,2,-1), are given PHYSICALAPPLICATION OF CROSS
three points. A unit Vector normal to the plane
of the triangle ABC. PRODUCT
15i  16 j  5k 15i  16 j  5k 50. The moment of a force i  j  k acting through
1) 2) the point A   2i  3 j  k about the point
506 506
15 i  16 j  5k i  j k B  i  2 j  3 k is
3) 4)
506 3 1) 3i  j  4k 2) 3i  j  4k
43. A vector of length 7 which is perpendicular 3) 3i  j  4k 4) 3i  j  4k
to 2 j  k and i  2 j  3k and makes obtuse
51. The torque about the point 3i  j  3k of a
angle with y-aixs is
1 1 force 4 i  2 j  k through the point
1)
5
 4i  j  18 k 2)  3

4i  j  2k 
5i  2 j  4k , is
1 1 1) i  2 j  8k 2) i  2 j  8k
3)
3
 4i  j  2k  4)
3
 4i  j  2k 
3) i  2 j  8k 4)  i  2 j  8k
44. Let a  i  j , b  2i  k . Then the point of
EXERCISE - I (C.W) - KEY
intersection of the lines r  a  b  a and
01) 4 02) 4 03) 3 04) 1 50) 2 06) 1
r  b  a  b is 07) 4 08) 2 09) 1 10) 3 11) 3 12) 2
1) 3i  j  k 2) 3i  j  k 13) 1 14) 1 15) 2 16) 1 17) 3 18) 1
19) 1 20) 2 21) 3 22) 2 23) 1 24) 1
3) 3i  3 j  k 4) 3i  3 j  k 25) 2 26) 1 27) 4 28) 2 29) 2 30) 3
45. The perpendicular distance of the point 31) 3 32) 3 33) 1 34) 2 35) 2 36) 4
(6,-4,4) on to the line joining the points 37) 1 38) 2 39) 2 40) 1 41) 1 42) 2
A (2,1,2), B (3,-1,4) is. 43) 2 44) 1 45) 3 46) 2 47) 3 48) 4
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 49) 3 50) 3 51) 1

64 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

EXERCISE - I (C.W) - HINTS 1

1. 21. AB  AC
c  a b 2
a , b , a  b forms RHS, Also a  b  c  1 1
22. AB  AC
2
ab
c 23. a  b
2. ab
1
24. 2
AC  BD
i j k
a  b  2 1 1 25. a  b  3  p  q 
3.
3 4 1
 3 p q sin  p, q 
2 2 2
4. a  b  a b sin 2  a , b  26. a  b  436
5.  6  27  i  (27  2 ) j   2  6  k  0 16  2  i  12 j  6k  436
27    0, 16
   3,  
2
1
6. Cross product  5 i  2 j  3k 27.
2
a  b 
7. 
expand a  3b  3a  b    28. p 
1 1
OB  AC  10a  2b    b  a 
2 2
8. Find a  b , apply component formula
9. a  b  42 i  14 j  21k  7c  6 a b
10. Verify the options p
11. Verify the options. q  OA  OC  a  b , 6
q
12. a  b  c  0 , a  b  c b  0 29. x  a  b  i  3 j  2k

13. d  a  b , d .c 1
cos   y  b  c  i  2 j , xy
d c 2

p q sin  p.q  1
pq 30. AC  BD , BD  BA  AD
14. sin p.q  sin p.q  p q 6 2
   
 AD  AB b a
15. a  b  1  a b sin a, b  1   31. Area = AB  AD
a b 32. z  0 , verification
16. sin  a , b   33. Verification
a b
2
a b 34. U  V  2 24  a.b  
17. sin  
a b 35.     V  0  they are linearly connected
2 2 2 2  coplanar
18.  a  b    a .b   a b 36. We have,
2 2 2 2 a  b  c , b  c  a , and c  a  b
19. a  b   a . b  a b
2 2 2
 a  b  c and  a  b  c  1
2
20. a  b   a . b   a b

PINEGROVE 65
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

2 2 2
 a  b  c  3 a.b  b.c  c.a  0  
OA OB cos OA, OB  OA OB sin OA, OB  
2
 a b c  3  a b c  3
OA, OB   4
37. Put a  xi  y j  zk find a  i
48. a  b  x 2  y 2  5 , x 2  y 2  25
38. r  a    a  b  , r  b  a  b
2 2 2
a  b  a  b  2a .b
r  a  r  b , r   a  b   0 49.

r ||  a  b  , r   a  b  ,   1 50. M  BA F
51. We have, F  4 i  2 j  k
39. Put t = 1 verify options
40. Find r  i and r  j OP  2 i  3 j  k  r

41. A  k(B  C) , A  k B  C
EXERCISE - I (H.W)

1 = k | B | | C | Sin  and    k  2
6 R.H & L.H SYSTEM:
 AB  AC  1. If the Vector c, a = x i + yj + zk, b = j aree
 
42. Apply formula   AB  AC  such that a, c, b form R.H.S then c =
 
1) z i - xk 2) x i - zk 3) x j - yk 4) y j
a  b 2. The unit vector orthogonal to - i + k, 2 j - k
43. Required vector is 7 with coefficient of
ab and forming a right handed system with them
is.
j0
2i  j  2k
44. The equation of the two lines are 1) 2 i + j + 2k 2)
3
 r  b   a  0 and  r  a   b  0 2i  j  2k 2i  j  2k
3)  4) 
 r b  is parallel to a and  r a is parallel to 3 9
PROBLEMS ON VECTOR PRODUCT
b ,  r  b  pa , r  a  qb
3. If 2i  4 j  2k  2i  xj  5k 16i  6 j  2xk
For their of intersection we have identical values of
then the value of x is
r . p  q 1
1) 2 2) -2 3) 0 4) 3
Hence ,  r  a  b
4. If a  3i  j  2k , b  2i  3 j  k then
45. C  6, 4, 4  , A  2,1, 2  , B  3, 1, 4 
a  2b  2a  b 
CA  AB 1) 25i  35 j  55k 2) 25i  35 j  22k
AB 3)  25i  35 j  55k 4)  25i  35 j  55k
5. The value of
46. AB  BC


| b  BA  AC   b  b  c   b  c
i . i + | i x j| + j . j +| j x k| + k . k + |k x i| =
BC BC c b b c
1) 0 2) 2 3) 4 4) 6
1 6. The value of | i x j + j x k + k x i | =
47. [Link]  2 OA  OB
2
1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4) 5

66 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

PROPERTIES OF VECTOR PRODUCT VECTOR AREA, AREA

7. If |a|=2, |b|= 5and |(a x b)| =8, then a.b= 18. If G is centroid of PQR where
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10 GP  2 i  j  3k , GQ  i  j  2k then the
8. If |a| =3, |b|= 4 and a.b = 8 then |a  b|= area of triangle PQR is
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4)
80 3 35 35 5 35
1) 35 2) 3) 4)
9. Given that a  1,1,1 and c  0, 1,  1 . If 2 2 2
19. The Vector area of the triangle whose adjacent
a . b  3 and a  b  c then b =
sides are 2 i  3 j and  2 i  4 j is
1 1
1) 5i  2 j  2k  2) 5i  2 j  2k  1) 5k 2) 7k 3) 9k 4) 11k
3 3 20. The area of the triangle formed by the points
1 1 A(1,2,3) , B (2,3,1), C (3,1,2) is.
3) 5i  2 j  2k  4) 5i  2 j  2k 
3 4 3 3
1) 2) 3 3 3) 3 / 2 4) 3
 
10. a  i  j  k , a . b  1, a  b  j  k , then b = 2
21. If a, b, c are the vertices of a triangle ABC
1) i  j  k 2) 2 j  k 3) i 4) 2i
then |a x b + b x c + c x a | =
11. Let a and b be two unit vectors then a  b
will also be a unit vector if. 1) Area of the triangle ABC
2) Two times Area of the triangle ABC
1) a  b 2) a  b 3) a || b 4) a  mb, m  1
3) Three times Area of the triangle ABC
12. a = i + j, b=2 i-k & r x a = b x a , 4) Four times Area of the triangle ABC
r x b = a x b the r = 22. If a and b are such that |a| = 3, |b|=2,
1) - i + j + k 2) 3 i - j + k (a,b) =  /3 then the area of the triangle with
3) 3 i + j - k 4) i - j - k adjacent sides a + 2b and 2a + b in sq. units is
13. If a, b   then | 4a  5b  b  a |  9 3 9
1) 3 3 2) 9 3 3) 4)
1) 0 2) 19 | a | | b | 3) | a | | b | 4) 2 | a | | b | 2 2
14. If a  i  j  k , b  2i  3 j  k , then 23. If a = - i + k and b = 2 j - k are the adjacent
sides of a parallelogram then its vector area
a b b a is.
 
| a b | | b  a | 1) 2 i + j + 2k 2)  (2 i + j + 2k)
1) 0 2) 2i  j  2k 3) i  j  2k 4) i  2 j  k 3) 2 i - j + 2k 4) 2 i + j - 4k
15. If 3i   3i  4k    i  2 j   k  24. a  i  j  3k , b  2i  7 j  k . Area of
1) 2 i  11 j 2) 2 i  11 j parallogram whose adjacent sides are a , b is
3) 2 i  11 j 4) i  j  k 1) 15 2 2) 20 3) 350 4) 30
2 2
GEOMETRICALAPPLICATION OF
16.  a  b    a .b  =169 and a =13 then b = CROSS PRODUCT
1) 16 2) 8 3) 1 4) 12 25. The vector orthogonal to
17. If a  3i  5 j , b  6i  3 j are two vectors and a =2 i+ j-3k, b = i - 2 j + k and having
magnitude equal to 5 units is.
c is a vector such that c  a  b then
5 3 5 3
| a |:| b |:| c | = [AIEEE -2002 ] 1)  (i  j  k) 2)  (i  j  k)
3 3
1) 34 : 45 : 39 2) 34 : 45 : 39 5 3 5 3
3)  (i  j  k) 4)  ( i  j  k)
3) 34 : 39 : 45 4) 39 : 35 : 34 3 3

PINEGROVE 67
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

26. If the position Vectors of three points A,B,C 34. If u and v are unit vectors and  is the
are i+ j+k, 2i+3j-4k and 3i+2 j+k acute angle between them, then 2 u x 3v is a
respectively, then the unit vector unit vector for [AIE -2007]
perpendicular to the plane of the triangle ABC 1) Exactly two values of 
is 2) More than two values of 
5i  10 j  3k 5i  10 j  3k 3) No value of  4) Exactly one value of 
1) 2) 35. If i, j,k is an orthonormal system of vectors,
134 134
5i  10 j  3k 5i  10 j  3k a is a vector and a  i + 2a - 5 j = 0 then a =
3) 4)
134 134 1) 2 j+k 2) 2 j-k 3) 2i- j 4) 2i+ j
27. Given a  i  j  k , b   i  2 j  k and 36. If a  2i + 2 j + 3k , b  - i + 2 j + k and
c   i  2 j  k . A unit vector perpendicular to 17
c  3i  j  k then a  tb is parallel to c if
both a  b & b  c is 6
t is equalto
2i  j  k i  jk
1) 2) j 3) k 4) 4
6 3 1)  2) 6 3) -3 4) 2
7
28. The number of vectors of unit length
37. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors such that
Perpendicular to the Vectors a  (1,1,0)
and b  (0,1,1) is a  b  c , b  c  a , c  a  b ,then
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) Infinite a  2 b  3 c is equal to
29. The unit vector normal to the plane containing 1) 1 2) 0 3) 2 4) 3
a = i - j - k and b = i + j + k is 38. Let a , b , c be three vectors such that
j-k j+k i+ j a  b  c and c  a  b , then
1) j - k 2) 3) 4) 2
2 2 2 1) a . b  c
2
2) c . a  b
30. The sine of the angle between the vectors
2
3) b . c  a 4) a || b  c
i + 3j + 2k , and 2i - 4 j - k ,
1) 7/5 2) 5/7 3) 7/6 4) 6/7 39. Let a be a unit vector perpendicular to unit
31. If a and b are unit vectors and | a  b | = 1, vectors b and c and if the angle between b
and c is  , then b  c is
then the angle between a and b is
1)  /4 2)  /2 3)  /3 4)  1)  (cos  )a 2)  (cos ec ) a
32. If  is the angle between the vectors 3)  (sin  )a 4)  tan 
2i  2 j  4k and 3i  j  2k then Sin  = 40. If a × b = b × c then
[Eam-2000] 1) b = a × c 2) b | | a - c

2 2 2 2 3) b ||  a + c  4) b = a-c
1) 2) 3) 4)  
3 7 7 7 41. If a=2i- j+2k , then the value of
2 2 2
33. a  b  2, p  a  b, q  a  b, if a i  a  j  a  k =
2 1/ 2 1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 18
p  q  2  K  a.b  then K=
  42. If a,b,c are the position vectors of points lie
 
1) 16 2) 8 3) 4 4) 1 on a line then a x b + b x c + c x a =
1) 0 2) 0 3) 1 4) a

68 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

43. If the vectors a , b , c from the sides 10. verify options

11. a  b  1 , sin  a , b   1 ,  a , b   900
BC , CA, AB of ABC then
1) a . b  b . c  c . a  0 a b
2) a  b  b  c  c  a 12. r  a  b  3i  j  k

3) a . b  b . c  c . a 13. 4a  5b  b  a
4) a  b  b  c  c  a  0  20  a  b    a  b   19 a  b
44. Point of intersection of the lines r  a  b  a
 19 a b sin   0
and r  b  a  b is
1) a 2) b  a 3) a  b 4) a  b a  b (a  b )
14.  0
PHYSICALAPPLICATION OF CROSS a b a b
PRODUCT
15. Find Cross Product.
45. The moment about the point i  2 j  3k of a 2 2 2 2
16. Use a  b   a .b   a b
force represented by i  j  k acting through
17. c  a  b  39k
the point 2i  3 j  k is
18. Area of triangle PQR  3 (area of triangle
1) 3i  3 j 2) 3i  2 j  k
1
GPQ  3 GP  GQ
3) i  3 j 4) i  3 j  k 2
EXERCISE - I (H.W) - KEY 1
01) 1 02) 3 03) 2 04) 4 05) 4 06) 3 19.
2

AB  AC 
07) 2 08) 4 09) 1 10) 3 11) 2 12) 3
13) 1 14) 1 15) 1 16) 3 17) 2 18) 2 20. Equilateral triangle, with side = 6
19) 2 20) 1 21) 2 22) 3 23) 2 24) 1 3 2
25) 1 26) 2 27) 3 28) 2 29) 2 30) 2 Area =  side 
31) 2 32) 2 33) 1 34) 4 35) 1 36) 1 4
37) 2 38) 4 39) 3 40) 3 41) 4 42) 1 1 1
21.   AB  AC ,    b  a    c  b 
43) 2 44) 4 45) 1 2 2
EXERCISE - I (H.W) - HINTS 1
 a b  b c  c a
1. a , c , b in RHS, b , a , c in RHS , c  b  a 2
2  a  b  b  c  c  a
ab
2. ab 1
22.
2
 a  2b    2a  b 
3. Find a  b and compare coefficients
1 3
3  a  b   a  b
4.  a  2b    2a  b   5  a  b  2 2
5. 111111  6 23. Area = a  b
6. k i  j  3 24. Area = a  b
2 2 2 2
7.  a  b    a .b   a b 25. Find a  b , Verify

8.
2
 a  b    a .b 
2 2
 a b
2
 AB  AC 
26. 
9. Verify the options. AB  AC

PINEGROVE 69
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

x y  40. a  b    c  b  , a  c b  0
27. 
x  a  b, y  b  c unit vector = x  y 41. 2 a
2

a  b  42. Area of triangle = 0

28.  1
a b  ab  bc  ca  0
2
a  b  43. BC  CA  AB  0
29. 
a  b  a  b  c  0 , a b  0  c b  0
a  b  b  c similarly a  b  c  a
a b
30. sin   a b a b  b c  c a
44. The equation of the two lines are

31. a  b  1  sin  a , b   1 ,  a , b  
2
 r  b   a  0 and  r  a  b  0
a b  r b  is parallel to a
32. sin  a , b  
a b and  r  a  is parallel to b
2  r  b  p a , r  a  qb
33. Put p  q  2 2 4  p.q   For their of intersection we have identical values of r . ,
34. 2u  3v  1 , 6 uv 1 ,  p  q  1 Hence , r  a b

 
6 u v sin u, v  1   
45. Here , r  2i  3 j  k  i  2 j  3k 
1 1 F i jk
sin  
6
, sin  
6
 acute 

 has only one value

  
r  F  i  j  2k  i  j  k 
35. verification with options
i j k
a1 b 1 c1
36. (a+tb) is parallel to c , a  b  c  1 1 2  3i  3 j
2 2 2
1 1 1
37. a  b  c  1

 a  2 b  3 c  1 2  3  0 EXERCISE - II (C.W)
38. a  b  c and c  a  b
 c  a , b and b  c , a CROSS PRODUCT OF VECTORS
 a perpendicular to both b and c  a || b  c 1. Three vectors a , b , c are such that
1
a 
b c a  b  3  a  c  . Also a  b  1, c  . If
39. 3
b c
the angle between b and c is 60 , then
0

 b  c   b  c a   (sin  ) a 1) b  3c  a 2) b  3a  c
 b  c  sin   3) b  3c  2a 4) b  3c  2a
 

70 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

2. Let a , b , c be unit vectors such that GEOMETRICALAPPLICATION OF

CROSS PRODUCT
a . b  a . c  0 and the angle between b and
9. If a x b = c x d, a x c = b x d then

c is if a  n  b  c  , then value of n 1) a - d is parallel to b - c
6
is 2) a - b is parallel to c - d
1) 1 2)  2 3)  3 4) 0 3) a - c is parallel to b - d
3. If a  2 i  j  3k , b  pi  j  qk and 4) a + b is parallel to c + d
10. If a , b , c be three vectors such that
b  a  0 then
1) (p, q) = (2, 3) 2) (p, q) = (-2, -3) 1
a  b  c  1, c   (a  b ) and a  ,
3) (p, q) = (1, 2) 4) (p, q) = (-1, -2) 2
| a  b |2 1 1
4. If | a |  2, | b |  4 then  b  ,c  , then the angle between a
1  cos 2 a , b  3 6
1) 8 2) 2 3) 64 4) 32 and b is
5. Let a  2 i  k , b  i  j  k and    
1) 2) 3) 4)
c  4 i  3 j  7 k be three vectors. The 6 4 3 2
11. If a  b  c and b  c  a , then
vector which satisfies r  b  c  b and
r . a  0 is 1) a , b , c are orthogonal in pairs and a  c and
1) i  8 j  2k 2)  i  8 j  2k b 1

3)  i  8 j  2k 4) i  8 j  2k 2) a , b , c are orthogonal to each other

6. a b  a b b cb cc ac a  3) a , b , c are orthogonal in pairs that a  c
1) 2a  b  b  c  c  a  4) a , b , c are orthogonal but b  1
2)  2a  b  b  c  c  a  12. a + 2b + 3 c = 0 and
3) a  b  b  c  c  a  a x b + b x c + c x a =  (b x c) , then  =
4)  a  b  b  c  c  a  1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8
VECTOR AREA, AREA 13. Let a , b , c be three vectors satisfying
7. a, b are such that | a |  3 , | b | 2 and a b  2a  c , a  c  1, b  4 and
b  c  15 . If b  2c   a then  is
a , b   3 . Then the area of the triangle with
1) 1 2) -1 3) 2 4) 4
adjacent sides a  2b and 2a  b is 14. If  ,  are roots of the equation
1) 5 3 2) 15 3) 9/2 4) 15/2 x2  2x  5  0 and a      i   j ,
8. ABCD is a quadrilateral with
b   i      j   2   2  k t h e n
AB  a , AD  b , AC  2a  3b . If the area
of parallelogram ABCD is p times the area of a b 
the parallelogram with AB, AD as adjacent 1) i  12 j  12k 2) 30 i  12 j  5k
sides, then p is equal to
1) 5 2) 5/2 3) 1 4) 1/2 3) 30 i  12 j  21k 4) i  12 j  29k

PINEGROVE 71
CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

15. If x and y are two non-collinear vectors and 21. If a is a non zero vector and
ABC is a triangle with sides a, b, c satisfying
a.b  a.c, a  b  a  c , then
(20 a  15b) x  (15b  12c ) y  (12c  20 a )
1) a / /b 2) b  c 3) b  c 4) a  b and a  c
( x  y )  0 , then the triangle ABC is
1) an acute angle triangle 22. If a  b  b  c  c  a then a  b  c 
2) an obtuse angle triangle 1) 0 2) -1 3) 0 4) 2
3) a right angle triangle 4) an isosceles triangle PHYSICALAPPLICATIONS OF CROSS
16. The pairs a,b and c,d each determines a PRODUCT
plane. Then the planes are parallel if 23. A force F  2i   j  5k is applied at the point
      
1) a  c  b  d = 0 2) a  c . b  d = 0 A(1,2,5). If its moment about the point (-1,-
2,3) is 16i  6 j  2 k then  =
3)  a  b    c  d  = 0 4)  a  b  .  c  d  = 0 1) -2 2) -1 3) 0 4) 2
17. The vector equation of the line passing EXERCISE - II (C.W)- KEY
through the point i - 2 j + k and 01) 1 02) 2 03) 1 04) 3 05) 2 06) 2
perpendicular to the vectors 07) 3 08) 2 09) 1 10) 4 11) 1 12) 3
13) 4 14) 3 15) 3 16) 3 17) 3 18) 1
2 i - 3 j - k, i + 4 j - 2k is 19) 2 20)3 21) 2 22) 3 23) 1
1) r = ( i - 2 j + k) + t( i - 7 j + k)
EXERCISE - II (C.W)-HINTS
2) r = ( i - 2 j + k) + t(3 i + j - 3k)
1. a  b  3(a  c )  a  (b  3c )  0
3) r = ( i - 2 j + k) + t(10 i + 3 j + 11k)
 a || (b  3c )  0  a || b  3c
4) r  i
2 2
18. Equation of the plane containing the lines  b  3c   a  b  3c   2 a
r = ( i - 2 j + k) + t( i + 2 j - k), 2 2 2
 b  9 c  6 b . c    2 a
r = ( i + 2 j - k) + s( i + j + 3k) is
1
1) r .  7i  4 j  k   14 2) r . i  2 j  k   10  2  6  1 cos 600   2
3
3) r .  i  j  3k   20 4) r .  i  2 j  k   27 2. Given a . b  0 a is perpendicular to b .
19. A unit vector perpendicular to the lines
a . c  0  a is perpendicular to c
x 1 y  2 z 1 x 2 y  2 z 3
  and   is  a is perpendicular to the plane of b and c .
3 1 2 1 2 3
Also a is a unit vector..
i  7 j  7 k i  7 j  5k
1) 2) b c
99 5 3  a  .......... (1)
b c
i  7 j  5k 7i  7 j  k
3) 4)  1
5 3 99 But b  c  b c sin  1.1. .
6 2
20. a and c are unit vectors and b  4 with
 from (1) we have a  2 b  c   n   2 .
a  b  2a  c . The angle between a and c
p 1 q
1 1 3. b || a ,   , p  2, q  3
is cos   . Then b  2c   a , if  is 2 1 3
4
2 2
1 1 a b sin 2  a , b  2 2
1) 1 2) 3) 4 4)  4. a b
4 4 sin  a , b 
2

72 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

5. Verify 17. a  i  2 j  k , b  2i  3 j  k ,
6. Expand
1 c  i  4 j  2k , r  a  t b  c 
7.
2
 a  2b    2a  b  18. Verify options by substituting the points in the given
lines
1 3 3 
3  a  b   a  b  a b sin 19. Verify option with Dr’s of lines
2 2 2 3
20. Given, a  c  1 and b  4
1
8. AC  BD  p AB  AD
2 1
a .c  , b  2c   a , Squaring
4
9.  a  d    b  c   0 ,  a  d  ||  b  c 
21. a .(b  c )  0
10. Let  be the angle between a and b
a .(b  c )  0  a  b  c ........(i)
c   (a  b )  c  a , c  b
a  (b  c )  0  a  b  c ........(ii)
 c .a  c .b  0
b  c
1 1 1
2
a  b  c  1     2 a b cos   1
2 3 6
  23. moment = OA  F


=  20  2  i  6 j   2  8  k
 cos   0   
2
11. a  b  c , b  c  a
EXERCISE - II-(H.W)
CROSS PRODUCT OF VECTORS
 a  b  c  a  b  c 1 1. The vector c is perpendicular to both a =
12. pa  qb  rc  0 (1,-2,1), b = (2,1,-1) and c also satisfies

 pqr  |c × ( i - j + k)| = 2 6 then c =

 a b b c  c a    b  c 
 p  i  3 j  5k
1)  2) ± (-4 i + 5 j + k)
2
13. If angle between b & c is  and b  c  15
3) ± ( i + j + k) 4) ± 2( i + j + k)
15 1 2. If a vector r satisfies the equation
b c sin   15  sin    cos  
4 4 r  ( i  2 j  k )  i  k , then r is equal to
 a  b  2a  c  a b  2c   0 1) i  3 j  k 2) 3i  7 j  3k
 b  2c   a  b  2c   a 3) k  t ( i  2 j  k ) where t is any scalar
14.     2,   5 4) 2i  (t  3) j  5k where t is any scalar
2
 2   2       2 3. The vectors perpendicular to i  j  k in the
15. Since x , y x  y are non-coplanar vectors. plane of i  j  k and  i  j  k are
 20 a  15b  0,15b  12c  0,12c  20 a  0 1) 2i  j  k 2) 4 i  2 j  2k
4a  3b, 5b  4c and 3c  5a 3) 4 i  2 j  2k 4) all the above
a b c 4. If a  b  c  d and a  c  b  d , then
      say 
3 4 5
1)  a  d     b  c  2) a  d   (b  c )
 a  3 , b  4 , c  5 , c 2  a 2  b 2
16. Definition of cross product. 3) a  b   (c  d ) 4) a  b  c  d  0

PINEGROVE 73
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

VECTOR AREA, AREA 12. A unit vector making an obtuse angle with
5. The area of the parallelogram is 4 29 sq.u. x-axis and perpendicular to the plane
containing the points
If one of adjacent side is 3i  4 j then the other
i  2 j  3k , 2 i  3 j  4k and i  5 j  7 k
side is
also makes an obtuse angle with
1) i  4k 2) 2i  4k 3)  2 j  4k 4) 2i  4k 1) y-axis 2) z-axis
6. The area of the parallelogram whose adjacent 3) both y and z axes 4) both x and y axes
sides are a and b is 2 10 [Link]. If PHYSICALAPPLICATIONS OF CROSS
PRODUCT
a  3i  2 j  k then b 
13. Forces 2i  7 j , 2i  5 j  6k , i  2 j  k act at a
1) 2 i  3 j  k 2) i  j  2k
point P whose position vector is 4i  3 j  2k .
3) 3i  3 j  k 4) 3i  k
The vector moment of resultant of three forces
GEOMETRICALAPPLICATION OF
acting at P about the point Q, whose position
CROSS PRODUCT
7. If A (1, 2, 3), B ( 2, 3, 1), C (3, 1, 2) then the vector is 6i  j  3k
length of the altitude through C is 1) 24i  13 j  4k 2) 24i  13 j  4k
1) 3 2) 3 3 3) 3 2 4) 3 / 2
3) 24i  13 j  4k 4) 24i  13 j  4k
8. The angle between two diagonals of the
parallelogram with Vectors 2i + j and k - 2 j
EXERCISE - II-(H.W)-KEY
as adjacent sides is. 01) 1 02) 1 03) 4 04) 2 05) 4 06) 4
1)  /2 2)  /6 3)  /3 4)  /4 07) 4 08) 1 09) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 2 13) 3
9. If p, q are two non-collinear and non-zero EXERCISE - II-(H.W)-HINTS
vectors such that 1. Verify options
(b - c) p  q + (c - a)p + (a - b)q = 0
2. Let r  xi  yj  zk
where a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of
triangle then the triangle is  ( xi  yj  zk )  ( i  2 j  k )  i  k
1) right angled 2) obtuse angled
i j k
3) equilateral 4) isosceles
10. If the position vectors of the three points  x y z  i k
A,B,C, are i + j + k, 2 i + 3 j - 4k and 1 2 1
7 i + 4 j + 9k , then the unit vector  i ( y  2 z )  j ( x  z )  k (2 x  y )  i  k
perpendicular to the plane of the triangle ABC On comparing z  x, y  2 x  1
is
1) (31 i - 38 j - 9k) / 2486 2) (31 i - 38 j + 9k) / 2486  r  xi  (2 x  1) j  xk ............. (1)
For x = 1 x = 3
3) (31 i - 38 j - 9k) / 2486 4) (31 i + 38 j + 9k)/2486
r  i  3 j  k and r  3i  7 j  3k
11. If a  i  j , b  2 j  k & r  a  b  a ,
Also (1)  r  j  x( i  2 j  k ) or
r
r  b  a  b, then r
 r  j  t ( i  2 j  k ) where t is scalar..
3. Verify
1 1 4. Add two equations and subtract two equations.
1)
11
i 3j  k  2)
13

i jk  Apply distributive law.
1 1 5.  3i  4 j   a  4 29 Verification
3)
11
i 3j k  4)
13

i j k 

74 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

6. Area of the parallelogram = a  b . Verify option 3. Given a  b  1 and a  b  3 . If c be

CA  CB a vector such that c  a  2b  3  a  b  , then

7. c . b is equal to
AB
1 1 3 5
8. Diagonals are a  b & b  a 1)  2) 3) 4)
2 2 2 2
9. p  q is perpendicular to both p and q then p, q 4. A = 2 i + k, B = i + j + k
p  q are non coplanar and C = 4 i - 3 j + 7k , then the Vector R
 (b-c) p  q+(c-a) p+(a-b)q = 0 satisfying the conditions R x B = C x B and
b-c=0, c-a =0, a-b=0  a=b=c R.A = 0
AB AC 1) (-1, -8, 2) 2) (1,-8,-2) 3) (-2,8,4) 4) (1,0,-2)
 5. Let a   i  k , b   i  j and
10. AB AC
c  i  2 j  3k be three given vectors. If r
       (
11. Given r  a  r  b  b  a  a  b b y is a vecor such that r  b  c  b and r .a  0

adding)   b  a    b  a   0 then r . b 
1) -7 2) 9 3) -8 4) 5
 r   a  b   0  r parallel to  a  b  6. If r  b  c  b , r .a  0, a  2 i  3 j  k ,
12. Let the given points be A, B and C respectively. b  3i  j  k , c  i  j  3k then r 
The unit vectors perpendicular to the plane
1
containing A, B and C are given by 1)
2
i  j  k  
2) 2 i  j  k 
AB  AC 1
    i  4 j  3k  1
AB  AC 26 
3) 2 i  j  k  2
i  j  k 
4)

Here coefficient of k  0 7. If a and b are unit vectors and c satisfies

 It makes obtuse angle with z-axis. 2(a  b )  c  b  c then the maximum value
13. F  3i  4 j  5k of  a  c  . b is
r  OP  OQ  2i  4 j  k , M  r  F 1) 1/2 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3
8. If a and b are vectors such that
EXERCISE - III a  b  29 and
1. If a and b are vectors in space given by
a   2 i  3 j  4k    2 i  3 j  4k   b then
i 2j 2 i  j  3k
a , b then value of possible value of
5 14
 a  b . 7i  2 j  3k  is
 
 2a  b  .  a  b   a  2b  is 1) 0 2) 3 3) 4 4) 8
9. P and Q are the mid-points of the non-parallel
1) 4 2) 5 3) 5 4) 0 sides BC and AD of a trapezium ABCD, then
2.  r .i  r  i    r . j  r  j    r .k  r  k    APD 
1) 2  CQB 2) 1/ 2  CQB
1) 3r 2) r 3) 0 4) 5r
3)  CQB 4) 4  CQB

PINEGROVE 75
CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

10. If a  i  j  k and b  3i  4 j and 16. If A1, A2,.....,An are the vertices of a regular
plane polygon with n sides and O is the centre
a  b  xi  yj  sin  k then  x, y,   n 1

 n  
then   OA  OA  
i 1
i i 1

1)  4,3, n   1 , n  Z 
 2  1) (n + 1) (OA 2 × OA1 )
 n   2) ( (n + 1) (OA 2 × OA1 )
2)  4, 3, n    1 , n Z 
 2 
3) (n - 1) (OA1 × OA 2 )
 n  
3)  3, 4, n   1 , n  Z  4) (n - 1) (OA 2 × OA1 )
 6 
17. For any four points P, Q, R, S,
 n  
4)  3, 4, n   1 , n  Z  PQ  RS  QR  PS  RP  QS is equal to 4
 2 
times the area of the triangle
11. Given a  mb  nc  0 . The value of 1) PQR 2) QRS 3) PRS 4) PQS
a  b  b  c  c  a is 0 then 18. A non-zero vector a is parallel to the line of
1) m  n  1 2) m  n  1 intersection of the plane determined by the
3) m  mn  1 4) m  2n  1 vectors i , i  j and the plane determined by
12. Let u = i + j, v = i - j, w = i + 2 j + 3k . If the vectors i  j , i  k . The angle between
n is a unit vector such that a and i  2 j  2k is
u . n = 0, v . n = 0 then | w . n| =
   
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 1) 2) 3) 4)
4 3 6 2
13. Let a (2,1,  1), b (1, 2,1), c (2, 1,3) and 19. Let A(0, 0, 0), B(1, 1, 1), C(3, 2, 1) and
d (3,  1, 2) be four vectors. The projection of D(2, 3, 1) be four points. The angle between
the vector a  c on the vector (b  d )  c is the planes through the points A, B, C and
through the points A, B, D is
1) 2 2) 3 3) 6 4) 7
   
14. Let a , b be two non collinear unit vectors. If 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 6 4 3
  a   a . b  b ,   a  b then 20. In a ABC , A  30 , H is the orthocentre
0

2 and D is the mid point of BC . Segment HD is

1)    2)    produced to T such that HD=DT. Then the ratio
2
3)    4)   2  AT
equals to ;
BC
15. Consider the parallopiped with sides
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 3:2 4) 2:3
a  3i  2 j  k , b  i  j  2k and EXERCISE - III - KEY
c  i  3 j  3k , then angle between a and the 01) 3 02) 3 03) 4 04) 1 05) 2 06) 3
07) 3 08) 3 09) 3 10) 2 11) 2 12) 4
plane containing the face determined by b and 13) 3 14) 1 15) 3 16) 3 17) 2 18) 1
c is 19) 4 20) 2

1 1 1 9 EXERCISE - III-HINTS
1) sin 2) cos
3 14 1.  a  b    a  2b   b  2a, a.b  0
1 9 1 2
3) sin 4) sin 2 2
14 3  2a  b .b  2a   4 a  b  4a .b
76 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

2. put r  xi  y j  zk  r.i  x so on  29    29    1
2 1 1 1
3. a b  3 , a b  3  a .b  9.  APD  AP  AD ,  CQB  CQ  CB
2 2 2
Now, c  a  2b  3(a  b ) 10. Definition of linearly independent vectors.
11. a  b  n  b  c  , c  a  m  b  c 
 (c  a  2b ) . b  3( a  b ) . b 
u v
 c . b  a . b  2(b . b )  0 12. n  u  v
1 5
 c . b   2 1  0  c . b  13. We have b  d  2 i  3 j  k and
2 2
4. R  C  B  0 , R  C || B , R  C   B c  2 i  j  3k
 p  (b  d )  c  4(2i  j  k ) ,  p 4 6
C . A
R. A  0    If q  a  c , then q . p  24
A.B
So, the projection of q on p is
5. r  c b  0 , r  c   b .............(1)
p.q 24
  6
ac
. p 4 6
r.a  a.c   a.b , r  c  ab
.
b
2 2 2 2
14.  2  a  b  a b  a . b
a.c  2  4
from (1)  r.b  c.b   b   1   2  9  1  cos 2   sin 2 
a.b   1
2 2 2 2 2
6. r  c || b  r  c  tb   a   a . b  b   2  a . b 

 
r.a  c.a  t a.b  t  1  r  c  b  1  cos 2   2 cos 2   1  cos 2   sin 2 

7.   
2(a  b )  c  b  c
Let c  1 a   2b   3 (a  b ) 15. b  c  3i  j  2k . Let  be angle between

 2( a  b )  1 a   2b   3 ( a  b )  and plane containing and then


b   1a    b   3  a  b  
 2(a  b )  1 a  2b  3 (a  b ) 
 1 ( a  b )   3 ( a  ( a .b )b )
16. ...
 2   3  1 ; 1   3 ,  2   ( a .b ) 3
+
1   3  1,  2  a . b
 ( a  b ).c  ( a  b ).(  a  ( a . b )b  a  b )
2 2 2
 0  0  a b  a b sin 2 

[Link] = 1 , ( sin 2   1)

8.  a  b    2i  3 j  4k   0
 a  b    2i  3 j  4k 

PINEGROVE 77
 CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

20. Let O be the circumcentre being selected as origin

of reference and

has the position vector

17. Let be the position vectors of points
P, Q, R and S respectively. Then,
so,

EXERCISE - IV

1. Mathch the following

Column-I Column-II

I. Unit vector a)
perpendicular to
the plane of
area of
18. Let be the vectors normal to the planes II. Unit vector perpendicular b)
determined by and to the plane determined
respectively. Then and by the points (1, -1, 2),
(2, 0, -1), (0,2,1)

Since is parallel to the line of intersection of the III. Vector perpendicular c)

planes determined by and to the plane of
. Therrefore,

IV. Vector of length 5 and d)

perpendicular to both

Let be the angle between and . 1) a,c,d,b 2) b,a,d,c 3) a,d,c,b 4) d,c,b,a

Then, 2. Arrange the following in ascending order
A) if =2

B) if

C) if =2, =4, =
19. Let and be the vectors normal to the planes D) if =5, =6, =24
ABC and ABD respectively. 1) B,A,C,D 2) D,A,C,B
3) C,B,A,D 4) B,C,A,D

78 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV CROSS PRODUCT

3. Assertion (A): Three points with position 6. Statement-1: The perpendicular distance from
(1, 4, -2) to the line joining (2, 1, -2), (0, -5,
vectors are collinear if
1) is .
Reason (R): Three points A, B, C are
Statement-2: The perpendicular distance from
collinear iff , where t is scalar.. a point P to the line joining the points A, B is
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
2) Both A and R are individually true and R is not
the correct explanation of A
1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
3) A is true but R is false
statement-2 is a correct explanation for
4) A is false but R is true statement-1.
4. Let . 2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
Statement-1: The identity statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
statement-1.
holds for . 3) statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
4) statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
Statement-2: [EAM -2007]
7. Statement-1: The torque about the point
, of a force represented by
. acting through the point is
1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1. Statement-2: The torque of a force about
2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true, a point P is where is the vector from
statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
the point P to any point on the line of action
statement-1.
3) statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false L of .
4) statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true 1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
5. Statement-1: If vertices of a triangle ABC statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1.
are then length of 2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
statement-1.
altitude through A is 3) statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
4) statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
Statement-2: Area of triangle is 8. Let the vectors and
represent the sides of a regular hexagon.
Statement-I :
1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
Statement-II: and
statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1. . Then
2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true, 1) I is true, II is true and II is correct explanation of
statement-2 is not a correct explanation for I
statement-1. 2) I is true, II is true and II is not correct explanation
3) statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false of I
4) statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true 3) I is true, II is false 4) I is false, II is true

PINEGROVE 79
CROSS PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

9. Asserition(A): If and Statement-II: If are two unit vectors

then is parallel to
then is maximum when is
Reason (R): If cross product of two non-zero
minimum
vectors is zero vector then those two vectors
are parallel 1) only I is true 2) Only II is true
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct 3) Both I and IIare true
explanation of A 4) Neither I nor II are true
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct EXERCISE - IV - KEY
explanation of A 01) 4 02) 3 03) 1 04) 1 05) 1 06) 1
3) A is true but R is false 07) 1 08) 3 09) 1 10) 3 11) 3 12) 2
4) A is false but R is true
EXERCISE - IV - HINTS
10. Statement-I: Let be position vector of point
1. Find values
P and Let the line passing through the point A
with position vector and parallel to the 2. By using definition of cross product.
vector then perpendicular distance from P 3. ,

to a line is

Statement-II: Vector equation of the line

passing through two points A and B with 4.
position vector is

similarly find and

Which of the above is / are True
1) only I is true 5. Area of triangle
2) only II is true
3) both I and II true 6. The perpendicular distance from a point P to the
4) neitehr I nor II are true
11. Asserition(A): A vector perpendicular to both line joining the points A, B is
and is
Reason (R): Every vector perpendicular to 7. .
plane containing is equal to
8. not parallel to
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true but R is not correct
explanation of A
,since not parallel to
3) A is true but R is false
4) A is false but R is true
9.
12. Statement-I: If are two unit vectors
14.
. Then is maximum when
is maximum 12. Use definitions of

80 PINEGROVE
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT

 If [a b c ]  0 then vectors a , b , c are
SYNOPSIS non-coplanar
 If a , b , c are coplanar then
 The dot Product of the vector a  b with the vector
i) [a  b b  c c  a ]  0
c is a scalar triple product of the three vectors
a , b , c and it is written as (a  b ).c ii) a  b b  c c  a are coplanar
It is a scalar quantity. We write it as [ a b c ] and  If a  b  c  0 then a , b , c are coplanar
read as box of a , b , c .  a , b , c are three vectors then a  b , b  c , c  a
are coplanar
 (a  b ).c  a .(b  c ) i.e., dot and cross can be
 Volume :
interchanged in a scalar triple product.
The volume of the parallelopiped
 a b c   b c a   c a b   i) with a , b , c as coterminus edges is
 b a c    c b a    a c b   a b c  cubic units
 If i , j , k is orthogonal unit vector triad then ii) with A,B,C,D as vertices of coterminus edges is
     
i) i j k  j k i  k i j  1 AB AC AD cubic units.
ii)  j i k   k j i   i k j   1  The volume of tetrahedron
 If a , b , c are three mutually perpendicular vectors i) with a , b , c as Coterminus edges is

then [ a b c ] =  a b c 1
a b c  cubic units.
6 
 If a   a1 , a2 , a3  = a1 i  a2 j  a3 k
1
b   b1 , b2 , b3  = b1 i  b2 j  b3 k
ii) with A,B,C,D as vertices is
6

AB AC AD 
cubic units.
c  (c1 , c2 , c3 )  c1 i  c2 j  c3 k , then  The centroid of tetrahedron divides the line joining
a1 a2 a3 any vertex to the centroid of its opposite face in
the ratio 3:1
a b c   b1 b2 b3  The volume of the triangular prism whose adjacent
c1 c2 c3 sides are represented by the vectors a , b and c
 a b c   0 if a  b or b  c or c  a or at
is
1
a b c  cubic units.
least one vector is null vector, or atleast two of 2
the three vectors are collinear, or a , b , c are  If a , b , c are three vectors, l , m, n are three real
coplanar.
 
numbers, then la mb nc  lmn a b c .  
 The four points A, B, C , D are coplanar
 For any three vectors a , b and c and  scalar

 AB AC AD  0 . 
 a b c    a b c    a b  c    a b c 
 a , b , c is a vector triad in a right handed system,
 a b c 0   If l , m , n are three non-coplanar vectors and

 a , b , c is a vector triad in a left handed a  a1l  a2 m  a3n , b  b1l  b2 m  b3n ,


system,  a b c  0 .  c  c1l  c2 m  c3n , then

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a1 a2 a3   a b c   d     a b c     a b d 
 
a b c  b1 b2 
b3 l m n  where  &  are scalars.
c1 c2 c3  Three nonparallel planes :
 If a , b , c and d are coplanar points then r .a  p1 , r .b  p2 , r .c  p3 represents three
planes in normal form then
a b c   b c d  c a d  a b d  i) The planes intersect at the point
 i) a  b b  c c  a   2a b c 
p1  b  c   p2  c  a   p3  a  b 
ii) a  b b  c c  a   0 r , where
 a b c 
a .l b .l c .l
 1) a b c l m n   a .m b .m c .m a b c   0 .

ii) The planes intersect along a line if  a b c   0 ,

a .n b .n c .n

a .a a .b a .c p1  b  c   p2  c  a   p3  a  b   0 ,
2
 a b c   b .a b.b b .c iii) The planes form a triangular prism if
2) 
c .a c .b c .c a b c   0, p1  b  c   p2  c  a   p3  a b   0
 Vector equation of a plane :  Skew Lines : If two straight lines in space do
i) Vector equation of a plane passing through three not intersect and are also not parallel, then the two
lines are called Skew lines.
non-collinear points having position vectors a, b
 In other words, the two skew lines are not
and c is r  a b  a c  a  0 or  coplanar.
 l and m are two skew lines. If P is a point on l
r .(b  c  c  a  a  b )  a b c  
and Q is a point on m such that PQ  l and
 r b c    r c a    r a b    a b c 
PQ  m , then PQ is called the shortest distance
ii) A unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing
three non-collinear points and PQ is called the shortest distance line
( a  b )  (b  c )  ( c  a ) between the skew lines l, m .
a , b , c is  a b  b c  c a  The lines r  a  sb and r  c  td intersect
iii) The length of the perpendicular from the origin 
each other  a  c b d  0 
to the plane containing three  The shortest distance between the skew lines
 a b c  r  a  sb and r  c  td is
non-collinear points a , b , c is a b b c  c a
 Vector equation of a plane passing through a given
a  c b d 
 a c  .
b d
b d or b d .
point with position vector a and
parallel to b , c is [r  a b c ]  0 (or)  Let the position vectors of A,B,C,D are
  
rb c  ab c  a , b , c , d .Then the shortest distance between
 Vector equation of a plane passing through the AC AB CD 
points a, b and parallel to c is two lines AB,CD is
AB  CD
r  a b a c  0   Reciprocal system of vectors :
 Vector equation of a plane passing through origin
i) If a , b , c be any three non-coplanar vectors
and the points b , c is r b c  0 .  
82 PINEGROVE
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 
such that a b c  0, then the three vectors W.E-4: If i  2 j , 3 j  k and i  3 j are coplanar,,
a1, b1, c1 defined by , then  is equal to [Eam-2006]
Sol: Given i  2 j , 3 j  k and i  3 j are coplanar,,
b c c a a b
a1  , b1  , c1 
 a b c   a b c   a b c  1 2 0
are called the reciprocal system of vectors to the 0 3 1 0
then
given vectors a , b , c respectively..  3 0
b c a.  b  c 
1
ii) a.a  a. a b c   a b c   1 also 3
   
 3  2     0    
2
b .b1  c .c1  1 . W.E-5: Let a  j  k and c  i  j  k Then, the
iii) a .b1  a .c1  b .a1  b .c1  c .a1  c .b1  0 vector b satisfying a  b  c  0 and
 1 a .b  3 , is
c1  
1 (AIE-2010)
iv)  a b1
  a b c 
 Sol :We have, a  b  c  0
 
W.E-1: Let a,b,c be distinct non-negative numbers.  a  a  b   a  c  0
If the vectors ai  aj  ck , i  k and
  a .b  a   a .a  b  a  c  0
ci  cj  bk lie in a plane then c is the
 3a  2b  a  c  0  2b  3a  a  c
Sol: Since the vectors are lie in a plane.
 2b  3 j  3k  2 i  j  k  2 i  2 j  4k
a a c
2  b   i  j  2k
1 0 1  0  c  ab
c c b
W.E-6: Let a  i  j , b  j  k , c  k  i . If d

c is the G.M. of ab. is a unit vector such that a .d  0  b c d  ,

W.E-2: The volume (in cubic unit) of the then d is (are)
tetrahedron with edges
Sol :Let d  d1 i  d 2 j  d3 k
i  j  k , i  j  k and i  2 j  k is
[EAM-2007] a .d  0  d1  d 2  0
Sol :We know that, volume of tetrahedron  d1  d 2 _____ (1)
1 1 1 d  1  d12  d 22  d32  1 ______ (2)
1 1 2
  a b c   1 1 1 
6   6 3 0 1 1
1 2 1
b c d   0  1 0 1  0
W.E-3: If the volume of parallelopiped with
d1 d2 d3
coterminus edges 4 i  5 j  k ,  j  k and
3i  9 j  pk is 34 cubic units, then p= [E-2006]  1 d3  d1   1 d 2   0  2d1  d 3  0 __ (3)
Sol : Coterminus edges of a parallelopiped are Using (1) (2) and (3)
4i  5 j  k ,  j  k and 3i  9 j  pk 1 2
d1  d 2   , d3  
4 5 1 6 6
 0 1 1  34 1
Volume of parallelopiped = 34
3 9 p d  
6
 i  j  2k 
 4   p  9   5  3  1 3  34  p  13

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C.U.Q 11. If a, b and c are mutually perpendicular unit

1. Which of the following is meaningless. 
vectors, then a b c  
1) (u  v ).( w  y ) 2) (u  v )  ( w  y ) 1) 0 2) -1 3) 1 4)  1
3) (u .v ) ( w  y ) 4) (u .v )  ( w  y ) C.U.Q - KEY
2. Which of the following are meaningful. 01) 4 02) 1 03) 2 04) 3 05) 1 06) 1
1) a .(b  c ) 2) (a .b ).c 3) a .(b .c ) 4) 1 or 3 07) 4 08) 1 09) 1 10) 3 11) 3

 a b c 
 EXERCISE - I (C.W)
3.
 b a c 
1. If a  i  2 j  3k , b  2 i  j  k ,
1) 1 2) -1 3) 2 4) 3
4. If p, q , r are any three vectors. Which of the c  i  3 j  2k then a .  b  c 
following statement is not true ? 1) 10 2) -10 3) -20 4) 20
1) ( q  r ). p  p.( q  r ) 2) ( p  q ).r  p.( q  r ) 2.  a  2b  c  . a  b    a  b  c  
3) ( p  q ).r  ( q  p ).r
4) ( p  q ).r represents the volume of the 1)   a b c  2) 2  a b c  3) 3  a b c  4) 0
Parallelopiped with coterminus edges p, q , r 3.  i j k    j k i    k i j  
5.  i  j k     i  j k    i  k k    i k j    j i k    k j i 
1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) 2 1) 1 2) 2 3) 6 4) 0
6. If a , b , c are the sides of a triangle ABC then
4. If  a  2b 2b  c 5c  a   k  a b c 
 a b c   then k =
1) 0 2) 1 3) - 1 4) 2 1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 12
7. If a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors, then 5. If a  2 i  j , b  4 j  k , c  3k
a .(b  c ) b .a  c  then  2a  b  c  .  b  2c   c
 
(c  a ).b c .a  b  1) 48 2) 28 3) -28 4) -48
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 0
6. If  i  4 j  6 k 2 i  aj  3 k i  2 j  3 k  18
8. If x.a  0, x.b  0, x.c  0 for some non-zero
then a =
vector x , then
1) -4 2) 4 3) 4 4) 1
 
1) a b c  0  
2) a b c  0
7. The vectors i  4 j  6k , 2 i  4 j  3k and
3) a b c   1 4) a b c   2
i  2 j  3k form
9. If r .a  0, r .b  0, r .c  0 where a , b , c are 1) right handed system 2) left handed system
non-coplanar, then 3) cannot be decide 4) orthonormal triad
1) r  0 2) r is perpendicular to (a  b ) 8. If u , v , w are three non coplanar vectors then
3) r is perpendicular to (b  c )  u  v  w . u  v   v  w 
4) r is perpendicular to (c  a ) 1) 0 2) u .  v  w 
10. I : No two skew lines intersects.
II : No two skew lines are parallel. 3) u .  w  v  4) 3u .  v  w 
Which of above is correct. 9. a , b and c are mutually perpendicular unit
1) only I 2) only II
3) Both I and II 4) Neither I nor II vectors then  a b c  
1) 0 2) -1 3) 1 4) 1
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19. The vector equation of the plane passing

10. If  a b c   1 then
through the points i  2 j  k , 3k  2 j and
a.b  c  b . c  a  c a  b  parallel to the vector 2i  j  k is
 
 c  a  .b  a  b  .c  b  c  .a 1)  r  i 2 j  k  3k 2 j 2 i  j k  0
1) 3 2) 1 3) -1 4) 0
11. The volume of parallelo piped whose 2) r  i 2 j k  i 2k 2i  j k 0
coterminus edges are i  j , 2i  j  k ,
i  j  3k is

3) r  i 2 j k  2k 2 j i 3 j k 0
1) 3 2) -2 3) 9 4) -4
4) r  i 2 j k   i 2k i 3 j k 0
12. The volume of a parallelopiped whose edges
20. The vector equation of the plane passing
are represented by 12i   k , 3 j  k and
through i  j  k and parallel to the
2 i  j  15k is 546 then  
vectors 2 i  3 j  k , i  2 j  3k is
1) -3 2) -2 3) 2 4) 3
13. If  a b c   4 then the volume of the 1) r  i  j k  2i 3 j k i 2 j 3k 0
parallelopiped with coterminus edges 2)  r 2 i 3 j k i  2 j  5 k   0
a  2b , 2b  c , 3c  a is (in cu units)
1) 32 2) -32 3) 8 4) 12 3) r  i  j  k  i  2 j 2k j  2k  0
14. Volume of the tetrahedron with vertices at
4)  r i  2 j  2 k j  2 k   0
 0, 0, 0  , 1, 0, 0  ,  0,1, 0  and  0, 0,1 is
21. The equation of the plane passing through the
(cu units) point with position vector a and
1 1 1 1 perpendicular to b is
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 4 3 2
15. If the volume of the tetrahedron with edges 1) r .  a  b   0 2) r  a  b

2i  j  k , i  aj  k and i  2 j  k is one 3) r  b  a 4)  r  a  . b  0
cubic unit then a = 22. The perpendicular distance from origin to the
1) 1 2) -2 3) 2 4) -1 plane passing through the points
16. If b  c c  a a  b    a b c  then k 
k 2 i  2 j  k , 3i  2 j  k , 3i  j  2k is

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 12 25 10 15
1) 2) 3) 4)
17. The volume of tetrahedron with edges 30 110 60 187
23. The distance between the line
i  j j k k i
1) 1 2) 1/ 6 3) 3 4) 1/ 3 r  2 i  2 j  3k    i  j  4k  and the
18. The vector equation of the plane passing plane r .  i  5 j  k   5 is
through the points
10 3 10 10
1, 2,5 ,  0, 5, 1 and  3,5, 0  is 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 10 3 3 9
1) r   i  2 j  5k   5i  k  3i  5 j   0 24. The shortest distance between the lines
r  i  2 j  3k  s  2 i  3 j  4k  and
2) r  5i  k  3i  5 j   0
r   2 i  4 j  5k   t  3i  4 j  5k  is
3) r   i 2 j 5k   i 3 j 6k 4 i 7 j 5k   0
1 1 1 1
4)  r  i  3 j  6k  4 i  7 j  5k   0 1) 2) 3) 4)
6 6 3 3

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25. The lines r  a  tb , r  c  sd are 9.  a b c    a b c 10.  a b c   1

coplanar if
11. V   a b c  cu. units
1)  a  b  .c  d  0 2)  a  c  .b  d  0
1
3)  b  c  .a  d  0 4)  b  d  .a  c  0 12. V   a b c  cu. units
6
26. If a , b , c are three non coplanar vectors
1 2 0
b c c a a b 0 2 1  a b c 
p , q , r 13.
 a b c   a b c   a b c  1 0 3
then
1
14. V  OA OB OC  cubic units
 2a3b 4c  . p   2b 3c 4a  .q   2c 3a4b  . r  6 
1) -6 2) 6 3) 3 4) -3 1
EXERCISE - I (C.W) - KEY 15. V  OA OB OC  cu. units
6 
01) 3 02) 3 03) 4 04) 4 05) 4 06) 2
2
07) 2 08) 2 09) 4 10) 1 11) 3 12) 1 16. b  c c  a a  b    a b c 
13) 2 14) 1 15) 2 16) 2 17) 2 18) 3
19) 2 20) 1 21) 4 22) 2 23) 3 24) 2 1
17. V   i  j j  k k  i  cu. units
25) 2 26) 2 6
18. V   r  a b  a c  a   0
EXERCISE - I (C.W) - HINTS
19. V   r  a b  a c   0
1 2 3
 a b c   2 1 1 20. V   r  a b c   0
1.
1 3 2 21. r . a  r . b

1 2 1  a b c 
1 1 0  a b c  22.
2. a b  b c  c a
1 1 1
ax1  by1  cz1  d
 i j k    j k i    k i j   1 23. D 
3. a 2  b2  c2
 i k j    j i k    k j i   1  a  c b d 
24. S .D. 
1 2 0 2 1 1 b d
0 2 1  a b c  0 1 2  a b c  25.  a  c b d    a  c  .b  d  0
4. 5.
1 0 5 0 0 1
26. a . p  b .q  c .r  1
1 4 6
2 a 3  18 EXERCISE - I (H.W)
6. 7.  a b c   0
1 2 3 1.  2 i  3 j  k  .  i  j  2k    2 i  j  k 
1) -14 2) 14 3) -12 4) 12
1 1 1
1 1 0 u v w
2.  a  b .b  c    a  b  c 
8.
0 1 1 1) 0 2)   a b c  3) 2  a b c  4)  a b c 

86 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

 i j k    j k i    i k j   14. The volume of the tetrahedron with edges

3.
1) 1 2) -1 3) 3 4) 10 i  j  k , i  j  k , i  2 j  k is (in cu units)
a  b b  c c  a  3 1 2
 1) 2 2) 3) 4)
4. If  a b c   0 then 2 3 3
a b c 
15. The volume of the tetrahedron whose
1) 1 2) -1 3) 2 4) -3
vertices are  2,1,1 , 1, 1, 2  ,  0,1, 1 and
5. If a , b , c are non coplanar vectors and
 a  2 b  c . a  b    a  b  c   1, 2  1 is (in cu. units)
1 2 8 5
  a b c  then  = 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 3 3 3
1)3 2) 2 3) 7 4) 8
6. If a  2 i  3 j , b  i  j  k , 16. If a , b , c are vectors such that  a b c   4

c  3i   j  2k and  a b c   1 then   then  a  b b  c c  a  is

1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 1) 16 2) 64 3) 4 4) 8
7. The vectors 2 i  3 j  2k , 2 i  j  4k , 17. The value of  i  j j  k k  i  is
3i  2 j forms 1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) 2
1) right handed system 2) left handed system 18. The equation of the plane passing through the
3) cannot be decide 4) orthonormal triad
points A   2,3, 1 , B   4,5, 2  ,
8. If a , b and c are three non-coplanar vectors
C   3,6,5 is

then  a  b  c  .  a  b    a  c   1) 3 x  9 y  4 z  25  0 2) 3 x  9 y  4 z  25  0
1) 0 2)  a b c  3)   a b c  4) 4 3) 3 x  9 y  4 z  25  0 4) 3 x  9 y  4 z  25  0
9. If a , b , c are three unit vectors, a is 19. The cartesian equation of the plane passing
parallel to b and c then  a b c   through the points 4 i  j  2k ,5 i  2 j  k
1) 0 2) -1 3) 1 4) 2 and parallel to the vector 3i  j  4k is __
10. If the volume of tetrahedron with edges 1) 5 x  y  z  3  0 2) 2 x  6 y  5 z  1  0
a
i  j  k , i  aj  k and i  2 j  k is 3) 2 x  6 y  z  15  0 4) 7 x  5 y  4 z  41  0
6 20. The equation of the plane passing through the
then a =
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) -1 points A  3, 2, 1 and parallel to the
11. The volume of the parallelopiped having
vectors 1, 2, 4  and  3, 2, 5  is
coterminus edges i  j  k , i  j ,
1) 2 x  17 y  8 z  36  0
i  2 j  k is
1) 2 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7 2) 2 x  17 y  8 z  36  0
12. If a  2 i  3 j , b  i  j  k , c   i  4 j  2 k 3) 2 x  17 y  8 z  36  0
are coterminus edges of a parallelopiped of 4) 2 x  17 y  8 z  36  0
volume 2 cubic units then  is 21. The vector equation of the plane containing
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 the line r  a  sb and parallel to the line
13. The volume of parallelopiped with vectors
r  c  td is
a  2b  c , a  b , a  b  c as coterminus
1)  r  a b d   0 2)  r  b c d   0
edges is k  a b c  then k is
1) -2 2) 2 3) -3 4) 3 3)  r  d a b   0 4)  r  c a d   0

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NAME OFTRIPLE PRODUCT
THE TOPIC JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

22. The perpendicular distance from origin to the

plane passing through the points 2 3 0
1 1 1  1
2 i  j  3k , i  3 j  2k ,3i  2 j  k is 6. 7.  a b c   0
3  2
3 3
1) 3 2) 2 3 4) 3)
2 2 1 1 1
23. The distance between the plane whose 1 1 0  a b c 
8. 9.  a b c   a .  b  c 
equation is r .  2 i  j  3k   5 and the line 1 0 1

whose equation is r  i    2 i  5 j  3k  is 1 1 1
a
3 5 1 a 1 
10. 6 11. V   a b c 
1) 2) 3) 5 4) 0 1 2 1
14 14
24. The shortest distance between the lines
12. V   a b c   2
whose equations are r  t  i  j  k  ,
1 2 1
r  k  s  i  2 j  3k  is
k  a b c   1 1 0  a b c 
13.
3 3 2 1 1 0
1) 3 2) 3) 4)
38 14 13
25. The equation of the plane containing the lines 1
14. V   a b c 
6
r  a  tb and r  b  sa is
1
1)  r a b   0 2) r . a  a .b 15. V   AB AC AD 
6 
3) r . a  r . b 4) r . b  a . b 2
16.  a b c 
26. If a , b, c represents the reciprocal system 2
17.  i j k 
of vectors of a , b , c then a a  b b  c c 
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 18.  AP AB AC   0
EXERCISE - I (H.W) - KEY
01) 3 02) 4 03) 1 04) 3 05) 1 06) 1 19.  r  a b  a c   0
07) 1 08) 3 09) 1 10) 3 11) 3 12) 4
13) 4 14) 4 15) 3 16) 1 17) 2 18) 2 20.  r  a b c   0 21.  r  a b d   0
19) 4 20) 1 21) 1 22) 2 23) 1 24) 2
25) 1 26) 4 22. Plane Equation is  AP AB AC  =0 and the

EXERCISE - I (H.W) - HINTS d

distance from the origin is
a2  b2  c2
2 3 1 1 1 0
1 1 2 0 1 1  a b c  ax1  by1  cz1  d
1. 2. 23. D 
2 1 1 1 1 1 a 2  b2  c2

3.  i j k    j k i   1,  i k j   1  a  c b d 
24. S .D.  25.  r a b   0
b d
1 2 1
2  a b c  26. a . a 1  b . b 1  c . c 1  1
  1 1 0
4.  a b c  5.
1 1 1

88 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

8. Let a be a unit vector b  2 i  j  k and

EXERCISE - II (C.W)
c  i  3k then maximum value of a b c  is
1. For any three non-zero vectors a , b , c ,
1) -1 2) 10  6 3) 10  6 4) 59
a  b .c  a b c hold if and only if
9. If x(a  b )  y (b  c )  z (c  a )  r and
1) a .b  b .c  c .a  0 2) a .b  b .c  c .a  0
3) a  b  c  0 4)  a b c   0 a b c   18 then x  y  z 
2. If  a , b  

, c is perpendicular to a and b , 1) r .(a  b  c ) 
2) 4 r .(a  b  c ) 
6

3) 8 r .(a  b  c )  4) 0
a  3, b  4 , c  6 then  a b c  
a .a a .b a .c
1) 12 3 2) 48 3 3) 36 4) 72 10. b .a b .b b .c  0 then the vectors a  b ,
3. If a , b , c are three non-zero and non-null c .a c .b c .c
vectors and r is any vector in space, then
b c r  a   c a r  b   a b r  c is equal to b  c , c  a are
1) Coplanar 2) Non coplanar
1) 2  a b c  r 2) 3  a b c  r 3) Unit vectors 4) Mutually perpendicular
11. For any three non-zero vectors a , b , c , if
3)  a b c  r 4) 5  a b c  r
( a  b ).c  a b c then a .b  b .c  c .a 
4. If a  2i  j  k , b  i  2 j  3k
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3
c  3i   j  5k are coplanar then  is a root
of the equation 12. a, b, c are mutually perpendicular unit
1) x 2  3 x  4 2) x 2  2 x  6 vectors and d is a unit vector equally
3) x 2  3 x  6 4) x  5  0 inclined to each other of a , b and c at an
5. If the vectors ai  j  k , i  bj  k , i  j  ck 2
angle of 600 . Then a  b  c  d 
(a,b,c are not equal to 1) are coplanar, then
1 1 1 1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
   ........
1 a 1 b 1 c 13. The lines r  i  j  k  s (3i  j ) and
1) 0 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 r  4i  k  t (2i  3k )
6. If a , b , c are non coplanar vectors and  is a 1) intersect 2) do not intersect
real number then 3) are skew lines 4) cannot be determined
  a  b   2b  c    a b  c b  for 14. The shortest distance between the lines
   
r  3i  5 j  7 k    i  2 j  k 
1) Exactly two values of 
2) Exactly three values of  r   i  j  k   7 i  6 j  k  is
3) No value of  4) Exactly one value of 
7. The volume of the parallelopiped with 16 26 46 36
1) 2) 3) 4)
coterminus edges li  5k , i  j  mk and 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
15. If p q r is reciprocal system of vector triad
3i  5 j is 8. Then ' l ' and ' m ' are related as
1) 3lm  2  0 2) lm  2  0 a , b and c then  a b c   p q r  
3) 3lm  2  0 4) 5lm 2  0 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3

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NAME OFTRIPLE PRODUCT
THE TOPIC JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

16. Let c1  (1,0,0), c2  (1,1,0), c3  (1,1,1) , then 8. V   a  b  .c  a  b c   

59 1  59
the reciprocal of c1 
9. r .a  y  a b c  , r .b  z  a b c 
1) i  j 2) i  j 3) j  k 4) k  i
r .c  x  a b c 
17. If a , b , c and p, q , r are two sets of three
non-coplanar vectors such that r .  a  b  c    x  y  z  .  a b c 
a . p  b .q  c .r  3 then p  ..., q  ..., r  ...
x  y  z  8  r .  a  b  c  
ab b c c a
1) a b c , a b c , a b c 2
10.  a b c   0   a b c   0
   
a b c  a  b b  c c  a   2  a b c   0
, ,
2) b  c , c  a , a  b 3) a 2 b 2 c 2
11. a , b , c are non zero vectors
b c c a a b
4) a b c , a b c , a b c
 a  b  .c a b c
     a .b  b .c  c .a  0 (conceptual)
EXERCISE - II - (C.W) - KEY
 a .b  b .c  c .a  0
01) 1 02) 3 03) 3 04) 1 05) 4 06) 3 2
07) 4 08) 4 09) 3 10) 1 11) 3 12) 4 12. a  b  c  d 
13) 1 14) 2 15) 2 16) 2 17) 4 2 2 2 2

EXERCISE - II - (C.W) - HINTS

a  b  c  d  2 a.d  b.d  c.d 
1. a , b , c are non zero vectors 13.  a  c b d   0  lines are intersect

a  b .c  a b c  a  c b d 
14. SD =
 a .b  b .c  c .a  0 ( conceptual) b d
2.  a b c    a  b  .c  a b sin  a , b  c 1 c2  c3
15. p q r 16. c1  c c c
3. r  xa  yb  zc ----------(1)  a b c   1 2 3
take dot product with b  c , c  a and a  b and 17. a . p  b .q  c .r  1
substitute the values of x, y, z in (1) p, q , r are reciprocals of a , b , c
4.  a b c   0    4
EXERCISE - II(H.W)
a 1 1 1. If a , b , c form a left handed orthogonal
1 b 1 0 system and a .a  4, b .b  9, c .c  16 then
5.
1 1 c
 a b c  
  0 1 0 0 1) 24 2) 24 3) 12 4) 12
0  2 0  0 1 1   4  1 2. If a is a perpendicular to b and
6.
0 0  0 1 0 c , a  2, b  3, c  4 and the angle

l 0 5 2
between b and c is , then a b c  
3
1 1 m  8
7. 1) 24 2) 12 3) 12 3 4) 24 3
3 5 0

90 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

3. For any non zero, non collinear vectors 10. If a , b , c are non coplanar vectors, then
p and q the value of
a .a a .b a .c
 i p q  i   j p q  j   k p q  k is
b .a b .b b .c 
1) 0 2) 2 p  q  3) q  p 4) p  q c .a c .b c .c
4. If a  xi   x  1 j   x  2  k 2
1)  a b c  2)  a b c  3) 1 4) 0
b   x  3 i   x  4  j   x  5  k
11. If a , b , c are non zero vectors such that
c   x  6  i   x  7  j   x  8 k 2

are coplanar then x =  a  b  .c  a b c then a  b  c 

1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4) All real values 2 2 2
1) 0 2) 1 3) a  b  c 4) -1
5. If the vectors a  (1, a, a 2 ), b  (1, b, b 2 ) and
12. The lines r  i  j  k  s  i  2 j  3k  and
c  (1, c, c 2 ) are three non-coplanar vectors
r   i  2 j  3k   t   i  j  2k 
a a 2 1  a3
and b b 2 1  b3  0 then abc  1) Intersect 2) Do not intersect
3) skew lines 4) Cannot be determine
c c2 1  c3 13. The shortest distance between the lines
1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) -2 through the points  2,3,1 ,  4,5, 2  and
6. a  i  k , b  xi  j  1  x  k and
parallel to the vectors  3, 4, 2  ,  4,5,3
c  yi   j  1  x  y  k then  a b c  respectively is
depends on 6 1 2
1) neither x nor y 2) both x and y 1) 2) 3) 4) 9
7 6 3
3) only x 4) only y
7. The volume of the parallelopiped whose sides b c c a a b
14. Let p  a b c , q  a b c , r  a b c and
     
are OA  (  2)i  (  1)(  2) j  k ,
OB  (  3) i  (  2)(  3) j  k , a , b , c being any three non-coplanar vectors

OC  (  4)i  (  3)(  4) j  k is then p.(a  b )  q .(b  c )  r .(c  a ) 

1) -3 2) 0 3) 3 4) -2
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 2
8. If v  2 i  j  k and w  i , u is a unit 15. If a1 , b1 , c1 is the reciprocal system of vector

vector then maximum value of u v w is triad of a , b and c , then a. b1  b . c1  c .a1 

1) 0 2) 1 3)2 4) 3
1) -1 2) 10  6 3) 2 4) 60
16. a  a 1  b  b 1  c  c 1 
9.   p  b  c   q  c  a   r  a  b  and if
1) 0 2) a 3) b 4) c
 .  a  b  c   1 then  a b c  
17.  a  b  .a   b  c  . b   c  a  c
1 1 1

1 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
1) p  q  r 2)
pqr EXERCISE - II(H.W)-KEY
2 01) 2 02) 3 03) 4 04) 4 05) 3 06) 3
3) 2  p  q  r  4) 07) 4 08) 3 09) 2 10) 2 11) 3 12) 3
pqr
13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 1 17) 4

PINEGROVE 91
 SCALAR
NAME OFTRIPLE PRODUCT
THE TOPIC JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

EXERCISE - II - (H.W) - HINTS

b  c 
1.  a b c   a b .c  a b c 234 24 16.  a  a b c   0
 
 2 
2.  a b c   a b c  cos 0   sin 
3   12 3
b c  
 17.  a  b. 
 a b c 
1 0  1 0  1 0 3
3. Let p  q  xi  yj  zk ---------(1)
take dot product with i , j and k then substitute
the values of x, y, z in (1)
EXERCISE - III
4.  a b c   0  it is true  x  R 1. If a  i  j  k and b  2i  k , then the
vector c satisfying the conditions
a a2 1 a a2 a3
i) coplanar with a and b
b b2 1  b b2 b3  0
5. ii) perpendicular to b iii) a .c  7
c c2 1 c c2 c3
3 5
1)  i  j  3k 2)  3i  5 j  6k
1 0 1 2 2
1 3)  6i  k 4)  i  2 j  2k
x 1 1  x  0  2x  1  x 
6. 2
y x 1 x  y 2. A tetrahedron of volume V=5 has three of its
vertices at the points A  2,1, 1 , B  3,0,1 and
7. V  OA OB OC 
C  2, 1,3 . The fourth vertex D lies on the y-
8. Maximum of
axis. Then D is
u v w  u v  w  v  w   j  k  2 1)  0,8, 0  2)  0, 7, 0 
9.  . a  b  c   1 3)  0,8, 0  or  0, 7, 0  4)  0, 7, 0 
p b c a   q c a b   r  a b c   1 3. If a , b , c are unit vectors such that

1  a , b      c , a  b  then c a b  
  p  q  r  a b c   1 a b c  
pqr 1 1
2
1) sin 2 2) sin 2 3) sin 2 4) 1
10.  a b c   a b c    a b c  2 4
4.   ai  b j  ck ,   bi  c j  ak and
2 2
11. a b c  a 2  b  c 2 2 a .b b .c c .a    ci  aj  bk be three coplanar vectors
with      and r  i  j  k then r is
12.  a  c b d   0  skew lines
perpendicular to
 a  c b d  1)  2)  3)  4)  , , 
13. 5. The ratio between volume of tetrahedron and
b d
the volume of the tetrahedron formed by
joining the centroids of faces is in
bc   ab 
 a b .a b c   b c .a b c  c a .a b c 
c a 1) 27 : 1 2) 17 : 1 3) 7 : 1 4) 1 : 27
14.
      6. If 4a  5b  9c  0
 111  3 then  a  b    b  c    c  a   

a .
 
 c a  b . ab c . b c 0000  1) A vector perpendicular to the plane of a , b & c
15. a b c  a b c  a b c  2) 4a  5b  9c 3) 0 4)  a b c 

92 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

7. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors and 13. If a and b are two mutually perpendicular
  b  c ,   c  a , r  a  b then unit vectors and the vectors
xa  xb  z  a  b  , a   a  b  and
 .a  .b  .c
 .a  .b  .c  za  zb  y  a  b  lie in a plane, then z is
r .a r .b r .c 1) A.M. of x and y 2) G.M. of x and y
3) H,M, of x and y 4) Equal to zero
2) 1 3)   r   a b c  4)  a b c 
2 3
1) 0

8. If b and c are any two non-collinear unit 14. If  a , b   , c is a perpendicular to a and
6
vectors and a is any vector, then
b , a  3, b  4, c  6 then  a b c  
a .(b  c )
(a .b )b  (a .c )c  2
(b  c )  1) 12 3 2) 48 3 3) 36 4) 72
b c
15. If a  xi  12 j  k , b  2 i  2 xj  k and
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) a  b  c
9. If V is the volume of the parallelopiped having c  i  k and given that the vectors a , b , c
three coterminus edges as a , b and c then form a right handed system, then the range of
x is
the volume of the parallelopiped having three
coterminus edges as 1) R-   3, 2  2) ( 4,3)
3) R  (3, 2) 4) ( 2,3)
  a . a  a  a . b b  a . c  c ,
16. If a , b , c are position vectors of three
   a . b  a  b . b  b  b . c  c , non-collinear points A, B, C respectively, the
shortest distance of A from BC is
   a . c  a   b . c  b   c . c  c is
2
1) V 3 2) 3V 3) V 2 4) 2V  a .b 
2
1) a .  b  c  2) b a  
10. a , b , c three non-zero vectors  c 

a  b  . c  a b c holds iff   a  b 2  c  b 2 
 2 
3) b  a 4) b a  
1) a . b  0, b . c  0 2) b .c  0, c .a  0  c b
2

3) c .a  0, a .b  0 4) a .b  b .c  c .a  0
11. The unit vector which is orthogonal to the 17. If a , b , c are three non-coplanar, non-zeroo
vectors, then
vector 3i  2 j  6k and is coplanar with the
vectors 2i  j  k and i  j  k is
 a . a  b  c    a . b   c  a    a . c   a  b  
2i  6 j  k 2i  3 j 1)  a b c  c 2) b c a  a
1) 2)
41 13 3)  c a b  b 4) 0
3j k 4 i  3 j  3k 1 A B C
3) 4) 18. If (x 11) (x 12) (x 13)   
10 34 x 11 x 12 x 13
12. If r is a unit vector such that then the volume of the parallelopiped whose
r  x  b  c   y  c  a   z  a  b  , then adjacent sides are Ai  Bj  2Ck ,
 r . a  b  c    r . b   c  a    r . c   a  b   2 Ai  Bj , i  3Bj  4Ck is (in cu. units)
1) 5 2) 4 3) 3 4) 2
1) [ a b c ] 2) 1 3)  a b c  4) 0

PINEGROVE 93
 SCALAR
NAME OFTRIPLE PRODUCT
THE TOPIC JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

19. Let a  1i   2 j  3k , b  1 i  2 j  3k 0 cos  cos 

2 a 2b 2 c 2
and c  1i   2 j   3k , a  2 2, a makes 3) V  cos  0 cos 
36
 cos  cos  0
an angle with the plane of b , c and the
3 1 sin  sin 
 2 a 2b 2 c 2
angle between b , c is , then 4) V  sin  1 sin 
6 36
sin  sin  1
n
1  2  3 22. If u , v , w are non co-planar vectors and p,q
1  2 3 is equal to (n is even natural are real numbers then the equality
1  2  3 3u pv pw   pv w qu    2w qv qu   0 holds
number) for
n/2 n 1) exactly two values of (p, q)
b a   3b c 2) more than two but not all values of (p, q)
 
1)  6  2)  3) all values of (p,q)
2 
    4) exactly one value of (p,q)
n/2
n 23. If a , b , c are non co-planar vectors and 
b c  2b a 
is a real number then
3) 4)  

3 2n  3    a  b   2b  c    a b  c b  for
   
20. a  i  j  k , b  2i  k , c  i  2 j  3k t h e n 1) exactly two values of 
the ascending order of 2) exactly three values of 
A)  a  b b  c c  a  3) no value of  4) exactly one value of 
EXERCISE - III - KEY
B)  a  b b  c c  a  01) 1 02) 3 03) 1 04) 4 05) 1 06) 3
C)  a b c   a 1 b 1 c 1  07) 4 08) 1 09) 1 10) 4 11) 3 12) 3
13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1
D)  a  b b  c c  a  19) 2 20) 2 21) 1 22) 4 23) 3
1) A, B, C, D 2) B, D, C, A EXERCISE - III - HINTS
3) C, B, A, D 4) D, B, C, A 1. Verify c .b  0 , a .c  7
21. Let a , b , c be the position vectors of the points
1 1 2
A,B,C respectively and  ,  and  be the 1
D   0, y, 0  , 6 0 2 4  5
2.
inclinations between b c ; a , b and a, c 2 y  1 1
if the volume of the tetrahedron OABC is V
then 1
3. c a b   sin 2
2
1 cos  cos 
a 2b 2 c 2 4.      0
2
1) V  cos  1 cos 
36 1 1 a b c 
cos  cos  1  a b c  :   27 :1
5. 6 6  3 3 3 
1 cos  cos  6. 4a  5b  9c  0  vectors a , b and c are
2 a 2b 2 c 2
2) V  cos  1 cos  coplanar  b  c and c  a are collinear
6
cos  cos  1  b  c    c  a   0

94 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

Hence (C) is the correct answer

given expression is equal to  a b c  a .
 a b c  0 0
1/ 2 1 1
0  a b c  0 3 1 1 V  1 1 0 5
7.   a b c  18. A  , B  1, C  ,
0 0  a b c  2 2 1 3 2

8. Take b  i , c  j  
19. n  2  (det) 2  2 2 . b c sin . sin
3 6
9. Volume       V 3
1 1 1
10.  a  b  .c cos  a  b , c   a b c  
20.  a b c   2 0 1  3
a b sin  a , b  . cos  a  b , c   a b 1 2 3
A = 9, B = 6 , C = 1, D = 0
a  b , b  c , c  a
11. Verification 21. We have a , b , c be the position vectors of the
points A,B,C with respect to 0.  ,  ,  be the
12. r  x  b  c   y  c  a   z  a  b 
angles between b , c ; a , b ; a , c .OABC is the
 r . a  x  a b c  , r . b  y  a b c  and
tetrahedron. Let OA  a  x1 i  y1 j  z1k
r . c  z  a b c 
OB  b  x2 i  y2 j  z 2 k
substituting the values of x, y, z in (i), we get
OC  c  x3 i  y3 j  z3k
a b c r  r . a  b c   r.b  c a  r.c   a b 
1
 r.a b c  r.b  c a  r.c  ab  ab cr V = volume of tetrahedron = OA, OB , OC 
6
 a b c  r   a b c   x1 y1 z1
 r  1 1
V  x2 y2 z2
x x z 6
x3 y3 z3
1 0 1  a b a  b   0,
13.  z 2  xy
z z y x1 y1 z1 x1 y1 z1
2 1
V  x2 y2 z 2 x2 y2 z2
14.  a , b   6 , a b c    a  b  .c 36
x3 y3 z3 x3 y3 z3
1 2
x x x x x
 a  b c  3.4. .6  36 1
1 1 2
2
1 3

2  x x x x x
1 2 2 2 3
36 2
15. a , b , c form R.H. system   a b c   0 x x x x x
3 1 2 3 3

16. d 
2
AB  (projection of AB on BC )2 a2 ab cos  ac cos 
1 2
 ab cos  b bc cos 
17. Since a ,b, c are non-coplanar vectors. 36
ca cos  bc cos  c2
Therefore the vectors
a  b , b  c , c  a are non-coplanar 1 cos  cos 
2 a 2b 2 c 2
a  x b  c   y c  a   z a  b  V  cos  1 cos 
36
Taking dot products successively with a , b , c cos  cos  1

a .a a .b a .c 22. 3u pv pw   pv w qu    2w qv qu   0

x ,y , z
 a b c   a b c   a b c   3 p 2 u v w  pq u v w  2q 2 u v w
Substituting these values in (i), we obtain that the   3 p 2  pq  2q 2  u v w  0

PINEGROVE 95
 SCALAR
NAME OFTRIPLE PRODUCT
THE TOPIC JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 3 p 2  pq  2q 2  0  u v w  0  C) If b and c are orthogonal unit (r) 16

vectors and b  c  a then
 p  0, q  0
 a  b  c a  b b  c  is
23.   a  b   b  c    a b  c b 
2

D) If  x y a    x y b  (s) 1
  4  a b c    a c b    4  1
  x y c   0 and each vector being
which is not possible for any real 
a non-zero vector then  a b c  
EXERCISE - IV 1) A  p, B  r , c  q, d  s
2) A  p, B  s, c  q, d  r
1. Match the following. 3) A  r , B  p, c  s, d  q
List-I List-II
4) A  r , B  q, c  s, d  p
1)Projection of a  b A) 3i  4 j  5k 3. Statement-I :
on c
 2a  3b 3b  5c 5c  7 a   135  a b c 
1
2) S.D. between the B)  a b c  Statement-II : If a , b , c are non coplanar
lines r  a  tb ,  a b c  is non zero, then
r  c  sd 1) Only I is true 2) Only II is true
a b c  3) Both I & II are true 4) Neither I nor II are ture
4. Volume of the parallelopiped formed by the
3) a , b , c be three C) c vector a  b , b  c and c  a is 36 sq units.
non-coplanar Match the following lists.
vectors and p, q , r List-I List-II
A) Volume of the parallelopiped (p) 0
are their reciprocal
vectors respectively formed by vectors a , b , c is
B) Volume of tetrahedron formed (q) 12
then  p q r  
by vectors a , b and c is
4) a  i  j  k , D) 4 i  j  5k C) Volume of parallelopiped formed (r) 6
b  2i  3 j  k by the vectors a  b , b  c , c  a
and c are there D) Volume of the parallelopiped (s) 1
vectors and c , b , a formed by the vector a  b,
form right handed b  c and c  a is
 a  c b d  1) A  s, B  q, C  p, D  r
system then c  E) 2) A  r , B  s, C  q, D  p
b d
3) A  s, B  r , C  q, D  q
1) 1-C, 2-E, 3-B, 4-D 2) 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C 4) A  r , B  q, C  p, D  s
3) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B 4) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C 5. Let r be any vector satisfying
2. List-I List-II
r .a  r .b  r .c  0 for given non zero vectors
A) If a , b and c are three mutually
a , b and c
perpendicular vectors where (p) 12
Statement-I :  a  b b  c c  a   0
a  b  2 , c  1 then
Statement-II :  a b c   0
[a  b b  c c  a ] is
1) Statement-I and Statement-II are true but
B) If a and b are two unit (q) 0 Statement-II is the correct explanation for
 Statement-I
vectors inclined at , then 2) Statement-I and Statement-II are true but
3 Statement-II is not the correct explanation for
16  a b  a  b b  is Statement-I

96 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV SCALAR
NAME OF
TRIPLE
THE PRODUCT
TOPIC

3) Statement-I is true and Statement-II false C. b .c  0 ; b c  a

4) Statement-I is false and Statement-II true
 a  b  c a  b b  c 
6. Statement-I : If a , b , c are non coplanar then
2
a , a  b , a  b  c are also non coplanar   a b c   a . b  c  a . a  a 1
Statement-II :
D.  x y a   0  x , y , a coplanar
 a a  b a  b  c    a b c  then
1) Only I is true 2) Only II is true  x y b   0  x , y , b coplanar
3) Both I & II are true
4) Neither I nor II are true  x y c   0  x , y , c coplanar
EXERCISE - IV - KEY  a , b , c coplanar   a b c   0
01) 1 02) 3 03) 3 04) 2 05) 2 06) 3
2 3 0
EXERCISE - IV - HINTS 0 3 5  a b c   135  a b c 
3.
 a  b  . c  a b c  7 0 5
1. 1) c c 1 1 0
2) formula  
 135  a b c   a b c   0 1 1  2
 b c c a a b  1 0 1
3)  a b c   a b c   a b c  

        0 1 1
1 b c d   1 0 1  1
 b  c c  a a  b 
2 
 a b c  1 1 1
2 c a d   1   a b d  where d  i  j  k
 a b c 

1
3
; a b c  4. Given  a  b b  c c  a   36
 a b c 
2
4) c , b , a form R.H. system  a b c   36 ,  a b c   6

 b , a , c form R.H. system 1 6

A6 B   a b c    1
c  b  a 6 6
2. C   a  b b  c c  a   2  a b c 
a .b  b .c  c .a  0
A.  a  b b  c c  a    a b c 
2  2  6   12 D   a .b b .c c .a   0
2 5. r .a  r .b  r .c  0 only if a , b and c coplanar

 a b c  2
=  2.2.1  42  16
   a b c   0 , Hence Statement is ture
B. a  b  1 ,  a , b  
3
Also  a  b b  c c  a   0 even  a b c   0
a b
sin    a b Statement-II is not the correct explanation for
; sin  Statement-I
a b 3 1 1
6. a , b , c are coplanar  [a b c ]  0
3
 a b
2 1 0 0
[ a a  b a  b c ]  1 1 0  [ a b c ]
 a b  a  b b    a b b    a a  b b  1 1 1 
2 3  [a b c ]  0
 0   a  b .b  a    a b 
4
PINEGROVE 97
VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT AND PRODUCT OF FOUR VECTORS

SYNOPSIS  Vector Product of Four Vectors :
 Vector triple Product : a  b  (c  d ) is a vector product of four
vectors.
The vector product of a  b and c is a vector
triple Product of three vectors a, b and c . It is
 a b c  d   a b d  c  a b c  d
  c d a  b   c d b  a
denoted by a  b  c
 (a  b )  c  (a .c )b  (b .c )a . This is a vector in   a b c  d  b c d  a  c a d  b   a b d  c
2
the plane of a and b .   a  b b  c c  a    a b c 
 a   b  c    a .c  b   a .b  c . This is a vector  If a , b , c are non coplanar vectors,
in the plane of b , c i.e.,  a b c   0 then any vector r in space can
 (a  b )  c  c  (a  b ) be expressed as a linear combination of a , b , c
 a , b , c are non-zero vectors and  r b c 
r  a 
 r c a  b   r a b  c
( a  b )  c  a  (b  c )  a & c are collinear i.e.,  a b c   a b c   a b c 
(Parallel) (or) ( a  c )  b  0 i.e., in the form r  xa  yb  zc
 Vector triple product is not associative. If a , b , c  If a , b , c and d are coplanar then
are non-zero, non-orthogonal vectors., then
a  b   c  d   0
(a  b )  c  a  (b  c ) .
 If a , b , c and d are parallel vectors (or) collinear
 a  (b  c )  b   c  a   c  (a  b )  0 vectors, then (a  b )  c  d   0
 a  (b  c ), b  (c  a ), c  (a  b ) are coplanar  To find the direction of a line with greatest slope:
i   j  k   j  k  i   k  i  j   0
Let  1 ,  2 be two planes intersecting in a line l1

then the line of greatest slope in 1 is the line lying
 i  a  i   j   a  j   k   a  k   2a
where a is any vector in the plane 1 and perpendicular to the line l1 .
Note: Let a , b be the vectors along the normals to the
 a  (b  c )  b  ( c  a )  ( a  b )  c
planes 1 and  2 respectively then the vector
 [a  b b  c c  a ]  [a b c ]2
 Scalar Product of Four Vectors :  
a  a  b will be along the line of greatest slope in

( a  b ).(c  d ) is a scalar product of four vectors. 1 .

It is a dot product of the vectors a  b and c  d . W.E-1: Let a  2 i  j  k , b  i  2 j  k and a
 (a  b ).(c  d )  a .c  (b .d )  a .d  (b .c ) unit vector c be coplanar. If c is
perpendicular to a , then c is equal to
a .c a .d
 a a b 
b .c b .d Sol: Required unit vector is  a  a  b
 
a .b a .d
 ( a  c ).b  d   a   a  b    a .b  a   a .a  b  9 j  9k
c .b c .d
1
  a  b  . a  b   a  b
2 2 2
 a b   a .b 
2
c  
2
 j  k 

98 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT

W.E-2: Let a  i  j and b  2 i  k then point of 6. The vector (a  b )  c is perpendicular to

intersection of the line 1) c 2) a  b 3) both 1 and 2 4) b , c
r  a  b  a and r  b  a  b is
7. i  (a  i )  j  (a  j )  k  (a  k ) 
Sol: We have r  a  b  a   r  b   a  0 1) 3a 2) 2a 3) a 4) 0
 r  b  a  r  b  a SCALAR PRODUCT OF FOUR VECTORS
 r  b  a 8. a  2 i  3 j  k , b   i  2 j  4k ,
Similarly, the equation of the line r  b  a  b can c  i  j  k , d  i  j  k then
be written as r  a   b  a  b  .  c  d   ___
For the point of intersection of the above two lines, 1) 4 2) 24 3) 36 4) 4
we have a   b  b   a      1
9. If  a  b  .  c  b    a . b  b . c     a . c 
 r  a  b  3i  j  k
then  
W.E-3:  b  c    c  a  is equal to 2 2 2
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) 0
  
Sol :  b  c    c  a    b  c  .a c   b  c  .c a  10.  a  i  . b  i    a  j  .b  j  
  a b c  c   b c c  a   a b c  c
 a  k .b  k  
EXERCISE - I (C.W) 1) a .b 2) 3  a .b  3) 0 4) 2  a .b 

VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT 11. If a is parallel to b  c , then  a b  . a  c  

2 2
1. If a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k , c  2 i  3 j  k , 1) a  b .c  2) b  a .c 
then (a  b )  c  2

1) 2 i  6 j  2k 2) 6i  2 j  6k
3) c  a .b  4) 0
12. If a , b are two unit vectors such that
3) 6i  2 j  6k 4) 6i  2 j  6k
2. If a  i  j  k , b  i  j , c  i and a  b  2 then the value of  a b a  b  is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 0
(a  b )  c   a   b, then   
1) 1 2) 0 3) -1 4) 2
VECTOR PRODUCT OF FOUR VECTORS
3. 13. If a  2 i  j  3k , b  3i  2 j  k ,
a  2 i  3 j  4k , b  i  j  k ,
c  i  j  4k , d  i  2 j  k then
c  4 i  2 j  3k then a   b  c  
(EAM-2000) a  b  c  d  
1) 10 2) 1 3) 2 4) 5 1) 24  i  j  2k  2) 24  i  j  k 
4. a  b  c   b   c  a   c   a  b   3) 12  2 i  j  3k  4)12  i  2 j  3k 
1) 0 2) 0 3) 1 4)  a  b  .c 14 If four vectors a , b , c , d are coplanar, then
5. (a  b )  c  a  (b  c ) if and only if (a  b)  (c  d ) =
1) (a  c )  b  0 2) a  (c  b )  0 1)  a b c  d 2) b c d  a
3) c  (b  a )  0 4)  a b c   1
3) c d a  b 4) Null vector

PINEGROVE 99
 VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

15. If  b  c    c  a   3c then
2
12.  a b a  b    a  b  .  a  b   a  b
b  c c  a a  b   13. Find  a b d  c   a b c  d
1) 2 2) 7 3) 9 4) 11
EXERCISE - I (C.W) - KEY 14.  a b d  c   a b c  d  0  0  0
01) 2 02) 2 03) 4 04) 2 05) 1 06) 3 15.  b c a  c  3c   a b c   3
07) 2 08) 4 09) 2 10) 4 11) 1 12) 3
2
13) 1 14) 4 15) 3 Required value  a b c   9
EXERCISE - I (C.W)-HINTS
EXERCISE - I (H.W)
1.  a .c  b   c .b  a
2.  a  c   b   a  b VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT
  a .c  b   b .c  a   a   b 1. If a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k ,

     b .c  ,    c .a  c  i  j  k then a   b  c  
1) i  j  k 2) 2 i  2 j
3.  a .c  b   a .b  c
3) 3i  j  k 4) 2 i  2 j  k
2 2 2
and a1i  a2 j  a3k  a  a  a 1 2 3 2. If a  i  2 j  3k , b  2 i  j  k and

4.   a   b  c       a .c  b   a .b  c   0 c  i  3 j  2k , and a   b  c   pi  q j  rk ,
then p  q  r 
5.  a  b   c  a  b  c  a) -4 b) 4 c) 2 d) -2
  c .a  b   c .b  a   a .c  b   a .b  c 3. If p  (2, 10, 2), q  (3,1, 2) and
r  (2,1,3), then p  (q  r ) 
  a .b  c   c .b  a  0   a  c   b  0
a) 2 b) 4 c) 0 d) 3
6. Cross product of any two vectors is perpendicular
to both the vectors 4. i  ( j  k )  j  (k  i )  k  ( i  j ) 

7.  i   a  i      i .i  a   i .a  i  1) i 2) j 3) k 4) Null vector

   a   a .i  i   3a  a  2a 5. If  a  b   c  a   b  c  where a , b and c
are any three vectors such that a . b  0 ,
a .c a .d
8.
b .c b .d b .c  0 then a and c are
1) Perpendicular 2) Parallel
9.  a .c  b .b  a .b  b .c  a .b  b .c    a .c  
3) Inclined at an angle of between them
2 3
  a .c  b    a .c 

2 4) Inclined at an angle of between tehm
  b 6
10. Use scalar product of four vectors formula 6. The vectors a   b  c  is
a .a a .c 2 1) Coplanar with b and c
11.  a  b .c    b .a   a .c 
b .a b .c 2) Coplanar with a and b parallel to c
2
a  b .c   b .a  c .a  0 3) Coplanar with b and c , orthogonal to a
4) Coplanar with a and b , orthogonal to c
100 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT

7. a  i  i  a  j  j  a  k  k  EXERCISE - I (H.W) - HINTS

1) 2a 2) 2a 3) a 4)  a 1.  a .c  b   a .b  c
SCALAR PRODUCT OF FOUR VECTORS
2.  a .c  b   a .b  c
8. If a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k ,
c  i  j  k , d  i  j  k then value of 3.  p.r  q   p.q  r
a b  . c  d  is 4. a  (b  c )  (a .c )b  (a .b )c
1) 1 2) 0 3) -2 4) -1
5.  c .a  b   c .b  a   a .c  b   a .b  c
9.  a b . c d  a .c  b .d  K  a .d  b .c  then the
value of K is   c .b  a   a .b  c  a , c are parallel
1) 1 2) 0 3) -2 4) -1 6. Cross product of any two vectors is perpendicular
10.  b c  .  ad    c a  .  b d    ab  .  c d   to both the vectors and
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) -1  a  b   c   c .a  b   c .b  a
11.  a  b  .  c  d    b .c  a .d   7.   a  i   i   i   a  i 
1) 0 2) 1 3) a .c 4)  a .c   b .d 
    i .i  a   i .a  i 
12. If a , b lie in a plane normal to the plane
   a   i .a  i   3a  a  2a
containing c and d then  a  b  .  c  d  
1) 4 2) 1 3) 0 4) 3 a .c a .d
VECTOR PRODUCT OF FOUR VECTORS 8.
b .c b .d
13. a  2i  3 j  k , b  i  2 j  4k , c  i  j  k ,
9.  a .c  b .d  a .d  b .c  a .c  b .d  K  a .d b .c 
  
d  3i  4 j  2k . The value of a b  c  d   K  1
1) 70i  28 j  64 k 2) 7i  8 j 10. Use scalar product of four vectors formula
3) 6 j  2k 4) i  j  4k a .c a .d
11.   b .c  a .d 
b .c b .d
14.  a  b    c  d   lc  md then m is

1)  a b c d  2)  c b d  12.  a  b    c  d    a  b  . c  d   0
3) b c d  4)   a b c  13. a  b  10 i  9 j  7k

15. If  a   b   c  0 then c  d  6 i  j  7k

 a  b    b  c    c  a    a  b    c  d   70 i  28 j  64k
1) 0 14.   a b d  c   a b c  d  lc  md
2) A vector perpendicular to the plane of a , b , c
 m    a b c 
3) A scalar quantity 4) 2  a b c 
15. The vectors a , b , c are coplanar
EXERCISE - I (H.W) - KEY
01) 2 02) 1 03) 3 04) 4 05) 2 06) 3  b  c and c  a are parallel
07) 2 08) 2 09) 4 10) 1 11) 4 12) 3
13) 1 14) 4 15) 1  b  c  c  a   0  a  b  0  0

PINEGROVE 101
 VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

EXERCISE - II - (C.W) 2
1)   2,   4,  
3
VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT 2
2)   2,   4,  
1. a   b  c  is parallel to b , then 3
1) a  c 2) b  c 3) a  b 2
3)   2,   4,  
3
4) a , b & c are parallel to each other
2
2. i   a  b   i   j   a  b   j   4)   2,   4,  
3

k   a  b   k   8. 
If a is a unit vector then a  a   a  b   
1) 0 2)  a  b  b 3) b 4) 2  a  b  1) a  b 2) b  a 3)  a  b  4) 2  b  a 

3. a , b , c are three unit vectors such that 9. If a , b , c are three vectors of magnitude

1 3, 1, 2 such that a   a  c   3b  0 and 

a  (b  c )  b , then (a , b )  , ( a , c ) 
2 is the angle between a and c then cos 2  
( b, c are non-collinear) 3 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 900 ,600 2) 600 ,90 0 4 2 4 5
2
3) 300 ,600 4) 450 ,30 0 10. If a  i  j  2 k then    a  i   j  
4. If a , b , c are non-coplanar unit vectors such 1) 6 2) 36 3) 6 4) 6 6
2 2

that a  (b  c ) 
b c
, then the angle
11.  a  b    a .b   144 and a  4 , b 
2 1) 16 2) 8 3) 3 4) 12
between a and b is EXERCISE - II - (C.W) - KEY
3   01) 2 02) 4 03) 1 04) 1 05) 2
1) 2) 3) 4)  06) 1 07) 1 08) 2 09) 1 10) 1
4 4 2
11) 3
5. a  2 i  j  2k and b  i  j if c is a
vector such that a  c  c , c  a  2 2 and
EXERCISE - II - (C.W) - HINTS
the angle between a  b and c is 300 , then 1.  a  b  c   b  0
  a .b  b  c   0  b  c
a  b  c 
1) 2/3 2) 3/2 3) 2 4) 3 2.   i   p  i  2 p
6. If a and b are unit vectors then the vectors 1
3. a  b  c   b
2
 a  b    a  b  is parallel to the vector
1
1) a  b 2) a  b 3) 2a  b 4) 2a  b   a .c  b   a .b  c  b  0  c 
2
7. If a  2 i  j  k , b  i  2 j  2k , 1 1
  a .c   , a .b  0  a c cos  a , c  
2 2
c  i  j  2k and a   b  c  
1 
 cos  a , c    a , c  
1    i   1    j   1   1    k then 2 3

102 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT


a .b  0   a , b  
2 EXERCISE - II - (H.W)
1 1 VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT:
4.  a .c  b   a .b  c  b  c 1. Which of the following is a true statement.
2 2
1 1 1)  a  b   c is coplanar with c
 a .c  , a .b 
2 2
2)  a  b   c is perpendicular to a

 a, c   ,
4
 a , b   34 3)  a  b   c is perpendicular to b
5. a  3, a  b  2 i  2 j  k  3
4)  a  b   c is perpendicular to c
c a  2 2
2. If a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k then
2 2 2
 c a 8  c  a  2  a .c   8
i   ab i   j   ab  j   k   ab k  
     
2
 c  9  2c  8  a .c  c

 c 2  2c  1  0   c  1  0  c  1  c  1
2
 
1) 2  i  j  2) 2 i  k 3) 4  i  j  4) 2  j  k 

1 3 3. Let a, b, c be three vectors having

a b  c  a  b c sin  30   3 1 
2 2 magnitude 1,1 and 2 respectively. If
6. a  b  a  b  a  (a  c)  b  0 ,then the acute angle
between a and c is
   a  b  .b  a    a  b  .a  b
1) 300 2) 60 0 3) 45 0 4) 750
  a .b  a   b .b  .a   a .a  b   b .a  b
4. b , c are unit vectors and a  7 .
  a .b  a  a  b   a .b  b
1
a  b  c   b   c  a  
a then the
  a .b   1  a  b  2
angle between a and c is
7. a   b  c    i  4 j  2k
   
1 1,  1  4,  1 1  2 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 6 2 4
8. 
 a   a . b  a   a .a  b  5. If a , b , c are unit vectors and b , c are non
collinear vectors satisfying.
  a.b   a  a    a.a   a b   b  a
b c
9.  a .c  a   a .a  c  3b  0 a,b   ,a, c    and a   b  c  
2
 2 3 cos  a  3c  3b  0 then cos     
 2 cos  a  3c  3b  0
1
2 2 1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4)
 2 cos  a  3c   3b   2

3 6. If a , b , c are any three vectors such that

2
 12 cos   9  24 cos   0  cos   4
2 2
 a  b  . c   a  b  .c  0 then  a b  c 
2
10.  a  1  1  4  6 1) 0 2) a 3) b 4) c
2 2 2 2
11. a b  a b   a .b 
PINEGROVE 103
 VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

7. If  a  b   c  5a  4b and a . b  3 then EXERCISE - II - (H.W) - HINTS

a  b  c  
1.  a  b   c .c  0
1) 5b  3c 2) 3c  4b 3) 3b  5c 4) 4b  3c 2.  2a  b   2 i  j 
2
8.   a  i   j   3.   a .c  a   a .a  c  b  0
1) a 2 2) 2a 2 3) 3a 2 4) 4a 2 let  a .c     a .c  2 cos 
9. 
a  a  a  b     2 cos  .a  c  b
2 2
1)  a.b  a b  2)  a .a   a  b    2 cos  a  c    b 

3)  a .a   b  a  4)  b .b  a  b   4 cos 2   3  cos  
3
 

2 6
10. If a   a  b   b   b  c  and  a .b   0 ,
1
4.   a.c  b   a.b  c   a.b  c   b .c  a  a
then  a b c   2
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 0  1
2   a .c  b    b .c    a  0
11. b c b  c    b .c   ___  2
2 2 2 2 2 1
1)  b  c  2) b  c 3) b  c 4) b c  a .c  0, b .c  
2
12. If a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k , b b
c  i  j  k , d  i  j  k then
5.  a .c  b   a .b  c   0
2 2
a b c  d    a .c 
1 1
 0, a .b   0
2 2
1) 8 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
1 1
13.  a  b a  c d    a .c  , a .b  
2 2
1)  a .b   a c d  1 1
cos   , cos       600 ,   1200
2 2
2)  a .d   a b c 
6. a .c  b .c  0
3)  b . c   a b d 
 a  b   c   c  a  b    c .b  a  0
4)  a . c  b c d 
7.  a.c  b   b .c  a  4b  5a  a.c  4, b .c  5
14. If a , b , c are non-zero, non-coplanar vectors
a   b  c    a .c  b   a .b  c  4b  3c
 
then a   b  c   b   c  a  is collinear 2

with the vector

8.   j .a  i   j .i  a 
1) a  b  c 2) a  b  c 2
   j .a  i   a22  a32  a12  a 2
3) a  b  c 4) a  b  c
EXERCISE - II - (H.W) - KEY 9.   
a  a   a  b   a   a .b  a   a .a  b 
01) 4 02) 3 03) 2 04) 3 05) 3
06) 1 07) 4 08) 1 09) 3 10) 4   a .a   b  a 
11) 4 12) 1 13) 2 14) 4 10. b  c

104 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT

2 2 2 2 5. The pairs a , b and c , d are such that each

11. b  c  . b  c   b .c   b  c   b.c   b c
determines a plane. Then the planes are
12.  a b d  c   a b c  d perpendicular if
1)  a . c   b . d    a . d  b . c   0
13.  a  b a  c d    a  b  . a  c   d 
2)  a . c   a . d    b . c  b . d   0

  a  b  .  a .d  c   c .d  a  3)  a . c   b . d    a . d  b .c   0
  a .d  .  a b c   0
4)  a .d  b . c    a . b  c . d   0
14.  a  b    c  a   b  a    a  b  6. Given that c is in the plane of a, b and d
  a  b   b  a    a  b    a  b  is not in the plane of a, b then

 b  a   c  a   a  b   c  a 
a  b   c  d  is
1) in the plane of a, b but not in the plane of

EXERCISE - III c, d
2) parallel to a 3) parallel to c 4)parallel to b
1. If a , b , c be the three vectors such that
7. Unit vectors a , b , c are coplanar. A unit
a  b  c and b  c  a then
vector d is perpendicular to them. If
1) a  b  c  1 2) a  b  c  1
 a  b    c  d   16 i  13 j  13 k and the
3) a , b , c are orthogonal in pairs
angle between a and b is 300 then c 
4) | a || b || c |
i  2 j  2k 2i  j  k
2. a  b   c  a    p  q   1) 2)
3 3
1)  a .q  p   a . p  q  (b .a ) (a  c )  (b  c )  i  2 j  3k i  2 j  k
3) 4)
3 3
2)  a . q  p   a . p  q  (b .a )(a  c )
8.   
If a  i  j, b  i  k , then (a  b)  a  a  b 
3) a   p  q    a b c  c 4) a   p  a 
1) i  j  k 2) 2  i  2 j  k 
3. The vectors a and b are mutually
3)  i  j  k 4) i  j  k
perpendicular then a  a  a  a  b     9. Let a be a unit vector and b be a non-zero
2 4 4 vector not parallel to a . If two sides of a
1) a b 2) b a 3) a b 4) a b triangle are represented by the vectors
4. Let a  i  j , b  j  k , c  k  i . If d is a 3  a  b  and b   a . b  a then the angles
of the triangle are
unit vector such that a . d  0  b c d  ,
1) 900 , 600 , 300 2) 450 , 450 , 900
then d is equal to
3) 600 , 600 , 600 4) 750 , 450 , 600
 i  j  2k   i  j k  10. If b , c , d are non-coplanar vectors then the
1)    2)   
 6   3  vector  a  b    c  d    a  c    d  b 
 i  j k    a  d    b  c  is parallel to
3)    4)  k
 3  1) a 2) b 3) c 4) a  b

PINEGROVE 105
 VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

11. Let a be a unit vector and b be a non-zero 4. d is a vector perpendicular to a and coplanar
with b and c . Hence d is a vector collinear
vector not parallel to a . If u  3  a  b  and
a  b  c 
v   a  b   a then  u , v   with a   b  c  d 
a  b  c 
1) 00 2) 300 3) 900 4) 600
12. In a regular tetrahedron the angle between 5. a  b and c  d are perpendicular
any two faces is  a  b  . c  d   0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6. Parallel to c
1) sin 2) cos 3) tan 4) cos
3 3 3 3
7. a , b , c are coplanar   a b c   0 .
13. Let a, b and c be non-zero vectors such that
1 1 1
 a b d  c   a b c  d  i  j  k
 a  b   c  13 b c a. If  is the acute angle 1 1
6
1
3 3

  a  b  .d  c  i  j  k
between the vectors b and c , then sin   6 3 3
(AIE-2004) 8. a
2
b .b  a   a .b  b 
1 2 2 2 2
1) 2) 3) 4) 9. Two sides are 3  a  b  ,  a  b   a . Observe
3 3 3 3
14.   
 a b  b c
   b  c    c  a  c  a    a  b   
that 3  a  b  .  a  b   a  0 
4  angle between these two sides is 900 .
1) 0 2) 4  a b c  3)  a b c  4) 2  a b c 
Lengths of these two sides are in the ratio 3 :1 .
15. Let a  j  k , c  i  j  k then vector b So the remaining angles are 600 , 300 .
satisfying a  b  c  0 and a .b  3 10. By using vectors product of four vectors formula,
is the value of the given vector is 2 b c d  a .
1)  i  j  2k 2) 2 i  j  2k So it is parallel to a .
3) i  j  2k 4) i  j  2k   
11. u . v  3 a  b .  a  b  a   
EXERCISE- III - KEY  u , v are perpendicular vectors.
01) 3 02) 2 03) 3 04) 1 05) 1
06) 3 07) 1 08) 2 09) 1 10) 1 12. Let OABC be the regular Tetrahedron and a , b , c
11) 3 12) 2 13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 be the position vectors of A, B, C.
EXERCISE - III - HINTS OA = OB = OC = AB = BC = CA
1. a  b  c  c is  r a and b, also  a  b  c  b a  c b  a b
b  c  a  a is  r b and c Let  be the angle between the faces OBC and
 a , b , c are mutually perpendicular b  c  .  c  a 
OCA.  cos   ...... (1)
2. a  b   c  a    p  q  b c c a


a   b .a  c   b .c  a  p  q  Observe that a .b  b .c  c .a
 1 2
 b .a   a  c    a .q  p   a . p  q  a b cos  a
3 2
a   a .b  a   a .a  b   a  b  a 
2
3.  3 2
a  b  b  c  c  a  a a sin  a
3 2
a a   a   b  a    a  a  b  a   a
2 4
b

106 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR PRODUCT OF TRIPLE PRODUCT

A(a) 1) Both I and II are true and II is the correct

explanation of I
2) Both I and II are true but II is not correct
explanation of I.
O
3) I is true, II is false
B(b) 4) I is false, II is true
13. Use  a  b   c   a .c  b   b .c  a 4. Statement-I : a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors.
2 2 Then
14.  a b c   a b c 
  
 a b  b c
   b  c    c  a   c  a    a  b 
15. a  b  c  0  a   a  b    a  c   0
  a b c 
 a .b  a   a .a  b   a  c   0 3a  2b  a  c  0
 2b  3a  a  c  0  b   i  j  2k Statement-II : If a , b , c are three non
coplanar vectors then
EXERCISE - IV 
 a b c  a  b
   
b c a  b  c  c a b   c  a  

1. Match the following
3
I. (a  b )  c  a) 0   a b c 

(b  c )  a  (c  a )  b 1) Only I is true
2) Only II is true

II. a  2b 2b  c a  5c  
b) (a .d ) a b c  3) Both I & II are true
III. (a  b )  (b  c ) 
c) a b c b  4) Neither I nor II are true

IV. (a  b )  (a  c ) .d  
d) 12 a b c  EXERCISE - IV - KEY
1) c,a,b,d 2) a,d,c,b 01) 2 02) 3 03) 1 04) 4
3) b,c,d,a 4) b,a,c,d
2. Match the following EXERCISE - IV - HINTS
List-I List-II 1. i) Use definition of vector product of three vectors.
ii) Use definition of scalar triple product.
A)  a  b    a  c   .d 1)  a .a   b  a 
iii) Use definition of vector product of four vectors
4 iv) Use definition of vector product of four vectors
B) b  c c  a a  b  2)  a b c 
2. 1)  a  b    a  c   .d    a b c  a  0  .d
C) a   a   a  b   3)  a b c   a .d 
2
2 2) b  c c  a a  b    a b c 
D) If a || b  c then 4)  a b c 
2

 a  b . a  c   5) a
2
b . c     
3) a  a  a  b   a  a .b a  a b 

1) A -2, B - 4, C - 1, D - 3 2

2) A - 3, B - 2, C - 5, D - 4
a b  a 
3) A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 5 3. Let p  a   b  c  , q  b  c  a  ,
4) A - 5, B - 4, C - 1, D - 3
3. Statement-I : a  b c  , b  c a  , c  a b  aree r  c  a  b 
coplanar vectors. pq r  0.
Statement-II : If there exists scalars , m, n 2
4.  a  b b  c c  a    a b c 
not all zero's such that a  mb  nc  0 then
the vectors a , b , c are coplanar.. and la mb nc   lmn  a b c 

PINEGROVE 107
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

VECTOR ALGEBRA
WORKEDOUT EXAMPLES W.E-3: If a and b are unit vectors then greatest
W.E-1:Let PN be the Perpendicular from the point
and least values of a  b  a  b are
P 1, 2,3 to xy-plane. If OP makes an angle
 with positive direction of the Z-axis and A. 2,-2 B. 4, 4 2
ON makes an angle  with the positive C. 2 2, 2 D. 2 2, 2 2
direction of x-axis, where O is the Origin Sol: (C)
(  and  are acute angles) then
2 1
Given a  b  1 Let a, b   then  
A. sin  sin   B. Cos cos   2 2 2
14 14 a  b  a  b  2a.b
5  
C. tan   D. tan   2 = 2  2cos  = 4 cos
2
 a  b  2 cos
3 2 2
Sol: (A, C, D)

Let OP  r then Similarly, a  b  2sin
2
r sin  cos   1......(1) ; r sin  sin   2......(2)
  
r cos   3......(3)  a  b  a  b  2  cos  sin 
 2 2
On squaring and adding, we get
0  0
r 2  14  r   14 Clearly   0,180    0,90 
Using (1),(2),(3) and (4) we get required result. 2
 greatest value= 2 2 , least value= 2(1)  2
W.E-2:In a four-Dimensional space where unit
W.E-4: Let ABCD be a tetrahedron with AB=41,
vector along axes are i, j , k and l and BC=36, CA=7, DA=18, DB=27, DC=13. If
a1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 are four non-zero vectors such ‘d’ is the distance between the midpoints of
edges AB and CD, then
that no vector can be expressed as linear
combination of others and A. The last digit of d 2 is 7 B. d 2  137
C. The last digit of d 2 is 6 D. d 2  126
  1  a1 a2   a2 a3  r a3 a4 2a2  a3 a4  o
Sol: Take D as the origin DA  a , DB  b , DC  c
Then
A.   1 B.   2 / 3 C. r  2 / 3 D.   1/ 3 a 18, b  27, c 13, a b  41, b c  36, c  a  7
Sol: (A, B) 2
 a b c 
  1  a1 a2    a2 a3   r  a3  a4 2a2   a3 a4  o 2
d   
 2 2
  1 a1 1   2  a2    1 a3     a4  0 2 2 2
 4d 2  a  b  c  2a .b  2a .c  2b .c
a1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 are linearly independent 2 2
2
a  b  a  b  2a .b
   1  0 .............(1) 1      2  0.......(2)
2 2
    1  0.....(3)     0....(4) 2
b  c  b  c  2b .c
By solving (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
2 2 2
2 1 1 c  a  c  a  2c .a
  1,   ;    ,  
3 3 3 using the above results we get d 2  137

108 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

W.E-5: Let aˆ , bˆ, cˆ be unit vectors such that W.E-7:If the distance of the point B  i  2 j  3k 
aˆ  bˆ  cˆ  0 and x, y, z be distinct integers from the line which is passing through
then x aˆ  y bˆ  zcˆ cannot be equal to 
A 4i  2 j  2k  and Parallel to the vector

A)1 B) 2 C.2 D.3 c  2i  3 j  6k is  then  6   4   2  1 is

Sol: a, b, c form an equilateral triangle and angle A.1001 B.1101 C.1111 D.1011

2 Sol: Given B  1, 2,3

between each pair is
3 A   4, 2, 2  and c  2i  3 j  6 k
2
 xa  yb  zc  x 2  y 2  z 2  xy  yz  zx B

1 2 2 2
  x  y    y  z    z  x  
2
AB  c
1
Minimum value  1  1  4 = 3 Then    10
2 c
 xa  yb  zc  3 A C
c
W.E-6: In an Isosceless triangle ABC,
  6   4   2  1  1000  100  10  1  1111
AB  BC  8 . A point E divides AB W.E-8: a  i  k , b  i  j and c  i  2 j  3k
internally in the ratio 1 :3 then the angle be three given vectors. if r is a vector such
between CE and CA where CA  12 is
that r  b  c  b and r.a  0 then the value
 7
1
3 7 
1
A. cos  8  B. cos  8  of r.b is
   
Sol: Given r  b  c  b
1
 7 
1 3 7
 Taking cross product on both sides with a
C. cos  4  D. cos  4 
   
   
 r b a  cb a
Sol: Let ‘A’ be the fixed point and AB  b, AC  c
  r.a  b   a.b  r   c.a  b   a.b  c
Then b  8 , c  8 , b  c  12
 0  r  4b  c  r  4b  c
2
Now, b  c  144  r  3i  6 j  3k  r.b  3  6  9
2 2 W.E-9:Let O be an interior point of ABC such
 b  c  2b.c  144    
that OA  2OB  3OC  0, Then the ratio of
 b.c  72
the area of ABC to the area of AOC is
Since AE : EB  1: 3
     
1 b b Area of ABC 1/ 2  a  b  b  c  c  a
 AE  AB  CE  AE  AC   c Sol: Area of AOC   
4 4 4 1/ 2  a  b

b 
  c  c   2
c 
b.c Now a  2 b  3 c  0
[Link] cos    4   4 3 7     
cos   cross with b , a  b  3c  b  0
CE C A b  b
c c
8
   
c c
4 4     
 a , 2a  b  3a  c  0  a  b  3 b  c  
PINEGROVE 109
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

  3     1 1 1  1 1 
2

Hence, a  b   c  a   3 b  c  B'   , ,  , N   , ,0
2 2 2 2 2 
 
     3p   p
Let  c  a   p. Them a  b  b c   1 1 1 
2 2 Now AB line equation is r  t  i  j  k
2 2 2 
Hence, the ratio is 
          CD line equation is r   i  j   s  i 
a b  b c  c  a 3 p / 2   p / 2  p 3 p
      3  shortest distance
p p p
1 1 0
W.E-10: If the planes x  cy  bz  0 ,
1 1 1
cx  y  az  0 and bx  ay  z  0 Pass 2 2 2
through a line then the value of a  c b d   1 0 0 2
=  
 
a 2  b 2  c 2  2abc is bd 1 1 3
 k j
Sol: Given plane are x  cy  bz  0.......(1) 2 2
cx  y  az  0.......(2) bx  ay  z  0.......(3) W.E-12: The length of two opposite edges of a
Equation of plane passing through the line of tetrahedron are a,b and their shortest distance
intersection of planes (1) and (2) may be taken as is d and angle between them is  then volume
of tetrahedron is
 x  cy  bz     cx  y  az   0.........(4)
1 2
Now, Planes (3) and (4) are same A. abd sin  B. abd sin 
6 6
1  c   c    b  a
   1
b a 1 C. d sin  D. abd cos 
6
By Eliminating  , we get a 2  b 2  c 2  2abc  1 C
W.E-11: ABCD is a square of unit side. It is folded
along the diagonal AC, So that the plane ABC
is Perpendicular to the plane ACD. The O A
shortest distance between AB and CD is Sol:
1 3 2 B
A) 3 B) C. D.
3 2 3 Let OA  l , OB  m , OC  n then
D C 
The Equation of line OA is r  tl .............(1)

N and Equation of line BC is
Sol:
 
r  m  s n  m ................(2)
A B
Let Square ABCD intially lies in xy-plane with A Since OA, BC are opposite edges
lying at Origin , AB along x-axis and AD along y- Now shortest dist an ce  d
axis then AB  BC  CD  AD  1
Let ' N ' be the foot of peependicular from ‘B’ to m l n  m  l m n
  d
  d
AC then BN 
1 l nm 
ab sin
2
Let B be new position of B after folding along
'  l m n   abd sin 
diagonal AC then Co-ordinates of various points
in 3D are 1 1
 volume = l m n  abd sin
A=(0,0,0), B=(1,0,0) ,C=(1,1,0),D=(0,1,0) 6 6

110 PINEGROVE
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-V

W.E-13: Let a  i  2 j  2k , b  2i  3 j  6k and   

So a  b  c   ,   , 
a b c
c  4i  4 j  7 k . A vector which is equally
inclined to these three vectors is perpendicular x y z
And point  ,  ,   is on plane    1
to the plane passing through the points a b c
pa, qb and rc . If p,q,r are the least possible    1
2
 2  2 1  
positive integers, then the value of p  q  r So a b c 1 1 1
 
is a2 b2 c2
A)19 B)37 C)53 D)111
1 1 1
Sol: Let r be required vector then  ,  , 
So , a  12  12  12  b  12  12  12  c  12  12  12 
 r, a    r, b    r, c  a b c  a b c  a b c 
 
cos  r , a   cos  r , b   cos  r , c  W.E-15: Let a, b, c are three vectors along the
adjacent edges of a tetrahedron, if
x 2y 2z 2x 3y 6z 4x 4y 7z       
    k  say a  | b || c | 2 and a.b  b.c  c.a  1, then
3 7 9
volume of tetrahedron is
 x  2 y  2 z  3k ..........(1)
1 2 3 2 2
2 x  3 y  6 z  7 k ...........(2) A) B. C. D.
2 3 2 3
4 x  4 y  7 z  9k ...........(3)
by solving above equations we get a.a a.b a.c 4 1 1
1 1 3
x : y : z  3 : 5 : 7  r  3i  5 j  7 k b.a b.b b, c  1 4 1 
Sol: volume = 6 6 2
Since r is perpendicular to the plane passing c.a c.c c.c 1 1 4

through the points pa, pb, rc [Link] shortest distance between the two
opposite edges of a regular tetrahedron of edge
  
 r. pa  pb  0, r. qb  rc  0  8 units is
 p  r.a   q  r.b  and q  r.b   r  r.c  C
Sol:
p q r
 p  27   q  63  r  81   
21 9 7 O A
 least possible value of p  q  r  37
W.E-14: Let the position vector of the orthocentre
of ABC be r , then which of the following B
statement(s) is/are correct ( Given position Let OA  l , OB  m , OC  n
vectors of points A,B,C are ai, b j, ck and 
The Equation of line OA is r  tl .............(1)
abc  0 ) 
and Equation of line BC is
1
r.i 
a r.i 
A. 1 1 1
  B.  1 1 1
a 2  2  2 
 
r  m  s n  m ................(2)
a 2 b2 c 2 a b c 
Since OA, BC are opposite edges
r.i r.j r.k a b c r.i r.j r.k b c a
C.       b  c  a D.       a  b  c m l n  m l m n 
r. j r.k r.i r. j r.k r.i      16
Now ,S.D =  2
Sol: Let orthocentre r   i   j   k l nm  l nm  8  
PINEGROVE 111
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-V VECTOR ALGEBRA

W.E-17: a, b, c are three unit vectors equally 2. ‘I’ is the incentre of triangle ABC, whose
corresponding sides are a, b, c respectively.
inclined   
aIA  bIB  cIC is always equal to
  
to each other at an angle then the value of (A) 0 (B)  a  b  c  BC
3
    
2
 a  b b  c c  a    a  b b  c c  a  is
   
 
(C) a  b  c AC (D)  a  b  c  AB
3. If D, E, F are midpoints of the sides BC, CA,
3 5 7 AB respectively of a triangle ABC and O is
A. B. C. D.4
4 2 2  2  1 
any point then AD  BE  CF =
1 1 3 3
1   1  
a.a a.b a.c 2 2 (A) AC (B) 2AC (C) AC (D) 0
2 1 1 1 2
 a b c   b.a b.b b.c  1   
  2 2 2 4. If a and b are non-collinear vectors such that
Sol:      
c.a c.b c.c 1 1
1 p   x  4  a  b and q   2  2 x  a  2b are
2 2 collinear, then the value of x is
2
(A) 3/2 (B) -3/2 (C) 2/3 (D) -2/3
  a  b b  c c  a    a  b b  c c  a   5. Let ‘O’ be the centre of regular pentagon
and OA  a then
2 5 2
 2 a b c   2
  a b c  =
AB  2 BC  3CD  4 DE  5 EA 
W.E-18: The median AD of the triangle ABC is (A) 0 (B) 4a (C) 5a (D) 15a
bisected at E and BE meets AC at F. If AF:AC
u v 2u
=1/k then the value k AB   and AC 
6. If in ABC , u v u
A

where u  v then
F
(A) 1  cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2C  0
E
(B) 1  cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2C  2
(C) Both A and B (D) None of these
B(b) D  
7. If a and b are two unit vectors and  is the
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 angle between them, then the unit vector along
AE DB CF  
. . 1 the angular bisector of a and b will given by
Sol: By using menelaw’s theorem    
ED BC FA
ab ab
1 1 CF AF 1 AF 1 (A) (B)
 . . 1     2 cos  / 2 2 cos  / 2
1 2 FA FC 2 AC 3  K  3    
ab ab
(C) (D)
EXERCICE - V cos  / 2 cos  / 2
  
8. a and c are unit vectors and b  4 . The
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1  1 
angle between a and c is cos   . If
1. ABCD is a quadrilateral. E is the point of
intersection of the line joining the midpoints 4
of the opposite sides. If O is any point and    then value of is
     b  2c   a 
OA  OB  OC  OD  xOE then x is equal to 1 3 1 3
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 7 (D) 4 A) 3, 4 B) , C) 3, 4 D) ,
4 4 4 4

PINEGROVE 112
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

9.
 
Let u , v and w  be such that u  1, v  2 and 15. Let â and be mutually perpendicular unit
b̂
 vectors. If r is any arbitrary vector then
w  3 . If the projection of v along u is equal
   
to that of w along  and vectors  and  are
u v w       
A) r   r .aˆ  aˆ  r .bˆ bˆ  r . aˆ  bˆ aˆ  bˆ
      
perpendicular to each other, then u  v  w
equals to
      
B) r   r .aˆ  aˆ  r .bˆ bˆ  r . aˆ  bˆ aˆ  bˆ
   
A) 2 B) 7 C) 14 D) 14       
C) r   r .aˆ  aˆ  r .bˆ bˆ  r . aˆ  bˆ aˆ  bˆ
 
vectors such that u  v  w
      
10. Let u,v and w 


 0. D) r   r .a  a  r .b b  
w  5 , then 16. Let   
 
If | u | 3,| v | 4 and OA  i  2 j  2k . In the plane OA and i
      
u .v  v . w  w . v is [IIT JEE 1995] rotate OA through 90 about the origin O such
(A) 47 (B) -25 (C) 0 (D) 25 
that the new position of OA is
 
11. If a,b and c are unit vectors, then 1 1
 
2
 
2
 
2 does not exceed
A)
2

4i  j  k B)  2
4i  2 j  2k 
| a b |  | b c |  | c  a |
[IIT JEE 2001] C) 2 j  2k D) 6i  3k
(A) 4 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 6 17. Let two non-collinear unit vectors â and b̂
form an acute angle. A point P moves so that

 
12. If a and b are two unit vectors such that a 2b
 
at any time t the position vector OP (where O
  is the origin) is given by âcos t  bˆ sin t . When P
and 5 a  b are perpendicular to each other,,
is farthest from origin O, let M be the length
then the angle between a and b is 
of OP 
and û be the unit vector along OP then
[IIT JEE 2002] [IIT JEE 2008]
(A) 45° (B) 60° â  bˆ
ˆˆ
(A) û  | aˆ  bˆ | and M  (1  a.b)
1/ 2

1  1  1  2 
(C) cos  3  (D) cos  7 
   
â  bˆ
    ˆˆ
(B) û  | aˆ  bˆ | and M  (1  a.b)
1/ 2
13. 4-points whose position Vectors a , b , c and d
are coplanar and
     â  bˆ
ˆ ˆ 1/ 2
(C) û  | aˆ  bˆ | and M  (1 2a.b)
 sin   a   2sin 2   b   3sin 3  c  d  0 .
then the least value of
â  bˆ
2 2 2 ˆˆ
(D) û  | aˆ  bˆ | and M  (1 2a.b)
1/ 2
sin   sin 2   sin 3 is

18. If a satisfies a  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ  iˆ  kˆ then a is
1 1
A)
14
B) 14 C) 6 D)
6
 
equal to
14. If a is a real constant and A, B and C are 
A) iˆ   2  1 j   kˆ,   R
variable angles and 2
a  4 tan A  a tan B
B) iˆ  1  2  ˆj   kˆ,   R
 a 2  4 tan c  6a , then the least value of
tan 2 A  tan 2 B  tan 2 C is C) iˆ   2  1 ˆj   kˆ,   R
A) 6 B) 10 C) 12 D) 3 D) iˆ  1  2  ˆj   kˆ,   R

PINEGROVE 113
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

19. Let the position vectors of the points P and Q 24. In figure,   
AB  3i  j , AC  2i  3 j and
be 4iˆ  ˆj   kˆ and 2iˆ  ˆj   kˆ respectively.. 
DE  4i  2 j then the area of the shaded
ˆ
Vector iˆ  ˆj  6k is perpendicular to the plane region in square units is
containing the origin and the points P and Q A
then  is
1 1
A) B) C) 1 D) 1
2 2 D

  
20. If a , b , c are unit vectors such that
    E
a.b  0  a.c and the angle between b and c B C

     A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8
is then the value of a  b  a  c is     
3 25. If a  (iˆ  ˆj  k), 
ˆ a.b  1 and a b  ˆj  kˆ then b
1 1 is [IIT JEE 2003]
A) B) 1 C) 2 D)
2 3 (A) ˆi  ˆj  kˆ (B) 2ˆj  kˆ (C) î (D) 2iˆ
 
21. If a and b are any two vectors of magnitudes       
26. Let a,b,c be unit vectors such that a  b  c  0 .
1 and 2 respectively, and
Which one of the following is correct
 2     2
   
1  3a.b  2a  b  3 a  b  47 then the [IIT JEE 2007]

      

angle between a and b is

(A) a b  b c  c a  0
      
(B) a b  b c  c  a  0
 1  1 
A) B)   cos         
3 4 (C) a b  b c  a c  0
2 1  1 
     

C) D) cos (D) a b,b c,c  a are mutually perpendicular

 
3 4
    
  27. If a and b are vectors such that a  b  29
22. If a and b are any two vectors of magnitudes
 
2 and 3 respectively
  
such that
  
and a  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ  b 
   
2 a  b  3 a.b  k then the maximum then

a possible value of

value of k is  
a  b . 7iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ is 
[IITJEE 2012]
A) 13 B) 2 13 C) 6 13 D) 10 13 A) 0 B) 3 C) 4 D) 8
23. The vertex A of triangle ABC is on the line   
 28. If the vectors a, b and c form the sides
r  iˆ  ˆj   kˆ and the vertices B and C have BC,CAand AB respectively of a triangle ABC
respective position vectors iˆ and ĵ . Let  then [IIT JEE 2000]
           

 3 33  (A) a. b  b.c  c .a  0 (B) a b  b c  c  a

be the area of the triangle and    2 , 2             
  (C) a . b  b.c  c .a (D) a  b  b c  c  a  0
then the range of values of  corresponding 29. Let ABC be a given triangle. If
to  is BA  t BC  AC for any t  R then
A)  8, 4   4,8 B)  4, 4
ABC is
C)   2, 2  D)  4, 2   
 2, 4 (A)Equilateral (B)Righangled
(C)Issosceles (D)None of these

114 PINEGROVE
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
30. a and b are two mutually perpendicular unit 36. If a  ˆi  ˆj  k,  
ˆ b  4iˆ  3ˆj  4kˆ and c  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
vectors and c is a unit vector inclined at an 

  are linearly dependent vectors and | c | 3

angle  to both a and b if
then [IIT JEE 1998]
    

c  xa  xb  y a  b , where  x, y  R , (A)   1,    1 (B)   1,  1
(C)   1,  1 (D)   1,  1
exhaustive range of  is
  
37. For three vectors u, v,w which of the following
  3    3     
A)  , B)  , C)   , D)  0, expressions is not equal to any of the remaining
 2 2   4 4   2   2 
 three? [IIT JEE 1998]
31. b and c are unit vectors. Then for any      
 (A) u.( v w) (B) (v w).u
arbitrary vector a the value of
     
        (C) v .(u w) (D) (u v).w
   
a  b  a  c   b  c . b  c     
38. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b  ˆi  ˆj . If c is a vector
is always equal to     

  such that a.c |c |, | c  a | 2 2 and the angle

 1 1
A) a B) a C) a D) 0     
2 3 between (a b) and c is 30° then | (a b)  c | is

32. If a and b are non-zero non-collinear vectors equal to [IIT JEE 1999]
      2 3
then  a b iˆ  iˆ   a b ˆj  ˆj   a b kˆ  kˆ is equal to (A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3
3 2
   
A) a  b B) a  b C) a  b D) b  a 
39. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  k,

ˆ b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and a unit vector
 
33. If a  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ, b  iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ,   
c be coplanar. If c is perpendicular to a then

c  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and 1    iˆ   1    ˆj 
c is equal to [IIT JEE 1999]
  
 1   1    kˆ  a  b  c   then  ,  (A)
1 ˆ ˆ
(  j  k) (B)
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(  i  j  k)
2 3
and  are
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
2 2 (C) (i  2ˆj) (D) (i  j  k)
A) 2, 4,  B) 2, 4, 5 5
3 3  
40. If a,b and c are unit coplanar vectors, then
2 2
C) 2, 4, D) 2, 4,       
3 3 the scalar triple product [2 a  b,2 b  c,2 c  a] is
34. Let a, b, c be distinct non-negative numbers. equal to [IIT JEE 2000]
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
If the vectors ai  aj  ck, i  k and ci  cj  bk ˆ ˆ (A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  3 (D) 3
lie in a plane then c is [IIT JEE 1993] 41. Let  
and
a  ˆi  k,
ˆ b  xiˆ  ˆj  (1  x)kˆ
(A) the Arithmetic Mean of a and b
   
(B) the Geometric Mean of a and b c  yiˆ  xjˆ  (1  x  y)kˆ then [a b c] depends on
(C) the Harmonic Mean of a and b [IIT JEE 2001]
(D) equal to zero. (A) only x (B) only y
 
ˆ c  kˆ  ˆi . If  is a unit
35. Let a  ˆi  ˆj, b  ˆj  k, (C) neither x nor y (D) both x and y
d
       

vector such that a. d  0  [b c d] then d equals 42. Let V  2 i  j  k and W  i  3 k . If U is a unit

  

vector then the maximum value of the scalar

to [IIT JEE 1995]
  
ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ ˆi  ˆj  kˆ ˆi  ˆj  kˆ triple product [U V W] is [IIT JEE 2002]
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) k̂
6 3 3 (A) - 1 (B) (C) (D)
10  6 59 60

PINEGROVE 115
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

43. The value of ‘a’ so that the volume of   

50. If a,b,c are non-coplanar unit vectors such
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
parallelopiped formed by i  aj  k, j  ak and
 

aiˆ  kˆ become minimum, is [IIT JEE 2003]

   (b  c)
that a (b c)  then the angle between
1 2
(A) -3 (B) 3 (D) 3 (C)  
3 a and b is [IIT JEE 1995]
44. The unit vector which is orthogonal to the
3  
vector 3iˆ  2jˆ  6kˆ and is coplanar with the (A) (B) (C) (D) 
4 4 2
vectors 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and ˆi  ˆj  kˆ is [IIT JEE 2004] 51. If   and  are three non-coplanar vectors
a,b c
2iˆ  6ˆj  kˆ 2iˆ  3ˆj   
    
(A) (B) then  a  b  c  .[( a  b )  (a  c )] equals [IIT-1995]
41 13
  
3 ˆj  kˆ 4iˆ  3ˆj  3kˆ (A) 0 (B) [a b c]
(C) (D)
10 34      
  
(C) 2.[a b c] (D) [a b c]
45. Let a  ˆi  2ˆj  k, ˆ c  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ . A
ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj  k,
  

 
52. Let p,q, r be three mutually perpendicular
vector coplanar to a and b has a projection
vectors of the same magnitude. If a vector x
1
along c of magnitude then the vector is       
3 satisfies the equation p  (x  q)  p   q
[IIT JEE 2006]  
(A) 4iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ (B) 4iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ   

  
 
  (x  r )  q   r   (x  p)  r   0
 

then x is
   
(C) 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (D) none of these
given by [IIT JEE 1997]
46. The number of distinct real values of  , for
1    1   
which the vectors 2 ˆi  ˆj  k,
ˆ ˆi   2 ˆj  kˆ and (A) (p  q 2 r ) (B) (p  q r )
2 2
ˆi  ˆj   2kˆ are coplanar is [IIT JEE 2006]
1   
1   

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (C) (p  q r ) (D) (2 p  q r )

3 3
 
47. Let a, b and c be the three vectors having 53. Let the vectors    and  be such that
a, b,c d
magnitudes 1, 5 and 3 respectively, such that

the angle between a and b is  and
   
(a b)  (c  d)  0 . Let P 1 and P 2 be planes
       

 
a  a  b  c then tan  is equal to determined by the pairs of vectors a,b and c, d
respectively then the angle between P1 and P2
2 3 3 is [IIT JEE 2000]
A) 0 B) C) D)
3 5 4
     
48. If a.b   and a  b  c then b is (A) 0 (B)
4
(C)
3
(D)
2
      54. ' OABC ' is a tetrahedron whose faces are
 a  a  c   a  a c 
A) 2 B) 2 equilateral triangle of unit side such that
a a
      OA  a , OB  b then 3OC 
c  a c  a  a c 
2 2
C) a
D) a  
(A) a  b  2 a  b
      
49. If a  b  c , b  d  0 and c.d  0 then (B) a  b  3  a  b 
  

d  ad  (C) a  b  2  a  b 
2 is always equal to
d
  (D) a  b  2 2  a  b 
A) a B) d C) b D) c

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

  
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS 61. If a , b and c are non-coplanar vectors and 
55. The sides of a parallelogram are is a real number , then the vectors
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^      
2 i  4 j  5 k and i  2 j  3 k . The unit a  2b  3c,  b   c and  2  1 c are
vector parallel to one of the diagonals is coplanar for
1 ^ ^ ^
 1 ^ ^ ^
 1
(A)  3 i  6 j  2 k  (B)  3 i  6 j  2 k  (A) all values of  (B)  
7  7  2
(C)  0 (D) no value of 
1 ^ ^ ^
 1  ^ ^ ^

(C)  i  2 j  8 k  (D)   i  2 j  8 k  62. The vector ^ ^ ^
69   69   i  x j  3 k is rotated through an
56. Let ABC be a triangle , the position vectors of angle  and doubled in magnitude and
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^
whose vertices are 7 j  10 k ,  i  6 j  6 k and becomes 4 i   4 x  2  j  2 k . The values of x
^ ^ ^
 4 i  9 j  6 k . Then ABC is are
(A) 1 (B) -2/3 (C) 2 (D) 4/3
(A) isosceles (B) equilateral  
(C) right angled (D) scalane 63. If unit vectors a and b are inclined at an angle
 
57. All values of  such that x,y,z   0, 0, 0  and 2 such that a  b  1 and 0     , then 
^ ^ ^
  ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ lies in the interval
 i  j  3 k  x   3 i  3 j  k  y   4 i  5 j  z
         5 
A) 0,  B)  , 
 ^ ^ ^
  6  6 
   x i  y j  z k  where i^, ^j , k^ are unit
       5 
C)  ,  D)  , 
vectors along the 6 2 2 6 

64. If a and b are non zero vectors such that
co-ordinate axes.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -1 (D) 2
    
^ ^ ^ a  b  a  2b , then
58. The vectors a  x i 2 j 5 k and
 ^ ^ ^   2   2
A) 2 a .b  b B) a .b  b
b  i  y j  z k are collinear if
(A) x =1, y=-2, z=-5 (B) x=1/2, y=-4, z=-10  1
(C) x=-1/2, y=4, z=10 (D) x=-1, y=2, z=5 C) least value of .b   2
a is 2
59. A vector of magnitude 2 along a bisector of b 2
the angle between the two vectors
 1
      D) least value of a.b   2 is 2 1
2 i  2 j  k and i  2 j  2 k is b 2
2   1   
65. The angles of a triangle, two of whose sides
(A) (3 i  k) (B) ( i  4 j  3k)
10 26 
2    1 ˆ
are represented by vectors 3 aˆ  b and  
(C)
26
( i  4 j  3k) (D)
10
i  3kˆ   
  
bˆ  aˆ.b aˆ , where b is a non-zero vector and
60. If A (-4,0,3), B(14,2,-5) then which one of the 
following points lie on the bisector of the angle â is a unit vector in the direction of b , are
 
between OA and OB (O is the origin of 1  1 

reference)
A) tan
1
3   B) tan 
 3

(A) (2,2,4) (B) (2,11,5)
(C) (-3,-3,-6) (D) (1,1,2) C) cot 1  0  D) tan 1 1

PINEGROVE 117
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

               
66. If a  2b  3c  0 ,then a  b  b  c  c  a   
72. If a  b  c is perpendicular to a  b  c  
   

A) 2 a  b  B) 6 b  c   then
    2   
C) 3  c  a  D) 0   
A)  a.c  b  a.b b .c B) a.b  0
       
67. If a  b  c , b  c  a , where c  0 , then C) a.c  0 D) b .c  0
    73. Vectors perpendicular to iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and in the
A) a  c B) a  b
    plane of iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and i  ˆj  kˆ are
C) b  1 D) a  b  c  1
A) iˆ  kˆ B) 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
68. Let x, y and z be three vectors each of C) 3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ D) 4iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ
 
magnitude 2 and the angle between each 74. Let   aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ ,   biˆ  cjˆ  akˆ and
 
pair of them is . If a is a non-zero vector   ciˆ  ajˆ  bkˆ be three coplanar vectors with
a  b and v  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ . Then v is
3 
perpendicular to x and y  z and b is a non perpendicular to
    
zero vector perpendicular to y and z  x , A)  B)  C)  D)   
then (IIT-2014)  
75. If vectors A  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ , B  iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ and
 
  
(A) b  b.z z  x   
(B) a  a. y y  z C form a left-handed system, then C is
A) 11iˆ  6 ˆj  kˆ B) 11iˆ  6 ˆj  kˆ
  
(C) a.b   a. y b.z (D) a  a. y z  y  
C) 11iˆ  6 ˆj  kˆ D) 11iˆ  6 ˆj  kˆ
^ ^ ^
 
69. If  x, y, z    0, 0,0  and  i  j  3 k  x 76. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  k,ˆ b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ


 ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ three vectors. A vector in the plane of b and

  3 i  3 j  k  y   4 i  5 j  z
    
 2
c , whose projection on a is of magnitude 3
 ^ ^ ^

a
=  x i  y j  z k  , then the value of a is is
 
(A) 2iˆ  3ˆj  3kˆ (B) 2iˆ  3ˆj  3kˆ
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 2 (D) 0
 (C) 2iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ (D) 2iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ
70. A vector a has the components 2p and 1 w.r.t
77. Which of the following expressions are
a rectangular cartesian sytem. This system is meaningful
rotated through a certain angle about the
   
(A) u.(v w)
  
(B) (u. v).w
origin in the counter clockwise sense. If a has
     
components (p+1) and 1 with respect to a new (C) (u. v) w (D) u (v .w)
system then p is equal to 
(A) -1 (B) -1/3 (C) 1 (D) 2 78. Let A be vector parallel to line of intersection
  of planes P1 and P2 through origin. P1 is parallel
71. Let a and b be two non-collinear unit vectors. to the vectors 2ˆj  3kˆ and 4ˆj  3kˆ and P2 is
        
If u  a  (a.b)b and v  a b then | v | is parallel to ˆj  kˆ and 3iˆ  3ˆj , then the angle
   
(A) | u | (B) | u |  | u.a | 
between vector A and 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ is
          3
(C) | u |  | u.b | (D) | u |  u.(a  b) (A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 6 4

118 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

79. If x b  c b and x  a then x is equal to Statement 2:If ABC is an isosceles triangle
     
with AB=AC=1, then the vector representing
b (a c) (b c)  a) the bisector of angle A is given by
(A)   (B)     
b.c
  
b.a 
AD  AB  AC / 2 
(C)
 
a (c b)

a. b  c
(D)  
  84. Statement 1 : If cos  , cos  and cos  are the
 
a.b a.b direction cosines of any line segment,
80. The resolved part of the vector a along the cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1
Statement 2 : If cos  , cos  and cos  aree
vector b is  and that perpendicular to b is
the direction cosines of a line

 . Then segment, cos 2  cos 2   cos 2  1
      85. Statement 1: The direction cosines of one of

(a.b) a 
(a.b) b the angular bisectors of two intersecting lines
(A)   (B)  
a2 b2 having direction cosines as
         l1 , m1 , n1 , and l2 , m2 , n2 are proportional to

(b . b ) a  (a . b ) b  b (a b )
(C)   (D)   
b 2
b 2 l1  l2 , m1  m2 , n1  n2
ASSERSION-REASONING QUESTIONS Statement 2: The angle between the two
intersecting lines having direction cosines as
(A) STATEMENT–1 is True, STATEMENT–2 is
True; STATEMENT–2 is a correct l1 , m1 , n1 and l2 , m2 , n2 is given by
explanation for STATEMENT–1 cos   l1l2  m1m2  n1n2
(B) STATEMENT–1 is True, STATEMENT–2 is 
True; STATEMENT–2 is NOT a correct 86. Statement -1 : a  i  pj  2k and
explanation for STATEMENT–1 
b  2i  3j  qk are parallel vectors if
(C) STATEMENT–1 is True, STATEMENT–2 is
False 3
(D) STATEMENT–1 is False, STATEMENT–2 is p  ,q  4
2
True 
 Statement-2 : a  a1i  a2 j  a3k and
81. Statement 1: If a force F passes through
    a1 a2 a3
 
Q b , then moment of force F about P  a  b  b1i  b2 j  b3k are parallel b  b  b
  
is F  r when r  PQ
1 2 3
 
87. Statement-1 : If a  2i  k,b  3j  4k and
Statement 2: Moment is a vector      
82. Statement 1: If three points P,Q and R have c  a  b are coplanar then c  4a  b
      
position vectors a , b and c respectively , and Statement-2 : A set vectors a1,a2 ,a3 ......an is
  
2 a  3b  5c  0 then the points P.Q and R said to be linearly independent if every relation
must be collinear of the form
   
Statement 2 : If for three points A,B and C ; 1a1   2a2   3a3  ......   nan  0 implies
 
AB   AC then the points A,B and C must that  1   2   3 .....   n  0 (scalar).
be collinear
  88. Statement -1 : If I is the incentre of ABC
83. Statement 1: u and v are unit vectors      
 then BC IA  CA IB  AB IC  0
inclined at an angle  and x is a unit vector
Statement -2 : The position vector of centroid
bisecting the angle between them, then   
   OA  OB  OC
 
x  u  v /  2sin  / 2   of ABC is
3

PINEGROVE 119
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

PASSAGE TYPE QUESTIONS 90. If the interior and exterior bisectors of the
angle A of a triangle ABC meet the base BC
(P) L et the lines BB ' and CC ' intersect at A. Let at D and E, then

a be the P.V. of A with respect to origin O. 2 1 1
Now, let equations B ' B and C ' C be (A)   (B) 2BC = BC + BE
      BC BD BE
respectively r  a  tb and r  a  sc . Where 2
  (C)  BC   BD  BE (D) 2BD = BC + BE
t and s are scalars and AB is parallel to b   
  91. Let ABC be a triangle and a, b, c be the
and AC is parallel to c . Let P be any point on
position vectors of the points A, B, C
the bisectors of CAB. respectively. External bisectors of B and
 
Draw PM parpendicular AB and let OP  r C meet at P with the sides of the triangle as
CAP  PAM  APM a, b, c then the position vectors of P becomes
    
 AM  MP    say   bb  cc   aa  bb  cc 
(A)   b  c  (B)  a  b  c 
         
b c
 AP  AM  MP             
b c abc  aa  bb  cc 
  (C) abc   (D)  
 3   abc 
     (P) Let O, N, G and O ' are the circumcentre,
    r  a    b  c 
But OP  OA  AP b c centre of nine point circle, centroid and
  orthocenter of a triangle ABC respectively. AL
Which is the equation of internal bisector of and BM are perpendiculars from A and B on
CAB . sides BC and CA respectively. Let AD be the
The bisector AP ' of the external B' AC is median and OD is perpendicular to side BC.
the bisector of the angle between straight line Let R be the circum radius of triangle ABC,
  then OA = OB = OC = R.
whose directions are  b and c . Therefore Now, in OBD , OD = R cos A, in ABM ,
  
 
r  a  
b c
  
 
AO '  AM sec 90 0  C  O ' AM  90 0  C 
equation is  or
b c C cos A
   AM cos ec C   2R cos A
sin C
      AO'  2OD
c b
r  a        where  is some scalar.. If S be any point in the plane of triangle ABC
c b
  and AP is the diameter of the circumcircle.
On the basis of above information, answer the On the basis of above information, answer the
following questions following questions
   
89. A vector d , directed along the internal bisector 92. AO'  O' B  O'C is equal to
   
of the angle between the vectors (A) OO' (B) 2OO' (C) 2AO (D) 3SG
    
b  7iˆ  4 ˆj  4kˆ and c  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and 93. NA  NB  NC is equal to

d  5 6 is 1    
(A) OO ' (B) OO' (C) 2O' O (D) 2NG
2
5 ˆ ˆ 5 ˆ ˆ   
(A)
3
i  7 j  2kˆ  (B)
3
5i  5 j  2kˆ  94. SA  SB  SC is equal to

5 ˆ ˆ 5    1 

(C) i  7 j  2kˆ  (D) 
5iˆ  5ˆj  2kˆ  (A) SG (B) 2SG (C) 3SG (D) SG
3 3 2

120 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

   
(P) Let O be the origin, OA  a , OB  b be two 100. The position vector of the point of intersection
of the line and the plane is
vectors. Then the point OC  pa  qb lies
(A) î (B) ĵ (C) k̂ (D) ˆi  ˆj
(i) inside OAB , if p > 0, q> 0 and p + q < 1.
101. The position vector of the point on the given
(ii) outside OAB but inside AOB if p > 0,
1
q > 0 and p + q > 1. line whose distance from the plane is units
(iii) outside OAB but inside OAB if p < 0, 3
q > 0 and p + q < 1. is
(iv) outside OBA but inside OBA if p > 0, (A)  ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ (B) î
q < 0 and p + q < 1.
(C) 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (D) 3iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ
On the basis of above information answer the
following (P) A new operation * is defined between two non
1 1 parallel vectors  and  as
95. c  a  b
2 3 
      tan   , where  is the angle
(A) inside OAB , 2
(B) outside OAB but inside AOB
between  and  .
(C) outside OAB but inside OAB
(D) outside OBA but inside OBA 102. The condition for which  and  are
perpendicular is
1 1 2
96. c a b 
2 2 3
(A)     0 (B)    1
(A) inside OAB ,
(B) outside OAB but inside AOB   *
(C) outside OAB but inside OAB (C)     1 (D)   1
(D) outside OBA but inside OBA
103.    is
1 3 2 2
97. c   a  b (A)  (B) not defined (C) 0 (D)   3
2 4
(A) inside OAB 104. For     .
(B) outside OAB but inside AOB
(A)  = 0 is a necessary condition
(C) outside OAB but inside OAB
(D) outside OBA but inside OBA (B)  .   0 is a necessary condition
3 1 (C) t 3  t 2  t  1 is a sufficient condition, where
98. c  a  b
4 2 
t  tan (D)    is a necessary condition
(A) inside OAB 2
(B) outside OAB but inside AOB (P) Let ABC be a triangle, AD, BE, CF be the
(C) outside OAB but inside OAB angular bisectors of its interior angles. These
(D) outside OBA but inside OBA bisectors are concurrent at a point I called
  incentre of the triangle. we know that from
ˆ ˆ ˆ 
(P) Consider a line r  i  t i  j  k and a plane  BD AB

geometry that . If BC   , CA  
 DC AC
 r   ˆi  ˆj  . ˆi  ˆj  kˆ   1 and AB   and with reference to the same
99. The angle between the line and the plane is  
origin. Let a, b,c be position vectors of A,B,C
(A) cos1 1/ 3 (B) sin1 1/ 3
respectively, then
(C)  / 4 (D)  / 2

PINEGROVE 121
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

105. The positon vector of I must be (P) P is a point on the straight line
      
(A)
abc
(B)
a  b c  
r  5iˆ  7 ˆj  2kˆ  s 3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and Q is a
3 3 point on the straight line
      
(C)
a  b c
(D)
a  b c  
r  3iˆ  3 ˆj  6kˆ  t 3iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ such that
    2 PQ is parallel to the vector 2iˆ  7 ˆj  5kˆ .
106. If ‘r’ is the perpendicular distance of I from 111. The position vector of P is
 
the side BC, then [Link] must be (a) iˆ  7 ˆj  4kˆ (b) 2iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ
2 B C  (c) iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (d) 2iˆ  8 ˆj  3kˆ
a) r cos ec   cos ec  
2 2 112. The position vector of Q is
2 B C   A (a) 3iˆ  14 ˆj  9kˆ (b) ˆj  2kˆ
b) r cos ec   cos ec   sin  
2 2 2 (c) iˆ  6 ˆj  4kˆ (d)  ĵ
B C   A 113. The distance PQ is
2
c)  r cos ec   cos ec sin
    (a) 78 (b) 71 (c) 8 (d) 50
2 2 2
(P) The vertices of a ABC are A(3, 1, 3),
2  A  B C B(0, 2, 2) and C is (2, –1, 5). Points D and E
d) r cos ec   cos ec   sin  
2 2 2 divide AB, CA in the ratio 1 : 2 respectively. P
107. If ‘r’ is the perpendicular distance of I from is a point on space such that perpendicular from
  it to the plane of ABC meets at F, where F is
the side BC, then IB  IC must be the point of intersection of CD and BE. Also
the distance of P from the plane of ABC is
2 B C
a) r cos ec   cos ec   2
2 2 
114. FP is
2 B C   A
b) r cos ec   cos ec   cos   7 ˆ ˆ
2 2 2 (A) 7iˆ  7 ˆj  7kˆ (B)
2
 j k 
2 B C   A (C) 7 ˆj  7kˆ (D) ˆj  kˆ
c) r cos ec   cos ec   cos ec  
2 2 2 115. The volume of tetrahedron PABC is
2 B C   A 4
d) r cos ec   cos ec   sin   (A) cubic units (B) 7 cubic units
2 2 2 7
(P) ABCD is a tetrahedron having each edge of 7 7
(C) cubic units (D) cubic units
unit length. 3 4
108. The volume of the tetrahedron is 
116. The vector equation of line AP is r =
1 1 1 1 (where ‘t’ being a parameter)
a) b) c) d) A) 3i + j + 3k + t(i + j + k)
2 2 2 3 2 6 2
B) 3i + j + 3k + t(–i – j + k)
109. The angle between two adjacent faces is C) 3i + j + 3k + t(–i –j – k)
1  1  1  1    D) 3i + j + 3k + t(i –2k)
a) cos   b) cos  3  c) d) 
 3   3 4 (P) Let r is a position vector of a variable point
in Cartesian OXY plane such that

 
110. The distance between a pair of opposite edges   
 
2
r  10 j  8i r  40 and p  max r  2i 3j 
,
1
is

 
1 1 1  2
a) 1 b) c) d) p 2  min r  2i 3j 
then
2 2 3

122 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

117. p2 is equal to perpendicular to c  a , c is perpendicular to


(A) 9 (B) 2 2 1   , a  2, b  3 and c  6 . Then
a b
(C) 6 2  3 (D) 9  4 2
  
118. p1 + p2 is equal to a  b  c  2 is equal to
(A) 4 2 (B) 10 (C) 18 (D) 5 2  
C) a  2iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ , b  iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ ,
119. (p1p2)1/2 = 

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) 4 c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and d  3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ then
7
1    
MATRIX-MATCHING QUESTIONS
7
  
a  b . c  d is equal to
120. The diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD
    
intersect at E. O is the origin of reference. If D)If a  b  c  2 and a.b  b .c  c.a  2 ,
position vector of A is a, AB=p and BC=q.
Column I Column II    0
then  a b c  cos 45 is equal to
(A) Position vector
of midpoint of CD (p) (1/2) (2a+p+q) Column II
(B) Position vector p. 3
of E (q) a+p+q q. 2
(C) Position vector r. 4
of C (r) (1/2) (2a+p+2q) s.5
(D) Position vector 123. Matrix match type
of D (s) a+q Column - I
121. If D, E, F are mid points of the sides BC, CA, 2   
 2
AB respectively of a triangle ABC and O is (A) Let a  1, b  2, c  3 and a  b  c ,  
any point then         
Column I  
b   c  a  , c  a  b then a  b  c is
(A) AD  BE  CF is equal  
(B) If a,b,c are three vectors of equal magnitude
(B)OA  OB  OC
(C) OE  OF  DO 
and the angle between each pair of vectors in
3
2 1    
(D) AD    BE    CF such that a  b  c  6 then a is
3  3
Column II     
(C) If a  5 , a  b  8 and a  b  10 then
1 
(p)   AC b is
2
 
(q) OA (D) If a,b,c are three non zero vectors such that
(r) OD  OE  OF    then the value of
abc  0
(s) O         
122. Column I
   
a. b  a  b. c  b  c.  a  c  may be`
   Column - II
A) If a  b  c , angle between each pair of (p) 1
     (q) 57
vectors is and a  b  c  6 , then 2 a is
3
(r) 6
equal to
 
B) If a is a perpendicular to b  c , b is
(s) 0
(t) 8

PINEGROVE 123
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

(D) The value of c for which the vectors

124. Match list with list II and select the correct 
p   c log2 x, 6,3  and
answer using the code given below the lists

( IIT - 2013 ) q   log2 x,2,2c log2 x  make an obtuse angle
List - I
P) Volume of parallelopiped determined by vectors for any x   0,   are
   Column -II
a , b and c is 2. Then the volume of the
   4 
parallelopiped determined by vectors 2 a  b ,   (p)   ,0 
 3 
   
 
3 b  c and c  a   (q) 6
Q) Volume of parallelopiped determined by vectors 3
   (r) 
a , b and c is 5. Then the volume of the 2
  (s) 2
parallelopiped determined by vectors 3 a  b ,  (t) 1
    126. Column I
  
b  c and 2 c  a is  
R) Area of a triangle with adjacent sides determined
 
   
(A) The line r  ˆi  ˆj  t ˆi  kˆ where t is
by vectors a and b is 20. Then the area of the scalar passes through the point
 ˆ ˆ
triangle with adjacent sides determined by vectos
    (B) The line    
r  i  j  t ˆi  kˆ where t is
 
2a  3b and a  b is   
S) Area of a parallelogram with adjacent sides
 
scalar and the plane r. 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  2 intersect
  at the point
determined by vectors a and b is 30. Then the 
area of the parallelogram with adjacent sides
 
  
(C) The point on the line r  ˆi  ˆj  t ˆi  kˆ 

determined by vectors a  b and a is   where t is scalar, which is at a distance of 3 units
from the point having position vector î is/are
List - II
1) 100 (D) The volume of the parallelopiped having

2) 30 adjacent sides ˆi  k,2i
ˆ ˆ  ˆj  kˆ and c is 4 cubic
3) 24 
units then c may be
4) 60
Column II
P Q R S P Q R S
A) 4 2 3 1 B) 2 3 1 4 (p)  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ
C) 3 4 1 2 D) 1 4 3 2 (q)  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ
125. Column - I
(A) For given vectors (r) 2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ
   
a  2,1, 1 ,b 1,2,1 c  2, 1,3  and d  3, 1,2  (s) ˆj  kˆ
 
the projection of the vector a  c on the vector (t) 3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ
  
 
b  d  c is 127. Matrix match type
Column-1
  
(B) If a,b and c are unit vectors satisfying (A) The angle between the lines given by
        
a  b  c  0 and a.b  b.c  c.a is equal to  
r  3iˆ  2ˆj  4kˆ   ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ and
         k 
  
(C) If a  b . b  c   c  a   a. b  c  ,
     
r  5iˆ  2ˆj   3iˆ  2ˆj  6kˆ is
then k is

124 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

(B) A vector perpendicular to the plane containing 132. Two points P and Q are give in the rectangular
the vectors ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and 3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ is inclined Cartesian co-ordinates on the curve y  2 x  2 ,
    
to the vector ˆi  ˆj  kˆ at an angle such that OP.i  1 OQ.i  2 where i is a
(C) In a cube the angle between face diagonal unit vector along the x-axis. then
and body diagonal is 1  
     
(D) If a,b,u,v,w,z are non zero vectors such that 5

4 OQ  OP  
          133. Let PQ and QR be diagonals of adjacent faces
u,v, w  a  u,v,z b where a and b are of a rectangular box, with its center at O. If
linearly independent then the angle between v  w 
QOR, ROP, POQ are

and 2u  3z is  ,  , respectively, then the value of
Column - II
(p) 0 cos   cos   cos 

(q) cos1  1  134. If a  xiˆ   x  1 ˆj  kˆ and

 15 
 
b   x  1 iˆ  ˆj  akˆ always make an acute
1
 2 angle for all x  R, then the least integral value
(r) cos  
of a is
 3
  
135. Let u  iˆ  ˆj , v  iˆ  j , and w  iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ. If
 1  19   
(s) cos   n̂ is a unit vector such that u.nˆ  0 and v.nˆ  0 ,
 21  
then the value of w.n is

 
(t)
2 136. If a , b and c are unit vectors satisfying
INTEGER QUESTIONS  2  2  2
a  b  b  c  c  a  9 , then
128. ABCD is a parallelogram A 1 and B 1 are  

midpoints of sides BC and CD respectively. If 2a  5b  5c is [IITJEE 2012]
AA1  AB1   AC then 2    
137. Given a  b  1 and a  b  3. If c is a
129. Let ‘G’ be the centroid of the triangle ABC
whose sides are of length a,b,c if ‘P’ is point in     
the plane of triangle ABC, such that PA=1,
vector such that c  a  2b  3 a  b , then the  
 
PB=3, PC =2, PG=2 then  a2  b2  c2   value of c . b  , where . represents the
  greatest integerfunction, is
130. Let A and B be two non-parallel unit vectors
  138. Let O be an interior point of ABC such that
 
in a plane. If  A  B bisects the internal    
OA  2OB  3OC  0, Then the ratio of the
 
angle between A and B , then the value of  is area of ABC to the area of AOC is
 2 
131. Let p  2, q  1 and the angle between 139. Let A1 , A2 ,...... An  n  2  be the vertices
3 of a regular polygon of ‘n’ sides with its centre
  
p and q be . If a parallelogram is formed at the origin. Let ak be the position vector of
4
   the point Ak , k  1, 2,....n . If
with adjacent sides a  p  3q and
   n 1 n 1
b  5 p  2q , then the length of the shorter  a
k 1
k    a .a 
 a k 1 
k 1
k k 1 then the
diagonal is
maximum value of ‘n’ is (IIT JEE-2014)

PINEGROVE 125
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

140. The position vectors of the points A, B, C, D   

are 3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ , 2iˆ  3ˆj  4kˆ ,  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ ,
 
perpendicular to c , b  c is perpendicular to
   
a and  c  a  is perpendicular to b then the
4iˆ  5ˆj  kˆ . If the points A, B, C, D aree
  
17 value of  a  b  c  (where . represents the
coplanar then =
73 greatest integer function) is
   148. Let G1,G2and G3 be the centroids of the
141. If a,b,c are three vectors such that ab c  =1 trianglular faces OBC, OCA, and OAB of a
      tetrahedron OABC. If V1 denotes the volume
then the value of a  b b  c c  a  of the tetrahedron OABC and V2that of the
      parallelepiped with OG1, OG2 and OG3as three
 a  b b  c c  a  concurrent edges then the value of 4V1/V2 is
     
         149. If e1 , e2 , e3 and E1 , E2 , E3 are two set of vectors
   
 a  b  c ,b   c  a  ,c  a  b  is
     
such that ei .E j  1, if i  j and ei .E j  0, if
142. The three vectors ˆi  ˆj, ˆj  k,k
ˆ ˆ  ˆi taken two      
at a time form three planes. If V be the volume i  j then the value of  e1 , e2 , e3   E1 , E2 , E3 
of the tetrahedron having adjacent sides as the is

three unit vectors drawn perpendicular to those 150. Let a  2i  j  2k and b  i  j. If c is a vector
three planes then the value of 9 3V is    
such that a.c  c , c  a  2 2 and the angle
      
 
143. Let  b  c  m  c  a   n a  b  between a  b and c is 300 then the value of
   
ˆ a b c   2 and   
 4i,  
2 a  b  c is
  a  b  c  3iˆ
       
then the value of    m  n  is 151. Let V  2i  j  k and W  i  3k . If U is a
unit vector, then the maximum integral value
144. If h is the altitude of a parallelopiped 
  of the scalar triple product UVW  is
determined by the vectors a,b,c and the base
 
is taken to be the parallelogram determined 152. Let PR  3i  j  2k and SQ  i  3 j  4k
   
by a and b where a  ˆi  ˆj  k,b
ˆ  2iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ determine diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS

and and PT  i  2 j  3k be another vector. If the

c  ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ then the value of 19h2 is volume of the parallelepiped determined by the
  
145. Let F be the foot of perpendicular from the vector PT , PQ and PS is k then k  1 is
point with position vector iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ on the (IIT - 2013)
 153. Let a , b and c be three non-coplanar u n i t
 
plane r. 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  3  0 . The distance of F vectors such that the angle between every pair
from the x - axis is 
146. Let P be the image of the point with position of them is if a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc
3
vector 2iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ in the plane where p, q and r are scalars, then the value of
 p 2  2q 2  r 2
 
r. iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ  1  0. The distance of P from z-
q2
 (IIT-JEE-2014)
axis is 154. If G is the centroid of ABC having lengths of
 
147. If a , b and c are vectors such that the sides a,b,c and ‘O’ is any point then
    
a  3. b  4, and c  5 and a  b is   2 2 2
a 2  b 2  c 2  3 OA  OB  OC  k OG  2
  
where k = (IIT-JEE-2014)

126 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

       

EXERCICE - V - KEY  
B q and C r . Then IA  p , IB  q , IC  r .
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS   
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A ap  bq  cr
7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.B Incentre is , where p = BC, q = AC
abc
13.A 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.C and r = AB.
19.A 20.B 21.C 22.C 23.D 24.C Incentre is at the origin. Therefore,
25.C 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.B 30.B   
ap  bq  cr     
31.D 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.D  0 , or ap  bq  cr  0
37.C 38.B 39.A 40.A 41.C 42.C abc
   
43.C 44.C 45.A 46.C 47.D 48.A  aIA  bIB  cIC  0
49.D 50.A 51.D 52.B 53.A 54.D AB AC BA  BC CA  CB
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS 3. AD  ,BE  ,CF 
2 2 2
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]  
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] 4. p  q
   
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]  x  4  a  b    2  2 x  b  2b
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] 1 3
  2 x   3 x
ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS 2 2
81. D 82. A 83. D 84. B 85. B 86. A
87. B 88. B 5.

Sum  AB BC ...  EA  
PASSAGE QUESTIONS
89. C 90. A 91. B 92. A 93. A 94. C  BC...EA CD.... EA  DE EA  EA
95. A 96. B 97. C 98. D 99. B 100. A  AA  BA  CA  DA  EA
101. C 102. B 103. C 104. C 105. C 106. C
107. B 108. D 109. B 110. C 111. D 112. B 
 4OA  OB  OC  OD  OE 
113. A 114. D 115. C 116. D 117. B 118. A
119. C  OA  OB  OC  OD  OE  O 5OA  5a
MATRIX - MATCHING QUESTIONS
120. (A) - r, (B) - p, (C) - q, (D) - s u v
AB  BC  AC  BC  
121. (A) - s, (B) - r, (C) - q, (D) - p 6. u v and
122. a  q; b  s; c  p; d  r
123. (A)–(r); (B)–(p ); (C)–(q); (D)–(p,q,r,t) AB. BC  0  1  cos 2 A  cos 2 B  Cos 2c  0
124. P  3, Q  4, R  1, S  2 7. Vector along angular bisector is  a  b  
125. (A)–(q); (B)–(r); (C)–(s ); (D)–(p,t)
ab ab
126. (A)–(q,r,s,t); (B)–(s); (C)–(q,t); (D)–(q,t) 
 Unit vector = a  b 
127. A-q;B-q;C-r;D-t 2 cos
2
INTEGER QUESTIONS 2
   2
128.3 129.6 130.1 131.5 132.3 133.1 8. b  2c   a  b  2c   a  b  2c   a
134.3 135.3 136.3 137.2 138.3 139.8
140.2 141.3 142.2 143.6 144.8 145.5 2 2  2 1
 16  4 c   2 a  4 a.c  16  4    4
146.1 147.7 148.9 149.1 150.3 151.7 4
152.9 153.4 154.9      12  0    3, 4
2

EXERCICE - V - HINTS 9. Given v.u  w

  and  
.u

v  w  v.w  0
  2
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS Now, u  v  w
2 2 2   
OA  OB  OC  OD  u  v  w  2u .v  2 w.v  2u .w  1  4  9
1. OE 
4   
 So u  v  w  14
2. 
Let the incentre be at the origin and be A p ,

PINEGROVE 127
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

     2 
10.  u  v  w  0  u  v  w  0
    

Also, r .bˆ  x1aˆ.bˆ  x2  x3bˆ. aˆ  bˆ  x2 
9  16  25  2  u.v  v.w  w.u   0 
    
and    
r . aˆ  bˆ  x1aˆ. aˆ  bˆ  x2bˆ. aˆ  bˆ  
 u.v  v.w  w.u  25
 2  2  2
11. a  b  b  c  c  a
 
 x3 aˆ  bˆ . aˆ  bˆ  x3 
   
 6  6  cos A  cosB  cosC 
   
 r   r .aˆ  aˆ  r .bˆ bˆ  r . aˆ  bˆ aˆ  bˆ   

16. Let the new position of OA be r . Since r is
 1 1 1
 6  2     
coplanar with OA and i , Let
 2 2 2 
 
12. Given that a and b are two unit vectors r  xOA  yi   x  y  i  2 x j  2 xk
  
a  1 and b  1 Since r is perpendicular to OA , we have

    [Link]  0

Also given that a  2b  5a  b      x  y   4 x  4 x  0  y  9 x
     
  
 a  2b . 5a  b  0  6 a b cos   3 2
r  3   x  y   4 x 2  4 x 2  9  64 x 2  8 x 2  9
 
[where  is the  between a and b ] 1 9
1 x so that y  
 cos   0 2 2 2 2
2    60
    1
 1
 
13. Vectors a , b , c and d are coplanar. Therefore, Now r  4i  j  k or r  4i  j  k
2 2
sin   2 sin 2   3sin 3  1 .
Now sin   2sin 2   3sin 3  
17. M  cos2 t  sin2 t  2a.b ˆ ˆ sin t cos t 

 1  4  9  sin 2   sin 2 2   sin 2 3  1  a.b ˆ ˆ sin 2t is max at t  4

 sin 2   sin 2 2   sin 2 3  1 ˆ 1
14 â b
14. The given relation can be rewritten as the vector û  2 2  â  bˆ
expression aˆ bˆ aˆ  bˆ .

 a 2  4iˆ  ajˆ  a 2  4kˆ  
2 2

 ˆ ˆ
. tan Ai  tan Bj  tan Ck  6a ˆ  18.   
a  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ  iˆ  kˆ   ˆj  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ 
 
 ˆ 
 a2  4  a2  a2  4   
 a  j  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ  0 

tan 2 A  tan 2 B  tan 2 C   cos    6a  a  ˆj   iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ  
  
 a.b  a b cos    a  iˆ   2  1 ˆj   kˆ,   R
 
19. A vector perpendicular to the plane of O, P and Q
2 2 2  
 3a tan A  tan B  tan C   cos    6a is OP  OQ
 tan 2 A  tan 2 B  tan 2 C  12 sec 2   12 Now,
 sec 2   1 iˆ ˆj kˆ
 
the least value of tan 2 A  tan 2 B  tan 2 C is 12 OP  OQ  4 1   2iˆ  2 ˆj  6kˆ
 2 1 
15. Let r  x aˆ  x bˆ  x aˆ  bˆ
1 2 3  
 Since, iˆ  ˆj  6kˆ is parallel to 2 iˆ  2 ˆj  6kˆ .

 r .aˆ  x1  x2 aˆ.bˆ  x3aˆ. aˆ  bˆ  x1 
128 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

      
1 1 6 1 26. Since a,b c are unit vectors and a  b  c  0 ,
Hence,   =     
2 2 6 2 a,b,c represent an equilateral triangle
       2       
20. a  b  a  c  a  b  c    ab  bc  c a  0
2  2     2  
27. Let c  2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ a  c  c  b
 
2
 a b  c  a. b  c     b c
      
2 2   
 b  c  2 b c cos  1

 a  b c  0 
 a  b || c  
3      
  2   2

Let a  b   c  a  b   c 
 
21. 1  9 a.b  6 a.b  4 a    29   . 29    1
2  2  

 b  9 a  b  4a.b  47  a  b   2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ Now  
1  
 1  4  4  36  4 cos   47  cos    2  
a  b . 7iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ    14  6  12  4 

 2 28. (B) Given a  b  c  0 (by triangle law)
 
 Angle between a and b is Taking cross product by a
3
   
    2  2 
a a b  c  a0  0 
 
22. 2 a  b  3 a.b  a  b  a.b  4  9
     
 aa  ab  ac  0
 6 13      
 a  b  c  a  a  a  0 
1 ˆ 1  
23.  
2
  
j   kˆ  iˆ   kˆ   kˆ  iˆ   ˆj
2
 Similarly , a  b  b  c
 
1 9 1 33 Therefore a  b  b  c  c  a
 2 2  1    2 2  1 
2 4 4 4 2 2 2
29. BA  t 2 BC  2 [Link]  AC  0
 4   2  16 2  4
A
2

 BC t 2  2 [Link] t  BA  AC   2 2
0
since, t  R    0
2 2 2 2 2

24.
D

 BABC
. 
 BC BA  4 BC AC  0  (1)
2 2 2

B
E

 
C

 BA  BC   4 BC AC  0
We have BC  BA  AC 2 2 2

  BC  CA  BC  4 BC  AC  0
  3i  j    2i  3 j   i  4 j 2 2 2
 AC  BC  AC BC
Vector area of the shaded region is given by
1   1   1       sin 2 C  1  sin C  1  C  90
2
ED  EB  EC  ED  ED  EB  EC
2 2        
30. c  xa  xb  y a  b  
1   1     

 ED  CB  16k  2k  7k
2 2
   a.c  b .c  cos  [as a , b and c are unit vectors]
 2  2
Area = Vector Ara  7  a.c  x a  x  cos  Also, b .c  x b  cos 
           
 
25. (C) a  b  a   a.a  b  a.b a    c  cos  a  b  y a  b    
2  2    
      
ˆj  kˆ  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  3 b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  Now, c  1  cos  a  b  y a  b     
 3bˆ  3iˆ  bˆ  ˆi    
 
cos  a  b  y a  b   
PINEGROVE 129
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

     

 1  cos 2  a  b . a  b  y 2    a  b  .  a  b  Expanding along R2 we get

2 2 2 2  c 2  ac  ab  ac  0  c 2  ab
 1  cos 2  a  b  y 2   a b  a,c,b are in G.P  c is the G.M of a and b

35. (A) Let d  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ
2 1 y2
 1  2 cos   y  cos   2 2 Where x 2  y 2  z 2  1 .........(i)
2 2 
1 1 1 ( d being unit vector)
 0  cos 2      cos   
2 2 2  a.d  0
  3   xy 0 x  y ............(ii)
  , 
4 4  0 1 1
       1 0 1
31.  
a b  a c   b c   x y z
       
     
 a  b  b  c  a  c  b  c  xyz0
             2x  z  0 ..........(using (ii)
     
 a  b .c b  a  b .b c    a  c  .c  b
 z  2x ...........(iii)
         From (i) ,(II) (III)
   
  a  c  .b c   a b c  b  c
1
        2 2 2 x
     
 a b  a c   b  c . b  c x  x  4x  1

6
       36. abc   0 & 1   2  2  3
  
  a b c  b  c . b  c
      
   2 37. u,v,w     v u w    v w u
  a b c  b  c  0
2
       
 
38. a  b  c  a  b c sin30
0
 
32. Let a  b  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ . Therefore,
        1  
 ab c .....(i)
    
 a b iˆ   a  b .iˆ  x  a b ˆj   a  b . ˆj  y
   2

    
 a b kˆ   a  b .kˆ  z   We have a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b  ˆi  ˆj
 
   
       a  b  2iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ  a  b  9  3
Hence,  a b iˆ  iˆ   a b ˆj  ˆj   a b kˆ  kˆ
   2
  Also given c  a  2 2  c  a  8
 xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ  a  b
         
 
33. a  b  c   a.c  b  a.b c   Substituting values of a  b and c in (i) we get
   1 3

 5 iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ  6 iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ     
a  b  c   3 1 
2 2
 1    iˆ   1    ˆj   1   1    kˆ 39. (a) As c is coplanar with a and b we take

 
c  a a  b b ..........(i)
 iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ Where a, b are scalars
 1    1,   4 and   1 3  2
  
As c is perpendicular to a , c .a  0
   
2  From (i) we get , 0  a  a .a   b  b .a 
 
3  0  a  6   b  2  2  1  b  2a
  
a a c a a c a Thus, c  a  a  2b   a   3 j  3k   3a   j  k 
34. 1 0 1  0  1 0 0  0 2
 c  9a2 1  1  18a 2  1  18a 2
c c b c c bc
1
C3  C3  C1  a
3 2

130 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

 
1 44. (C) Any vector coplanar to a and b can be written
c   j  k 
2 as r  a  b
  
40. a,b,c are unit coplanar vectors , r  1  2  ˆi   1    ˆj  1    kˆ
     
2a  b, 2b  c and 2c  a are also coplanar since r is orthogonal to 5iˆ  2ˆj  6kˆ
  
vectors, being linear combination of a,b and c
 5 1 2   2  1    6 1    0
     
Thus 2a  b 2b  c 2c  a   0 
1
   9  18  0      r is 3ˆj  kˆ
41. (C) a  ˆi  k,b
ˆ  xiˆ  ˆj  1  x  kˆ 2

  r is a unit vector
c  yiˆ  xj  1  x  y  kˆ
3j  k
 r̂ 
1 0 1 10
    
a b c   x 1 1  x 45. A vector in the plane of a and b is
 
y x 1 x  y   
u  a  b  1    ˆi   2    ˆj  1    kˆ

  
 1 1 x  y  x  x2  1 x2  y  1   1 u.c
  
1
Projection of u on c  c
 depends neither on x nor on y.. 3 3
  ˆ  
42. Given that v  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and w  i  3kˆ and u  u.c  1
is a unit vector
  1   2    1   1
 u 1
      2    1    1 or 3
Now u v w   u.  v  w  
 u  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ or 4iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ

  
u. 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  ˆi  3kˆ  2 1 1
 1  2
1  0
 
 u. 3iˆ  7ˆj  kˆ  3 2  7 2  12 cos  46.
1 1  2
which is max. when cos  = 1
    6  3 2  2  0
 max. value of u v w   59 2

43. Vol. of parallelopiped formed by

 
 1 2 2  2  0     2 
        
u  ˆi  ajˆ  k,v
ˆ  ˆj  ak,w
ˆ  a ˆi  kˆ is  
47. a  a  b  c  a a  b  c

1a 1  a  a  b 
 
   
V  u v w   0 1 a
a 0 1 3 3
11 5  sin   3  sin  
 tan  
5 4
 
 11  0   a 0  a 2  1 0  a   1  a3  a      
48. a  b  c  a  a  b  a  c
 
dV    2   
For V to be min
da
 0  3a 2  1  0  
 a.b a  a b  a  c
  a  a  c
a
1 1
b  
But a  0  a  2  a.b   
 
3 3 a

PINEGROVE 131
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

             
49. a  b  c , b  d  0, c .d  0 p   x  q   p   q   x  r   q
           
 ad  b d c d  c d  r   x  p   r   0 .......(i)
             
 
 d  ad  d  c d    3a2 x  a2 x  a2  p  q  r   0
      2   1   
   
 d .d c  c .d d  d c  x  p  q  r 
2
  
 d  ad
c 
  53. If  is the angle between P1 and P2
2  
d N1  a  b 
   N1  N2  0
  N2  c  d
   bc

50. We have a  b  c 
2
 then N1  N2 sin   0
 
    b c or sin   0    0
 
  a.c  b  a.b c 
2

2
C
  1    1  54.
  a.c   b   a.b  c  0
 2  2

 1  1
 then a.c   0 amd a.b  0 O A
2 2
G
 1 3
 a.b  
2
 a,b    4 B
      
  
51. a  b  c .[ a  b   a  c ] a  b  c 1
          
 
 a  b  c .[a  a  a  c  b  a  b  c] OC  OG  GC
         ab
    
 a.  a.  c   a. b  a  a. b  c But OG 
3
        
 b.  a  c   b.  b  a   b. b  c 
 ab 
 
         and GC  GC  a  b 
 c.  a  c   c.  b  a   c. b  c   
           
 a b c   a b c   a b c    a b c  2 2

3

ab 
52. (B) As p,q and r are three mutually perpendicular
vectors of same magnitude , so let us 1 1 1 
    a b c    a  b   GC
ˆ ˆ
consider p  a i,q  aj, r  ak ˆ 6 3 2 

Also let x  x1ˆi  y1ˆj  z1kˆ a b 2 2
OC    
ab [Link]  a  b  2 2 a b  
Given that x satisfies that equation 3 3

132 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS 1

    2  1   0    0,
55. Let a  2iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ and b  iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ. 2
Then the diagonals of the parallelogram are  ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
62. Let   i  x j  3 k ,   4 i   4 x  2  j  2 k
 ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
p  3i 6 j 2 k, q   i 2 j 8 k  
Given, 2   
So, unit vectors along the diagonals are
2
1 ^ ^ ^
 1  ^ ^ ^
  2 10  x 2  20  4  2 x  1
 3 i  6 j  2 k  and   i 2 j 8 k 
7  69  
56. We have ,  10  x 2  5   4 x 2  4 x  1
 ^ ^ ^  ^ ^
2
AB   i  j  4 k , BC  3 i  3 j and  3 x 2  4 x  4  0  x  2,  3

 2 2 2 
^ ^ ^
CA  4 i  2 j  4k
   63. We have, a  b  a  b  2 a.b  
Therefore. AB  BC  3 2 and CA  6  2 2 2  
 2  2  2  a  b  a  b  2 a b cos 2
Clearly , AB + BC = AC  2  
Hence , the triangle is right -angled isosceles triangle
 a  b  2  2 cos 2  a  b  1  
 2  
57. use  a b c   0  a  b  4sin 2   a  b  2 sin 
x 2 5  
58.    k  say  Now, a  b  1  2 sin   1
1 y z
where k  R 1    5 
        sin      0,  or    , 
59. a  2 i  2 j  k,b  i  2 j  2k 2  6  6 
  2
 | a | 3, | b | 3      b
 a vector along bisectors 64. a  b  a  2b  a.b 
        2
a
    
b 2 i  2 j  k i  2 j  2k

 2
|a| |b| 3 3  1 b 2 1
Also a .b      1
 1 1 4  2
2 2
 i k, i j k b 2 b 2
3 3 3
 the required vector = 2  2  1 Using A.M.  G.M.
 1 1 4   
i k i  j k 65. Consider V1.V2  0  A  900
. 3 ,2. 3 3
2 2 2 A
2  1  1  4 2
1     3    3  1
 3     V1  3 a  b V2  b a.b a
 ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
60. OA  4 i  3 k ; OB  14 i  2 j  5 i 

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 2
^ 4 i  3 k ^ 14 i  2 j  5 k
a ;b 
5 15 
   ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B C
r   12 i  9 j  14 i  2 j  5 k 
   
15    
b  aˆ.b a

3 aˆ  b
   ^ Using the sine law,
^ ^
  2  ^ ^ ^
 sin  cos 
r  2 i  2 j  5 k  r   i  j  2 k 
15   15       
1 2 3 1 b  a .b 

a 1 a b  a  
61. For coplanar vectors, 0    0  tan      
0 0 2  1
3 a b 3 a b

PINEGROVE 133
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 2

1  a  b  a sin 90

1
0

 2
71. u.a  a  a.b
  
3 a b 3 6 2 2 2 2 2  2
 
v  a b sin2   a b  a.b  
66. We know that a  b  c  0 , then 2 2 2  2  2
          u  a b  a.b b  2 a.b    
a  b  b  c  c  a Given a  2b  3c  0
      2 2  2
 2a  b  6b  c  3c  a
       
 a  b  a.b  
Hence, a  b  b  c  c  a  2 a  b         
   
   
72. a  b  c   a.c  b  a.b c and
 
or 6 b  c or 3  c  a        
         
a  b  c   c .b a   a.c  b
67. a  b  c , b  c  a We have been given

Taking cross with b in first equation, we get      
         
a  b c . a b c  0 .  

b  a b  b c  a Therefore,
2                
 
 b a  a.b b  a  b  1 and a.b  0       
 a.c  b  a.b c .  a.c  b  c , b a  0
          2 2    
Also a  b  c  a b sin  c  a  c   
 a.c  b   a.c  b .c a.b
2      
1
68. x.y  y.z  z.x  2  2   1.
      
 a.b  a.c  b .c  a.b b .c  c .a   0
2  2 2
 a.c  b
       
Let a   x  y  z   x.z y  x.y z        
          0
  a.c  a.b b .c  a.c   a.c  b .b  a.b b .c
 yz   

a.y    a  a.y y  z   2  
a.c  0 or  a.c  b  a.b b .c   
Similarly b   b.z  z  x  a.b    a.y  b  z   
73. Let   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ,   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and
69. The given vector equation can be written as 
 
^ ^   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ Let a  iˆ  kˆ, b  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ,
1  a  x  3 y  4 z  i   x  (3  a ) y  5 z  j  
c  3iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ, d  4iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ
^      
 3x  y  az  k  0  (1-a)x+3y-4z=0 Clearly,  is perpendicular to a , b , c and d
x-(3+a)y+5z=0 and 3x+y-az =0 1 0 1
The above system of equation has a non-trivial solution   
     1 1 1  2  0
1 a 3 4 Also,  
1 1 1
 1  3  a  5  0
 a  0, 1
3 1 a 2 1 1
 
 b     1 1 1  0
^
70. We have a  2 p i  j
^  
 1 1 1
on rotation , let b the vector with components
 3 2 1
^ ^
(p+1) and 1 so that b   p  1 i  j  
c     1 1 1  2  0
   
2 2 2
Now , a  b  a  b  4 p 2  1   p  1  1 1 1 1
2
 4 p 2   p  1  1  2 p    p  1 4 2 2
 
d     1 1 1  0
 3 p  1 or p  1  p  1/ 3 or p  1  
1 1 1

134 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

    resolved part perpendicular to

74. It is given that  ,  and  are coplanar vectors.
   a.b         
Therefore,  b
b  a       (b.b)a (a.b)b  b  (a
2
 b)
|b||b| 2
a b c   b b
   STATEMENT QUESTIONS
     0  b c a  0
   
c a b 81. Then, moment of force F about point P  a  is
 3abc  a 3  b3  c 3  0    
r  f when r  PQ
 a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc  0 P
  a  b  c   a  b  c  ab  bc  ca   0
2 2 2 (a)

 a  b  c  0 a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca  0  r
    
 v .  v .  v .  0
 is perpendicular to   and  Q
v ,  (b) F
      
75. For A, B and C to form a left-handed system 82. 2a  3b  5c  0
       5 
A BC  0
    
 3 b  a  5 c  a  AB  AC 3
iˆ ˆj kˆ 83. In an isosceles triangle ABC is which AB=AC, the
  median and the bisector from A must be the same
A B  2 3 4  11iˆ  6 ˆj  kˆ line  statement 2 is true.
 
1 1 5  u  v  2 1 
Now AD  and AD  2 cos 2 ;
(1) is satisfied by options (B) and (D) 2 2 2
76.  2iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ &  2iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ satisfies both  
conditions. so AD  cos
2
77. Clearly (B) , (D) are meaningless There fore, unit vector along AD, i,e.,x, is given by

78. Let vector AO be parallel to line of intersection of   
 AD uv
planes P1 and P2 through origin. x   
AD 2 cos 
i.e.  2j  3k    4j  3k     j  k    3i  3j   2
        84. Obviously, statement 1 is ture
79. x  b  c  b  a  (x  b)  a  (c  b)
   cos 2  cos 2   cos 2
 a  (c  b)  
or x   ( a  x)  2 cos 2   1  2cos 2   1  2 cos 2   1
a.b
         1 p 2 3
Also, a  (c  b)  (c  b)  a  (b  c)  a 86.    p  ,q  4
80. The magnitude of the resolved part aong the vector 2 3 q 2
     
  b 87. a,b,c are coplanar c  a  b    4 and
b  a.
|b|   1
     
 CB OA  CA OB  AB OC
88. OI    
BC  CA  AB
a
PASSAGE QUESTIONS
b c
b
 
 the resolved part along the vector 89. Vector along internal anguler bisector= b c
b
   
 a.b  b (a.b)b 1
      2
|b||b |
  b

9
 i  7 j  2k 
PINEGROVE 135
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 
 i  7 j  2k  5  c  b 
d  5 6  
  i  7 j  2k 
position vector of D 
 
Now BD 
 
.
 3 6  3
90. BD, BC , BE are in H .P In BDA, BI is bisector of BDA also
2 1 1 
  
BC BD BE ID BD    
  
 aa  bb  cc IA AB   
91. OI 3   
a  b  c
a 

      c   b    
92. O A  O B  O 'C  2O 'O
' '
a  b  c
 
I 

93. NA  NB  NC  OA  OB  OC  3ON         
94. SA  SB  SC  GA  GB  GC  3GS      0  B C 
106. [Link]  IB IC cos 180     
= O  3GS  3SG   2 2 
95. p  0, q  0, p  q  1 B  C   B  C 
 r cos ec   r cos ec     cos  
4 2  2   2 
96. c  a  b  p  0, q  0, p  q  1
3 B C   A
97. p  0, q  0  r 2 cos ec   r cos ec   sin  
2 2 2
98. p  0, q  0  
99. The angle between the line and the plane is 107. IB  IC  r 2 cos ec  B  cos ec  C  cos  A 
2 2 2
 1 1 1  1 1  1 1 1  1 
 cos  sin  
2 3 3 3 1 1/ 2 1/ 2
 1   1 1
100. Solving the two equations We get r  ˆi V   a bc   1/ 2 1 1/ 2 
108. 6 6 6 2
101. The vector normal to the plane is ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 1/ 2 1/ 2 1
 
1 1 109. The face DAB has normal along a  b
3
  ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 
r̂  i . i  j  k 
3 The face DBC has normal along b  c


t 1  t  1 If  is the angle between the faces

       
` ˆ ˆ
So, the point on the line is i  1 i  j  k ˆ  a  b b  a cos   a 
b . bc  
i.e. 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ or  ˆj  kˆ 1 1
     3 3
 . cos  2 2 
1
102. If   then       2 2 1 4
2 1
    0 2
103.       tan   1
2 1
    cos      cos 1  
104.     . 3 3
110. The equations DA and BC are
     
1  tan2 
r  sa, r  b  t c  b 
 2  tam 
 cos   tan   2      
2 1  tan2
2
 
c  b  ab  c a
   2  2  2    
then let t  tan
 a b  c a  a b  c a  2 a b . c a  
2
3 3 1/ 2 1/ 2
BD AB    2 1
105.   4 4 1 1/ 2
DC AC 

136 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

        1   
  122. a. a  b  c  6
 
The distance = b. a  b  c  a  b. c  a 
2      
  a 2  b 2  c 2  2a.b  2b .c  2c.a  6
111. PQ // 2iˆ  7 ˆj  5kˆ 
 a 1
8  3s  3t 4  s  2t 8  s  4t  
   b. a is perpendicular b  c  a.b  a.c  0
2 7 5
(1)
 23s  25t  48, s  19t  18     
b is perpendicular a  c  b .c  b .c  0 (2)
 s  t  1  p is 2iˆ  8 ˆj  3kˆ     
c is perpendicular a  b  c.a  a.c.b  0
112. t  1  Q is ˆj  2kˆ (3)
113. P is (2,8 -3) and Q is (0,1,2) From (1), (2) and (3), we get
 PQ  4  49  25  78   
a.b  b .c  c .a  0
114 to 116.   
 a b c  7
FP is a vector of magnitude 2 and perpendicular      
to the plane of ABC.     
c.  a.c  b .d  b .c a.d  21
BC  BA  7j  7k d. We know that
         2
FP   j  k
  a  b b  c c  a   a b c 
   
    
1 a.a a.b a.c
Volume of tetrehedraon =  ABC  height     
4 2 2
3   2
a b c   b.a b.b b.c  2 4 2
1 7 7 And  
    32
   2  cubic units. c.a c.b c.c 2 2 4
3 2 3
  
 4 8  7 1 13    a b c   4 2
D   2, ,  , E   , , 
 3 3 3 3 3  123. (A) a.b  
F= point of intersection of BE and CD  b.c  c.a  0
  2   
  2, 0, 4  a  b  c  1  2  3  2  0  6 a bc  6

 OP  OF  FP   2, 0, 4    0,1,1   2,1,5           k2
(B) Let a  b  c  k a.b  b.c  c.a 
2
Equation of AP  r  3i  j  3k  t  i  2k 
117 to 119   2 k 2

a  b  c  3k 2  2    3   6k 2  6 k  1
2 2
r lies on the circle x  y  8x  10y  40  0 2 
    2
 P2  min r  2i  3j  2 2  1
  (C) Let b  x a.b  y a  b  100
 2
P1  max r  2i  3j  2 2  1
  25  x 2  2y  100 a  b  64

MATRIX-MATCHING QUESTIONS  25  x 2  2y  64 So, x  57

2 2 2   
120. OA  a, AB  p  OB  p  a 
(D) a  b  c  2 a.b  b.c  c.a So, 
        
BC  q  OC  p  q  a
   
a. b  a  b. c  b  c.  a  c 
OD  a  q
1 2 2 2
121. OD 
OB  OC
, OE 
OC  OA

2 
a  b  c 0
 

2 2 124. P   a b c   2
OA  OB         2
OA   2a  b 3b  c c  a   6 a b c   6  4  24
2    

PINEGROVE 137
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

   
Q   a b c   5 [D] Since a and b are linearly independent
    
       u v w    u v z   0
6  a  b b  c c  a   12  a b c   60    
u,v,w and z are coplanar
1   1     
R  a  b  20
2 2

2a  3b  a  b     v  w is perpendicular to
    INTEGER QUESTIONS
1 5
2
  
2 a  b  3 a  b
2

 40  100 AB  AC AC  AD
       128. AA1  AB1 
2 2

S  a  b  30  a  b  a  b  a  30  3
      AA1  AB1  AC
 
125. (A) b  d  c  8i  4j  4k a  c  4i  2k 2
2 2 2

So, projection 
32  0  8
 6
      BC 
129. 9PG 2  AB  AC
64  16  16 2 2 2
 3  PA   PB    PC  
   1 3  
(B) a.b  b.c  c.a   1  1  1  
2 2  36   a 2  b 2  c 2   3 1  9  4 
      
  2
(C) a  b  b  c  c  a   ab c  a 2  b 2  c 2  42  36  6
2
(D) c  log2 x   12  6c log2 x  0 B
 4 
 c  0 and 36c 2  48c  0  c    3 ,0 
 
126. (A) The point (1+t , 1, - t) where t is real parameter, 130.
always lie on the given line.
(B) Solving the two equations we have
1  t  2  1  t  2  t  1 So ; r  ˆj  kˆ B
 
Vector bisecting internal angle between A and B
(C) Any point on the line is 1  t,1  t   
A B
1  t  1
2
 1  t 2  3  t  2      A  B    1
      | A| | B |
So, the point is 3 i  j  2k and  i  j  2k   2 2 1 2
x y z 131. p.q  .1. 
3 2 3

(D) Let C  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ 1 0 1 4       2  2  2  
2 1 1 a  b  6 p  q a  b  36 p  q  12 p.q
  y  z   1 x  2y   4  xyz  4 8 2    
36.  1  12.  25 a  b   4 p  5q
9 3
 
 i  2j  3k  .  3i  2j  6k  19  2  2 2  
127. [A] cos   37

21
a  b  16 p  25 q  40 p.q
[B] perpendicular vector 8 2
 16.  25  40.  25
  i  2j  k    3i  2j  k   2j  4k 9 3
 
Angle  with i  j  k is given by  a  b is the shorter diagonal with length 5.
 
  2 j  4k  . i  j k 1
132. OP  x1iˆ  y1 ˆj OQ  x2iˆ  y2 ˆj
co s     
 2 j  4k i  j  k 15 OP  iˆ  x1 OQ.iˆ  x2 x1  1 x2  2
 
i  j  k  . i  j   2 y1  2, y2  1 OQ  2iˆ  j OP  iˆ  2 ˆj
[C] cos    
3 2 3
OQ  4  1  5 OP  1  4  5

138 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

a 2  b 2  c  a 2  b 2  c       
133. cos   2 cos   Area of ABC 1/ 2  a  b  b  c  c  a
a  b  c2 a 2  b  c2 138 Area of AOC   
1/ 2  a  b
a 2  b2  c  
cos  2
a  b  c 2
cos   cos   cos  1 Now a  2 b  3 c  0
    
Z cross with b , a  b  3c  b  0
        
 a , 2a  b  3a  c  0  a  b  3 b c  
  3    
Y Hence, a  b   c  a   3 b  c
2
 
 
     3p   p
X Let  c  a   p. Them a  b  b  c 
 2 2
134. a.b   xiˆ   x  1 ˆj  kˆ  .  x  1 iˆ  ˆj  akˆ       
a b  b c  c a
 x  x  1  x  1  a  x 2  2 x  a  1 Hence, the ratio is  
p
 
We must have a. b  0, x  R    
3 p / 2   p / 2  p 3 p
 x 2  2 x  a  1  0, x  R     3
p p
 4  4  a  1  0  a  2
2 2
 139. Given  n  1 sin   n  1 cos
135. n  a1iˆ  a2 ˆj  a3kˆ, where a12  a22  a32  1 n n n 8

Given that u.nˆ  0  a1  a2  0 140.  AB AC AD   0
a1  a2  0 and a3  1 or  1    2
  141. 2 abc   abc   0  2  1  12  3
136. 6  2a.b  2b .c  2c.a  9
142. The three adjacent sides of tetrahedron is given by
   3    2
a.b  b .c  c .a   2
a b c  0
      
i  j  ˆj  kˆ ˆj  kˆ  kˆ  ˆi kˆ  ˆi  ˆi  ˆj   
, ,
         3
 
3  2 a.b  b .c  c .a  0 a.b  b .c  c .a 
2
 
i  j  ˆ
j  kˆ  
ˆj  ˆ
k  ˆ
k  
 ˆ
i  
kˆ  ˆi  ˆi  ˆj   
      3 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ ˆi  ˆj  kˆ ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
Since a.b  b .c  c .a  i.e. , ,
2 3 3 3
      1 - 1 1
 a b c  0  a b c  0 1 1 1 2
   V  1 1 
so ; 9 3V  2
 2 a  5   a   3a  3 6 3 3 -1 1 1 9 3
       
 2
137. We have a  b  3  a  b  3   
143.  b  c  m  c  a   n a  b  4iˆ 
 ˆ
2 2   taking dot product with a both sides 2l  4a.i
 
 a  b  2 a.b  3  1  1  2 a.b  3   
similarly 2m  4b.iˆ and 2n  4c.i ˆ
 5        
 a.b 
2
Now c  a  2 b  3 a  b   on adding 2  l  m  n   4 a  b  c .iˆ  
      
   
 c  a  2b .b  3  a  b .b 
 
ˆˆ 
= 4 3i.i =12  l  m  n  6
        
  
 c .b  a.b  2 a  b  0   a b b   0  144. volume of the parallelopiped  abc 
 
 1  5  (area of the base parallellogram) h  abc 
 c .b   2  1  0  c .b 
2 2   
 a  b h  abc   38h  4

PINEGROVE 139
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

4 1    
h 2 2 a  b c We have a  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ and b  iˆ  ˆj
38 38h  4x4  19h  8 2
145. The foot of the point (1,3,4) in the plane    
 a  b  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ  a  b  9  3
2 x  y  z  3  0 is given by
   2
x 1 y  3 z  4 1 Also given c  a  2 2  c  a  8
    2  3  4  3   1 2 2    
2 1 1 6  c  a  2a.c  8 Given a  3 and a.c  c .
 F   1, 4,3 Whose distance from the x-axis 2   2 
Therefore, c  2 c  1  0   c  1  0  c  1
is 42  32  5   
146. The image of the point (2,-3,3) in the plane Substituting the values of a  b and c in (1), we get
x  2 y  z  1  0 is given by    1 3
x  2 y  3 z  3 2  
a  b  c   3 1 
2 2
    2  6  3  1  2       
1 2 1 6 151. Given that V  2i  j  k and W  i  3k and
 P  0,1,5  whose distance from the z-axis is     
u is a unit vector. Thus U  1 . Now U V W 
0 1  1    
       U . V  W  
U    
. 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  iˆ  3kˆ
 
147. a  b .c  0  a.c  b .c  0 
        U 
. 3iˆ  7 ˆj  kˆ 
 
a  b . a  0  b c  b .c  0 Therefore,
    32  7 2  12 cos  , which is maximum when
 
2 a.b  b .c  c .a  0 Now,, cos   1 .
      
 2 2 2 2    Hence, the maximum value of U V W  is 59

a  b  c  a b c  2 a.b  b .c  c .a  50 
   S R
a b c 5 2
148. Taking O as the origin, let the position vectors of
  b
A, B and C be a , b and c , respectively. Then the 152.
position vectors of G1, G2 and G3 are
      P Q
b c c a a b   
, and a  b  3i  j  2k c  i  2 j  3k
3 3 3    
1     a  b  a  b  10i  10 j  10k
  
V1   a b c  and V2  OG1 OG 2 OG 3   
6   2a  b  10i  10 j  10k
    
Now V2  OG1 OG 2 OG 3   
a  b  5 i  j  k c.a  b  10  k  1  9
 
1    
 V2  b  c c  a a  b  p r
27   153. 0   q 
2 2
2   2
 V2   abc   V2   6V1  9v2  4V1 . p q
27   27 abc     r
  2 2
     
149. We know that  e1 e2 e3   E1 E2 E3  abc 
     p 2  2q 2  r 2
    p  q  r  4
e1.E1 e1.E2 e1.E3 1 0 0 q2
     
 e2 .E1 e2 .E2 e2 .E2  0 1 0  1
      154. a  BC , b  CA , c  AB
e3 .E1 e3 .E2 e3 .E3 0 0 1
OA  OB  OC
      and OG 
150. a  b   c  a  b c sin 30 0
3

140 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

5. If b is vector whose initial point divides the
EXERCISE - VI ^ ^

SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS join of 5 i and 5 j in the ratio k:1 and whose

 ^ ^ ^
terminal point is the origin and b  37 , then
1. The unit vector c if  i  j  k bisects the
 ^ ^
k lies in the interval
angle between vectors c and 3 i  4 j is  1   1 
(A)  6,  (B)  , 6   ,  
1 ^ ^
 ^ 1  ^ ^ ^  6 6 
(A)  11 i  10 j  2 k  (B)  11i 10 j  2 k 
15   15    1 
(C)  0, 6 (D)  6, 
1 ^ ^ ^
 1 ^ ^ ^
  5
(C)  11 i  10 j  2 k  (D)  11 i  10 j  2 k 
15   15   6. Let x 2  3 y 2  3 be the equation of an ellipse
2. A man travelling east at 8km/h finds that the in the xy-plane. A and B are two points whose
wind seems to blow directly from the north. On ^ ^

doubling the speed, he finds that it appears to position vectors are  3 i and  3 i  2 k then
come from the north-east. The velocity of the the position vector of a point P on the ellipse
wind is such that APB   / 4 is
B
N Z
X1 P
st Y
1 N-E A

2nd
P O
45°
W E
O 45° 8i
x
Y1
1
Z

^ ^ ^  ^ 
S (A)  j (B)   i  j  (C)  i (D)  k
 
(A)   450 , v  8 2 (B)   450 , v  8 2  ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
7. If vectors a  3 i  j  2 k , b   i  3 j  4 k and
0 0
(C)   90 , v  4 2 (D)   60 , v  8 2  ^ ^ ^

3. ABCD is a parallelogram . If L and M be the c  4 i  2 j  6 k constitute the sides of ABC ,

middle points of BC and CD, respectively then the length of the median bisecting the
   
express AL and AM in terms of AB and vector c
   
AD . If AL  AM  K . AC then the value of 14
(A) 2 (B) (C) 74 (D) 6
K is 2
(A) 1/2 (B) 3/2 (C) 2 (D) 1 8. Let AC be an arc of a circle, subtending a right
  angle at the centre O. The point B divides the
4. If the vectors a and b are linearly
arc AC in the ratio 1:2 . If
independent satisfying     
  OA  a and OB  b , then calculate OC in
  
3 tan   1 a  3 sec   2 b  0 , then the  
terms of a and b

most general values of  are (y)

 11 A
(A) n  ,nZ (B) 2n  ,nZ B
6 6
30°
 11 60°
(C) 2n  , n  Z (D) 2n  ,nZ O C (x)
6 6        
(A) 2b  3 a (B) 2b  3 a (C) 2b  3 a (D) 3b  2 a

PINEGROVE 141
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

9. ABC is a triangle and O any point in the same 16. Let

a  i  j , b  j  k . If ‘m’ be slope of
plane. AO, BO and CO meet the sides BC, CA
and AB respectively at points D, E and F then tangent to the curve y  f  x  at x  1 where
OD OE OF
   3x  4   4
AD BE CF f   x  2  x  R    then the
 3x  4   3
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/3 (D) 2
vector of magnitude “m” along the bisector of
10. In triangle ABC, A  300 , H is the
angle between  and  is
orthocenter and D is the mid-point of BC. a b
Segment HD is produced to T such that 3 3 2
HD=DT. The length AT is equal to A)
2
 
i  2 j  k B) 3

i  j  2k
4 1
A) 2BC B) 3BC C) BC D) BC
3 3 2 i jk
11. The value of  so that the points P, Q, R and C)
3 3
 
i  2 j  k D)
2
S on the sides OA, OB, OC and AB of a regular 17. If the resultant of two forces is equal in
tetrahedron OABC are coplanar when magnitude to one of the components and
OP 1 OQ 1 OR 1 OS perpendicular to it in direction , find the other
 ,  ,  and   then
OA 3 OB 2 OC 3 AB component using the vector method
1 j
A)   B)   1 C)   0 D)for no value of  Q
2 P
12. In triangle ABC, AD and AD' are the bisectors
of the angle A meeting BC in D and D ' 
respectively. A ' is the mid point of DD ' ; B '
O P
and C ' are the points on CA and AB similarly
(A) 135 0 (B) 120 (C) 90
0 0 (D) 450
obtained then A ', B ', C ' forms
A) Equilateral triangle B) Isosceles triangle   
C) Scalene triangle D) Straight line 18. If the vector b   tan  , 1, 2 sin 2  and
13. Any plane cuts the sides AB, BC, CD, DA of a  
quadrilateral in P, Q, R, S respectively, and if
 
AP BQ CR DS   3 
 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 . Then c   tan  , tan  ,  
PB QC RD SA    are orthogonal and a
 sin 
  2
1234 

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 vector a  1,3,sin 2  makes an obtuse angle
14. Points X and Y are taken on the sides QR and with the z-axis then the value of  is
RS respectively of a parallelogram PQRS. So 1 1
that QX  4 XR and RY  4YS the line XY cuts A)    4n  1   tan 2 B)    4n  2    tan 2
PZ C)    4n  1   tan 1 2 D)    4n  2    tan 1 2
the line PR at Z then 
ZR 19. Image of the point P with position vector
1 21 21 16 7iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ in the line whose vector equation
A) B) C) D)
4 5 4 3 
15. Let OABCD is a pentagon in which the side 
is r  9iˆ  5 ˆj  5kˆ   iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ has the
OA and CB are parallel and the sides OD and position vector
AB are parallel and OA : CB  2 :1 and A) 9iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ B) 9iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ
OD : AB  1: 3 . If the diagonal OC and AD
C) 9i  5 ˆj  2kˆ D) 9iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ
meet at X then OX / XC =
A) 1/3 B) 1/5 C) 2/3 D) 2/5 
20. Foot of the perpendicular from the point P  a 

142 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

 
to the line r  b  tc are given by AB  2iˆ  10ˆj  11kˆ and

   AD   ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ . The side AD is rotated by an

 a  b .c     a.c  
A) b  2 c B) b    2  c acute angle a in the plane of the parallelogram
c  c  so that AD becomes AD1 . If AD1 makes a
   right angle with the side AB, then the cosine

a
 

 
b  c .c 
 c
of the angle a is given by [IIT JEE 2010]
C)  c2   D) None 8 17 1 4 5
  (A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
 
21. The reflection of the point P  a  with respect 26. The vector A satisfying the vector equation
        
to the line r  b  tc A  B  a , A  B  b and A.a  1 , where a and

      b are given vectors is
  
a  b .c    
  a  b .c 
     
A) 2b  a  2  2 c B) b  a  2 c  
b  a  a  a 2  1  
ab  a
c c
A) B)
 a2 a2
 
b  a 

   a  b .c  

  a

a  a 2  1  b  b 2  1
C)  c 2  D) None C) D) None of these
  a 2  b2
27. The point of intersection of the lines
22. The lar distance from A 1, 4, 2  from the        
r  a  b  a and r  b  a  b
 
segment BC where B   2,1, 2  , C  0, 5,1 A) a  b B) a  b
 
3 26 26 3 C) 2a  3b D) 3a  2b
A) B) C) D) 26 28. In a regular tetrahedron of side a the distance
7 7 7
of any vertex from opposite face is
23. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that
2 1 2 1
A) a B) a C) a D) a
a  2b  3c  3  2 2 , angle between a and 3 3 3 2
29. The shortest distance between two opposite
b is  , angle between a and c is  and angle edges regular tetrahedron of side k is
  2  k k k k
between b and c varies in  ,  then the A) B) C) D)
 2 3  2 3 2 3
greatest value of 4 cos   6 cos  30. The shortest distance between the lines
      
A) 2 2  5 B) 2 2  5 C) 2 2  5 D) 42
24. Let P, Q, R and S be the points on the plane

r  3i  15 j  9k   2i  7 j  5k 
      
with position vectors –2 ˆi  ˆj, 4i,3i
ˆ ˆ  3jˆ and
and   
r  i  j  9k   2i  j  3k is 
3iˆ  2ˆj respectively. The quadrilateral PQRS
A) 34 B) 3 C) 4 3 D) 2 3
must be a [IIT JEE 2010]
(A) parallelogram, which is neither a rhombus nor 31. If a plane is parallel to two vectors iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
a rectangle
and 2iˆ and another plane is parallel to two
(B) square
(C) rectangle, but not a square other vectors iˆ  ˆj and iˆ  kˆ , then the acute
(D) rhombus, but not a square angle between 2iˆ  ˆj and the line of
25. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram ABCD
intersection of the planes will be

PINEGROVE 143
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV


 3 
1  2 
1 36. The distance of the point P  a  from the plane
A) cos   B) cos    
 30   30  r .n  q measured parallel to the line r  b  tc
1  1 
  q 2 a.n  
1  19  q  a. n 
C) cos   D) cos   A) c.n c B)  n  c
 10   30 
 
    
32. If the vector x satisfying x  a  x.b c  d
     
q  a.n  b c
   C)  D) q  
   a  d c   c n
be given by x   a  a    2 , then   37. A square PQRS is folded along the diagonal
 a.c  a
PR so that the planes PRQ and PRS are
   
a.c a.b c .d a. x perpendicular to one another then the shortest
A) 2 B) 2 C) 2 D) 2
a b c a distance between PQ ' and RS interms of P
 (the length of side of the square) ( Q  Q '
33. The lar distance from the point A  a  to the
 after folding)
plane r .n  q is
P
  A) B) C) 2P D) 2P
q  a.n a.n P 2
A)  B) n   q
  
n
38. OA, OB, OC are three coterminuous edges of
 a rectangular parallelopipped and
q  a.n
C)  D) None   
n OA  x, OB  y, OC  z , then shortest
34. The reflection of the point a in the plane 
distance between OA and either diagonal skew

r .n  q to it

  q  a.n    
  q  a.n  
yz xy
A) B)
A) a  2   2  n B) a    2  n y2  z2 x2  y 2
 n   n 
zx z2

  a.n   C)
x2  z 2
D) 2
y
C) a    2  n D) None
n  
39. The line passing through the point P  a 

35. The reflection of the line r  a  tb in the plane parallel to the line of intersection of planes
  
r .n  q r .n1  1, r .n2  1
         
   q  a.n    A) r  a  t  n1  n2  B) r  a  t  n1  n2 
A) r  a    2  n  b       
 n  C) r  a  t  n1  n2  D) r  t  n1  n2 
 40. The equation of the line passing through the
       
  q  a.n  b .n  point A  a  and is perpendicular to r .n1  q1
B) r  a  2    n  t  b  2  n 
 n2   2
n  
   and r .n2  q2
         
   2 b  
.n 
A) r .  n1  n2   q1  q2 B) r . n1  n2   a. n1  n2 
     
C) r  a  b   n D) None
n C) r. n1  n2   a. n1  n2 
  
D) r .  n1  n2   q1  q2

144 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

   Then which of the following is a set of mutually

41. If p, q , r are three non coplanar vectors then
orthogonal vectors [IIT JEE 2005]
  
p q r   
(A) {a, b1, c1 }
  
(B) {a, b1, c 2 }
   1
p.a q.a r .a             
       p  q q  r r  p (C) {a, b2 , c 3 } (D) {a, b2 , c 4 }
p.b q.b r .b
46. The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length
       and are parallel to non-coplanar unit vector
A) a  b B) a  b C) a  b D) 0
  ˆ cˆ such that a.
ˆ b, ˆ bˆ  b.c
ˆ ˆ  c.a 1
ˆ ˆ  . Then, the
42. The three planes r .n1  p1 , r .n2  p2 , a,
2
 volume of the parallelopiped is [IIT JEE 2008]
r .n3  p3 have a common line of intersection
then 1 1
      (A) cu unit (B) cu unit
2 2 2
p1  n2  n3   p2  n3  n1   p3  n1  n2  
    (C)
3
cu unit (D)
1
cu unit
A) n1  n2  n3 B) 0 2 3
  
C) n1  n2  n3
 
D) n1  2n2  3n3
  
47. Vectors a , b are non-zero, non-collinear
 
43. Let v be the volume of parallelopipped formed vectors such that a  2 , a.b  1 and angle
by the vectors
     
a  a1i  a2 j  a3k between a and b is , if r is any vector
    3
b  b1i  b2 j  b3k satisfying   
r .a  2 , r .b  8 ,
        
c  c1i  c2 j  c3k r  2a  10b . a  b  4 3 also   
If ar , br , cr for r  1, 2,3 are non negative reals     
3
r  2a  10b   a  b then      
and  a r  br  cr   3L then 4 2 1
r 1 A) B) C) 3 D)
3 3 3
A) v  L3 B) v  L3  ˆ ˆ ˆ  ˆ ˆ ˆ  ˆ ˆ ˆ
48. Let a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k and c  i  j  k
C) v  2 L  3 D) v  L
   be three vectors. A vector v in the plane of a
44. If a  b  c  1 and
 1
   and b , whose projection on c is , is given
a.b  b .c  c .a  cos  then maximum value of 3
 is by [IIT 2011]
  2  A) iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ B) 3iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ
A) 2) C) D)
2 4 3 6 C) 3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ D) iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ
  
45. If a, b, c are three non-zero, non-coplanar MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
   
49. A particle in equilibrium is subjected to four

b1  b 

b.a  
a, b2  b 

b.a 
a,  ^  4 ^ 12 ^
 3 ^
vectors and  
forces F1  10 k , F2  u 13 i  13 j  13 k  ,
| a |2 | a |2  
          4 ^ 12 ^ 3 ^    ^ ^

 
c .a 
c .b   
c .a  c .b1  F3  V  i  j  k  , F4  W cos  i  sin  j  ,then
c1  c  
a 
b, c2  c  
a 
b1,  13 13 13   
| a |2 | b |2 | a |2 | b |2
65 65
      (A) U  1  3cot   (B) V  1  3cot  
  c .a  c .b 2   
c .a  3 3
c3  c  a b2 , c 4  a  a

| a |2

| b2 |2

130
| a |2 (C) W  40cos ec (D) U  V 
3

PINEGROVE 145
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

50. In quadrilateral ABCD , 55. The vectors a , b , c are of the same length and
      
AB  a, BC  b, AD  b  a . If M is the the angle between any two of them is the same.

If a  iˆ  ˆj , b  ˆj  kˆ , then c is
midpoint of BC and N is point on DM such 
4 1
that DN = DM , then
5 A)
3

 iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ  B) iˆ  kˆ
   
(A) 5 AN  3 AC (B) 3 AN  5 AC 1
      
C) iˆ  4 ˆj  kˆ
3
 
D) iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ 
(C) 5 AN  3 AC  0 (D) 3 AN  5 AC  0
      56. ABCD is a square described in the
51. Let p  4q  3r and 3 p  2q  3r , then anticlockwise direction. The position vector of
   
  A is i  2 j and the position vector of centre
(A) p, q are having same directions, p  q
 
    of square is 6i  j , then
(B) p, q are having opposite directions, p  q  

  A) position vector of B is 7i  6 j
 
(C) p, r are having same directions p  r  
B) position vector of D is 5i  4 j
     
(D) p, r are having opposite directions p  r C) position vector of C is 10i  j
D) area of square is 52 [Link]
1  2 1
         57. The values of x for which the angle between
52. Let a   0  ; b   1  ; c   1 . then the  
the vectors a  xi  3 j  k and b  2xi  xj  k
 3  0   1  
is acute , and the angle between the vector b
 2  and the axis of ordinates is obtuse are
  
 a   b   c   5 (A) 1,2 (B) 2, 3 (C) all x  0 (D) all x  0
numbers  ,  ,  such that ,
 6   
58. Let a  4i  3j and b be two vectors
are perpendicular to each other in xy-plane. The
(A)   1 (B)   2 (C)   3 vectors c in the same plane having projections

1 and 2 along a and c are

(D)       0
 
53. The vector a  b bisects the angle between the (A)  2 ˆi  11ˆj (B) 2 ˆi  ˆj (C)  2 ˆi  11 ˆj (D) 2 ˆi  11 ˆj
3 2 5 5 3 2
vectros â and b̂ if 
   
59. The vectors AB  3iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ and
(A) a  b (B) angle between a and b is zero 
BC  ˆi  2kˆ are the adjacent sides of a
  parallelogram. The angle between its diagonals
(C) a  b  0 (D) none of the above is
  
54. If each of a, b, c is orthogonal to sum of other (A)  / 4 (B)  / 3 (C) 3 / 4 (D) 2 / 3
60. The position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of
       
two vectors and a  3 , b  4 , c  5 then a tetrahedron ABCD are i  j  k i and 3i
 respectively. The altitude from the vertex D
A) when a is equally inclined with coordinate axes to the opposite face ABC meet the median line
then tan    2 through A of the ABC at E. If the length of side AD
 
B) range of a  b is 1, 7 2 2
is 4 and volume of tetrahedron is then P.V of E is
  3
     
C) range of b  c is 1,9 A) i  3 j  3k B) 3i  j  k
D) None of the above      
C) i  3 j  k D) i  j  k

146 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA


61. The vectors (x,x+1, x+2), (x+3,x+4,x+5) and 66. Let r be a unit vector satisfying r  a  b ,
(x+6, x+7,x+8) are coplanar for  
(A) all values of x (B) x<0 where a  3 and b  2 then
(C) x>0 (D) none of these
 2     1   
62. A pyramid with vertex at the point P, whose
 
A) r  a  a  b
3
 
B) r  a  a  b
3
 
position vector is 4i  2 j  2 3k has a 
 2    1   
regular hexagonal base ABCDEF. Position C) r  a 
 a  b D) r  a  a  b  
   
3

3
vectors of points A and B are i and i  2 j 67. If a and b are two unit vectors perpendicular
respectively. Centre of the base has the     
   to each other and c  1 a   2 b  3 a b ,  
position vector i  j  3k . Altitude drawn
then which of the following is(are) true?
from P on the base meets the diagonal AD at      
point G and volume of the pyramid is 6 3
A) 1  a.c B) 2  b  c C) 3  a  b  c  
    
cubic units then all possible position vectors
of G are

D) 1  2  3  a  b  a  b .c 

      68. If the side AB of an equilateral triangle, ABC

A) i  2 j  2 3k B)  i  2 j  2 3k 
lying in the xy-plane is 3iˆ , then the side CB

      can be
C) 3i  2 j  2 3k D) 3i  2 j  2 3k
    3 3
63. If a, b are non collinear vectors and r  r  a  b 
A)  iˆ  3 ˆj
2
 B) iˆ  3 ˆj
2
 
then 3 3
  2 2     
  a.b  a  b  a  b

C)  iˆ  3 ˆj
2
 D) iˆ  3 ˆj
2
 

A) r 
 a.b   b
B) r     
2 1 a
2
69. Let a , b and c be three non-coplanar vectors
1 a 
      and d be a non-zero vector perpendicular to
 b  ab  b  ab   
C)
r
1 a
 2
D) r 
1 a
 2 a 
b c .  Now
      
  d  a b sin 
x  b  
 c cos y  2  c  a  then
64. Unit vectors a and b are perpendicular and
unit vector c is inclined at an angle  to both
     
d . a  c  d . a  c 
       A)  a b c   2 B)  a b c   2

a and b . If c   a   b   a  b then     
A) a   B)  2  1  2 2 2 2 2
C) minimum value of x  y is
2 1  cos 2 4
C)  2   cos 2 D)  
2 5 2
  2 2
D) minimum value of x  y is
65. a and b are two given vectors. With these 4
vectors as adjacent sides, a parallelogram is 70. The scalars and m such that   
constructed. The vector which is the altitude l la  mb c,
 
of the parallelogram and which is perpendicular where a , b and c are given vectors, are equal

to a is to
     
 a.b  a  b 1 2    
    c  b  . a  b 
  
 c  a .b  a 
A)  2 B) a 2 a b  a.b a l  B) l   
A)
 a  b 
2
a b a
             

a  a b  a b a   c  a .b  a   c  a .b  a 
2  
C) 2 D) C) m   m
b  a  D)
2
a b b a

PINEGROVE 147
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

   
   
71. If a,b,c,d are any four vectors then 75. Statement 1:Let a, b, c and d be the position
    vectors of four points A,B,C and D and
(a b)  (c  d) is a vector :     
3a  2b  5c  6d  0 . Then points A,B,C and
   
(A) perpendicular to a,b,c,d D are coplanar
(B) along the line of intersection of two planes, one Statement 2: Three non-zero ,linearly
  
 
containing a,b and the other containing c, d
 

dependent coinitial vectors PQ, PR and PS 
are coplanar
(C) equally inclined to both a b and c d  
   76. Statement 1: If a , b are sides of parallelogram
(D) coplanar with a,b,c and d    
and a  3, b  4 and a  b  5, then
ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
 
In the following set of questions, a Statement ab  5 .
I is given and a corresponding Statement II is
given just below it. Mark the correct answer Statement 2 : The length of the diagonals of a
as: rectangle is the same
 
(A) Both Statement I and II are true and 77. Statement I : If a,b,c are non-coplanar, then
Statement II is a correct explanation for     
Statement I. b  c,c  a and a  b are also non-coplanar
(B) Both Statement I and II are true but  
Statement II: Vectors a,b,c are coplanar if
Statement II is not a correct explanation for
Statement I.   
and only if  a, b,c   0

(C) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
 
(D) Statement I is false and Statement II is 78. Statement I: If a,b,c are coplanar vectors,
true
     
72. Statment 1:In ABC , AB  BC  CA  0 a.a a.b a
   
    b.a b.b b  0
Statement 2: If OA  a, OB  b, then then     
   c.a c.b c
AB  a  b
      Statement II:
73. Statement 1 : If a  b  a  b , then a and b   
a.a a.b a
are perpendicular to each other       
Statement 2: If the diagonals of a   
 abc  a  b  b.a b.b b
  
parallelogram are equal in magnitude, then the c.a c.b c
parallelogram is a rectangle
   79. Statement I: The shortest distance between
 
74. Statement 1: Let A a , B b and C c be  the lines
x 3 y5 z 7
  and
three points such that 1 2 1
 ^ ^  ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
x 1 y 1 z 1
a  2 i k, b  3i j 3 k , c   i 7 j 5 k .   is 2 19
Then OABC is a tetrahedron 7 6 1
   Statement II: The shortest distance between
     
 
Statement 2: Let A a , B b and C c be  two skew lines r  a  tb and r  c  sd is
      
three points such that a, b and c are non-
coplanar. Then OABC is a tetrahedron, where
 
a  c . bd
 

O is the origin bd

148 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

80. Statement I : If any  ABC, cos2A + cos2B + 85. Statement 1 :

cos2C  -3/2         
 2a  3b,3b  5c,5c  7a   25 a b c 
Statement II: If O is the circum centre of    
   because
 ABC, then OA  OB  OC  0 .   
      Statement 2 : If a, b, c are non coplanar
81. PQ,QR, RS,ST,TU and UP represent the   
a b c  is non zero
sides of a regular hexagon  
     

Statement I: PQ  RS  ST  0  86. Statement 1 :If a, b, c are non coplanar then
     
     a,a  b, a  b  c are also non coplanar
Statement II: PQ  RS  0 and PQ  ST  0
because
T S
Statement 2 :
        
a, a  b, a  b  c   a b c 
U R    
PASSAGE QUESTIONS
P Q (P) A tetrahedron whose edges are all equal in
82. Consider the planes 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and 2x + length is regular tetrahedron. The faces of
y – 2z = 5. regular tetrahedron are equilateral triangle
 and angle between any two concurrent edge
Statement I: Let n1   3, 6, 2  and of a r egular tetr ahedr on is 600 then answer the
 following questions by taking length of the edge
n 2   2,1, 2  be normals to the planes then as a
  87. Angle between any edge and a face not
n1  n 2 is parallel to the line of intersection containing the edge is
of the planes.
  
Statement II: The vector 14i  2 j  15k is 1  1  1  1 
A) cos   B) cos  
parallel to the line of intersection of the planes.  3  3
 
83. Statement -1 : If the vector a and c are non-
2
collinear, then the lines
C) cos 1   D) 90o
      3 
r  6a  c    2c  a  and
     88. Angle between any two opposite edges is
r  a  c    a  3c  are coplanar
A) 60o B) 90o

Statement -2 : There exist  and such that
the two values of r becomes same. 1  1  1  1 
  C) cos   D) cos  
84. Statement -1 : If u and v are unit vectors 3 3
   
inclined at an angle  and x is a unit vector
89. The distance of any vertex from opposite face
bisecting the angle between them, then
  is
 uv
x a a
 2 a
2 cos a B)
A) C) D)
2 3 3 2 2 3
Statement -2 : If ABC is an isosceles triangle   
with AB=AC = 1 , then vector representing (P) If a , b , c be non coplanar unit vectors equally
 
 AB  AC inclined to one another at an angle  and if
bisector of Angle A is given by AD  .       
2 a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc then

PINEGROVE 149
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

90. p = ..............          
(P) If u  v  w  a, u  v  b, v  w  c,
1 1   
(A)
2cos
(B)
1  2cos a.u  a.v  1 and  3 then
a

1 1 96. u  __________
(C) (D)       
1  cos 1  2cos a ac ab ac
91. r = .............. A) B)
3 3
1 1    
(A) (B) a abc
2cos 2sin  C) D)
3 3
1 1 
(C) (D) 97. v  __________
1  2cos 1  2cos          
92. q = .............. a acab a  ac ab
A) B)
2cos 2sin  3 3
(A) (B)  
1  2cos 1  2cos ab
C) B) None
3
2cos 1 
(C) (D) 98. w  ____________
1  cos 1  2cos
            
(P) Let u , v , w be a 3 unit vectors such that a acab a  2a  c  a  b
        A) B)
3 3

u  v  w  a, u v w  b      
a  ab  ac
      3   7  C) D) None
 
u  v  w  c , a.u  , a.v  , a  2 then
2 4
3
 MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
93. u = ..... 99. COLUMN-I
 4  8      
(A) The projection of the vector i + j + k On the
(A) a  b  c (B) a  b  c
3 3 line whose vector equation is
    
abc  b c    

(C) (D) a   r =  3  t  i   2t  1 j  3t k , t being the scalar

3 2 3 parameter, is

94. v = .... (B) Let A       
= 3 i  j  k and AC = i  j  3 k . If


  B
   ab  the point P on the line segment BCis equidistant
(A) a  b  c (B) c
2 from AB and AC then AP is
 
  b c (C) The distance between the point with postion
(C)  4c (D) a     
2 3 vector  i  5 j  10 k and the point of intersection

95. w = ....    
   

of the line r  2 i  j  2 k  t  3 i  4 j  12 k  with the
       
ab cb  a  b  4  
(A)
3
(B)
3
(C) 
 3 
 4 (D) c  b
3
  
   
palne  i  j  k   5 is
r .
 

150 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

(D) The perpendicular distance from the origin to 101. COLUMN-I

 
the plane thourgh the point 7 j  7 k and containing (A) The postion vectors of vertices of ABC are
        
the line a, b, c and a . a  b . b  c . c  3 ,

   
    

r    i  3 j  2 k   t  3 i  2 j  k  is   
   
 a, b, c   0 , the postion vector of the orthocentre
COLUMN-II
(P) of ABC is
5
   
6 (B) If a, b, c are coplanar vectors and a is not
(Q)
14 
(R) 0 parallel to b then
(S) 13
100. COLUMN-I                    
 c  b  .  a b   a   a c  .  a b   b
(A) The distance of the point (1,0,1) from the line      

  
    is equal to
r   i  2 j  4 k     i  k  is
      
(B) If A denote the image of origin in the line (C) Let x, y and z be unit vetors such that
x 1 y 1 z 1     
   
  then OA= x  y  z  a, x   y  z   b ,
1 1 1  
(C) If a , b and c are three non- coplanar uni-
 

         7
modular vectors, each inclined with other at an angle  x y   z  c , a . x  3 2 , a .y 
  4
300 , then volume of tetrahedron whose edges are

   
a , b and c is and a  2 then x =
  
(D) If a, b and c are unit vectros such that   
(D) Let a, b and c be three non-zero vetors, no
 
      
a . b  0,  a  c  .  b  c   0 and
   two of which are collinear. If the vector 3 a  7 b is
   
  
  collinear with c and 3 b  2 c is collinear with a ,
c   a   b    a  b  where  ,  and  are
   
then 21b  14 c =
scalars then 2    1   2 
COLUMN-II
COLUMN-II
1 1   

(p) 3 3 5 (p)  3 a  4 b 8 c 
2 3 
(q) 0 
(q) 9 a
17
(r)
2   
  
 
(r)  a b  . a b  c
106   
(s)
9 
(s) a  b  c
 

PINEGROVE 151
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

INTEGER QUESTIONS 110. L e t V 1  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ, V 2  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ ,

102. E and F are the points on the sides BC and CD
  V 3  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ are three vectors. Let V
of a parallelogram ABCD. If BE  4  EC and
    be a vector such that it can be expressed as a
CF  4  FD the line EF cuts diagonal AC in linear combination of V 1 and V 2 also V .V 3  0
  25
and the projection of vector V on iˆ  ˆj  kˆ is
G. If AG   AC then the value
7
103. Given 2006 vectors on a plane, sum of every   ˆ
6 3. If V  t iˆ  3 ˆj  4k then the absolute
2005 vectors is a scalar multiple of the other
value of ‘t’ is
vector, not all vectors are scalar multiple of  
each other then magnitude of sum of all the 111. If the projection of A  a  in the plane r .nˆ  2
vectors is    
is ˆ   a  nˆ   b and a  3 then b 
n

104. The distance of the point B ˆi  2 ˆj  3kˆ to the   
112. a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , b  4iˆ  3ˆj  4kˆ ,

line passing through A 4iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ and  
ˆ ˆ ˆ are linearly dependent,

c 2
c  i  x1 j  x 2 k
ˆ ˆ
which is parallel to the vector C 2i  3 j  6k ˆ  then (i) x12  (ii) x 2 
49 2 
 
is  , then  113. Let a,b,c are three vectors having magnitudes
81 1,2,3 respectively satisfy the relation
 
105. Let V1  î  ĵ  k̂ ; V2  aî  bĵ  ck̂ where 
abc   6
 
a, b, c  {–2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}, if n be the number  
 
If d is a unit vector coplanar with b and c
of non zero vectors such that V2 is 
such that b.d  1 then the value of

perpendicular to V1 then n/3 is   2   2
 a  c  .d   a  c   d . is
  
106. a , b , c are 3 unit vectors such that each is  
114. If a,b,c are three non coplanar, non zeroo
inclined at an angle  with the other. A unit
 vectors and r is any vector in space such that
vector d is equally inclined with these vectors        
at an angle  , then 4cos   3cos 2 is
   
a  b   r  c   b  c   r  a
        
107. Let c be a unit vector coplanar with
  
 
  c  a   r  b   a b c  r then  is
a  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ and b  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ such that c 115. The position vectors of points A,B,C, D and E
 are respectively
is perpendicular to a . If P be the projection of
ˆi  2ˆj  k,2iˆ ˆ  ˆj  2k, ˆ 4 ˆj  4k,2i
ˆ ˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ
  11
c along b then the value of p is. and 4iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ . If the line AB cuts the plane
108. If  is the acute angle between the medians CDE at point P having position vector
drawn through the acute angle of an isosceles   
 i   j  k then the value of        is
right angled triangle then the value of 4sec 
116. If a and b are vectors in space given by
is
    ˆi  2jˆ 2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ
109. The resultant of vectors a and b is c . If c a and b  , then the value of
  5 14
trisects the angle between a and b ,
     
    2a  b  .  a  b    a  2b   is [IIT JEE 2010]
a  6, b  4, then c is  

152 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

  
117. Let a, b, c be coplanar unit vectors such EXERCISE - VI - KEY
   SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
that b.c  cos  , c.a  cos  , a.b  cos  then 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A
the value of 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.D
13.A 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.A
cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   2 cos  cos  cos  is 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.A 23.C 24.A
25.B 26.B 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C
118. If the vector iˆ  cjˆ  bkˆ, ci  ˆj  akˆ, 31.C 32.D 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.B
37.B 38.A 39.B 40.B 41.A 42.B
biˆ  ajˆ  kˆ are coplanar vectors and a  1, 43.A 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.A 48.C
2 MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
then the maximum value of aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ is [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
119. Given a tetrahedron DABC with AB =12, [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
CD=6. If the shortest distance between the [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
skew lines AB and CD is 8 and the angle [Link] [Link] [Link]
1 ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
between them is  / 6 , then the of the
6 72. C 73. A 74. D 75. A 76. A 77.A
volume of the tetrahedron is 78. A 79. D 80. A 81. C 82. B 83. A
84. A 85.D 86.A
120. The lengths of two opposite edges of PASSAGE QUESTIONS
tetrahedron are a and b and their S.D is d and 87. B 88. B 89. A 90. B 91. C 92. A
angle between them is  . If volume of 93. A 94. C 95. D 96. A 97. B 98. B
1 MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
tetrahedron is abd sin  then k is 99. A-q, B-p, C-s, D -r
k
100. A-r, B-s, C-p, D-q
121. The perpendicular distance of a corner of unit 101. A-s, B-r, C-p, D-q
cube from a diagonal not passing through it is INTEGER QUESTIONS
k then 3k 2  102.3 103.0 104.5 105.6 106.1 107.6
108.5 109.5 110.3 111.3 112(i).2
122. A square ABCD of diagonal 2a is folded along 112(ii).1 113.9 114.2 115.6 116.5 117.1
the diagonal AC so that planes DAC, BAC are 118.3. 119.8 120.6 121.2 122.2 123.4 124.1
at right angles. If the shortest distance between
ka EXERCISE - VI - HINTS
DC and AB is then k is SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
3
   ^ ^ ^
123. If a is a unit vector and projection of x along 1. Let c = x i  y j  z k , where x  y  z  1
2 2 2

     ^ ^
a is 2 units and a  x  b  x and ^ ^ 3i 4 j
    Unit vector along 3 i  4 j is

x
 la  b  a  b , then l  m is ^
5
^ ^
m The bisector of these two is  i  j  k (given).
Therefore
124. If acute angle between the line
     ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^ 3
^
i  4
^
j

 
r  i  2 j  l 4i  3k and xy  plane is  and  i j k    x i y j z k 
 5 
acute angle between the planes x  2 y  0 ,  
2 x  y  0 is  then cos 2   sin 2  
^ ^ ^ 1  ^ ^ ^

 i  j  k    5 x  3  i   5 y  4  j  5 z k 
5  

PINEGROVE 153
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

   1
 5 x  3  1,  5 y  4   1, 5 z  1  25  25k 2  37
5 5 5 k 1
5  3 5  4 1  5 1  k 2  37  k  1
x ,y ,z  
5 5  squarring both sides
putting these values in (ie), i.e,
25 1  k 2   37  k 2  2k  1
x 2  y 2  z 2  1, we get
2 2
 25  25 2   15 / 2 or 6k 2  37k  6  0   6k  1 k  6   0
 5  3    5  4 
 1 ^ ^ ^
  1 
k   , 6     ,  
c   11 i  10 j  2 k   6 
15     
2. The velocity of wind relative to man 6. Let p  xi  y j lies on the ellipse
= Actual velocity of wind-Actual velocity of man Now from the diagram, according to given
^ ^ conditions, AP=AB
Let i and j represent unit vectors along east and
2 2
north. Let the actual velocity of wind be given by 
or x  3  2

  y  0   4 or x  3   y2  4
^ ^
x i y j . solving (i) and (ii) we get x =0 and y  1
^
^
In the first case the man’s velocity is 8 i and that of Hence point P has position vector  j
the wind blowing from the north relative to the man 7. If a,b,c are sides of a triangle then length of median
^ 1
is  p j . Therefore through the vertex c is 2b 2  2a 2  c 2
2
^
 ^ ^
 ^   
 p j   x i  y j   8 i (by (i)) 8. Given that OA, OB and OC are coplanar, then
  
Comparing coefficients x-8=0 , y=-p OB can be written as the linear combination of
  
In the second case when the man doubles his speed, two non-collinear vectors OA and OC . Let OC
it seems to come from the north -east 
and OA be taken along x and y axes respectively ,
^ ^   ^ ^
 ^   
 q  i  j    x i  y j   16 i  x  16   q, y   q and OA = OB = OC = R (radius). Clearly, we
      
Putting x=8, we get q=8 y=-8 can say OB   cos 600  OC   cos 30 0  OA
Hence , the velocity of wind is
^ ^
 1  3   
^ ^  b  OC  a, OC  2b  3 a
x i  y j  8  i  j  Its magnitude is 2 2
 
9. Given that A,B,C and O points are coplanar. Let
   
8 2
8 2
 8 2 and tan   1 a, b, c and w be the position vectors of the points
A,B,C, and O respectively . By the concept of
  450 . Hence , its direction is from the
north -west coplanarity of 4 points , we have
    
AB  AC AC  AD xa  yb  zc  tw  0 and x  y  z  t  0
3. AL  , AM  A
2 2
3
 AL  AM  AC
2 F E
4. 3 tan   1  0 and 3 sec   2  0 O
11 11
   2n  ,nZ
6 6    
B D C
^ ^
 5 i  5k j  
xa  tw yb  zc

5. b  Also b  37 =Position vector of D point
xt yz
k 1

154 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA


OD x 
 2b   2 c    2 c   2 a
  ...........  i    a '  say  Similarly b ' 
AD t 2  2  2  2
OE y OF z  
similarly ,  .............(ii )  ....  iii    2 a   2b
BE t CF t c' Clearly
2 2
From (i) , (ii) & (iii) , we get   

OD OE
 
OF
 
x y z
 1 = e th
    
 2   2 a '  2   2 b '  2   2 c '  0 
AD BE CF t
and  2   2   2   2   2   2  0
10. Let the origin of reference be O, the circumcenter
       A ', B ', C ' are collinear
of the triangle and let OA  a , OB  b , OC  c and
13. Let A be the origin.
       
OT  t then a  b  c  R (circumradius) Let P.V. of B  b , P.V. of C  c , P.V. of D  d
  
Again  2 c  b 
        P.V. of P  1 b  p P.V. of Q    1  q
OA  OB  OC  OA  2OD  OA  AH  OH 1  1
  
2
  
 P.V. of H is a  b  c , since, D is the mid point 3d  c  d 
of HT, we have P.V. of R   1  r P.V. of S    1  s
      3 4
a b c t b c     
  t  a  2  1  q  2 c  b  1
2 2   
   
 AT  2a  AT  2a  2 a  2 R . But   3  1  r   3 d   2 c   2
(1) and (2)
BC  2 R sin A  R ,  AT  2BC
          
11. Let OA  b and OC  c then AB  b  a and   2  1 q   3  1 2 r  b  23d  1
 1   1   1    1  1    
OP  a , OQ  b , OR  c Now b     p   3  d   4  1 s
3 3 3  1 
since P, Q, R and S are coplanar, then  
    23 d   23  4  1 c   4 
PS   PQ   PR ( PS can be written as a linear  
  (3) and (4) b  23d
combination of PQ and PR )
      1  
  
  OQ  OP   OR  OP   1
 11 
 p   2 3  4  1 s   2 
  
a     From (1) and (2)  1  1 q   3  1 2 r
 
i.e., OS  OP        b  c
3 2 3
     1 
a     1  p    2  3   4  1  s
 OS  1       b  c ..... 1 Given  1 
3 2 3
      1   
OS   AB   b  a   .....  2   1  p   2  1 q   3  1 2 r
1
 1 
From (1) and (2),   0,    and
2 3  4  1 s  0 similar P, Q, R, S are coplaner
3
 1  1
   2  3    1   2  1   2  1 2 3  4  1  0
2 
   1
12. Let p.v. of A, B, C be a , b , c respectively
 1 2 3 4  1
Let BC   , AC   , AB  
   
S
S Y 4 r
b   c b c R
p.v. of pD  p.v. of D '  
    T Z x
   
b c b c 14.

p.v. of mid DD '  p.v. of    
A' P O Q
2 q

PINEGROVE 155
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV
     
Let P be the origin Let OQ  q , OR  r , OS  S  
    
     4r  q ab 2
OR  r  q  ps  s P.V. of X 
5
Required vector
 m

 
ab
 
 3 6
i2jk 
      
4s  r 4r  q   r  4 
P.V. of Y   r q ^
17. Let P be horizontal in the direction of unit vector i .
5 5 5
  The resultant is also P but perpendicular to it in the
  4   4r  q
r  q  ^
P.V. of t   5  5 r direction of unit vector j . If Q be the other force

 1  1
making an anlge  (obtuse ) as resultnat is
5  4  4 1
   0 perpendicular to P , then the two forces are P i
^

5    1   1 and 5 5
^ ^ ^
25 and Q cos  i +Q sin  j resultant is P j .
1  25
    4   ^ ^ ^ ^
4   1 25 4  
P j  Pi   Q cos i  Q sin j 
4  
c
C B b ^ ^
comparing coefficients of i and j , we get
d
P  Q cos   0 and Q sin   P
D x
15. or Q cos    P and Q sin   P
O A Squaring and adding Q  P 2 and dividing
(o) a

Let OABCD be a pentagon in which the sides OA tan   1   1350

and are parallel and the sides OD and AB are

parallel 18. a  1,3,sin 2  makes an obtuse angle with the
OA 2 OD 1 z-axis sin 2  0
 and  
CB 1 AB 2 Since b and c are orthogonal
Let x be the point of intersating OC and AD 
      b .c  0 ............... 1
 OA  2CB  a  2 b  c  
           tan 2   tan   6  0  tan   3 or  2
3OD  AB  3d  b  a  b  2b  2c  b  2c
2 tan  3
OX  AX  If tan   3 , then sin 2  2
  0,
Let  ,  1  tan  5
XC 1 XD 1 which is not possible (from (1))
 
C   b  2c  2    tan   2 .
  
 1  1  3   1
 
b c  2 tan  4
Again tan 2  2
 0.
1  tan  3
 L
   0   6 Also sin 2  0
3    1   1

2  2 lies in the third quadrant  2 lies in the

5 second quadrant
OX 2 
   sin is valid and    4n  1   tan 1 2
XC 5 2
10  2 x 19. Let image of P w.r.t. the given line be Q  ,  ,  
16. f  x   3 1  x  and slop of tangent
   7  1   2 
2 then mid point of PQ i.e.  , , 
drawn to y  f  x  at x  1 is .  2 2 2 
3

156 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

  7 ˆ  1 ˆ   2 ˆ   
lines on the line  i j k   
x  2b 
a  b .c 
a
 
2 2 2 
 c 

 9iˆ  5 ˆj  5kˆ   iˆ  3kˆ  5kˆ   
A
On comparing (1, 4, –2)

 7 
 9      11  2 
2
 22.
 1 
 5  3    11  6  
and 2  B (2,1,–2) M
x
C (0, –5,1)
 2 
 5  5    8  10      
2
Let p  BA, q  BC AM  BA sin   p sin 

 
Also PQ and given line are  i.e.,     q  p 3 26
q  p  q p sin  AM   
  7  .1     1 .3    2  .5  0 q 7
   7  3  3  5    10  0    
 q  2i  6 j  3k 
  3  5  14     
From (1) and (2),  p  i  3 j 
11  2  3 11  6   5  8  10   14 23. a  2b  3c  3  2 2

  1 From (1),  ,  ,     9,5, 2  4 cos   6 cos   11  2 2  12 cos  ,

P a   2 
gqt  , 
2 3 
max. of 4 cos   6 cos  is 2 2  5

20. 24. P : 2iˆ  ˆj, Q:4i,ˆ R :3iˆ  3j,ˆ S :  3iˆ  2ˆj

M S R
  r  b  tc
b  tc 
3i  2 j
Let M be the proof of  les from p on to the line
        2
  
Mp.c  0 a  b  tc .c  0 a.c  b .c  t c  0 P
3i  3 j

Q
     
t

a  b .c   a  b .c    2i  j

2  P.V of M = b  2 c 4i
c c
O
P a  
PQ  of P = 6iˆ  ˆj QR  3iˆ  3jˆ  4iˆ = ˆi  3jˆ
 
PS   3iˆ  2ˆj  2iˆ  ˆj = ˆi  3jˆ SR  3iˆ  3jˆ  3iˆ  2ˆj = 6iˆ  ˆj
r  b  tc  
21.
M
 
PQ. PS  6iˆ  ˆj . ˆi  3jˆ   3 ¹ 0 
   
Here PQ ||SR and PS ||QR
Q r x  
 but PQ is not perpendicular to PS
 
  r  b tc D C
Let Q  x  image pf P  a  in Let m   b  t c 
      2 
 
Pm. c  0 b  t c  a .c  0 b .c  t c  a.c  0
  
        25. [Link]  0 ,
t

a  b .c  xa  a  b .c   
2 Now 2  b  2 c 
c c
A B

PINEGROVE 157
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

So q is acute.
  28. normal vector of ABC is
[Link] 8
cosq =   =      
| AB | | AD | 9
cos(a + q) = 0 Þ [Link] - sina. sinq = 0
 
AB  AC b  a  c  a
      
8cosa - 17 .sina = 0 n  ab  bc  c a
O
2 2
17
64cos a = 17 sin a Þ cosa =
9
 
26. We have: A  B  a
     A
A.a  B.a  a.a  1  B.a  a 2 N
 
 
given Aa  1  B.a  a 2  1 ...... (i) B
Then  distance from O to plane ABC is
C

         
also A  B  b  a  A  B  a  b   
a.n abc
        
 
a b c 
 2

        a 
   
 a.B A  a. A B  a  b n a  b  b  c  c  a 2  Area of  ABC
3
        
  a 2  1 A  B  a  b 29. Consider OB  k its opposite edge AC  c  a

using  i  and aA  1 ......(ii)   
we have to find shortest distance between OA and AC
 
and A  B  a O
  
From (ii) and (iii), A 
 a b  a 
and

a2 A
  

   a  b  a 
B  a

 or C
 a2 
B
c
b
   2   

 b  a  a  a  1  equation OA is r  1  b
B         
a2
  
 
equation AC is r  1  s a  sc r  a  s c  a  
   

thus A 

a b  a
and
 S.D projection a on b  c  a  
a2       
   2

 b  a  a  a  1  
a bc  ba
         
a b c 
B
a2
bc ba b c  a  
   
27. r  a  b  a  1 k3
    k3  k 
r  b  a  b   2    2  2
 
b c  a sin 90 2k  2 
       
r a  r b  
r a  r b  0 30. Using the formula
        
 
 r  a b  0  r  a b  a2  a1  . b1  b2 
S .D   
        b1  b2
  
 r  t a  b From (1) t a  b  a  b  a 
              
     
t b  a  b  a  b  a  t  1  0  t  1 a2  a1  4i  16 j b1  b2  16i  16 j  16k
 
   b1  b 2 1   
r  ab   
b1  b 2 3
i  j k  

158 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

    
1
4  16 
12
4 3   a. x  a  a   d  c 
Hence S.D= x  a 
3 3
31. Vector perpendicular to plane which is parallel to
a2  d .c  a 2

  
vectors i  j  k and 2i
  
 
a  a 
a 
 d c
  2
 ;

a .x
a   i  j  k    2i   2  j  k  Where    2
 
d .c a a
Vector perpendicular to plane which is parallel to
vectors i  j and i  k A a

b   i  j    i  k   i  j  k
n
Vector parallel to the line of intersection of the planes
aˆ  bˆ  2 j  2k 33. r .n  q
P
Angle of intersection between 2i  j and the line
of intersection of the planes
 
 a  b  2i  j  
  Any point p on the line passing through A  a  and
 cos 1     parallel to n is
 a  b 2i  j      
  r  a  tn This point AP lines on r . n  q

1   2 j  2k  .  2i  j        
q  a.n
 cos  2 t  2
 4  4 4 1 
  a  tn  .n  q a. n  t n  q n
    
1  2  1  1 1  1   AP  OP  OA  v  a
 cos    cos   10     cos  
 8 5    10      
a  tn  a  a  a.n
 1   2 n  
Acute angle  cos 1   n n
 10 
    
 
32. x  a  x.b c  d A a

      
  
 x  a  x.b c  c  d  c or
r . n  q
    
 
x.b  c  c   d  c 34.
     

  x.c  a   a.c  x  d  c 
       B
 a   x.c  a   a.c  x  a  d  c    
Let B be the reflecking A in the plane r . n  q and
      

   a.c  a  x   a  d  c  A line AB is
      
 a  a  0  r  R  t n Let P.V..  B    a  t n 
    
 a a tn  t 
  a   d  c  Mid  B  lies in the plane  a  n
 xa   2 2
a .c
     t     t 2
  
 a x a  a 

 a d c   a  n  .n  q a. n  n  q
 2  2

a .c  
   2  q  a. n 
    a  d  c 
 
t 2
 a .a  x   a . x  a  a    or n
a .c   
    2  a  a. n 
   
a . x   a .x  a  a
a   
d  c B  a  2
 n
a .c

PINEGROVE 159
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

  
a  tb r  a  tb      q  a. n   c
t c t c    
P  c .n 
p R
S
p
n Q

p p p
r .n  q
37.
35.
P(O) Q
  
Let new positing Q be Q ' . Let i , j , k denote unit

Q vector along PQ ' . Let OP  O
   
 P.V. of Q ' be p i P.V. of R be pi  pj
 
Let P a  t b be any point on the line   
P.V. of S be pk Eq of PQ r  t p i

     
Equation of the line PQ is r  a  t b   n      
Eq of RS r  pi  pj  t pi  pj  pk .  
  
Let P.V. of Q is a  t b   n required shortest distance
    
 a tb a tb  n       
Mid PQ   
2
 
 pi  pj  . pi  pi  pj  pk p 
       
   
pi  pi  pj  pk 2 
 a  t b  n lies on r. n  q
2 C L

          2
 a  t b  n  .n  q a. n  t b . n  n  q
M P

 2  2
  

 
2 q  a  t b .n

 38. O
B

n A
   N   
   Let OA  xi, OB  yj , OC  zk where
  
 2 q  a  t b .n      
 P.V of Q  a tb 
n
 n
i , j , k are unit vectors along OA, OB, OC
 
  diagonal CN and BM are skew to ther edge OA .
 2  q  a. n    
a
b .n  
n t b 2 2 n
  
P.V. of A  xi P.V. of C  zu

2
n  n     
  P.V. of N  xi  yj Eq of OA is r  ti
    
r  b  tc P a
P.V. of CN is r  zk  p xi  yj  zk  
Non shortest Distance between OA and CN
36.

 zk  o  .i   xi  yj  zk  
yz
r .n  q
M i   xi  yj  zk  y2  z2
    L
Any point on the line PM is r  a  t c
Suppose it represents M
   
M  a  t c  lies on r . n  q
    
 a  t c  .n  q a.n  t  c .n   q
  39.
q  a.n    
t  MP  a   a  t c 
c .n
r .n1  1 r .n2  1

160 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA
 
Clearly n1  n2  the line L a1 a2 a3
(Inter puting two planes)
 43. v  b1 b2 b3
required line passing through a c1 c2 c3
     
and les to n1  n2  its & is v  a  t n1  n2    a1b1c3  a2b3c1  a3b1c2  a1b3c2  a3b2c1
  a1  b2  c3
40. Clearly n1  n2 is parallel is line of intersation of   a1b2 c3 
1/ 3

   AM  GM 3
r . n  q1 and r .n2  q2 . 3 3
   a  b2  c 3 
 a1 b 2 c 3   1 a 2 b3 c1  
a 2  b3  c1 
required plane r .n2  q2 les of the plane  3

  3


 
 n1  n2 les required plane a3  b1  c2 
3
 
required plane is how n1  n2 as its n or me
a3b1c2    v  a1b2 c3  a2b3c1  a3b1c2
 3 
  
 its equation is r.n1  n2  
   
its passing through a    a.n1  n2

1
27
 a1  b2  c3
3 3
   a2  b3  c1    a3  b1  c2 
3

      1 3
 Equation plane is r .n1  n2  a. n1  n2  a1  b2  c3  a2  b3  c1  a3  b1  c2 
     27
41. a  b  xp  yq  zr 1
   
2
     3c   c3
 
a  b . q  r   x  p q r  27
     
1     44. If a  b  c  1 and a.b  b.c  c.a  cos
x     a  b. q  r
p q r
    
a .a a .b a .c 1 cos  cos 
     2 
 a b c   b .c
 
b .c  cos 
1 a.q a.r 1 a. p b .q   b .b 1 cos 
      y        
 p q r  b .q b .r  p q r  a.r b .r c .a c .b c .c cos  cos  1
    Let. cos   m
1 a. p b. p
z         1 1  m 2   m  m  m 2   m  m 2  m 
 p q r  a.q b .q  a b
    1 m2  m2  m3  m3  m2
p q r 2
1         m 3  3 m 2  1  0   m  1  2 m  1  0
       p .q q .a r .a
 p  q , q  r , r  p  p .b q .b r . p 1 2 2
m O    Max. value of  is
42. Equation of plane passing through intersating two 2 3 3
planes 45. (B) We observe that
   


   b.a      
r .n1  n2   n2  p1   p2 . Where  is a a.b 1  a.b    2  a.a  a.b  a.b  0
parameter  a 
 
 
This plane and r .n3  p3 are identical for same     
    c.a  c.b 1  
a.c  a a  b
value of  . 2  a 2  2 1
  
b1 

n1   n2  kn3 p1   p2  kp3   
         a.c  a.c  0  0  a.b1  0 
 n1  n3   n2  n3  0 n1  n2  k n3  n2
      2
  
 p1   p2  n2  n3  kp3 n2  n3  pn2  n1 46. Let volume is V V 2  aˆ bˆ cˆ 

     
  
 n2  n3  p2 n2  n3  p3 n1  n2  0  ˆ ˆ a.b
a.a ˆ ˆ a.c ˆ ˆ
1
1
2
1
2
      1 1
  
 p1 n2  n3  p2 n3  n1  p3 n1  n2  0   
ˆ ˆ b.b
 b.a ˆ ˆ c.bˆ ˆ  2 1
2 =
1
ˆ ˆ
c.a ˆ ˆ c.c
c.b ˆ ˆ 1 1
1
2
2 2

PINEGROVE 161
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

     
47. r   a   b   a  b     6
 10q  12r  q   r.......  i 
 5
r .a  2  4    2    2 
     5 
r .b  8      8    10 (i) p =4 q + 3    q  by u sin g (i ) 
 6
      3 

r  2a  10b   a  b     p q
2
  2  
 r  2a  10b  . a  b    a  b    3
4  
 p  q and directions of p and q are same
     6     9 
48. v   a   b    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ     iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  (ii) p  4  r   3r p   r
  5  5
v .c 1
 
Projection of v on c is c  3
52. We have,
         
     
 i  3k   2i  j  r i  j  k  2i  5 j  6k

   
     iˆ       ˆj       kˆ  . iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  On comparing, we get
3   2    2............ i 
1     5 .................(ii)
           1
3 3    6................. iii 
     1     1 on solving the equations (i), (ii) & (iii) , we have
   1,   2,   3
  
 v     1 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   
 a b   
 ˆ ˆ ˆ  ˆ
2i  2k  i  j  kˆ aˆ  ^ ^
 ˆ
b  ^ ^
  
53.  a .  a  b   b .  a  b  or      . a  b  0  
     a b
 v   2  1 iˆ  ˆj   2   1 kˆ  
   
 which is possible when a  b a  b
At   2, v  3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ
 
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS If angle between a and b is  , then
  
49. As forces are in equilibrium we have a .a  a a cos  cos   1 ,   00
    
F1  F2  F3  F4  0
^ ^ ^ 54. cos 2   sin 2   sin 2   1
equating the coefficients of i , j , k and solve the
equations 2 2 1 1
 3sin   1  sin    sin  
50. Let point A be taken as origin. Then the position 3 3
    
vectors of B,C and D are a, a  b and b  a tan   2
respectively        
  
aba  b
 2) a .b  c  0 , 
b c  a  0, c a b  0   
[Link] M a     2 2 2 
2 2  a.b  b.c  c.a  0 a  b  a  b  2 a.b
 DN : NM  4 :1    2
  9  16  2 a b sin  a  b  25  2  3 4  sin 
 b  
4 a    b  a  
P.V. of N   2 3   = 25  24sin  a  b  25  24sin 
5
 ab
5
    
 3  a  b  25  24  7 a  b  25  24  1
AN  AC  
5 range of a  b is 1,7   25  24  1
   

51. Given that 3 4q  3r  2q  3r   
3) similarly we have calculate range of b  c

162 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA


55. Let c  c1iˆ  c2 ˆj  c3kˆ c.b ux   4 / 3  vx
2  2
2 Also b x 2 1  16 / 9  
 c12  c22  c32  iˆ  ˆj  2 Also,
 3u  4v  10
Solving these equations we have
 
c1iˆ  c2 ˆj  c3kˆ . iˆ  ˆj

  
c1iˆ  c2 ˆj  c3kˆ

1 u  2 and v  1 or u   2 / 5,v  11/ 5
2 2 2 59. The diagonals are given by
 c1  c2  c2  c3  1  c1  c3 and c2  1  c3 AB  BC  4i  2j  4k, AB  BC  2i  2j
2 1 These vectors have magnitudes 6 and 2 2 ,
Hence from (1), 3c3  2c3  1  0  c3   or respectively, and their dot product is 12. Therefore
3
the angle between them is
1
1 when c3   12 1  3
3 cos1  cos1  or
 1 ˆ
 ˆ ˆ 
c   i  4 j  k when c3  1, c  iˆ  k  ˆ
 6  2 2 
2 4 4
3
D C 60. ADE is right angled at E

1 2 2 1  
(6, 1)
   h  Area ABC  h   AB  AC
56.
E 3 3 2
D
A (1, 2) B
E is the mid-point of A and C

Position vector of C is 11i 4 h


AEB  DEA  AB 2  AD 2  2 AE 2 A (1,1,1)
2
 
If B or D is  x, y  BE. AE  0 2
E
  B D1 C
and DE. AE  0  5 x  y  29
(1,0,0) (2,0,0) (3,0,0)
2 2       
and  x  1   y  2   52 AB   j  k , AC  2i  j  k
  
 x 2  12 x  35  0  
i j k
 x  5, y  4 x  7, y  6 AB  AC  0 1 1
      2 1 1
OB  7i  6 j OD  5i  4 j and area = 52     
[Link]  i  0   j  2   k  2   2k  2 j
57. According to the given conditions a.b  0 and  
AB  AC  4  4  2 2
b.c  0 , where c   0,1,0  . Thus
2x 2  3x  1  0 for x  0 . But 2x 2  3x  1 2 2  1 1
   h  2 2   h  2
is greater than zero for all x  0 3  2 3
58. Let b  xi  yj . Since a is perpendicular to b so AE  16  4  2 3 AD1  1  1  1  3
 4  E divide AD1 in the ratio 2 3 : 3  2 :1 externally
4x  3y  0 . Thus b  x  i  j  . Let   
 3  then P.V if B is 3i  j  k or 2 : 3 externally
c  ui  vj be the required vector. According to   
the given condition P.V.E.  i  3 j  3k .
61. Since vectors (x,x+1,x+2), (x+3, x+4,x+5) and
c.a (x+6,x+7, x+8) are coplanar
1  4u  3v  5
a

PINEGROVE 163
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

x x 1 x  2  
a  r  a  r  a  a  b.
 x3 x4 x5  0
r  b   a.a  r   a  b  a  a  b
x6 x7 x8
Applying C2  C2  C1 and C3  C3  C1 1  a.a  r   a.b  a  b  a  b
x 1 2
r
 a.b  a  b  a  b
 x3 1 2  0 1  a.a
x6 1 2
and alos find r
62. Let the centre of the base be (O)
 
P 64. Since a , b and c are unit vectors inclined at an
(4i + 2j + 2 3k)
angle  .
E D   
a  b  1 and cos   a.c  b .c
(i + j + 3k)
F G
C     
O Now, c   a   b   a  b  (1)
A B      
(i) (i + 2j)     
 a.c    a.a    a.b   a. a  b
    2 a.b  0, a. a  b  0 
AB  2i  AB  2  cos    a    
1  cos   
Area of the OAB  .4. 3  3 Similarly, by taking dot product on both sides of

4 (1) by b , we get   cos
 Base area  6 3 [Link]     
Let height of the pyramid be h.    Again, c   a   b   a  b  
2     2
1  c  a  b   a b  
 .6 3h  6 3  h  3 units
3 2 2  2 
      2 a   2 b   2 a  b  2 a.b  
AP  3i  2 j  2 3k
      
AP  5 units , AG  4 units  
2 a  b  2 b . a  b  
   2
Now, AG and AO are collinear 1   2   2   2 a b
   
AG   AO  AG   AO 2 2 
 1  2 2   2  a b sin 2 
 2
2   4  2 1  2
     1  2 2   2   2  But     cos  .

AG  2 i  j  3k  2
1  2 2   2   2  1  2 cos 2    cos 2
    

G  2 i  j  3k  i   2 
1   2 1  cos 2

    2 2
 2i  2 j  2 3k  i , 65. We have,
    
 2i  2 j  2 3k  i    a.b  
  a.b
      AM=projection of b on a  a  AM    2  a
 3i  2 j  2 3k , i  2 j  2 3k a 
63. a.r  a.b ..............(1) Now, in ADM
     
AD  AM  MD  DM  AM  AD

164 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

 
 
 a.b a 
 DM   2  b

 .c
9
1
a cos      2    
 c 3 3 2
 1      2 
Also, DM  
a 
2  
a.b a  a b
 
 .d
9
1
cos      2     600
 1 2      d 3 3 2
 MD   2  a b  a.b a  Now,,
a           
  
69. d .a   a b c  cos y  d . b  c  

a  a b  1        
 
a
2
a 
 
  2  a.b a   a.a  b   DM

d. b  c
 cos y     Similarly,,
 a.b .c 
           
66. a   r  a   a  b 3r   a.r  a  a  b      
  
Also r  a  b sin2   2/3

d. a  b 
sin x      and     2
d . a  c 
a b c  a b c 
   
2 1
 1  cos 2      cos 2   a.r  1  sin x  cos y  2  0  sin x  cos y  2
3 3
  sin x  1, cos y  1
     r   a  b  a  
 3r  a  a  b 3 5 2 2 2
     Since we want the minimum value of x  y is
4
67. Given c  1a  2b  3 a  b           
 
and a.b  0, a  1, b  1
  
70. Here la  mb  b  c  b  la  b  c  b
   
      2   2    
c b . a b   

From (1), a.c  1 , c .b  2 and c . a  b  a  b 3   l a b  c b . a b  l 
      2
0 2
a b  
 1.1sin 90 
3  3    
     c  a . b  a  

Hence 1  2  3  a  b  a  b .c  Similarly, m    2
 3  3
b a  
 
68. Let a   iˆ  3 ˆj , b  iˆ  3 ˆj ,
2 2
  a x b
 3 ˆ  3
 
c   i  3 ˆj , d  iˆ  3 ˆj
2 2
  c
 
ˆ
AB  3i    say  d c x d
   
Clearly, a  b  c  d  3 l
    71. a
If  makes angle  ,  and  and  with a , b , c

and d , respectively, then
b
 9
 .a 1      
cos      2   (a  b)  (c  d)  a vector perpendicular to a  b

 a 3.3 2 and c  d.
9 If l is the line of intersection of the two planes of
      
 .b 1 a,b and c,d then   a  b
cos      2     600     
 b 3 3 2 and   c  d. So, (a  b)  (c  d) is also l whichis
 
equally inclined to a  b and c  d .

PINEGROVE 165
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

ASSERSION-REASONING QUESTIONS 58
      2 29 Hence Statement I is false
75. 3a  2b  5c  6d 29
      80. Statement II is clearly true. It is known that the
  
 2a  2b  5a  5c  6a  6d    angles
     
76. We have adjacent sides of triangle a  3, b  4  
OB, OC  2A, OC, OA  2B  
   
The lenth of the diagonal is a  b  5 
and OA, OB  2C 
     2
Since it satisfies the Pythagoras therem, a  b 0  O A  OB  O C
Hence the parallelogram is rectangle     
       2
2 2 2
 O A  O B  O C  2   O B.O C 
77.  b  c,c  a,a  b    abc   0
     3R 2  2R 2  cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C 
 
because by Statement I a,b,c are non - coplanar where OA = OB = OC = R. Therefore
78. Let 0  3 + 2(cos2A + cos2B + cos2C) Hence
   
a  a1 i  a 2 j  a 3 k 3
  cos 2A  cos 2B  cos 2C
    2
b  b1 i  b 2 j  b3 k     
  
c  c1 i  c2 j  c3 k
 
81. We have PQ  RS  ST  PQ  RT  0



   because PQ and RT are not parallel.
a1 a 2 a3 i j k   
   Statement I is true. Now PQ  R S  0
Then    
abc  a  b  b1 b 2 b3 a1 a 2 a3 because they are not parallel vectors. Also

c1 c 2 c3 b1 b 2 b3    
PQ  ST  0 because PQ and ST are parallel.
If A and B are two matrices of 3 × 3 order, then we Hence Statement II is false.
know that det (AB) = (det A) (det B). Therefore 82. We have
     
a.a a.b a i j k
           
   
abc  a  b  b.a b.b b
  
n 1  n 2  3  6  2  14i  2 j  15k
2 1 2
c.a c.b c
   
  83.  6    a   2  1 c  a 1     c  3  1
a,b,c are coplanar
       6    1 
    
 abc   0. So abc  a  b  0   5 ........................(1)
79. According to Theorem 6.44, Statement II is  2  1  3  1
correct. 2  3 .........................(2)
In the given lines
   Solving (1) & (2) two unique value of  and 
a   3,5,7  ,b  1, 2,1 ,c   1, 1, 1 
can be found out for which both the r will be same
   84 In an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC,
and d = (7, –6, 1). Now a  c   4,6,8  and the median and bisector from A must be same line
    reason R is true.
i j k    
     uv 1   
b  d  1  2 1  4i  6 j  8k Now AD  and | AD |2  | u |2  | v |2 2u.v 
2 4
7 6 1 1 1   
 1  1  2 cos    .2cos2
  | AD | cos
Therefore the shortest distance is 4 2 2 2
      unit vector along AD i.e., x is given by
 
a  c . 4i  6 j  8k

16  36  64 

AD
x   
 
uv
2 4  9  16 2 29 | AD | 2cos 
2

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85. Statement I is wrong since by using    3

       a b c  
  
a b c   a. b  c    2
We get     
   88. Consider 2 edges OA  a and BC  c  b
     
2a  3b,3b  5c,5c  7a   135 a b c  Let  be the angle between opposite edges
   
Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true O
86. Both statement 1 and 2 are true and statement 2 is
correct explanation of statement 1
statement 2 is indeed correct explanation of    
statement 1 [Link] A
cos    
 
PASSAGE QUESTIONS OA BC
     
87. Let OA  a , OB  b , OC  c be conterminus
B  C
edges of a tetrahedron (regular)   
   a cb   

a  b  c   the length of the edge.     a.c  ab
    0   90o
a BC  2
Normal to the face ABC is n  AB  AC
      89. Equation of plane ABC in the above diagram is
 a  b  bc  ca         
   ab  bc  ca a b c 
Angel between a and n is 
r.             
O ab  bc  ca ab  bc  ca
   lr distance from vertex O to the plane ABC
a.n     
cos    A
a b c  3
= a n     
is AB  AC
2
B  C  
  1/ 2 AB AB sin 60 o
 
abc  6 
       
2
3 3
a AB  AC  AB AC
2 2
required angel is 90     
3 3 here   a
1  2.
 cos  90     sin   1  2  2
3 3
2
 1   lr distance from vertex to the opposite face = a
 90    cos 1   3
 3 90, 91, 92.
      
2 2 1 1 a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc ... (1)
2 1   
2 2 2 2 taking dot product with a , b , c respectively in (1)
   2 2 2 1 1   
a b c  
  2  6 1 a b c   p  q cos  r cos ... (2)
2 2 2 2  
2 2 1 1 0  pcos  q  r cos ... (3)
2 1
  
2 2 2 2
a b c   pcos  q cos  r ... (4)
 
 1  1  1 1  1  1 1  (2) + (3) + (4) gives :
  6  1           
 4  2  2 4  2  4 2    
2 a b c 
3 1 1 3 1 6
  6       6     pqr ... (5)
4 8 8 4 4 2 2cos  1

PINEGROVE 167
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

(2) – (5)  cos gives           

        
a  u  v  a  b a.v u  a.u v  a  b
a b c 
     
p r u  v  a  b  1
 2 cos   11  cos   
   By takes cross product with a on both sides
2 a b c  cos        
q
 2cos  11  cos 

v w  c a  v w  a c 
       
  
1 cos  cos     
a.w u  a.v w  a  c   2 
a b c   cos  1 cos  Taking dot product in
But      
cos  cos  1 u  v  w  a by a on both sides
2
       
 1  2sin  1  sin   a.u  a.v  a.w  a  a  3
     
1 2cos a.w  1 v  w  a  c
pr , q
   
1  2cos 1  2cos Solving u  v  w  a, 1 and  2 
    
 a  a  c  2a  b
93, 94, 95. We get u 
     3
u  v  w  a taking dot product with u on          
both sides.  a  a  c  a  b  a  2a  c  a  b
      3 v w
1  u.v  u.w  a.u  3 3
2 MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
    1    
u.v  u.w  ... (1) 99. (A) A vector llr to the line is b  i  2 j  3 k
2   
similarly by taking dot product with v and w i  2 j 3 k
  3  unit vector along the line is
14
we get u.v  u.v  ... (2) The projection =
4 
    1  
 i 2 j 3 k 


u.w  v.w  ... (3)    
 i j k .
    6
4   14 14
      1 (D) Equation of the plane is
(1) + (2) + (3) u.v  v.w  w.u  ... (4) x 0 y 7 z  7
2  1 4 5  0
from the above (1), (2), (3), (4) we get v.w  0 , 3 2 1
  1  3 100. (A) Find the foot of perpendicular of P(1,0,1) on
u.w   , u.v  x 1 y  2 z  4
4 4   then find distance
        1 0 1
 
Now by using u  v  w  b u  v  w  c      
(B) same as (A) (C) a . a  b . b  c . c  1 and
 

   4  
we get v  4c , w 
3
cb   a
 
. b 
 
b . c  c
 
. a 
2
3 V  1  a b c 
6  
  4  8      
u a b c a .a a .b a .c
3 3 2 1      
96,97,98. 1      b.a b .b b .c
   
2
V  a b c 36      
u  v  b taking cross product by a 36   c.a c .b c .c

168 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA

  
    
(D)  a  c  .  b  c   0  2005  a1  a2  .....  a2006 
     
      2 
  a1  a2  .....  a2006 
a . b  c .  a  b   c   
  
 2005  s   s     2005 s  0
 
 a  b  .   a  b    a b c    1    2005 s  0 s  0
    1 105. We have
    1  
V1 ·V2 = a + b + c = 0
2
    1   2   2  1 but a, b, c Î {–2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}
now (i) if a = 1, b= – 1, c = 0, number = 3! =6
 a b c   0 & a  b  o (ii) if a = 2, b = – 2, c = 0, number = 3! = 6
c. a c. b 3!
 c  b  . a  b   b . a b. b
(iii)if a = 1, b = 1, c = – 2, number =
2!
=3
3!
a. a a. b (iv)if a = – 1, b = – 1, c = 2, number = =3
 a  c  . a  b   2!
c. a c. b
  
\ Total = 18
 
101. (A) a = b = c = 3 106. a.b  b .c  c.a  cos 
   
 circumetance ABC is 0 a.d  b .d  c .d  cos 
  
  
Since a , b , c have to be non-coplanar..
a b c  

cetroid = ob   
if d   a   b   c , by symmetry
3
    
Centroid divides OS in the ratio 2: 1      k 
d  k a  b  c 
(C) x  y  z  a   
 a . x  a . y  a .z  a  4
2 
d .a  k 1  b .a  c .a 
3 7 3 cos   k 1  2cos  ...... (1)
   a .z  4
2 4
 a .z 
4

d .d  3K cos   3K cos   1 ......... (2)
3 1
x .  x  y  z   x .a   x . y  x .z  etc. from (1) and (2) 3cos 2   1  2cos
2 2
(D) 3a  7b   c  (1)  1  cos 2 
 3   1  2cos
3b  2c   a  (2)  2 
(1)  3 - (2)  7  3  3cos 2  2  4cos
 9a  14c  3 c  7  a  4cos  3cos 
2  1
 
 9  7  &  14  3 107. Let c  xa  yb Where x,y are scalars
14 14 
   ,   
3 3
in ...............(1)   
 c  x ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ  y 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 

INTEGER QUESTIONS  c  ˆi  x  2y   ˆj   x  y   kˆ  2x  y 
   6x
103. Let a1 , a2 ........ a2006 be 2006 vectors 
But c.a  0 6x  5y  0  y 
    5
a1  a2  ......  a2005   a2006  7x ˆ x ˆ 4x ˆ
    so; c  i j k
a2  a3  ......  a2006   a1 5 5 5

PINEGROVE 169
 VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

49x 2  x 2  16x 2 25 8
We have
25
 1  x2 
66

3
3  2  4 cos3   3cos   
 5  7 ˆ 1 ˆ 4 ˆ  8  21 9  
c    i  j  k  3  2      5
66  5 5 5  3  16 4  
 11 11 110. V is coplanar with V1 and V2 and perpendicular
p  c.bˆ  so  6
6 p
108. Without loss of generality , let the right angled
to V3 
Let V   V 1  V2  V3 
OAB be such that OA  OB  1 unit. Along
 
  V 3  V 1  V 2 
 
OA take unit vector as î and along OB take unit
vector as ĵ  
   V 3 .V 2 1 3 V  V .V V
1 2

B
   5  i  j  2k    2  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ 
  
V   3iˆ  9 ˆj  12kˆ  ..............(i)

D
projection of V on iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
 3  9  12
  6 3    1
O E A 3
 
So, OA  ˆi OB  ˆj
   j

V   3iˆ  9 ˆj  12kˆ   3 iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ 

AD  OD  OA   î
2 111. Projection of A  a  in the plane r.nˆ  2 is
 
   î a   2  a.nˆ  nˆ
  ĵ   
113. Let the angle between a and b is  and a  b
BE  OE  OB 2
Let  be the acute angle between the medians. 
  and c is 
[Link] 
1 4    abc  6  sin  cos   1
cos        4 sec   5 
AD BE   5 5
4 so  sin   1,cos   1    900 ,  00

 
   
 a,b,c are mutually perpendicular
109. Let c be inclined at angles  with a and 2 with
 4 0 1
b   
      again bcd  0  0 9  c.d  0
a  b  c  a.a  a.b  a.c and   1 c.d 1
  
b.a  b.b  b.c  6  4cos 3  c cos  
 c.d  
3 3 
6cos 3  4  c cos 2 Eliminating c, we have a.d 0
2
 6  4cos 3   cos 2    6cos 3  4  cos 
1 0 0
 4  4 cos 3 cos 2  cos    6  cos 3  cos 2 
 2 3 3
2  cos 3 cos 2  cos  3  2  
a  c.d  0 9 27 9
2 9 
3 3 4 4
 3  cos 3 cos   cos   cos  3     0
2
1

3   2    2
 2sin 2  3sin   cos  
4 a  c   d    
 a.d c  c.d a
6  4 cos 3 8 2
i   c    3  2 cos 3  3 3 27
cos  3  a 
2 4

170 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV VECTOR ALGEBRA
     
 2    2 36 a .a a .b a .c 1 cos  cos 
so a  c.d   a  c   d  9      
b .c  c o s  cos   0
4 b .a
 
b .b
   
1
        cos  cos  1
 
114. a  b   r  c   abc  r  abr  c
c .a c .b c .c

      cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   2 cos  cos  cos   1

 arc b  brc  a 1 c b
          1 a  0, a 2  b 2  c 2  2 abc  1
 abc  r  abr  c  bcr  a  car b 118. c
b a 1
     
 
Now a  b   r  c   b  c    b  ca 
2
 1  a 2  c 2  c 2 a 2  1  a 2 1  c 2 
     
  r  a  c  a  r  b  a 2  1  c 2  1 likewise b 2  1
    
  
 abc  r  abr  c  bca  r
119. Give b  a  12, c  6
        
 bcr  a  cab  r  car b Equation of CD is r  tc and Equation of AB is
        
 3 abc  r  abc  r  2 abc  r     a b  ac
 
So   2
r  as ba  S .D      8
ba c
  
115.     c ba
A  acb   8
   
b  a  c 6V  8
2
B E
8  6  12 1
V   48 v 8
6 2 6
 
120. Let OA  a , BC  b equation of OA is r  ta
P equation of BC is
      
C

D r  1  s  b  sc r  b  s c  b  
AB  P.V of B-P.V of A  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ O
vector equation of line AB is
 ˆ
   
r  i  2ˆj  kˆ  t ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , where ‘t’ is scalar a
A
 1  t  ˆi   2  t  ˆj  1  t  kˆ
 
CE  4iˆ  5 ˆj  2kˆ CD  2iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ

CP  1  t  ˆi   2  t  4  ˆj  1  t  4  kˆ C
   B b
since CE,CD,CP are coplanar (c)
(b )
      
so, CECDCP   0  t  2 b c  b c 
 
so P.V. of P is 3iˆ  0 ˆj  3kˆ Now S.D  d     d
c ba
      6    
116. | a || b | 1 a.b  0   

b  c  b .a
d

Let c  b a sin 
           
l  (a  b)  (a  2b)  (a  b)  a  2(a  b)  b a b c  
         d  a b c   abd sin 
| a |2 b  (a.b)a  2(a.b)b  2 | b | a.  b  2a  
     ab sin 
(2a  b).l | 2a  b |2  5 . 1   1
  2 volume   a b c   abd sin 
117.  a b c   0   a b c   0 6 6

PINEGROVE 171
VECTOR ALGEBRA JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

121. Consider a corner O diagonal BR then S.D. between (1) & (2) is
C B (1,1,0)
  a  a   
Q  a 2 i 2 i  2 j  ak a 2 i 
P  
  a  a  
O a 2i   i j  ak 
A (1,0,0)  2 2 
R S
(0,0,1)
equation of BR is a 2 0 0
  
r 1  t  k  t i  j  a a
a
O (0,0,0) 2 2
a
0 0
2
  
 a 2  2 a 2  2a 3
  
i jk i j k
F
a
0 0
r 2
1 1 2 a a
 , ,  a
3 3 3 2 2
       
OF .i  j  k  0 r. i  j  k  0 2a 3 2a
      2

ti  t j  1  t  k .i  j  k  0 3.a 3
   
123. a  x  x  b
1       
3t  1  t 
3 
a a x  a x  ab
1 1 4 6 2        
OF      =k    
a.x a  a.a x  x  b  a  b
9 9 9 9 3      
a  
a.x a   x  b  a  b  1
122. x 2  x 2  a 2 x  
2 2x  a 2 x.a 
When it is folded along AC right angled to BAC   2  x.a  2
a
C B     
2a  b  a  b  2 x
   
 a a
,

,0 x
 
2a  b  a  b 

 2 2  2
x
3
x x cos  90      sin 
D A
5
(0,0,0) 3 4
sin   sin  
B goes to B '  cooridnates of B '  B ' 5 5
 a a  22 4
, ,0 cos   
 5. 5 5
 2 2 
   3

Eg: DC  r  t a 2 j  1 A a 2, 0, 0    sin  
5
    a  a   16 9 25
Eg. AB '  r  a 2 i  s  i j  ak    2  cos 2   sin 2     1
 2 2  25 25 25

172 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

3D CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM
x  axis. Here MN and y  axis are parallel. Here
SYNOPSIS
ON , NM , MP are
Rectangular cartesian coordinate
called the x  coordinate, y  coordinate, z  co
system :
   ordinate of P respectively. If ON  x, NM  y
Ø Let xox ' , yoy ' and zoz ' be three mutually
and MP  z then  x, y, z  are called the
perpendicular lines (in a space) intersecting at ‘O’
is called origin. coordinates of P.
Ø The co-ordinates of the origin are (0, 0, 0)
Y
Z Ø Let P   px , p y , pz  then
i) P lies on the x-axis  Py  0 and Pz  0

X1 X
ii) P lies on the y-axis  Px  0 and Pz  0
O
iii) P lies on the z-axis  Px  0 and Py  0
iv) P lies on the xoy plane  Pz  0
Z1
v) P lies on the yoz plane  Px  0
Y1
   vi) P lies on the zox plane  Py  0
Ø Lines xox ' , yoy ' and zoz ' are called
Octants :
x  axis, y  axis and z  axis respectively.. Ø The three coordinate planes divide the space into
  eight equal parts called Octants. The octant formed
Ø Plane passing through xox ' , yoy ' is called   
xy  plane (or) xoy  plane. Similarly by the edges o x , o y , o z is called the first
yz , zx  planes. octant. We write it as oxyz. The octant whose
Ø xy, yz and zx -planes are called coordinate planes bounding edges are ox,oy1,oz1 is denoted by oxy1z1.
and these planes are mutually In a similar fashion the remaining six octants can be
perpendicular. found. The following table shows the octants and
Ø Above system of coordinate axes is called the sign of coordinates in each octant.
rectangular cartesian coordinate system.
Coordinates of a point in space :
Ø Let P be a point in the space and PM be the
perpendicular from P to the XOY plane. Let
Z

P (x,y,z)
z
x N Ø The distance between the points  x1 , y1 , z1  and
X
O
y  x2 , y2 , z2  is
2 2 2
 x1  x 2    y1  y 2    z1  z 2 
Y M
Ø The distance between the points origin and
MN be the perpendicular from M to the

PINEGROVE 173
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 x1 , y1 , z1  is x12  y12  z12 x 2 , y 2 , z 2  externally in the ratio m : n are

Ø The perpendicular distance of the point P(x,y,z)  mx2  nx1 my 2  ny1 mz 2  nz1 
 , , 
from  mn mn mn 
a) x  axis is y 2  z 2 iii) The mid point of the line segment joining
x1, y1, z1  and x2 , y2 , z2  is
b) y  axis is x2  z 2  x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z2 
 , , 
c) z  axis is 2
x y 2  2 2 2 
W.E-3 : If D( 0,1,2 ), E(2,-1,3) and F( 1,-3,1) are
d) xy  plane is | z | the mid points of the sides BC,CA,AB of a
e) yz  plane is | x | triangle ABC, then A =
f) xz  plane is | y | Sol: A = E+F-D
= (2,-1,3) + (1, -3,1) - ( 0,1,2) = ( 3, -5,2)
W.E-1: The point equidistant from the points
A(a,0,0), B (0,b,0), C (0,0,c) and origin. Collinear points :
Sol: Let P (x,y,z) be the required point
Ø If the points Ax1, y1, z1 , Bx 2 , y 2 , z 2  and
OP 2  PA 2 C  x3 , y 3 , z 3  are collinear points then
 x + y  z   x  a  y  z
2 2 2 2 2 2
AB : BC = x1  x 2  : x 2  x 3  or
 2ax = a2 y1  y 2  : y 2  y3  or z1  z 2  : z 2  z3  or
a x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z2
x , similarly y =b/2, z= c/2   or
2 x2  x3 y2  y3 z2  z3
 P a / 2, b / 2, c / 2 x1 y1 z1
W.E-2 : The distance of the point ( 1,2,3) from x2 y2 z2  0
the x-axis is x3 y3 z3
P (1, 2, 3) W.E-4: If A,B,C are collinear points, B = (3,4,5)
C= ( -1,6,1) and AB = AC, then A =
Sol: Given AB =AC  A is the mid point of BC
x=1  A  1,5,3
Sol : W.E-5: If ( k,1,5), (1,0,3) ( 7,-2, l) are collinear,
then ( k,l )
X-axis
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
Sol: x  x  y  y  z  z
O A (1, 0, 0)
2 1 2 1 2 1
OA =1, OP = 14
K 1 1 0 53
  
 PA  OP 2  OA2  14 1  13 = y  z
2 2
7 1 2  0 l  3
Ø Section formula: k 1 1 2
i) The coordinates of the point which divides      k , l    2, 1
6 2 l 3
the line segment joining the points x1, y1, z1  and
Coordinate Plane divides line segment :
x 2 , y 2 , z 2  internally in the ratio m : n are
Ø If A x1 , y1 , z1  and Bx 2 , y 2 , z 2  are two points then
 mx2  nx1 my2  ny1 mz 2  nz1 
 , ,  i) yoz plane divides the line segment AB in the
 mn mn mn 
ii) The coordinates of the point which divides the ratio  x1 : x2
ii) zox plane divides the line segment AB in the
line segment joining the points x1, y1, z1  and
ratio - y1 : y 2

174 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

iii) x o y plane divides the line segment AB in the

iii)  G; OS   2 :1 .Where G is centroid, O is
ratio - z1 : z 2
orthocentre, S is circumcentre
iv) The internal angular bisector of angle A of
triangle ABC intersect the opposite side BC in D
W.E-9: If the orthocentre and the circumcentre
and I is incentre of the triangle then of a triangle are ( -3,5,2) (6,2,5), then its
i) BD : DC = AB:AC ii) AI : ID = AB+AC : BC centroid is
Sol: (G ; OS) = 2:1
W.E-6 : The line passing through the points A
13  26 15  2 2 12  2 5
 5,1, a  and B  3, b,1 crosses the yz  plane  
G =  , ,
 1 2 1 2 1  2 
 17 13 
at the point  0, ,   Then the values of = ( 3,3,4)
 2 2 
Ø Tetrahedron : i) Let ABC be a triangle and D
a, b are
be a point in the space which is not in the plane of
Sol: YZ plane divides AB in the ratio =  x1 : x2 the triangle ABC. Then ABCD is called
Tetrahedron.
 5b  3 5  3a   17 13 
 0, , 
  0, ,  ii) The tetrahedron ABCD has four faces namely
 2 2   2 2 
ABC , ACD , ABD, BCD and it has four
 a  6, b  4 vertices namelyA,B,C,D and it has six edges namely
W.E-7 : The ratio in which the line joining the AB,AC,BC,AD,BD and CD
points A ( -3,4,8) and B( 5,-6,4) is divided iii) The centroid G of Tetrahedron ABCD divides
by xoy plane and the point of intersection of the line joining any vertex to the centroid of its
the line with the plane. opposite triangle in the ratio 3:1.
Sol: Let P divides AB in the ratio  :1 iv) The centroid of the tetrahedron formed by the
 P is in xoy plane points  x1 , y1 , z1  ,  x2 , y2 , z2  ,  x3 , y3 , z3  and
4  8
  0    2  x4 , y4 , z4  is
 1
 x o y plane divides AB externally in the ratio  x1  x2  x3  x4 y1  y2  y3  y4 z1  z2  z3  z4 
 , , 
2:1, Point of intersection = ( 13,-16,0)  4 4 4 
W.E-8: If the vertices of a triangle are A( 3,2,0) v) If G is centroid of tetrahedron ABCD then
B(5,3,2) C( -9,6,-3) , the internal bisector of 4G = A+B+C+D
angle A meets BC in D, then co-ordinates of Ø Locus : i) The set of all points in the space
D are satisfying given condition or a given property is
BD BA 3 called locus.
Sol: We know that  
DC AC 13 ii) If p  x, y, z  is any point in a Locus then the
 39  13.5 3.6  13.3 33 13.2  algebraic relation between x, y, z obtained by using
 D   , ,  geometrical condition is called the
 3 13 3 13 3 13  equation of the locus.
 38 57 17  iii) The Locus of the point which is at a distance of
  , ,  k units from
16 16 16 
Centroid of triangle: XOY plane is z  k YOZ plane is x  k
Ø i) The centroid of the triangle formed by the points ZOX plane is y  k
x1, y1 , z1 , x 2 , y 2 , z 2  and x 3 , y3 , z3  is iv) The Locus of the point which is equidistant from
 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y 3 z1  z 2  z 3 
a) XY- plane and YZ - plane is z 2  x 2  0
 , , 
 3 3 3  b)YZ- plane and XZ - plane is x 2  y 2  0
ii) If G is centroid of ABC then 3G = A+B+C
c) XZ- plane and XY - plane is y 2  z 2 = 0

PINEGROVE 175
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

WE-10: What is the locus of the equation 7. The point P is on the y-axis. If P is equidistant
x2  y 2  z 2  1  0 from(1,2,3)and(2,3,4)then
Py =
Sol: Sum of positive numbers not equal to zero
Locus is an empty set 15 3
1) 2) 15 3) 30 4)
Translation of Axes : 2 2
Ø i) The transformation that obtained by shifting 8. If h, k are the perpendicular distances from
origin to some another point without changing the (1,2,3) to the x-axis, z-axis respectively, then
direction of axes is called Translation of axes. hk=
ii) If we shift the origin to the point (h,k,l) without 1) 65 2) 13 3) 5 4) 65
changing the directions of the coordinate axes and
(x,y,z) and (X,Y,Z) are the coordinates of the point SECTION FORMULA
P with respect to the old axes, new axes 9. The 1st point of trisection of segment joining
respectively, then  3, 1, 2  and  9,5, 2  is
x  X  h, y  Y  k , z  Z  l
1)  5,1,5 2)  5,1, 2 3)  5,1, 4  4)  4,1,6 
EXERCISE - I (C.W) 10. A = (2, 4, 5) and B = (3, 5, -4) are two points.
If the xy-plane, yz-plane divide AB in the ratios
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
a p
POINTS IN A SPACE a : b, p : q respectively then b  q 
1. The coordinates of a point on y-axis which
23 7 7 22
are at a distance of 5 2 from the point 1) 2) 3) 4)
12 12 12 15
P(3,-2,5) is COLLINEAR POINTS
1) (0,6,0) or (0,-2,0) 2) (0,-6,0) or (0,2,0)
11. If the point A(3, -2, 4), B(1, 1, 1) and
3) (0,4,0) or (0,-4,0) 4) (0,5,0) or (0,-5,0)
C(-1, 4,-2) are collinear then (C : AB) =
2. The distance of a point P  x, y, z  from its 1) 1 : 2 2) -2 :1 3) -1 : 2 4) 4 : 0
image in xy  plane is 12. If A = (1, 2, 3), B = (2, 10, 1), Q are collinear
points and Q x  1 then Q z 
1) 2 y 2) 2 z 3) 2 x 4) 2 x 2  y 2  z 2 1) -3 2) 7 3) -14 4) -7
3. The perimeter of the triangle formed by the COORDINATE PLANE DIVIDES
points 1, 0, 0  ,  0,1, 0  ,  0, 0,1 is LINE SEGMENT
1) 2 2) 2 2 3) 3 2 4) 4 2 13. If the zx-plane divides the line segment joining
(1, -1, 5) and (2, 3, 4) in the ratio p:1,then p +1
4. If L, M are the feet of the perpendiculars =
from (2,4,5) to the xy-plane, yz-plane
1 3 4
respectively, then the distance LM is 1) 2) 1 : 3 3) 4)
3 4 3
1) 41 2) 20 3) 29 4) 3 5 14. The ratio in which xy-plane divides the line
5. The points (-2,3,5), (1,2,3) and (7,0,-1) form segment joining (2,4,5) and (3,5,-4) is
1) a collinear points 1) 5:4 2) 2:1 3) 1:3 4) 3:2
2) an isosceles triangle CENTROID
3) a right angled triangle 15. If  3, 0,3 is a centroid of a triangle for
4) an equilateral triangle
6. If the extremities of a diagonal of a square which  3, 9,11 ,  2,5, 7  are two vertices ,
are (1, -2, 3) and (2, -3, 5) ,then the length of then third vertex
its side is (EAMCET-2001) 1) 1, 2,9  2)  10, 4, 9 
1) 6 2) 3 3) 5 4) 7
3)  1, 5, 2  4) 1,3, 1

176 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

16. If  2,3, 4  is the centroid of the tetrahedron  y  6  or  y  2

 the points are (0,-6,0) or (0,2,0)
for which  2,3, 1 ,  3, 0, 2  ,  1, 4,3 are
three vertices then the fouth vertex is 2. Find distance between P  x, y, z  and
1)  4,5,16  2)  3, 2, 4  P '  x, y ,  z 
3)  2,3, 4  4)  2, 2,12  3. Find AB  BC  CA
4. L   2, 4, 0  M   0, 4,5  , find LM
LOCUS
17. The equation of the set of points which are 2 2 2

equidistant from the points (1,2,3)

5. PQ  1  2    2  3   3  5  14
and (3,2,-1). QR  36  4  16  56  2 14
1) x  2 z  0 2) 2 x  z  0
2 2
3) 2 x  y  0 4) x  2 y  0 PR   7  2    0  3  36  126  3 14
18. If the sum of the squares of the perpendicular PQ+QR=PR
distances of P from the coordinate axes is 12 Heance P,Q,R are collinear points.
,then the locus of P is d
1) x 2  y2  z 2  6 2) x  y  z  6 6. x ( d = length of the diagonal)
2
3) x 2  y 2  z 2  12 4) x  y  z  12
7. h  y 2  z 2 , k  x2  y2
19. The locus of a point which is equidistant from
yz-plane and zx-plane is P = (0,k,0), PA = PB
1) x + y = 0 2) x 2  y 2  0 8. h  y2  z2 , k  x2  z 2
3) x 2  y2  z 2  0 4) x 3  y3  0 P = (0,k,0), PA = PB
9. Point which divides in the ratio 1 : 2
TRANSLATION OF AXES
10. a : b   z1 : z2 and p : q  x : x
20. Origin is shifted to the point P without 1 2
changing the directions of the axes. If the 11. x1  x : x  x2
coordinates of Q with respect to the old axes, 12. AQ : QB  2 : 3
new axes are
13. p : 1   y1 : y2
(2, -1, 4) and (3, 1, 2) respectively ,then
Px  Py  Pz  z1
14. xy-plane divides line segment AB in the ratio  z
1) -5 2) 5 3) -1 4) 1 2

EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY 15. 3G  A  B  C

1) 2 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5)1 6) 2 16. D   x, y, z  , 4G  A  B  C  D
7) 1 8)4 9) 2 10) 3 11) 2 12) 2 17. Apply PA=PB when P(x,y,z)
13)4 14) 1 15) 2 16) 1 17)1 18) 1
18. y 2  z 2  z 2  x 2   x 2  y 2   12
19) 2 20) 3
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS 19. x  y  x 2  y 2
1. Let the point Q(0,y,0) 20. Let p h, k , l  h = x-X k = y-Y l = z-Z
P(3,-2,5) ; PQ  5 2 EXERCISE - I (H.W)
2
 9   y  2   25  5 2 Distance between two points in a space :
 y 2  4 y  12  0 1. The coordinates of a point on x-axis which
are at a distance of 13 from the point P ( 1
  y  6  y  2   0

PINEGROVE 177
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

,2 ,3 ). ,then Px  Py  Pz 
1) ( 1, 0, 0 ) 2) ( 2, 0,0)
3) ( 3, 0, 0) 4) (13, 0, 0) 1) 6 2) -8 3) 8 4) 0
2. The distance of a point P ( x, y, z ) from its 11. If the line joning A 1, 3, 4  and B is divided by
image in yz-plane is
that point  2, 3,5 in the ratio 1:3, then B is
1) 2 y 2) 2 z 3) 2 x 4) 2 x  y  z2 2 2
(EAMCET-2014)
3. If ( 2, 1, 3 ), ( 3, 1, 5) and ( 1, 2, 4) are the mid 1)  11, 3,8 2)  11,3, 8 
points of the sides BC, CA,AB of ABC
respectively ,then the perimeter of the triangle 3)  8,12, 20  4) 13,6, 13
is COLLINEAR POINTS
1) 2 6  3 2) 22 6  3  12. If the points (5,4,2), (8,k,-7) and (6,2,-1) are
collinear ,then k =
3) 2 6  3 4) 6  3 1) -2 2) 2 3) 10 4) 1
13. If A = (1,2,3), B = (2,3,4) and AB is produced
4. If M, N are the feet of the perpendiculars upto C such that 2 AB = BC ,then C =
from ( 2,4,5) to yz- plane, zx plane respectively, 1) (5,4,6) 2) (6,2,4)
then the distance MN is 3) (4,5,6) 4) (6,4,5)
1) 6 2) 24 3) 30 4) 20 COORDINATE PLANE DIVIDES
5. The points (2,3,5), (-1,5,-1) and (4,-3,2) form LINE SEGMENT
1) a straight line 14. The ratio in which the line segment joining the
2) an isosceles triangle points  2, 4,3 and  4,5, 6  is divided by
3) a right angled triangle the xy  plane is
4) a right angled isosceles triangle 1) 1: 2 2) 1: 2 3) 2 :1 4) 2 :1
6. If A(0,4,1), B(a,b,c),C(4,5,0) D(2,6,2) are the 15. The ratio in which the line segment joining the
consecutive vertices of a square ,then the points A(-2,3,7), B(6,-1,2) is divided by the yz-
distance BD is plane is
2 2 2 1) 1:3 2) 5:4 3) 5:-4 4) 3:1
1)  a  2  b  6   c  2 CENTROID
2) 34 3) 18 4) 3 2 16. If (1, 1, a) is the centroid of the triangle formed
7. If h, k are the perpendicular distances from by the points (1, 2, -3), (b, 0, 1) and (-1, 1, -4)
(4,2,5) to the x-axis, y-axis respectively ,then ,then a - b =
hk= 1) -5 2) -7 3) 5 4) 1
1) 17. If D  2,1,0  , E  2, 0, 0  and F  0,1, 0  are mid
29 2) 13 3) 29 41 4) 13 19
8. The point P is on the x-axis . If P is equidistant points of the sides BC, CA and AB of triangle
ABC respectively, then the centroid of triangle
from (1,2,3) and (2,4,6) Then, Px = ABC is (EAMCET-2013)
1) 21 2) 15 3)30 4) 3/2
1 1 1 4 2 
SECTION FORMULA 1)  , ,  2)  , ,0 
 3 3 3 3 3 
9. If A = (2, -3, 1), B = (3, -4, 6) and C is a point of
trisection of AB ,then C y   2 1 1  4 1 1
3)   , ,  4)  , , 
 3 3 3  3 3 3
11 10 11
1) 2) -11 3) 4) 18. If (4,2, p) is the centroid of the tetrahedron
3 3 3
formed by the points (k,2,-1), (4,1,1), (6,2,5)
10. If A = (-2, 3, 4), B = (1, 2, 3) are two points and and (3,3,3) ,then k+p =
P is the point of intersection of AB and zx-plane

178 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

17 5 8. h  y2  z2 k  x2 z2
1) 2) 1 3) 4) 5
3 3 9. C divides AB in the ratio 2 :1
LOCUS 10. AP:PB = -3:2
19. Equation to the locus of points which are equal 11. B  4P  3A
distance from the points ( 1,-3,4), (1,3,4) is x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z2
1) xy=0 2) y=0 3) z=0 4) x=0 12. x  x  y  y  z  z
2 3 2 3 2 3
20. If the distance of P from (1, 1, 1) is equal to
double the distance of P from the y-axis ,then 13. B divides AC internally in 1 : 2  3 B  2A  C 
the locus of P is 14.  z1 : z2
1) 3x 2  y 2  3z 2  2x  2 y  2z  3  0 x1
15. yz-plane divides line segment AB in the ratio  x
2) 3x 2  y 2  3z 2  2x  2 y  2z  3  0 2

3) 3x 2  3y 2  3z 2  2x  2y  2z  3  0 16. 3G  A  B  C ; b = 3, a = -2; a-b =-5

17. 4G  A  B  C  D
4) 3x 2  y 2  3z 2  2 x  2 y  2 z  3  0
21. The locus of a point which is equidistant from  x1  x2  x3  x4 y1  y2  y3  y4 z1  z2  z3  z4 
18. G  , , 
xy-plane and yz-plane is  4 4 4 
19. PA = PB
1) y 2  z 2  0 2) x 2  z 2  0
20. AP  2 z 2  x 2
3) x 2  y 2  0 4) x 2  y 2  0
21. z x
TRANSLATION OF AXES
22.  3, 7,5   X , Y , Z    4,3,9 
22. The coordinates of a point  3, 7,5  in the
EXERCISE - II (C.W)
new system when the origin is shifted to
 4,3,9  is DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
1)  7,10, 4  2)  7, 10, 4  POINTS IN A SPACE
1. If P(0,5,6), Q(1,4,7), R(2,3,7) and S(6,5,16) are
3)  7, 10, 4  4)  7, 10, 4  four points in space, then point nearest to the
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-KEY origin is
1)1 2)3 3)2 4)4 5) 4 6) 4 1) P 2) Q 3) R 4) S
7) 3 8) 1 9) 4 10)3 11) 1 12)1 2. The circum radius of the triangle formed by
13) 3 14) 2 15)1 16) 1 17) 2 18) 4 the points (1, 2, -3), (2, -3, 1) and (-3, 1, 2) is
19) 2 20)1 21)2 22) 2 1) 14 2) 14 3) 13 4) 0
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-HINTS 3. The distance between the circumcentre and
1. Let the point Q ( a,0,0), P ( 1,2,3) PQ = 13 the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the
points (2, 1, 5), (3, 2, 3) and (4, 0, 4) is
 a 1  0
2
6
 a 1  4  9 = 13 1) 6 2) 3) 2 6 4) 0
2
2
 a 1
4. The points A(1,2,3); B=(-1,-2,-1); C(2,3,2) and
2. Find the Distance between P (x, y, z) and D(4,7,6) form
P1 x, y, z  1) Square 2) Rectangle
3) Parallelogram 4) Rhombus
3. AB + BC+ CA = 2( DE + EF + FD )
4. M=( 0,4,5), N= (2,0,5), MN = 4  16
SECTION FORMULA
5. If the orthocentre, circumcentre of a triangle
5. AB = AC; AB 2  AC 2  BC 2 are (-3, 5, 2), (6, 2, 5) respectively ,then the
6. AC = BD centroid of the triangle is
7. P ( k,0,0), PA =PB

PINEGROVE 179
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

3 7 9 9 3 3 3) x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  6 z  14  0
1) (3,3, 4) 2)  2 , 2 , 2  3) 9,9,12 4)  2 , ,2 , 2 
    4) y 2  4 y  6 x  14  0
6. A = (2, 3, 0) and B = (2,1, 2) are two points. If 13. The locus of the point P such that
the points P, Q are on the line AB such that
AP = PQ = QB then PQ = PA2  PB 2  10 where
8 A   2,3, 4  , B   3, 4, 2  is
1) 2 2 2) 6 2 3) 4) 2
9 1) x 2  y 2  z 2  x  y  4 z  12  0
7. In the right angled triangle ABC, B  90o , A=
2) x 2  y 2  z 2  5 x  y  6 z  24  0
(2, 5, 1), B = (1, 4, -3) and C = (-2, 7, -3). If P,
S, R are the orthocentre, circumcentre, 3) 2  x 2  y 2  z 2   x  y  4 z  12  0
circumradius of the triangle ABC then R  Py 
4) x 2  y 2  z 2  x  y  4 z  12  0
1) 7 2) 10 3) 8 4) 13
TRANSLATION OF AXES
8. The harmonic conjugate of  2,3, 4  w.r.t the 14. In order to eliminate the first degree terms in
points  3, 2, 2  and  6, 17, 4  is the equation
2 x 2  2 y 2  z 2  4 x  8y  2z  5  0 the origin
1)  0, 0, 0  
2) 1 2 , 13 , 1 4  should be shifted to the point
1) (1, 2, 1) 2) (1, 2, -1)
3) 11, 16, 2  4) 18 5 , 5, 4 5  3) (-1, 2, 1) 4) (1, -2, 1)
15. The transformed equation of
CENTROID 2 2 2
2 x  3 y  z  4 x  6 y  4 z  2  0 when the
9. G(1, 1, -2) is the centroid of the triangle ABC
and D is the mid point of BC. axes are translated to the point  1,1, 2  is
If A = (-1, 1, -4) then D = 1) 2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2  10
1 5
1)  2 , 1, 2  2) (5,1,2) 3)(-5,-1,-2) 4) (2,1, -1) 2) 2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2  5
 
10. In the tetrahedron ABCD, A = (1, 2, -3) 3) 2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2  15
and G(-3, 4, 5) is the centroid of the 4) 2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2  5
tetrahedron. If P is the centroid of the
 BCD then AP = EXERCISE-II (C.W)-KEY
1) 1 2) 1 3) 4 4) 3 5) 1 6) 3
8 21 4 21 21
1) 2) 3) 4 21 4) 7) 1 8) 4 9) 4 10) 1 11) 1 12) 3
3 3 3
13) 2 14) 2 15) 2
11. If the centroid of tetrahedron OABC
whereA,B,C are given by (a,2,3), (1,b,2) EXERCISE-II (C.W)-HINTS
and (2,1,c) respectively is (1,2,-1) then distance 1. Find OP, OQ, OR, OS
of P(a,b,c) from origin is 2. The triangle formed by the given points is an
equilateral triangle.
107 Circum radius = AG where G = centroid
1) 107 2) 14 3) 4) 13
14 3. The triangle formed by the given points is an
equilateral triangle.
LOCUS
 circum centre = ortho centre
12. The locus of a point whose distance from (1,2,3) 2 2 2
is equal to its distance from the 4. AB  1  1   2  2    3  1 6
xy-plane is
2 2 2
1) x 2  y 2  z 2  2 x  4 y  6 z  14  0 BC   2  1   3  2    2  1  43

2) x 2  y 2  2 x  14  0 CD 
2 2
 4  2    7  3   6  2 
2
6

180 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

2 2 2 4. The points A(5,-1,1), B(7,-4,7), C (1,-6,10), D

DA  1  4    2  7    3  6   43 (-1,-3,4) form
AB=CD and BC=AD. ABCD is parallelogram 1) A parallelogram 2) A rhombus
3) A square 4) A rectangle
verify AC  BD  AC  3; BD  155
5. A (5,4,6), B = (1,-1,3) and C (4,3,2) form
5. OG : GS = 2 : 1
6. P,Q are the points of trisection of AB ABC . If the internal bisector of angle A
meets BC in D, then the length of AD is
 1 
 PQ  AB  1 3 5 7
 3  1) 170 2) 170 3) 170 4) 170
8 8 8 8
AC
7. Ortho centre = P = B and R  6. If A = (1,2,3) and B(3,5,7) and P,Q are the
2
points on AB such that AP=PQ=QB, then the
8. A  3,  2, 2; B  6,17 ,  4; P  2,3,4
mid point of PQ is
AP : PB  1: 4 . Harmonic conjugate of P
divides AB in the ratio 1 : 4  7 
1) (2,3,5) 2)  2, ,5  3) (2,4,5) 4) (4,7,0)
9. G divides AD in the ratio 2 : 1  2 
AG 4 AG 7. In  ABC if A = (0, 0, 4); AB = 4,
10. AP  AG  
3 3 BC = 3, CA = 5, I = (1, 0, 1) is the incentre and
a +1+ 2 + 0 2 + b + 1+ 0 3+2+c +0 the internal bisector of A intersects BC at
11. = 1, = 2, = -1
4 4 4 D then D x 
a =1, b =5, c =-9 4 4 8
op = 1+ 25 + 81  107 1) 2) 3) 4) 0
3 3 5
12. PA | z | 13. P  (x, y, z) 8. If the x-coordinate of P on the join of Q (2,2,1)
and R (5,1,-2) is 4, then z coordinate of P is
14. S  2x 2  2y 2  z 2  4x  8y  2z  5  0 1) -2 2) 1 3) -1 4) 2
s s s CENTROID
solving  0,  0,  0
x y z 9. If the centroid of a triangle formed by (a,0,0),
15. Put x  X  1, y  Y  1, z  Z  2 (0,b,0), (0,0,c) is (4,2,3), then ascending order
in the given equation. of a, b, c is
1) a, c, d 2) b, c, a 3) a, b, c 4) b, a, c
10. If A,B,C are projections of P (5,-2,6) on
EXERCISE - II (H.W) coordinate axes then centriod of ABC is
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
 10 2   5 2  5 2   10 2 
POINTS IN A SPACE 1)  3 , 3 , 2  2)  3 , 3 , 2  3)  3 , 3 ,1 4)  3 , 3 ,1
       
1. If  Cos , Sin , 0  ,  cos  ,sin  , 0  , 11. A = (1,-2,3), B = (2,1,3), C = (4,2,1) and
G = (-1,3,5) is the centroid of the
 cos  ,sin  , 0  are vertices of a triangle then tetrahedron ABCD. If p = Dy and q = Dz
circum radius R is then13p-11q =
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) 2
2. The circumcentre of the triangle formed by the
points (1,2,3), (3,-1,5), (4,0,-3) is LOCUS
12. Locus of point for which the sum of squares of
7 1   7 1  distances from the coordinate axes is 10 units
1) (1,1,1) 2)  , ,1  3) (3,3,3) 4)  2 , 2 ,1 
2 2   
1) x 2  y 2  z 2  8 2) x 2  y 2  z 2  10
3. Let A (4,7,8), B (2,3,4) and C (2,5,7) be the
vertices of ABC . The length of the median 3) x 2  y 2  z 2  15 4) x 2  y 2  z 2  5
AD is 13. The equation of the set of points P, satisfying
the sum of whose distance from A(4,0,0),
1 77 89
1) 2 2) 3) 4) B=(-4,0,0) is equal to 10.
2 2 2 1) 9 x 2  25 y 2  25 z 2  225

PINEGROVE 181
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

2) 9 x 2  25 y 2  25 z 2  225  0 EXERCISE - III

3) 25 x 2  9 y 2  25 z 2  225 1. In the ABC if AB  2, AC  20 ,
4) 9 x 2  25 y 2  25 z 2  225 B = (3,2,0) and C = (0,1,4) then the length
of the median passing through A is
TRANSLATION OF AXES
3 9 3 3
14. The point to which the axes be should 1) 2) 3) 4)
translated to eliminate first degree terms in 2 2 2 2
the equation 2. If A = (-1,6,6), B = (-4,9,6),
x2  y2  z 2  2x  4 y  2z  3  0 1
G     5, 22, 22  and G is the centroid of
1) (1,2,-1) 2) (2,4,-2) 3) (3,2,1) 4) (2,6,3) 3
15. The transformed equation of the ABC , then the name of the triangle ABC
x 2  y 2  z 2  6 x  8 y  2 z  24  0 is
1) an isosceles triangle
when the axes are translated to the point 2) a right angled triangle
(3,4,-1) is 3) an equilateral triangle
1) 2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2  25 2) x 2  y 2  z 2  2 4) a right-angled isosceles triangle
3. The extremities of a diagonal of a
3) 2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2  25 4) x 2  y 2  z  50 rectangular parallelopiped whose faces are
EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY parallel to the reference planes are (-2,4,6)
and (3,16,13). The length of the base
1) 1 2) 4 3) 3 4) 2 5) 2 6) 2 diagonal is
7) 1 8) 3 9) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 4
1) 13 2) 13 3) 2 13 4) 169
13) 2 14) 1 15) 2
4. If the points A,B,C,D are collinear and C,D
EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS divide AB in the ratios 2:3, -2:3
1. Triangle is equilateral respectively, then the ratio in which A divides
2. Triangle is right angled CD is
1) 5:1 2) 2:3 3) 3:2 4) 1:5
11 25 5. If R divides the line segment joining P(2,3,4)
3. D=(2,4, ); AD  4  9 
2 4 and Q (4,5,6) in the ratio -3:2 ,then the
4. 2 2 2, value of the parameter which represents R is
AB  BC  AC AB  BC
5. BD:DC=AB:AC=5:3 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) -1
6. Mid point of PQ=Mid point of AB 6. In a ABC the mid points of the sides
7. BC  a , CA  b, AB  c  AI : ID  (b  c ) : a AB,BC,CA are respectively (l,0,0), (0,m,0)
x  x1 AB 2  BC 2  CA2
( P; QR )  and (0,0,n). Then 
8. x2  x l 2  m2  n2
1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 16
a b c 7. A(0,2,3), B(2, 1,5), C(3,0, 3) are vertices of
9. G   , ,   (4, 2,3)
 3 3 3 ABC. If a,b,c are HG, GS, SH then their
10. A  (5, 0, 0), B  (0, 2, 0), C  (0, 0, 6) increasing order is (H,G, S are orthocentre,
11. D  4G  ( A  B  C ) centroid and circumcentre)
1) a, b, c 2) c, b, a 3) b, a, c 4) b, c, a
12. ( y 2  z 2 )  ( z 2  x 2 )  ( x 2  y 2 )  10 8. The x, y, z coordinates of each vertex of a
13. PA  PB  10 ;expand triangle are in A.P. The x and y coordinates of
s the centroid of the triangle are 1 and 3
14.  0  2x  2  0 respectively. The distance of the centroid from
x the origin is
s s 1) 2 2) 35 3) 32 4) 5
 0  2y  4  0 =  0  2z  2  0
y z
15. x= X+3 , y=Y+4, z=Z-1

182 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

9. The extremities of a diagonal of a 15. If origin is the orthocentre of a triangle formed

rectangular parallelopiped whose sides bythe points
parallel to axes are (2,3,5) and (5,7,10) if the (cos  ,sin  , 0), (cos  ,sin  , 0) ,
corresponding projections over the axes are
A,B,C then  cos  ,sin  , 0  then  cos  2       
1) A  B  C 2) A  B  C 1)0 2)1 3) 2 4) 3
3) A  C  B 4) A  C  B EXERCISE-III - KEY
10. A triangle ABC is placed so that the 1) 3 2) 4 3) 1 4) 4 5) 1 6) 3 7) 3
mid-points of the sides are on the x,y,z axes. 8) 2 9) 2 10) 4 11) 3 12) 2 13) 1 14) 3 15) 4
Lengths of the intercepts made by the plane EXERCISE-III - HINTS
containing the triangle on these axes are
1. D = BC mid point.
respectively      .Coordinates of the
AB 2  AC 2  2  AD 2  DC 2 
centroid of the triangle ABC are
1)   / 3,  / 3,  / 3 2)  / 3,   / 3,  / 3 2. C = 3G-A-B, AB  18,

3)  / 3,  / 3,  / 3 4)  / 3,  / 3,  / 3 BC  36, AC  18
3. AC = Base diagonal, where A = (-2,4,6) and
11. The equation of motion of a point in space is C = (3,16,6)
x  2t , y  4t , z  4t , where ‘t’ is measured in 4. m : n  2 : 3, A divides CD in the ratio
hours and the coordinates of moving point in nm:nm
kilometers. The distance of the point from the
5. Rx  x1  t ( x2  x1 )
starting point O (0,0,0) at the end of 10hours
is 6. AB 2  4(m 2  n 2 ) , BC 2  4(l 2  n 2 )
1) 20km 2) 40km 3)60km 4) 55km AC 2  4(l 2  m 2 )
12. The distance of point A  2,3,1 from the line 7. A  90
PQ through P  3,5, 2  , which make equal 8.  x  3, y  9, z  3k and
angles with the axes is
 z  2 y  x  15
1) 2 / 3 2) 14 / 3 3) 16 / 3 4) 5 / 3
9. A  x2  x1 , B  y 2  y 1 , C  z 2  z1
13. In a three dimensional co- ordinate system
10. Centroid of triangle ABC  Centroid of triangle
P,Q and R are images of a point A  a, b, c  in DEF
the xy, the yz and zx planes, respectively. If G 11. OP  4t  16t 2  16t 2
2
is the centroid of triangle PQR then area of
triangle AOG is (O is the origin) 12. Here      Since
1) 0 2) a 2  b 2  c 2 cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1 , cos   1/ 3
2 2  1 1 1 
3)
3
 a  b2  c2  4) 2  a 2  b 2  c 2  DC’s of PQ are 
 3
,
3
, 
3
A (2, 3, 1)
14.  ,  ,  are the roots of x 3  2 x 2  x  2  0 .
Centroid of triangle with vertices
(  ,  ,  ), (  ,  ,  ), ( ,  ,  ) is
 2 2 2  2 1 2
1)   , ,   2)   , , 
 3 3 3  3 3 3 Q
P (3, 5, 2) M

2 2 2 4 2 2 PM = Projection of AP on PQ
3)  , ,  4)  , , 
3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 2
  2  3  3  5  1  2  
3 3 3 3
PINEGROVE 183
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

2 2 2
2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
AP   2  3   3  5  1  2   6 explanation of A
3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true
2 2 4 14
AM   AP    PM   6 
4. If A  cos  ,sin  , 0  , B  cos  ,sin  , 0 
3 3
13. Point A is  a, b, c   points P,Q,R are C  cos  ,sin  ,0  are vertices of ABC and
 a, b, c  ,  a, b, c  and  a, b, c  let cos   cos   cos   3a,
respectively sin   sin   sin   3b, then correct
a b c matching of the following is:
 Centroid of triangle PQR is  3 , 3 , 3  LIST-1 LIST-II
 
a b c A. Circumcentre 1 .
G  , ,  (3a,3b,0)
 3 3 3
B. Centroid 2. (0,0,0)
14. s1        2 ; 15. Triangle is equilateral
C. Ortho centre 3. (a,b,0)
EXERCISE - IV 4. (2a,2b,0)
A B C A B C
1. Assertion (A): 1) 2 3 4 2) 2 3 1
P  3,5, 4  , Q  5, 7,5 , R  6,5,7  are vertices of 3) 1 2 3 4) 2 3 4
a triangle whose orthocentre is  5, 7,5 5. Assertion (A) : If  3,5, 2  and  6, 2,5 are
Reason ( R): In a right angled triangle right respectively the orthocentre and circumcentre
angled vertex is orthocentre:
of a triangle, then  3,3, 4  will be its
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A centroid.
2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct Reason (R) : Centroid of a triangle divides
explanation of A the line segment joining orthocentre and
3) A is true but R is false circumcentre in 2 : 1 ratio
4) A is false but R is true 1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
2. Assertion(A):The points A(2,9,12) , explanation of A
B (1,8,8) , C ( 2,11,8) D (  1,12,12) are the 2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
vertices of a rhombus explanation of A
Reason(R): 3) A is true but R is false
AB  BC  CD  DA and
4) A is false but R is true
AC  BD then ABCD is a rhombus.
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A EXERCISE - IV KEY
2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct 1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1
explanation of A
3) A is true but R is false
4) A is false but R is true EXERCISE - IV - HINTS
3. Assertion(A): A and B are given points in a 1. Given points form a right angle triangle
[Link] locus of P such that APB 900 is 2. Find AB, BC, CD,DA and AC&BD
a sphere with AB as diameter. 3. AP 2  PB 2  AB 2
Reason (R) : The angle in a semisphere is a 4. Use centroid, orthocentre, circumcentre
right angle properties
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
5. G divides OS in the ratio 2 :1
explanation of A

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

6. Image of the point P with position vector

EXERCISE - VI 7iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ in the line whose vector equation is
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 
 
r  9iˆ  5ˆj  5kˆ   ˆi  3jˆ  5kˆ has the position
1. If the three points with position vectors (1,a,b), vector.
(a,2,b) and (a,b,3) are collinear in space, then
the value of a+ b is (A)  9, 5, 2  (B)  9,5, 2 
(A)3 (B) 4 (C)5 (D) none (C)  9, 5, 2  (D) none
2. Consider the three points P, Q, R whose 7. 
The intercept made by the plane r.n  q on
coordinates are respectively (2, 5, –4),
the x-axis is
(1, 4, –3), (4, 7, –6) then the ratio in which the
q î.n q
(C) î.n q (D) n
point Q divides PR.
(A)1 : 3 (B)1 : 2 (C)–1 : 3 (D)–1 : 2
(A)
î.n
(B)
q
 
   
3. Let r  a    and r  b  m be two lines in
8. ABC is any triangle and O is any point in the
plane of the triangle. AO, BO, CO meet the
space where sides BC, CA, AB in D, E, F respectively. Find
 
â  5iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ , b  ˆi  7ˆj  8kˆ ,   4iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and OD OE OF
  .
 AD BE CF
m  2iˆ  5ˆj  7kˆ then the p.v. of a point which
(A)1 (B)2 (C)–1 (D)–2
lies on both of these lines is 9. If from the point P(f,g,h) perpendicular PL, PM
ˆ ˆ
(A) i  2 j  k ˆ ˆ ˆ
(B) 2i  j  k ˆ be drawn to YZ and ZX planes then the
equation of the plane OLM is
(C) ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ (D) non existent s the lines are skew x y z x y z
(A)   0 (B)   0
4. L1 and L 2 are two lines whose vector equations f g h f g h
are x y z x y z
 (C)  0 (D)    0
   2 sin  ˆj   cos   3  kˆ 
L1 : r    cos   3 ˆi  f g h f g h
10. If the distance from point P(1,1,1) to the line

 
L 2 : r   aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ , Where,  and  are passing through the points Q(0, 6, 8) and

scalars and  is the acute angle between L1 p

R (-1, 4, 7) is expressed in the form
where
q
and L 2 . If the angle  is independent of 
p and q are coprime, then the value
then the value of  is
 p  q  p  q  1
    equals
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
6 4 3 2 (A)4950 (B) 5050 (C)5150 (D) none
5. If three lines 11. Consider the following 3 lines in space

L1 : x  y  z L2 : x 
y z
 
L1 : r  3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ   2iˆ  4ˆj  kˆ 
2 3 
L : r  ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ    4iˆ  2ˆj  4kˆ 
2
x 1 y 1 z 1
L3 :   form a triangle of 
a b c L : r  3iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ  t  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ 
3

area 6 [Link], then for the point of Then which one of the following pair(s) are in
the same plane.
intersection  a,  ,   of L2 and L3 ,  =
(A)only L1L2 (B) only L2L3
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C)6 (D) 8 (C)only L3L1 (D) L1L2 and L2L3

PINEGROVE 185
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

12. Position vectors of the four angular points of a (A) QB12  RC12 (B) QA12  RC12
tetrahedron ABCD are A  3, 2,1 ; B  3,1,5  ;
(C) QC12  RC12 (D) None
C  4, 0, 3  and D 1, 0, 0  . Then the acute angle 17. Let  ,  ,  and
1 2 3 4 be the areas of the
between the plane faces ADC and ABC is trianglular faces of tetrahedron and
1  5  1  2  h1 , h2 , h3 , &h4 be the corresponding altitudes
(A) tan   (B) cos  
2 5 of the tetrahedron, then the minimum value of
1  5  1  3 
(C) cosec   (D) cot      i hJ  = Given volume of the
2 2 1.i  J  4
13. If a plane passing through the point (1,2,3) tetrahedron is 5cubic units.
cuts+ve directions of co-ordinate axes in A, (A) 240 (B) 225 (C) 160 (D) 180
B&C, then the minumum volume of the 18. A line is drawn from the point P(1,1,1)
tetrahedron formed by origin and A,B,C in and Perpendicular to a line with direction
cubic units. ratios (1,1,1) to intersect the plane
9 x  2y  3z  4 at Q. The locus of point
a) b) 9 c) 18 d) 27
2 Q is
14. A, B,C, D are 4 coplanar points and A;[Link]’ x y5 z 2 x y 5 z  2
are their projections on any plane. If  is the A)   B)  
angle between plane of ABCD and plane of 1 2 1 2 1 1
projections then x y z
C) x  y  z D)  
Volume of tetrahedron AB ' C ' D ' 2 3 5
 19. Three positive real numbers x,y,z satisfy
Volume of tetrahedron A ' BCD
(A) 1 (B) 2 the equations x 2  3xy  y 2  25, y 2  z 2  9
(C) 2 cos  (D) cos  and x 2  xz  z 2  16 . Then the value of
15. Let a point R lies on the plane xy z30
xy  2yz  3xz is
and P be the point 1, 1, 1. A point Q lies on A) 18 B) 24 C) 30 D) 36
20. Three straight lines mutually perpendicular to
PR such that PQ  PR  k   0  then the
2 2
each other meet in a point P and one of them
equation of locus of Q is intersects the x- axis and another intersects
  the y- axis, while the third line passes through
 x12  y12  z12 1 4  k a fixed point (0,0,c) on the Z- axis. Then the
A)    2
  xyz1  locus of P is
A) x 2  y 2  z 2  2cx  0
2 
 
 4  k
B)  x1  y1  z1  1
2 2
2 B) x 2  y 2  z 2  2cy  0
  xy  z 1 
C) x 2  y 2  z 2  2cz  0
 4  D) x 2  y 2  z 2  2c  x  y  z   0
C)  x 1  y 1  z 1  1  k
2 2 2

  x  y  z 1 
2
21. Perpendiculars are drawn from the points on
x  2 y 1 z
 xy z1
2
1 1 1 the line   to the plane
D)    k 2  1 3
 x1  y 1  z1
2 2 2
4
x  y  z  3 . The feet of perpendiculars lie on
16. Let OABC be tetrahedron, Let the mid points the line
of edges OA & OB and OC be x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
A1 , B1 , C1 respectively while those of edges AB, A)   B)  
5 8 13 2 3 5
BC and AC be R, P and Q [Link] OA
is x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
C)   D)  
4 3 7 2 7 5
186 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

22. Consider the lines
26. Let PM be the perpendicular from the point
x 1 y z  3 x4 y 3 z 3 P(1, 2, 3) to XY plane. If OP makes an angle q
L1 :   , L2 :  
2 1 1 1 1 2 with the positive direction of the z-axis and OM
and the planes makes an angle f with the positive direction of
P1 :7 x  y  2 z  3, P2 :3x  5 y  6 z  4. Let x-axis, where O is the origin then (q and f are
acute angles)
ax  by  cz  d the equation of the plane 5 2
passing through the point of intersection of (A) tan   (B) sin  sin  
3 14
lines L1 and L2 and perpendicular to planes 1
(C) tan   2 (D) cos  cos  
P1 and P2 . 14
Match List -I with List - II and select the 27. If the direction ratios of a line are 1  ,1  , 2 ,
correct answer using the code given below the and it makes an angle 60° with the y-axis then
lists :  is
(A) 1  3 (B) 2  5 (C) 1  3 (D) 2  5
ListI ListII
28. The line x  2 y  z  3  0, x  3y  z  4  0 is
(P) a = (1) 13 parallel to
(Q) b = (2) -3 (A) XY plane (B)YZ plane (C) ZX plane(D)Z-axis
(R) c = (3) 1 29. A variable plane makes with the coordinate
planes, a tetrahedron of constant volume
(S) d = (4) 2
64k 3 . Then the locus of the centroid of
Codes : tetrahedron is the surface
P Q R S
(A) xyz  6k 3 (B) xy  yz  zx  6k 2
(A) 3 2 4 1
(B) 1 3 4 2 (C) x 2  y 2  z 2  8k 2
(C) 3 2 1 4
(D) 2 4 1 3 (D) x 2  y 2  z 2  8k 2
23. The shortest distance from the point (1,2,3) 30. The angle beetween the line x + 2y + 3z = 0 =
2 2 2
to x  y  z  xy  yz  zx  0 is 3x + 2y + z and the y-axis is
1
1 1 (A) sec–1 3 (B)2sec–1 3
A) B) 1 C) 2 D) 2
2 2 1  2 
24. A rigid body rotates about an axis through the (C) cos   (D) 2sec1 (4)
 6
origin with an angular velocity 10 3 radians/ 31. If p1, p2, p3 denote the perpendicular distances
 points in the direction of ˆ ˆ ˆ then
s if 
of the plane 2x – 3y + 4z + 2 = 0 from the
i  j k parallel planes,
the equation to the locus of the points having 2x  3y  4z  6  0, 4x  6y  8z  3  0
tangential speed 20 m/sec. is and 2x  3y  4z  6  0 respectively, then
(A) x 2  y 2  z 2  xy  yz  zx  1  0 (A) p  8p  p  0 (B) p  16p
1 2 3 3 2

(B) x 2  y 2  z 2  2xy  2yz  2zx  1  0 (C) 8p 2  p1 (D) p1  2p 2  3p3  29.

2 2 2
(C) x  y  z  xy  yz  zx  2  0 32. The line whose vector equations are

(D) x 2  y 2  z 2  2xy  2yz  2zx  2  0 
r  2iˆ  3jˆ  7kˆ   2iˆ  pjˆ  5kˆ and 
25. A point Q at a distance 3 from the point 
P(1, 1, 1) lying on the line joining the points 
r  ˆi  2 ˆj  3kˆ   3iˆ  pjˆ  pkˆ 
A(0, –1, 3) and P has the coordinates are perpendicular for all values of  and  if
(A) (2, 3, –1) (B)(4, 7, –5) p is equal to
(C)(0, –1, 3) (D)(–2, –5, 7) (A) -1 (B)2 (C) 5 (D)6
PINEGROVE 187
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

x  2 y 1 38. A line l passing through the origin is

33. Consider the lines  , z  2 and
3 2 perpendicular to the line
x  1 2y  3 z  5
  l1 : 3  t  iˆ   1  2t  ˆj   4  2t  kˆ ,   t  
is
1 3 2
(A) Angle between two lines 90° l2 : 3  2s  iˆ   3  2s  ˆj   2  s  kˆ ,   s  
 3  Then the coordinate (s) of the point (s) on l2 at
(B)the second line passes through 1,  2 , 5 
 
a distance of 17 from the point of intersection
(C)Angle between two lines 45°
(D)Angle between two lines is 30° of l and l1 is  are 
34. The equation of the bisector planes of an angle
between the planes 2x-3y+6z+8=0 and 7 7 5
A)  , ,  B)  1,  1, 0 
x-2y+2z+5=0  3 3 3
(A)x + 5y + 4z -11=0 (B)x-5y-4z+11=0
7 7 8
(C)13x – 23y+32z+59=0 (D) x  5y  4z  11  0 C) 1, 1, 1  D)  , , 
  9 9 3
35. Let A be vector parallel to line of intersection
39. Consider the planes, 2x + 5y + 3z = 0
of planes P1 and P2. Plane P1 is parallel to the
x – y + 4z = 2 and 7y – 5z + 4 =0
vectors 2 ˆj  3kˆ and 4 ˆj  3kˆ and that P 2 is (A)Planes will meet at a point
parallel to ˆj  kˆ and 3iˆ  3ˆj , then the angle (B)Planes will meet on a line
 (C)The distance from (1, 1, 1) to one of the
between vector A and a given vector
2
2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ is planes to
3
   3 (D)Planes are equidistant from origin
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 6 4 40. A plane passes through a fixed point
36. Consider the lines x = y = z and the line (a, b, c) and cuts the axes in A, B, C. The locus
2x + y + z –1 = 0 = 3x + y + 2z – 2 is of a point equidistant from origin, A, B and C
1 must be
(A)The shortest distance between the two lines is a b c
2
(A) ayz  bzx  cxy  2xyz (B) x  y  z  1
(B)The shortest distance between the two lines is 2
(C) plane containing 2nd line parallel to 1st line is a b c a b c
y  z 1  0 (C) x  y  z  2 (D) x  y  z  3
3 y z
(D)The shortest distance between the two lines
2 41. Two lines L 1 : x  5 , 3     2 and
37. Two systems of rectangular axes have the
same origin. If plane cut the intercepts a, b, c y z
on co-ordinate axes for 1st system and L2 : x   ,  are coplanar. Then  can
1 2  
intercepts a', b', c' on 2nd system then pick take value (s)
the correct alternatives
1 1 1 1 1 1 A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
(A) 2  2  2  2  2  2  0
a b c a' b' c'
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1 1 1 1 1 1
(B) 2  2  2  2  2  2  0 PASSAGE - I
a b c a' b' c'
Suppose direction cosines of two lines are
1 1 1 1 1 1 given by ul + vm + wn = 0 and al2 + bn2 + cn2 =
(C) 2  2  2  2  2  2  0
a b c a' b' c' 0, where u, v, w, a, b, c are arbitrary constants
1 1 1 1 1 1 and l, m, n are direction cosines of the lines.
(D) 2  2  2  2  2  2  0 On the basis of above information, answer the
a b c a' b' c'
following questions:

188 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

42. For u = v = w = 1, both lines satisfies the relation 48. The position vector of the image of the point

n
2
n a in the plane r.nˆ =d must be (d  0)
     
(A)  b  c     2b     a  b   0 (A) -a .nˆ (B) a -2 ( d - a . nˆ ) nˆ
l l    
2
(C) a + 2 ( d -a .nˆ ) nˆ (D) a+d(-a.n) ˆ
 l   l  PASSAGE - III
(B)  c  a     2c     b  c   0
m m Let the planes P1 : 2x–y + z = 2 and P2 : x+2y–
2
z = 3 are given. On the basis of the above
m m information, answer the following questions
(C)  a  b     2a     c  a   0
n n 49. The equation of the plane through the
(D)All of these intersection of P1 and P2 and the point
(3, 2, 1) is
n1n 2  a  b  (A)3x – y + 2z – 9 = 0
43. For u = v = w = 1, if   , then
l1l2  b  c  (B)x – 3y + 2z + 1 = 0
(C)2x – 3y + z – 1 = 0
m1m 2  b  c  m1m 2  c  a  (D)4x – 3y + 2z – 8 = 0
(A) l l  c  a (B) l l  b  c
12   12   50. Equation of the plane which passes through the
point (–1, 3, 2) and is perpendicular to each of
m1m 2  a  b  m1m 2  c  a  the planes P1 and P2 is
(C) l l  c  a (D) l l  a  b
12   12   (A)x + 3y – 5z + 2 = 0
44. For u = v = w = 1 and if lines are perpendicular, (B)x + 3y + 5z – 18 = 0
then (C)x – 3y – 5z + 20 = 0
(A)a + b + c = 0 (D)x – 3y + 5 z = 0
(B)ab + bc + ca = 0 51. The equation of the acute angle bisector of
(C)ab + bc + ca = 3abc planes P1 and P2 is
(D)ab + bc + ca = abc (A)x – 3y + 2z + 1 = 0
45. The given lines will be parallel if (B)3x + y – 5 = 0
(C)x + 3y – 2z + 1 = 0
2 a2 (D)3x + z + 7 = 0
(A)  u  b  c   0 (B)   0
u 52. The equation of the bisector of angle of the
planes P1 and P2 which is not containing origin,
u 2
 b  c
is
(C)  0 (D)  0
a u2 (A)x – 3y + 2z + 1 = 0
PASSAGE - II (B)x + 3y = 5
The vector equation of a plane is a relation (C)x + 3y + 2z + 2 = 0
satisfied by position vectors of all the points (D)3x + y = 5
on the plane. If P is a plane and n̂ is a unit 53. The image of plane P in the plane mirror P2 is
vector through origin which is perpendicular (A)x + 7y – 4z + 5 = 0 (B)3x + 4y – 5z + 9 = 0
to the plane P then vector equation of the plane (C)7x – y + 4z – 9 = 0 (D)None of the above

must be r .nˆ =d where d represents PASSAGE - IV
perpendicular distance of plane P from origin. If , ,  are angles made by a line from x, y, z

46. If A is a point vector a then perpendicular axis respectively, then cos , cos , cos  aree
distance of A from the plane r.nˆ =d must be known as direction cosines of a line and

(A) |d+ a.nˆ | 
(B)|d- a.nˆ | represented by l , m, n respectively. Direction
  ratio are quantities which are directly
(C) a  d (D) | d  a | proportional to direction cosines. If

47. If b be the foot of perpendicular from A to the x  1 y  1 z  1
    and
plane r.nˆ =d then b must be l1 m1 n1
   
(A) a + ( d -a .nˆ ) nˆ (B) a - ( d - a . nˆ ) nˆ x   2 y  2 z   2
 
(C) a + a .nˆ (D) a  a.n

ˆ l2 m2 n 2 are two lines, then

PINEGROVE 189
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

angle between them is given by PASSAGE - VI

cos   l1l2  m1m 2  n1n 2 and shortest distance A variable point P (  ,  ,  ) moves on a fixed
between two lines exists along a line which is x y z
plane    1 .Then plane through P and
normal to both of them.  l1 , m1 , n1  ,  l2 , m 2 , n 2  a b c
are direction cosines of the two straight line. perpendicular to OP meets the coordinate axes
54. Minimum distance between lines in A,B, [Link] the planes through. A,B,C
x y z x 1 y  2 z  4
respectively parallel to
  and   is co- ordinate planes YOZ, XOZ, meet in point
1 2 3 2 3 4 Q then
1 5 7 9 60. A=
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 6 6 6  
d
55. If P and Q are points of intersection of line (A)  , 0, 0  (B)  , 0, 0 
    
y
1  x   z with x-axis and plane x + 2z = 0,
2 2  2  2 
then area of triangle OPQ (O is origin) is (C)  , 0, 0  (D) None
  
3 5 61. If the surface generated by Q passes through
(A) (B)2 (C) (D) 2 2
2 2 1 1 1
56. Values of ‘a’ for which lines whose dc’s are (1,1,1), then   
a b c
connected by the relations l  am  n  0
(A) 1 (B) 2
 a  R  and 2l 2  m 2  n 2  0 are parallel, (C) 3 (D) None of these
is / are PASSAGE-VII
1 From any point P (a, b, c) perpendiculars
(A)  (B)  2 (C)2, 3 (D) 1 PM&PN drawn to zx and xy-plane
2
[Link]  ,  ,  be the angles which
PASSAGE-V
OP makes with coordinate planes and  be
If the three plane x=y sin   z sin  , y=z sin   x
the angle which OP makes with the plane OMN
sin  ,z=x sin   y sin  , intersect in a line, must be
  
then where  ,    0,  62. Equation of plane OMN must be
 2
x y z x y z
57.  ,  & satisfy (A)    0 (B)    0
a b c a b c
(A) sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   1
x y z
2 2 2 (C)    0 (D) None
(B) sin   sin   sin   a b c
2 sin  sin  sin  1 63. Sin  must be equal to

(C) cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1 abc

(A)
(D) sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   1 a 2  b 2 c 2 a 2b 2  b 2 c 2  c a a 2
58.       ab  bc  ca abc
(B)2 2 2 (C) 2 (D) None
(A) 900 (B) 1200 (C) 1500 (D) 1800 a b c a  b2  c2
59. Equation of their common line is 64. Cosec2  =
x y z x y z (A) cot 2   cot 2   cot 2 
(A)   (B)  
sin  sin  sin cos  cos  cos (B) cos ec 2  cos ec 2   cos ec 2
x y z (C) cos ec  +cosec  +cos ec 
(C)   (D) None
tan  tan  tan (D) None

190 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

PARAGRAPH - VIII PARAGRAPH - X

Consider the lines represented parametrically The line of greatest slope on an inclined plane
ass P1 is the line in the plane P1 which is
L1 x  1 2t , y  t , z   1  t perpendicular to the line of intersection of the
L2 x  4  S , y  5  4 S , z  2  S plane P1 and a horizontal plane P2 .
70. Assumign the plane 4x  3 y  7 z  0 to be
Let  be the plane containing the line L2 and horizontal, the direction cosine of the line of
parallel to line L1 greatest slope in the plane 2x  y  5z  0 are
65. The acute angle between the lines L1 and L2 3 1 1 3 1 1
A) , , B) , ,
is 11 11 11 11 11 11

1  1 
 1  3 1 1
A) cos   B) cos 
1 C) , , D) None of these

 6 3 
11 11 11
18
71. The coordinates of a point on the plane
 1   1  2x  y  5z  0, 2 11 units away from the line of
C) cos  D) cos 
1 1
 
3 2   3 6  intersection of
66. The equation of plane  is 2x  y  5y  0 and 4 x  3 y  7 z  0 are
A) 5 x  y  9 z  7  0 A)  6, 2,  2  B)  3, 1,  1
B) 9 x  5 y  z 13  0 C)  6,  2, 2  D) 1,3,  1
C) 2 x  3 y  4 z 15  0 PARAGRAPH - XI
D) 5 x  y  9 z  3  0 In three dimensions there may be more than
one point, which are equidistant from three
67. The distance between the plane  and the
given non-colliner points A,B,C. One of these
line L1 is points will be circumcentre of the triangle
17 3 1 11 ABC
A) B) C) D) 72. The circumcentre of the triangle ABC where
19 87 107 107 A,B,C are (a,0,0), (0,b,0) and (0,0,c) will lie in
PARAGRAPH - IX the plane
Let A denote the plane consisting of all points
x y z x y z
that are equdistant from the points P 4, 2,1 A)    1
a b c
B)    2
a b c
and Q 2,  4,3 and B be the plane, x y z
C)    3 D) none of these
x  y  cz 1 where c  R a b c
73. y coordinate of the circumcentre of triangle
68. If the angle between the planes A and B is 450
ABC must be
then the product of all possible values of c is
ac a 2c2  b4
24 A) B) 3 3 3
A) 17 B) 2 C) 17 D) abc a b c
17
69. If the line L with equation  b 2c2  a 2 b 2  a 2c2  b3  a 2  c 2 
x  2 y 1 z  5 C)  2 2 2 2  D)
  intersects the plane A at  a b  b 2 2
c  c a  2  b 2c 2  a 2c 2  a 2 b 2 
1 3 1 74. The y coordinate of orthocentre of the triangle
the point M , ,   , then coordinate of M is ABC
 8 11 41  8 11 41  3a 2 c 2  a 2 b 2  b 2 c 2  ab  b 2  ac
A)  , ,  B)  ,  ,  A)  2 2 2 2 2 2  B)
7 7 7 7 7 7  a b b c c a  abc
 8 11 41 2  a 2c2  b 
 ,  ,  a 2 bc 2
7 7 
C)  7 D) None of these C) b  D)
a 3  b3  c3 b 2c2  c2a 2  a 2 b2

PINEGROVE 191
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS x 2 y z7

(A) Statement -1 is true, statement -2 is true,   is 9.
4 1 1
statement -2 is a correct explanation for Statement 2 : Two lines are skew lines if there
statement-1 exists no plane passing through them.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true, 80. Statement 1 : The equation of the plane through
statement -2 is not correct explanation for the intersection of the planes
statement-1 x + y + z = 6 and 2x + 3y + 4z + 5 = 0 and the
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false point (4, 4, 4) is 29x + 23y + 17z = 276.
(D) Statement -1 is false, statement-2 is true Statement 2 : Equation of the plane through
  
75. Statement - 1: If a , b and c are three non- the line of intersection of the planes
coplaner vectors, then the length of projection P1 = 0 and P2 = 0 is P1   P2  0
  
of vector a in the plane of vectors b and c 81. Consider the planes
   P1 : x  y  z  1 ; P2 : x  y  z  1 and
may be

|a× b× c |
 

P3 : x  3y  3z  2
|b× c|
Let L1 , L 2 , L3 be the lines of intersection of
Statement - 2: n̂ = unit vector normal to plane
  the planes P2 and P3, P3 and P1, P1 and P2
  b c respectively.
b and c is   & projection of a in the Statement 1 : At least two of the lines L1, L2
|b c |
   and L3 are non-parallel.
  |a × (b × c )| Statement II : The three planes do not have a
plane of b and c is  
|b × c| common point. [IIT-2008]
 MATRIX-MATCHING QUESTIONS
76. Statement-1: If r  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ, then equation
This section contains 1 questions. Each

 ˆ ˆ 
ˆ ˆ ˆ
r  2i  j  3k  3i  k represents a straight questions contain statements given in two
columns, which have to be matched. The
line
    statements in Column I are labeled A, B, C
Statement-2: If r  xi  yj  zk then equation and D while the statements in Column II are
 ˆ ˆ ˆ labelled p, q, r, s and t. Any given statement in
 
r  i  2 j  3k  2iˆ  ˆj represents a straight Column I can have correct matching with ONE
line OR MORE statement(s) in Column II. The
77. Statement 1 : Planes parallel to x-axis and appropriate bubbles corresponding to the
passing through the point (2, 1, 3) will not be answers to these questions have to be
at a fixed distance from the x-axis. darkened as illustrated in the following
because example. If the correct matches are A-p, s and
Statement 2 : Such planes will be tangential t, B-q and r, C-p and q, and D-s and t, then the
to a cylinder with its axis as x-axis. correct darkening of bubbles will look like the
78. Statement 1 : The equation following :
2x 2  6y 2  4z 2  18yz  2zx  xy  0 p q r s t
represents a pair of perpendicular planes. p q r s
A t
Statement 2 : A pair of planes given by
ax 2  by 2  cz 2  2fyz  2gzx  2hxy  0 are B p q r s t
perpendicular, if a + b + c = 0
79. Statement 1 : The shortest distance between C p q r s t
x 3 y6 z
the skew lines   and p q
4 3 2 D r s t

192 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

82. Match the statements/expressions given in 84. Match the statements/expressions given in
Column I with the values given in Column II Column I with the values given in Column II
Column I Column I
(A) A line is perpendicular to x + 2y + 2z = 0 and (A) L1 : x  1  t, y  t, z  2  5t
passes throgh (0, 1, 0). The perpendicular distance 
of this line from (0, 0, 0) is L 2 : r   2,1, 3    2, 2, 10 
(B) A plane passes through (1, –2, 1) and is x 1 y  3 z  2
perpendicularto two planes 2x – 2y + z = 0 and x – (B) L1 :  
y + 2z = 4. The distance of the plane from the point 2 2 1
(1, 2, 2) is x2 y6 z2
L2 :  
(C) The volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices 1 1 3
are A(3, 7, 4), B(5, –2, 3), C(–4, 5, 6) and (C) L1 : x  6t, y  1  9t, z  3t
D(1, 2, 3) is
(D) The perpendicular distance between L 2 : x  1  2s, y  4  3s, z  s
z x y 1 z  2
2x + 2y – z + 1 = 0 and x  y   2  0 is (D) L1 :  
2 1 2 3
Column II
x  3 y  2 z 1
(p) 2.82 L2 :  
(q) 1.00 4 3 2
(r) 0.74 Column II
(s) 15.33 (p) non coplanar lines
83. Match the statements/expressions given in (q)lines lie in a unique plane
Column I with the values given in Column II (r) infinite planes containing both the lines
Column I (s) lines are not intersecting.
 
(A) Let ˆ b  3iˆ  6ˆj  7kˆ , 85. P  0,3, 2  ;Q  3, 7, 1 and R 1, 3,1 are 3
a  2iˆ  3jˆ  5k,
 given points . Let L1 be the line passing
c  12iˆ  5jˆ . A vector in the plane of a and b whose
through P and Q and L2 be the line through R
 1 
projection on c is is and parallel to the vector V  ˆi  kˆ
13
Column-I
(B) Let a be a vector parallel to the line of (A) Perpendicular distance of P from L2
intersection of the planes 1 and 2 , through the (B) Shortest distance between L1and L2
origin. 1 is parallel to the vectors (C) Area of the triangle PQR
(D) Distance from (0,0,0) to the plane PQR
3iˆ  2ˆj and 3jˆ  4k. ˆ  is parallel
2 Column-II
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 
to  j  k and 5i  5j. Then A is (p) 7 3
(C) Point (a, b, c) lies on the plane, x + y + z = 2. (q)2
 ˆ ˆ ˆ   (r) 6
 
Let p  ai  bj  ck and ˆj  ˆj  p  0 and
19

ˆk  kˆ  p  0 Then p is
  (s)
147
(D)A unit vector coplanar with and perpendicular 86. Consider the following linear equations
to ˆi  ˆj  kˆ is ax  by  cz  0, bx  cy  az  0,
Column II cx  ay  bz  0 [IIT-JEE 2007]
(p) a null vector Column-I
ˆj kˆ (A) a  b  c  0 and
(q)  
2 2 a 2  b 2  c2  ab  bc  ca
1 ˆ (B) a  b  c  0 and a 2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ca

(r)  51i  123j  148k
3
ˆ  ˆ
(C) a  b  c  0 and a2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ca
(s) 15ˆi  5ˆj  20kˆ (D) a  b  c  0 and a2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ca

PINEGROVE 193
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

Column-II 91. A plane is parallel to two lines whose direction

(p) the equations represent planes meeting only at ratios are (1,0, -1) and (-1, 1, 0) and it contains
a single point the point (1,1,1). If it cuts coordinate axes at
(q) the equations represent the line x = y = z A, B, C. If V is the volume of the tetrahedron
(r) the equations represent identical planes OABC then 2V is [IIT-JEE 2004]
(s) the equations represent the whole of the three 92. If the controid of the tetrahedron OABC where
dimensional space. A,B,C are the points (a,2,3), (1, b, 2) and (2,1,c)
INTEGER QUESTIONS be (1,2,3) and the point (a,b,c) is at distance
The answer to each of the question is a single 5  from origin, then  2 must be equal to.
digit integer, ranging from 0 to 9. The 93. If the triangle ABC whose vertices are
appropriate bubbles below the respective A(-1,1,1), B(1,-1,1) and C(1,1,-1) is projected
question numbers in the ORS have to be on XY plane and the area of the projected
darkened. For example, if the correct answers m  m  1
to question numbers X,Y,Z and W (say) are triangle is m then find .
6,0,9 and 2, respectively, then the correct 2
darkening of bubbles will look like the 94. If the circumcentre of the triangle whose
following: vertices are (3,2,-5),(-3,8,-5) and (-3,2,1) is (-
1,  ,-3) the integer  must be equal to.
X Y Z W

0 0 0 0
95. The plane 2x  2y  z  3 is rotated about the
1 1 1 1
line where it cuts the xy plane by an acute angle
2 2 2 2
 . If the new position of the plane contains
3 3 3 3
the point  3,1,1 then the value of 9 cos  is
4 4 4 4
EXERCISE -VI - KEY
5 5 5 5
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
6 6 6 6 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (A)
7 7 7 7 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (D)
8 8 8 8
14. (A) 15) (A) 16. (A) 17 (D) 18 (A) 19. (B)
20. (C) 21) (D) 22.(A) 23. (C) 24. (C) 25. (A)
9 9 9 9
26. (A), (B), (C ) 27. (B),(D) 28. (C) 29.(A)
87. Find the shortest distance of plane parallel to 30.(A),(C) 31. (A),(B),(C),(D) 32. (A),(D)
z-axis and containing line 33. (A) 34. (B),(C) 35. (B),(D) 36. (A),(C)
37. (A) 38) (B),(D) 39. (A),(C) 40. (A),(C)
x  y  2z  3  0  2x  3y  4z  4 from
41) (A), (D) 42.(D) 43. (B) 44. (A) 45. (C)
z-axis.
46. (B) 47. (A) 48. (C) 49. (B) 50. (C) 51. (A)
88. The shortest distance between origin and a
52. (D) 53. (C) 54. (A) 55. (C) 56. (A) 57. (A)
point on the space curve x = 2 sin t, y = 2cos t,
58. (A) 59. (B) 60. (B) 61. (B) 62. (A) 63. (B)
z = 3t is.
64. (C) 65) (B) 66) (A) 67) (D) 68) (B) 69 (C)
89. Value of  such that the planes 70) (A) 71) (C) 72) (A) 73 (D) 74 (D) 75. (C)
x  y  z 1  0 , x  3y  2z  3  0, 76. (B) 77. (A) 78. (B) 79. (B) 80. (A) 81. (D)
3x  y  z  2  0 form a triangular prism MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS
must be. 82.(A) -(r);(B) -(p);(C) -(s);(D) -(q)
90. The equation of the plane containing the line 83.(A) -(r);(B) -(s);(C) -(p);(D) -(q)
2x – y + z – 3 =0, 3x + y + z = 5 and at a distance 84.(A) -(r);(B) -(q);(C) -(q,s);(D) -(p,s)
1 85.(A) -(r);(B) -(q);(C) -(p);(D) -(s)
of from the point (2,1,-1) is 86.(A) -(r);(B) -(q);(C) -(p);(D) -(s)
6
INTEGER QUESTIONS
62 x  29 y  19 z  k  0 . Then the sum of 87. 2 88. 2 89. 4 90. 9 91. 9 92. 9 93. 3
digits of K is [IIT-JEE 2005] 94. 4 95. 7

194 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

EXERCISE -VI - HINTS x1  11 y1  11 z1  8

SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS    
  1 3 5
1. AB  BC …(i)
 a  1 ˆi   2  a  ˆj   b  b  kˆ      x1    11, y1  3  11,5  8 
  as PI is perpendicular to given line.
 a  a  ˆi   b  2  ˆj   b  3 kˆ   x1  7  .1   y1  1 3   z1  2  5  0
 
 a  1  0; 2  a    b  2  ;   b  3   0     4  .1   3  12  .3   5  6  5  0
 a  1; b  3;   1  a  b  4 35  70  0    2  I  9,5, 2 
2. We can prove that collinearity of the points P, Q, R
by showing that PQ + PR = QR, so that the point P P(7,-1,2)
lies on (within) the segment of the line QR.
Alternatively, we may proceed as
[Link] that the points P, Q, R are x-9 y-5 z-5
collinear, let the point Q divide the line segment PR = 3 =
1 5
in the ratio m1 : m2. Then the coordinates of Q are I(x1 , y1 , z1 )
 4m1  2m 2 7m1  5m 2  6m1  4m 2 
 , , 
 m1  m 2 m1  m 2 m1  m 2  7.  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ  n ˆi  n ˆj  n kˆ   q
1 2 3
We can find the ratio m1 : m2 by equating any one
n1x  n 2 y  n 3z  q
of these coordinates to the given coordinates of Q.
Thus equating the x–coordinates, we get 4m1 + for X intercept put y  z  0
2m2 = m1 + m2 , whence m1 : m2 = – 1 : 3 q q
 x  
3  
r  5iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ   4iˆ  ˆj  kˆ n1 i.nˆ
 8. Take O as the origin.
  
r  ˆi  7ˆj  8kˆ   2iˆ  5jˆ  7kˆ    
Let a , b, c be the position vectors of the vertices

If we place r  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ A, B, C of the triangle.
it is satisfying both   
Since a , b, c are coplanar there must exist a
4 L1 and L 2 are two lines relation of the form
   
    
a cos 3 b 2sin c cos 3  xa  yb  zc  0 ,
cos (x, y, z  R , not all zero) . . . (i)
 
2 2 2
    
a2 b2 c2 cos 3  2sin  cos 3   yb  zc   xa


It is independent of  . a  c  0  a  c b  0  
yb  zc x 
  a
a   a   3 3  yz yz
cos       
2 2
a a a 8 2 2 6 yb  zc
y z
Now is a point on the line BC.
5. Let L2 : x      say    ,  ,      , 2 ,3  yz
z 3
A a
  6    2  ,  ,     2, 4, 6 
 x1  7 y1  1 z1  2  F E
6.  2 , 2 , 2  is lying on line
O
x1  7 y1  1 z1  2
9 5 5 B b D C c
2  2  5 
1 3 5 Equation of OA is r   ta

PINEGROVE 195
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

x  i j k
Thus  a is a point of AD.
ya  2 2 1  6i  3j  6k  3  2i  j  2k 
 x 
From (ii), OD  a 1 2 2
yz Plane ABC

OD | OD |  x   yz  ˆi ˆj kˆ
 AD      y  z     x  y  z 
| AD |      0 3 4  2iˆ  4ˆj  3kˆ
n2 
x 1 2 2

x yz
2  2   1 4    2  3 2
OE y OF z cos   
Similarly,  and  2 2 2
2 1  2 2  4  3 2 2 2
29
BE x  y  z CF x  y  z
5 5
OD OE OF x  y  z tan      tan 1  
Adding,    1 2 2
AD BE CF x  y  z
9. O(0,0,0); L(0,g,h); M(f,0,h) 13. Let A (  , , 0 ), B(0,b,0)&C(0,0,c) a,b,c>0
ˆi ˆj kˆ 1 2 3
  1
 a b c
n  f 0 h    gh  ˆi   fh  ˆj   fg  kˆ 3
 
0 g h abc  1 

Equation of plane 6 1 2 3
   
x y z a b c
x  gh   y  fh   z  fg   0     0
f g h
14. Let A=  x1 , y1 , z1 
x0 y 6 z 8
10 Equation of RQ is 0   1  6  4  8  7 B,  x2 , y2 , z2  ,C  x3 , y3 , z4  ,D  x4 , y4 , z4 
Let the plane of projection be xy-plane then
x y 6 z 8
    A ’  x1, y1,0 B ’  x2 , y2 ,0 C ’  x3 , y3 ,0 a n d
1 2 1
1    1  2  2  6  1  1.    8  1  0 D’  x4 , y4 , 0 
8 x1 y1 z1 1
6  16  0 ;   3 x y2 0 1
1
 8 2 16  V1= volume of AB’C’D’= x3 y3 0 1
M , ,  6
x4 y4 0 1
 3 3 3
2 2 2
and V2= volume A’BCD
 11   1   13  291 97 x1 y1 z1 1
PM =          
 3   3  3  9 3
x y2 0 1
 p  q  p  q 1   97  3 97  3 1  4950 1
x y3 0 1
2 2 6 3
11. Consider L & L x4 y4 0 1
1 2
x1 y1 z1 1
3  1 1  1 2  3
2 4 1  2 18   2 12   5  4  16   0 x y2 0 1
1
4 2 4 V1= volume of AB’C’D’= x3 y3 0 1
6
Lines are intersecting hence coplanar L 2 & L3 are x4 y4 0 1
parallel hence coplanar. and V2= volume A’BCD

  
12. Plane ADC n1  AD  AC

196 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

x1 y1 z1 1 2
x 2  z 2  2xz cos  16 and y2+z2=9
x y2 0 1 3
1 5
x y3 0 1 x y
6 3 150
x4 y4 0 1
120
15) Let Q be ,  ,   , then 4 z 3

PQ 2  1   1   1  r22

2 2 2
where
PQ  r2 Then PR  r1 l , m , n be the direction 20. Let p   x1 , y1 , z1  and Let A a,0,0 , B 0,b,0 be
cosines of the line PR , then R is point of intersection of the lines through P.
Given C=(0,0,c) be the fixed point through which
1  lr1 ,1  mr1 ,1  nr1  the 3rd line passes .
2 Now PA  PB , PA  PC , PB  PC
R lies on the plane so r1  l  m  n x1  x1  a   y1  y1  b   z12  0    (1)
Also, Q is 1 lr2 ,1  mr2 ,1 nr2  x1  x1  a   y12  z1  z1  c   0    (2)
 1  1  1 x12  y1  y1  b   z1  z1  c   0    (3)
  l,  m, n
r2 r2 r2 from (2),(3), ax1  by1
2r2
 r1  x12  y12  z12
     1 from (1) ax1 
2
Now, r12  r22  k Substituting in (2) we get x12  y12  z12  2cz1  0
  x  2 y 1 z
 r22 1  k
4   k
2
21. Let then
      1  2 1 3
Locus of Q is  2k  2,  k  1,  13k  is a point on the line
Let the foot of the perpendicular from this point on
 
 x 12  y 12  z 12  1 4  k the plane x  y  z  3  0 be  ,  , y  then it is
   2
  x  y  z 1  given by
16. OA  BC  2k 2   k1  3k  2k2  k1  3k 3 64k
   
 x1  x2  x3   y1  y2  y3   z1  z2  z3   0 1 1 1 3 3
2k 7k 5k
x y y   x1  x2 y1  y3 z1  z3  TThus,   ,   1  ,   2  then the
B1   2 , 2 ,  , Q , ,  3 3 3
 2 2 2   2 2 2  line is given by
1
QB12   x1  x3  x2 2  y1  y3  y2 2  z1  z3  z2 2  x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
4   i .e ,   .
1 2 2 2
2 / 3 7 / 3 5 / 3 2 7 5
RC12   x1  x2  x3   y1  y2  y3  z1  z2  z3   22) The normal to the plane is
4  
If QB12   RC1 
2 iˆ ˆj kˆ

7 1 2   16iˆ 48 ˆj  32kˆ  h  iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ
  x1  x2  x3   0 Which is true be
18. Locus of Q is the line of intersection of the plane 3 5 6
x  2y  3z  4 and The point of intersection of L1 and L2 is given by
1 x  1  1 y  1  1 z  1  0 then line is 2  1    4     3 1  3  2 So,  1
x y5 z 2  point of intersection is  5,  2,  1
 
1 2 1 The equation of desired plane is
5
19. Given x 2  y 2  2xy cos  25;  x  5  3  y  2   2  z 1  0  x  3 y  2 z 13
6

PINEGROVE 197
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

23. x2  y2  z2  xy  yz  zx  0 sin  sin  2

  and tan   sin   5
let x = y = z = r 1 r 1 1 r 2 1 r 3  0 sin  cos  1 cos  3
3r - 6=0 r = 2 5
The point on the line is (2,2,2)  tan   2 and tan  
3
Distance = 1  02  12  2 1 
27.  cos 60
 10 3  i  j  k     (1   )2  (1   ) 2  4
24.   v  r 
3  4(1   )2  2(1   2 )  4
ˆi ˆj kˆ 42 5
 10 x y z  10   y  z  ˆi   x  z  ˆj   x  y  kˆ  2  4 1  0    2 5
2
1 1 1
  2  5 or 2  5.
2 2
10  y  z    x  z    x  y    20
2 2 2 28. If l, m, n are the direction ratios of the line then l +
   m n
2 2
 x  y  z  xy  yz  2  0 2 2 m – n = 0, l + 3m – n = 0   
1 0 1
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS  line makes 90° with y-axis or is parallel to xz
plane  (C) is correct.
25. If Q is (,,  ) then (, ,  ), (1, 1, 1) and
29. Let the equation of the variable plane be
(0, –1, 3) are collinear.
 1  1  1
lx  my  nz  p
   . Also PQ = 3  Coordinates of the vertices of tetrahedron is
1  0 1  ( 1) 1  3
p p
 ( 1)2  ( 1)2  ( 1)2  9  0,0,0  ;  ,0,0  ;  0, ,0  and
Solve these equations for ,, . l  m 
26. Here, P be (x, y, z)
Then, x = r sin q cos f, y = r sin q sin f, z = r cos   p
 0,0,  . If  x1 , y1 , z1  be the centroid of
 1  r sin  cos , 2  r sin  sin , 3  r cos   n
….(i) tetrahedron, then
 12  22  32  r 2 sin 2  cos 2   r 2 p p p
x1  , y1  , z1 
sin 2  sin 2   r 2 cos 2  4l 4m 4n
 r 2 sin 2 (cos 2   sin 2 )  r 2 cos 2   r 2 p p p
  4 x,  4 y1 ,  4 z1
 r   14 l m n
Z Also, volume of tetrahedron  64k 3
P(1,2,3)
p
r 0 0
l

1 p
O 0 0  64 k 3
 i.e., 6 m
p
0 0
X n
1 4 x1 0 0
From Eq. (i), we have sin  cos    1
14  0 4 y1 0  64 k 3
2 3 6
sin  sin   ,cos   0 0 4 z1
14 14
(neglecting –ve sign assuming acute angles) 64 x1 y1 z1
  64k 3  x1 y1 z1  6k 3
6
198 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

 Locus of centroid is xyz  6k 3  54jˆ  54kˆ  .  2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ  1

30. If l, m, n are the direction ratios of line of cos    
intersection, then   2m  3n  0, 3  3m  n  0 54 2.3 2
 m m
 3
    or
1 2 2 4 4
Now y-axis has direction ratios 0, 1, 0 36. Any plane through the second line is 2x + y + z –1
2 4 1 + k (3x + y + 2z –2) = 0
 cos    cos 2  2   1  If this is parallel to the first line, then
6 6 3
2
1 1 ( 2  3k)  (1  k)  (1  2k)  0  k  
 sec 2  3    sec 3 3
2
2
4 1/ 2 1 8  Plane is 2 x  y  z  1  (3x  y  2 z  2 )  0
31. p1  , p2   ,p3  3
29 29 2 29 29
or y  z  1  0. The required SD must be distance
For these values all the choices are easily verified
of this plane from any point on the line x  y  z
32. The given lines are perpendicular for all values of
say (1, 1, 1)
 and  if the vectors
11 1
1
2iˆ  pjˆ  5kˆ and 3iˆ  pjˆ  pkˆ  SD 
2 2 2

are perpendicular. 0  1  (1) 2
37. In both systems the  distance of plane
 23  p  p  5 p  0
x y z x y z
 p 2  5p  6  0  p  1 or 6    1 or    1 from origin will
a b c a ' b' c'
33. The given lines can be written as be same
x  2 y 1 z  2
  ...(1)
3 2 0
1 1
3  

y 1 1 1 1 1 1 etc
and x 1
 2  z  5 . ..(2)    2 2
1 3/ 2 2 a 2 b 2 c2 2
a ' b' c'
Direction numbers of the two lines are respectively 38. The line is perpendicular to l and l . Hence the
l 1 2
 3  direction ratios of are given by the vector
 3,  2, 0  and  1, , 2  l
 2 
3 iˆ ˆj kˆ
Since 3  1  ( 2)   2  0  0 , the given lines are
1 2 2   2iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ
2
at right angles. 2 2 1
34. Equation of bisector planes are
2 x  3 y  6z  8 x  2 y  2z  5 Let P   2r ,  3r , 2r 

22  32  62 2 2
1   2  22 As it lies in l1 , we have
13x  23 y  32z  59  0 & x  5 y  4z  11  0 2r  3 3r  1 2r  4
 
35. Normal to plane P1 is 1 2 2

  
n1  2ˆj  3kˆ  4ˆj  3kˆ  18iˆ  Thus we have r  1 and P   2,  3, 2 
normal to plane P2 is A point on l2 is  3  2s, 3  2s, 2  s  then

   
n 2  ˆj  kˆ  3iˆ  3jˆ  3iˆ  3jˆ  3kˆ 2 2
 3  2s  2    3  2s  3   2  s  2 
2
 17
  

A is parallel to  (n1  n 2 )   54ˆj  54kˆ   9 s 2  28s  20  0 given s   2,  10 / 9

angle between A and 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ is

PINEGROVE 199
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

7 7 8 + (bw 2  cv 2 )  0 …(i)
Thus the points are  1, 1, 0  and  , , 
9 9 9 43. Put u  v  w  1 in equation (i) , then
2
2 5 3  l   l 
(a  c)    2c    (b  c)  0
39. Cofficient det = 1 1 4   46  25  21  0
m m
0 7 5
2
So the planes will meet on a line. m m
Similarly, (a  b)    2a    (c  a)  0
for option (c) the distance of the point (1, 1, 1) to n n
2 2
the plane x – y + 4z = 2 is
3 and (b  c)  n   2b  n   (a  b)  0 …(ii)
l l
40. Let A, B, C be (, 0, 0), (0, , 0) and (0, 0,  ) then
x y z n1 n 2  a  b 
the plane ABC is       1 . From Eq. (ii) . 
l1 l2 (b  c)
a b c l1l2 mm nn
Since it always passes through a, b, c       1 Similarly,  1 2  1 2 …(iii)
(b  c) (c  a) (a  b)
If p is (u,v,w) then OP 2  AP 2  BP 2  CP 2
m1m 2 (c  a)
 u 2  v2  w2  (u  )2  v2  w2  .....  
l1l2 (b  c)
u v w
 ,  ,   l1l2 mm nn
2 2 2 44. From Eq. (iii),  1 2  1 2
On putting , ,  in (1) we get (b  c) (c  a) (a  b)
a b c l1l2  m1m 2  n1n 2
  2  locus of (u, v, w) is 
u v w (b  c)  (c  a)  (a  b)
a b c (by law of proportion)
  2
x y z  Lines are perpendicular l1l2  m1m2  n1n 2  0
. Then, (b  c)  (c  a)  (a  b) must be zero
x5 y 0 z 0 x  y  0 z  0  2a  2b  2c  0
41)   and 0  1  2  
0 3  2  abc 0
are the given lines. Then line will be coplaner if 45. From Eq. (i),
2
5  0 0  l   l 
(aw 2  cu 2 )    2cuv    (bw 2  cv 2 )  0
0 3  2  0 m m
Since, the given lines are parallel, then DC’s are
0 1 2 
equal, then the roots of Eq. (i) are equal.
  5     3    2     2  0 using discriminant = 0
 (2cuv)2  4(aw 2  cu 2 )(bw 2  cv 2 )
  5     2  5  4   0
4c2u2v2  4(abw4  acv2w2  bcu2w2  c2u2v2 )
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
42. The DC’s of the liens are given by ul + vm + wn =  abw 2  acv 2  bcu 2  0
0 and Eliminating n between them, we get u 2 v2 w 2
2
or   0
2 2  (ul  vm)  a b c
al  bm  c   0
 w  u2
  a 0
 (aw2  cu2 )l 2  (bw2  cv2 )m2  2cuvlm  0   
46. Equation r  a  tnˆ is line passing through a and
 l 
2
 l  
 (aw 2  cu 2 )    2cuv   parallel to n̂ . This will meet the plane r .nˆ =d at
m
  m  
point for which ( a  tnˆ ).nˆ  d  t  d  a.nˆ
Required distance =
200 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

    3x  y  5  0
 a   d  a.nˆ  nˆ   a
 53. The image of plane P1 in the plane mirror P2 ,
 d  a.nˆ
47. Foot of the perpendicular from the point A to plane then 2  2.1   1 2  1 1  (x  2y  z  3)
  (1  4  1)(2x  y  z  2)
r .nˆ.  d
 
 a  ( d  a.nˆ ) nˆ  (x  2y  z  3)  3(2x  y  z  2)
 
48. Let b be position vector of image of a  7x  y  4z  9  0
  54. (A) Let l , m, n be the direction cosines of line of
b a   shortest distance.
  a   d  a.nˆ  nˆ
2 Then l  2m  3n  0, 2l  3m  4n  0 and
  
b  a  2  d  a.nˆ  nˆ l m n
   k Direction cosines are
49. The equation of any plane through the intersection 1 2 1
of P1 and P2 is P1  P2  0  1 2 1 
 , ,  Shortest distance =
 (2x  y  z  2)   x   y  z     .......(i)  6 6 6
Since it passes through (3, 2, 1), then (6 – 2 + 1 – 1  2  1 1
2) +  (3 + 4 – 1 – 3) = 0    1  1  2     4  
6  6 6 6
From Eq. (i) x  3y  2z  1  0 55. (C) P(1, 0, 0), O(0, 0, 0), Q(2, –2, –1)
which is the required plane.
50. The equation of any plane through (-1, 3, 2) is
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
a(x  1)  b(y  3)  c(z  2)  0 ....(ii) 1 1 1
x  0 0 1, y  1 0 1, z  1 0 1
If this plane (ii) is perpendicular to P1 , then 2 2 2
2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
2a  b  c  0 ....(ii)
2 2 2 2 5
and if the plane (ii) is perpendicular to P2 then   x  y  z 
2
a  2b  c  0 ....(iii) 56. (A)With help of two equations
2
a b c  l   l 
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get      2a    1  a  0
2
1 3 5 m m
Substituting these proportionate values of a, b, c in
Eq. (ii), we get the required equation as For parallel lines D = 0  4a 2  4 1  a 2   0
(x  1)  3(y  3)  5(z  2)  0 1
a
or x  3y  5z  20  0 . 2
51. The given planes can be written as x y z
2x  y  z  2  0 and  x  2y  z  3  0 57. Suppose the 3 plane intersect in line  
l m n
here, (2)( 1)  (1)( 2)  ( 1)(1)  1  0  l  m sin m  n sin f    0
Equation of bisectors l sin  m  n sin   0
(2x  y  z  2) ( x  2y  z  3) l sin   m sin   n  0

(4  1  1) 1 4 1
1 sin  sin 
 Acute angle bisector is
( 2x  y  z  2)  (  x  2y  z  3)  sin 1 sin 
 x  3y  2z  1  0 sin  sin  1
52. Equation of bisector which not containing the origin  sin2   sin2   sin2   2sin sin  sin  1
(2x  y  z  2) ( x  2y  z  3)
 58. sin 2   sin   2sin  sin    sin 2  sin 2   1  0
(4  1  1) (1  4  1)

 sin  sin sin  sin2  sin2   sin2   sin2 1 
PINEGROVE 201
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

  sin  sin   cos  cos abc


 a 2  b 2  c 2 a 2b 2  b 2 c 2  c 2 a 2
  cos          
2 64.  be the angle which OP makes with yz plane or
59. From 1 with x=0
l m n  sin   a.1  b.0  c.0
2
 
cos  sin sin  sin  sin sin  sin  sin 
a.1  b.0  c.0

a
l m n 12  0 2  0 2 a 2  b 2  c 2 a  b2  c2
2

  
cos  cos  cos  x 1 y z  1
65. Given lines L1 :  
PASSAGE - VI 2 1 1
a   x  4 y 5 z  2
60. Let P=  ,  ,       1 L2 :  
a  c 1 4 1
Dr’s of OP  ,  ,  1
 Equation of plane pasing through P and Angle  between the lines is given by cos  
6 3
perpendicular to OP is 66. Let the reqired plane  be
  x      y       z     0 4 x  y  11    x  z  2   0
2 2 2
 ax   y   z  a      is parallel to L1    9
2 2 2
     67. Distance of the plalne  from the line L1  the
 A , 0, 0 
   11
61. Equation of planes through A,B,C are distance form (1,0,-1) to the plane  
107
2  2  2 2  2  2  
x , 68. n1  3iˆ 3 ˆj  kˆ and n2  iˆ  ˆj  ckˆ
 
n1. n2 3 3 c
2  2  2
Now cos 45  n n 
0
and z  respectively 19 2  c 2
 1 2

1 1 1 1  2 6  c 19 2  c 2 
2

 x 2  y 2  z 2   2   2   2 (1)
2 36  c 2 12c  38 19c 2
  
 
1 1 1 17c 2  24c  34  0 Product of roots   2
and    a2 b2 c 2 (2)
ax by cz      69. x  k  2; y  3k 1 and z  k  5
1 1 1 1 1 1 They must satisfy then equation of plane A
    
From 1 and 2
ax by cz ax by cz 3 k  233k 1 k 5  2
PASSAGE - VII  8 11 41
Hence M is the point  ,  , 
6
62. M&N must be (a,0,c) and (a,b,c) [Link]  k 
equation of plane OMN can be easily found as 7 7 7 7
x y z 70. Plane P1 is of the from
  0
a b c r . n1  0, where n1   4,  3, 7 
63. Dr’s of OP=a,b,c ` Plane P2 is of the form r . n2  0, where n2   2, 1  5 
1 1 1 The vector b along the line of intersection of planes
Dr’s of normal to OMN = ,  
a b c is n1  n2   4,17 ,5   n3
1 1 1
a.  b.  c. Sicne the line of greatest slope is perpendicular
 sin   a b c
2 2 2 1 1 1 n3 and n2 the vector along the line of greatest slope
a b c  
a2 b2 c2

202 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

 n2  n3   3, 1,1  n4  iˆ  3 y  2 z   ˆj  3 x  z   kˆ  2 x  y 
 3 1 1   2iˆ  ˆj
and the unit vector nˆ 4   , , 
 11 11 11 
i.e., -3y-2z=2, 3x+z=-1, 2x-y=0
x y z These are intersecting in a line
71. The point on the line   at a distance 2 11
3 1 1 78. Here, a = 2, b = – 6,
x y z
units from the origin is given by 3

1

1
 2 11 c = 4, f = 9, g = 1,
11 11 11 \ abc+2fgh–af2–bg2–ch2
The point is  6,  2, 2 
1
72. The circumcentre will lie in the plane ABC whose   2  6  4   2  9 1  
2
x y z
equation is    1 1
2
a b c 2
  2  81  6 1  4    48  9  162  6  1
73. If (x,y,z) is the circumcentre, then 2
 196  0
2 2 2
 xa   y 2  z 2  x 2   yb   z 2  x 2  y 2   zc   Given equation cannot represent a pair of planes.
ax by = a2b2 and by cz =b2c2 79. (B)
by  a 2  b 2 by  c 2  b 2 Let l, m, n be the DC’s of the line of the common
x and z  perpendicular (or SD) to the two given lines. Then,
a c we have 4l  3m  2n  0
x y z and 4l  1m  ln  0
on putting in    1 , We get
a b c Solving these, we get
by  a 2  b 2 y by  c2  b 2  m n
  1   or
a2 b c2 3  2 8  4 4  12
 b 2c2  a 2 b 2  a 2c2 
y 2 2 2 2 2 2  b(C) is correct  m n  2
 m2  n2  1
a b b c c a     
1 4 8 12    4 2   8 2 9
OG 1
74. On applying  and using the fact that G
GH 2 1 4 8
 DC’s of SD are , ,
a b c 9 9 9
has coordinates , , and easily get (A) Also, A(–3, 6, 0) is a point on first line and
3 3 3
as correct B(–2,0,7) is a point on second line, then
75. It is obvious 1  4 8
76. Statement 1: SD  2  3   0  6      7  0    =9
9  9 9
iˆ ˆj kˆ and two lines are said to be skew lines or non

 
r  2 iˆ  ˆj  3 kˆ  x y z intersecting lines if they do not lie in the same plane.
2 1 3 80. x  y  z  6    2 x  3 y  4 z  5   0
 iˆ(3 y  z )  ˆj (3 x  2 z )  kˆ(  x  2 y ) which passes through (4,4,4)
 29 x  23 y  17 z  276
 3iˆ  kˆ
3 y  z  3,3x  2 z  0,  x  2 y  1 81. Dr ' s of L1 : 0,1,1 Dr ' s of L2 : 0,1,1
3x  6 y  6  x  2 y  2 ..(i) Dr ' s of L3 : 0,1,1 hence statement 1 is false
x  2 y  1 ...(ii)
9
(i) and (ii) are parallel planes not straight line 82. (A)1 t   2  2t  1  2  2t   0  t  
2
Statement-2
 (B) a  x  1  b  x  2   2  x  1  0
r  (iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ )
and 2a  2b  c  0, a  b  2c  0
PINEGROVE 203
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

1 24
(C)  AB AC AD    .The equation of required plane is
6  5
d1  d 2 62 x  29 y  19 z  135  0
(D) Use 91. Let a,b,c be the D.r’s of normal to the plane Given
a  b2  c2
2
a - c = 0 , -a + b = 0

t a  b .c  D. r’s of normal to the plane are (1,1,1) equation
of the plane is x  y  z  3 now
83. (A)
c
A   3, 0, 0  , B   0,3, 0  , C   0, 0,3

(B)  n1  n2  3 0 0
1
(C) ai  ck  0 , ai  b j  0 V 0 3 0  2V  9
6
(D) by verification 0 0 3

84. Use the concept of coplanarity of lines and planes  a 3 b3 5c 
92.  , ,   1, 2,3
in 3-dimensional space  4 4 4 
85. (A) Take any point on L2 and find the parameter a  1, b  5, c  7
toget the perpendicular distance 93. Area of the triangle ABC is
(B) c  a b d  i j k
1
  2 2 0  2 3
a b c 2
2 0 2
86. b c 
a    a  b  c  a  b  c  ab  bc  ca
2 2 2

equation of the plane ABC is x+y+z-1=0
c a b
angle  between plane x+y+z-1=0 and the xy
87. Equation of line (1) is
1
x 5 y  2 z plane is given by cos  
  Equation of line (2) is 3
2 0 1 Then M=  cos   2
x y z
  m  m  1
0 0 1  3
2
 a  c  .b  d 
4
 2 units 94. Use SA= SB =SC with  1,  , 3
Shortest distance= bd 2
95. Let equation of new plane is
88. Let P   x, y, z  then OP 2  4  9t 2  4
2x  2y  z  3  z  0 point  3,1,1 lies on it
89. The system of planes has no solution    2
hence the new plane is 2x  2y  z  3
1 1 1
 3 2  0     4    3  0 4  4 1 7
  4 Now cos   
3  1 3.3 9

90. Let the equation of required plane be

2 x  y  z  3    3x  y  z  5  0
1
Distance of this plane from  2,1, 1 is
6

204 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

W.E-3: A rod of length 2 units whose one end is

ADVANCED (1,0,-1) and the other lies on the plane
x  2 y  2 z  4  0 , then
WORKEDOUT EXAMPLES
A)The rod sweeps a figure of volume  cubic
W.E-1: The vector along the line of greatest slope units
in the plane x  y  z  3 with respect to the B)The area of the region which the rod traces
plane x  y  z  0 is on the plane is 2 square units
C)The length of the projection of the rod on
Sol: a  i  j  k , b  i  j  k
the plane is 3 units
i j k D)The centre of the region which the rod
a  b  1 1 1  2i  2k  2 i  k    2 2 5 
traces on the plane is  , , 
1 1 1 3 3 3 
Sol: The rod sweeps a cone of height 1 and radius 3
i j k units

a ab  1 1  1  i  2 j  k W.E-4: Consider a set of points R in the space
1 0 1 which are at a distance of 2 units from the
x y 1 z  2
hence the vector along the line with greatest slope line   between the planes
1 1 2
is i  2 j  k x  y  2 z  3  0 and x  y  2 z  2  0 then
W.E-2: If the plane ax  by  0 is rotated through (IIT-JEE-2014)
an angle ' ' about it’s line of intersection A)The volume of the bounded figure by the
with the plane z=0. Then the equation of the 10
plane in the new position will be points R and the planes is cubic units
3 3
A) ax  by  z a 2  b 2 tan   0 B)The area of the curved surface formed by
20
B) ax  by  z a  b tan   0
2 2 the set of points R is square units
6
C)The volume of the bounded figure by the
C) bx  ay  z a 2  b 2 tan   0
20
set of points in R and the planes is cubic
D) bx  ay  z a 2  b 2 tan   0 6
units
Sol: Equation of the plane passing through the
D)The area of the curved surface formed by
intersection of ax  by  0 and z  0 is
1 0
ax  by   z  0 --------(1) the set of points in R is square units
3
Dcs of normal to the plane are
5
a b  Sol: The distance between the planes is h 
, , 6
a2  b2   2 a2  b2   2 a2  b2   2 Also the figure formed is a cylinder, whose radius
a2  b2 is r  2units
 cos   20
a2  b2   2 a2  b2 Hence the volume   r 2 h  cubic units
6
    a 2  b 2 tan  Areaof curved surface 2 rh 
20
square units
6

PINEGROVE 205
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

W.E-5: From a point P   ,  ,   , perpendiculars W.E-7: Find the shortest distance of plane parallel
to z-axis and containing line
PQ and PR are drawn respectively on the
x  y  2z  3  0  2x  3y  4z  4 from z-axis.
lines y  x, z  1 and y   x, z  1 . If P is
x 5 y  2 z
such that QPR is a right angle, then the Sol: Equation of line (1) is  
2 0 1
possible value(s) of  is (are)
x y z
A) 2 B)1 C)-1 D)  2 Equation of line (2) is  
0 0 1
Sol: (C)
Let Q   k , k ,1 , R   l , l , 1  a  c  .b  d 
4
 2 units
x y z 1 Shortest distance= bd 2
PQ  lar to  
1 1 0
W.E-8: Statement I: The plane 5 x  2 z  8  0
   k  Q    ,  ,1
contains the line 2 x  y  z  3  0 and
x y z 1 3 x  y  z  5 and is perpendicular to
PR  lar to  
1 1 0 2 x  y  5z  3  0
 l  0  R   0, 0, 1 Given QPR  900 Statement II: The plane 3 x  y  z  5 meetss
 PQ  PR     1   1  0    1, 1 the line x  1  y  1  z  1 at the point (1,1,1).
if   1 then P=Q which is not possible. Hence   1 Sol: Equation of plane is
W.E-6: Supose in a tetrahedron 2 x  y  z  3    3x  y  z  5  0
ABCD , AB 1; CD 3; the distance and For   1, we get
angle between the skew lines AB and CD are 5x+2z-8=0 which is perpendicular to
 2x-y-5z-3=0 as 5  2  0  1  2  5  0
2 and respectively. If the volume of the
3
W.E-9: The reflection of the plane
tetrahedron is V then the values of 6V is
   2 x  3 y  4 z  3  0 in the plane
Sol: b 1 c  d  3 x  y  z  3  0 is the plane.
shortest distence between AB and CD is 2 A) 4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0 B) x  3 y  2 z  15  0
   

also b, c d  
3
C) 4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0 D) x  3 y  2 z  5  0
  Sol: 2  aa '  bb '  cc '   ax  by  cz  d 
Let equation of A B be r   b ......1
    =  a 2  b 2  c 2  a ' x  b ' y  c ' z  d ' 
and equation of CD be r  c   c  d ....2    Reflection of plane 2 x  3 y  4 z  3  0
   
nb  cd   in the plane x  y  z  3  0

    2 2  3  4 x  y  z  3  3 2x  3y  4z  3

S.D  projection of c on nˆ 

c.nˆ c. b cd
   
    4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0
nˆ b c d   W.E-10: P,Q,R,S are four coplanar points on the
sides AB,BC,CD,DA of a skew quadrilaterial.
         AP BQ CR DS
  
[c b c ]  [c b d ]
    2
0  [b c d ] b  c d  3 The product . . . equals
b c  d sin  / 3 
1. 3. 3 / 2    PB QC RD SA
A)-2 B)-1 C)2 D)1
1  1 1
Volume  [b c c]  .3  Sol: Let the vertices A,B,C,D of a quadrilaterial be
6 6 2

206 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

Codes:
 x1 , y1 , z1  ,  x2 , y2 , z2  ,  x3 , y3 , z3  ,  x4 , y4 , z4  . P Q R S
The equation of plane PQRS be A 3 2 4 1
u  ax  by  cz  d  0 Let ur  a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d B 1 3 4 2
C 3 2 1 4
AP BQ CR DS
where r  1, 2,3, 4 Then . . . D 2 4 1 3
PB QC RD SA
Sol: Plane perpendicular to P1 and P2 has D.r’s of
 u  u  u  u 
   1   2   3   4   1 i j k
 u 2   u 3   u 4   u1 
7 1 2  16i  48 j  32k .....(1)
W.E-11: Perpendiculars are drawn from points on normal
3 5 6
x  2 y 1 z
the line   to the plane For point of intersection of lines
2 1 3
x  y  z  3 . The feet of perpendiculars lie on  21  1,  , 1  3   2  4, 2  3, 22  3
the line . (IIT JEE-2013)  21  1  2  4  or  21  2  3
x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2
A)   B)    1  2  3  or  1  2  3
5 8 13 2 3 5
x y 1 z  2 x y 1 z  2  1  2, 2  1
C)   D)    Point is (5,-2,-1) ..............(2)
4 3 7 2 7 5
From (1) and (2) required plane is
Sol: Any point B on line is  2  2,    1,3 
1 x  5   3  y  2   2  z  1  0
Point B lies on the plane for some ‘  ’
or x  3 y  2 z  13
  2  2      1  3  3
 a  1, b  3, c  2, d  13
3  5 9 
 4  6     B  1, ,  W.E-13: Let A   4,0,3 , B  14, 2, 5 then
2  2 2 which of the following points lie on the
The foot of the perpendicular from point
(-2,-1,0) on the plane is the point A(0,1,2) bisector of the angle between OA and OB (
7 5
Where ‘O’ is the orgin of reference) is(are)

D .r ' s of AB   1  ,    2,  7, 5  A) (2, 1, -1) B) (2, 11, 5)
 2 2
C) (10, 2, -2) D) (1, 1, 2)
x y 1 z  2
Hence the required line is   Sol : (D) OA = 4 i  3k
 
2 7 5
W.E-12: Consider the lines   
x 1 y z3 x4 y3 z3 OB  14 i  2 j 5k
L1 :   , L2 :  
2 1 1 1 1 2     

and the planes P1 : 7 x  y  2 z  3 ,

 4 i  3k  14 i  2 j 5k
OA  ,OB  ,
5 15
P2 : 3 x  5 y  6 z  4 . Let ax  by  cz  d be
Any vector in the direction of angle bisectors of the
the equation of the plane passing through the
point of intersection of lines L1 and L2 and   λ    
from λ  a + b  =  2 i +2 j 4k 
  15  
perpendicular to planes P1 & P2 match ListI
with ListII and select the correct answer using 15
 Answer is D with  
the code given below the lists. (IIT JEE 2013) 2
List-I List-II Passage: Two lines whose equations are
P) a= 1) 13 x 3 y  2 z 1 x 2 y 3 z 2
Q) b= 2) -3   and   lie in
R) c= 3) 1 2 3  3 2 3
S) d= 4) -2 the same plane then

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 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

W.E-14: The value of sin 1  sin   is equal to 4. P(1, 1, 1) and Q   ,  ,   are two points in the
A)3 B)   3 C)4 D)   4 space such that PQ  27 , the value of  can
W.E-15: Point of intersection of the lines lie on be
A) 3 x  y  z  20 B) 3 x  y  z  25 (A)–4 (B)–2 (C)2 (D)0
C) 3 x  2 y  z  24 D) 3 x  2 y  z  10 x y z
5. The plane    1 meets the Co-ordinate
Sol. 1 2 1
14 (d) axes in the points A, B and C respectively. Area
Both lines are coplanar of triangle ABC is
3 2 2 3 6
2 3 (A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 2 2
 3 2 3 0 6. The direction ratios of the bisector of the angle
1 1 1 between the lines whose
l1 , m1 , n1; l2 , m 2 , n 2 are
 2  2  3  3  3  3    3  2   0    4
(A) l1  l2 , m1 ±m 2 ,n1 ±n 2
sin 1  sin 4   sin 1 sin   4     4 2 2 2 2 2 2
(B) l1  l 2 , m1  m 2 , n1  n 2
x  3 y  2 z 1
15 (b) Let    r1 (C) l1m 2  l2 m1 , m1n 2  m 2 n1 , n1l2  n 2l1
2 3 4
(D) l1m 2  l2 m1 , m1n 2  m 2 n1 , n1l2  n 2l1
 x  3  2r1 , y  3r1  2, z  4r1  1
7. The plane which contains the line 3x + y = 1, z
x2 y 3 z 2 = 4 and parallel to x + y + z + 1 = 0,
it will lie on    r1  1
3 2 3 y + 2z = 1, cuts the x-axis at
So, point of intersection is (5,5,5) A)(–2, 0, 0) B)(–3, 0, 0) C)(–4, 0, 0) D)(–1, 0, 0)
8. If a straight line is given by

EXERCISE -V r  1  t  ˆi  3tjˆ  1  t  kˆ where t  R .
If this line lies in the plane x  y  cz  d then
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS the value of c + d is
1. P(0, 5, 6), Q(1, 4, 7), R(2, 3, 7) and S(3, 4, 6) (A)-1 (B) 1 (C)7 (D) 9
are four points in the space. The point nearest x y z
to the origin O(0, 0, 0) is 9. The line   and the plane 2x –4y + 2 z
1 2 3
(A)only P (B)only Q = 3 meet in
(C)R & S (D)P & S (A)at one point (B)no point
2. Four points A  1, 1,1 ; B 1, 3,1 ;C  4,3,1 (C)infinitely many points (D)at two points
10. If  4k1 , k12 , 1 and  4k 2 , k 22 , 1 are two points
and D  4, 1,1 taken in order are the vertices
lying on the plane in which (2, 3, 2) and
of
(1, 2, 1) are mirror image to each other, then
(A)a parallelogram which is neither a rectangle
nor a rhombus k1k 2 is equal to
(B) rhombus 3 5 7 9
(C)an isosceles trapezium (A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 2
(D) a cyclic quadrilateral. 11. The plane x  y  z  2 is rotated through an
3. The point in which the YZ plane divides the
angle 900 about its line of intersection with the
line joining the points (3, 5, –7) and
(–2, 1, 8) is (x, y, z). Then the value of plane x  2y  z  2 . Then equation of this
x + 5y + z is plane in new position is
(A)10 (B)15 (C)12 (D)20 (A) 5x  4y  z  10  0 (B) 4x  5y  3z  0
(C) 2x  y  2z  9 (D) 3x  4y  5z  9
208 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

12. The ratio in which the join of (1, –2, 3) and 18. A plane passes through (1,-2,1) and is
(4, 2, –1) is divided by the XOY plane is perpendicular to two planes 2x – 2y + z = 0
(A) 1 : 3 B) 3 : 1 C) - 3: 1 D) - 4 : 1 and x – y + 2z = 4, then the distance of the
13. Let ai , i = 1, 2, 3, ......, n denote the integers in plane from the point (1,2,2) is [IIT-2006]
the domain of function (A)0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
 4 x  25 
f (x) = log 1   MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
2
 x  21 
19. If  ,  ,  be the angles which a line makes
where ai < ai+1, i   . If the line with the coordinate axes, then
2 x  a1 y  a1 z  a3 (A) sin 2   cos 2   cos 2 
L: = a = meets the xy,,
4 2 a5 (B) cos 2   cos 2   cos 2 
yz and zx planes at A, B and C respectively ,
(C) cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1
and if volume of the tetrahedron OABD is V,
where 'O' is origin and D is the image of C in (D) sin 2   sin 2   1  cos 2 
the x-axis, then the value of 90V is ( A ) 20. The direction cosines of a line equally inclined
240 (B) 260 (C) 280 (D) 300 with the coordinate axes are
14. Given a tetrahedron DABC with AB = 12 ,
(A) 1 / 3,  1/ 3, 1 / 3
CD = 6. If the shortest distance between the
skew lines AB and CD is 8 and the angle (B) 1 / 3,  1/ 3,  1/ 3
 (C) 1/ 3,  1 / 3, 1/ 3
between them is , then the volume of
6
(D) 1 / 3, 1/ 3, 1 / 3
tetrahedron (in cubic units) is
(A) 12 (B) 36 (C) 48 (D) 72 21. If the direction cosines l, m, n of a line are
15. The value of k such that related by the equations l+m+n=0, 2mn+2ml-
nl=0 then the ordered triplet
x4 y2 zk (l, m, n) is
  lies in the plane
1 1 2
  1 2    1 2 
2x  4y  z  7 , is [IIT-JEE 2003] (A)  , ,  (B)   , , 
 6 6 6  6 6 6
(A)7 (B)-7 (C) no real value (D) 4
16. Let P  3, 2, 6  be a point in the space and Q be  2 1 1   2 1 1 
(C)   , ,  (D)  , , 
a point on the line  6 6 6  6 6 6
 ˆ ˆ
   
r  i  j  2kˆ   3iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ . Then the 22. The lines x 2 y3 z4
1

1

k
and

value of  for which the vector PQ is parallel x 1 y  4 z  5
  are coplanar if
to the plane x  4y  3z  1 is k 2 1
[IIT-JEE 2009] (A) k = 0 (B)k = –1 (C) k = –3 (D)k = 3
1 1 1 1 x 1 y 1 z  1
(A) (B)  (C) (D)  23. The lines   and
4 4 8 8 3 1 0
17. A line with positive direction cosines passes x  4 y  0 z 1
through the point P(2,-1,2) and makes equal  
2 0 3
angles with the coordinate axes. The line
(A) do not intersect (B) intersect
meets the plane 2x + y + z = 9 at point Q. The
(C) intersect at (4, 0, –1) (D)intersect at (1, 1, –1)
length of the line segment PQ equals
[IIT-JEE 2009] x 1 y  2 z 1
24. The line   and the plane
1 2 3
(A)1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 2
x  2y  z  6 meet in

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 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

(A) no point (B) the line lies on the plane 4

(C) infinitely many points (D) at one point (B)distance of P from the plane is
3
25. The plane x  2y  7z  21  0
 10 5 1 
x 1 y  3 z  2 (C) foot of perpendicular is  , ,  
(A) contains the line    3 3 3
3 2 1  10 5 1 
(B) contains the point (0, 7, –1) (D) image of point P by the plane  , ,  
 3 3 3
x y z 32. Consider the plane through (2, 3, –1 ) and at
(C) is perpendicular to the line  
1 2 7 right angles to the vector 3iˆ  4ˆj  7kˆ from the
(D) is parallel to the plane x – 2y + 7z = 0 origin is
26. The equation of a line (A)The equation of the plane through the given point is
4x  4y  z  11  0  x  2y  z  1 can be put 3x  4y  7z  13  0
as
1
x y2 z3 x  4 y  4 z  11 (B) perpendicular distance of plane from origin
(A)   (B)   74
2 1 4 2 1 4
13
x 2 y z3 x2 y2 z (C) perpendicular distance of plane from origin
    74
(C) (D)
2 1 4 2 1 4 21
27. If a straight line makes an angle of 60° with (D) perpendicular distance of plane from origin
74
each of the x and y-axes, the angle which it
33. Consider the point (1, 3, 4) and the plane
makes with the z-axis is  ˆ ˆ ˆ
r.(2i  j  k)  3  0 . Then
   3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (A)The projection of the point in the plane is (1, 3, 4)
3 4 2 4

(B)The perpendicular distance from the point to the given
28. The lines r  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  (3iˆ  ˆj) , and plane is 6.

r  (4iˆ  k)  (2iˆ  3k)
ˆ (C)The projection of the point in the plane is (–1, 4, 3)
(A) meet in a unique point (B) are skew lines (D)The projection of the point in the plane is (–5, 4, 3)
(C) are coplanar (D)are coincident 34. A variable plane cutting coordinate axes in
29. If the plane 2x - 3y + 6z - 11 = 0 makes an A,B,C is at a constant distance 1 from the
angle  with the x-axis then origin. Then the locus of centroid of the triagle
ABC is
2 2 (A) X–2 + Y–2 + Z–2 =16 (B)X-2+Y-2+Z-2=9
(A) cos   (B) sin  
7 7
1 1 1 1 
2 2 (C)  2  2  2  1  0 (D)X+Y=0
(C) tan   (D) tan   9 x y z 
3 3 5 35. A line L passing through the point P(1, 4, 3),
30. The angle  between the line is perpendicular to both the lines
   
r  a  b and r .n  p is x 1 y  3 z  2 x2 y4 z 1
  = = , and = = .
2 1 4 3 2 2
 ˆ
1 b.n
 ˆ
1 b.n
(A) sin   
If the position vector of point Q on L is (a1, a2,
(B) cot  
|b| |b| a3) such that (PQ)2 = 357, then (a1 + a2 + a3)
 
can be
 
1 b.n ˆ  1  a.n ˆ (A) 16 (B) 15 (C) 2 (D) 1
(C)  cos    (D) cos   36. If OABC is a tetrahedron such that
2 | b|  |a|
31. If P(2, 3, 1) is a point and OA2  BC2  OB2  CA2  OC2  AB2 then
L  x  y  z  2  0 is a plane then (A) OA  BC (B) OB  CA
(A) origin and P lie on the same side of the plane (C) OC  AB (D) AB  BC

210 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

37. The base of the pyramid AOBC is an PASSAGE - III

equilateral triangle OBC with each side is A (-2, 2, 3) and B (13, -3, 13) and L is a line
equal to 4 2 . ‘O’ being the origin of reference, through A
AO is perpendicular to the plane of triangle 43. A point P moves in the space such that
OBC and AO = 2. Then the cosine of the angle 3PA = 2PB, then the locus of P is
between the skew lines one passes through A (A) x 2  y 2  z 2  28x  12y  10z  247  0
and midpoint of OB, and the other passing
through O and the mid point of BC can be (B) x 2  y 2  z 2  28x  12y  10z  247  0
1 1 1 (C) x 2  y 2  z 2  28x  12y  10z  247  0
(A)  (B) 0 (C) (D)
2 6 2 (D) x 2  y 2  z 2  28x  12y  10z  247  0
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 44. Coordinates of the point P which divides the
PASSAGE - I join of A and B in the ratio 2 : 3 internally are
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 (A)  33 / 5,  2 / 5,9  (B) (4, 0, 7)
Eq. of line is  
a b c
Equation of plane through the intersection of (C)  32 / 5,  12 / 5,17 / 5  (D)(20, 0, 35)
two planes is 45. Equation of a line L, pependicular to the line
 a1x  b1y  c1z  d1     a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2 z  d 2   0 AB is
38. The distance of point (1, - 2, 3) from the plane x 2 y 2 z 3 x2 y2 z3
(A)   (B)  
x  y  z  5 measured parallel to the line 15 5 10 3 13 2
x y z3 x 2 y 2 z 3 x2 y2 z3
  is (C)   (D)  
2 3 4 3 13 2 15 5 10
21 29 13 2 PASSAGE - IV
(A) (B) (C) (D) Given points A (1, -4, 5) and B(0,6,1) and a
5 5 5 5
39. The equation of the plane through (0,2,4) and plane 3x  y  2z  7
46. The ratio in which the line segment AB is
x  3 y 1 z  2
containing the line   is divided by the plane, is
3 4 2 (A)2/3 (B)1/11 (C)10/11 (D)12/11
(A) x  2y  4z  12  0 (B) 5x  y  9z  38  0
47. If P   2  1,  ,   1 is a point on the same side
(C) 10x  12y  9z  60  0 (D) 7x  5y  3z  2  0
PASSAGE - II of the plane as the point A, then the set of
  values of  , is
ˆ ˆ ˆ
a  6i  7 j  7 k , ˆ ˆ ˆ
b  3i  2 j  2k, P 1, 2, 3 
40. The position vector of L, the foot of the  1  73 1  73 
   (A)  , 
perpendicular from P on the line r  a   b is  6 6 
(A) 6iˆ  7 ˆj  7kˆ (B) 3iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ   1  73    1  73 
(C) 3iˆ  5ˆj  9kˆ (D) 9iˆ  9 ˆj  5kˆ (B)   , 6
  
6
,  
   
41. The image of the point P in the line
   (C)  ,   (D)  0,  
r  a   b is
(A) (11, 12, 11) (B)(5, 2, -7) PASSAGE – V
(C) (5, 8, 15) (D)(17, 16, 7) Read the following passage and answer the
 questions Consider the lines
42. If A is the point with position vector a then area
x 1 y  2 z 1
of the triangle P L A in sq. units is equal to L1 :   ,
3 1 2
7 17 7
(A) 3 6 (B) (C) 17 (D) x 2 y 2 z 3
2 2 L2 :  
1 2 3

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 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

48. The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and PASSAGE: VII

x 1 y z  1
L 2 is Consider the line L :   and a
2 1 2
ˆi  7ˆj  7kˆ ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ point A(1, 1, 1). Let P be the foot of the
(A) (B) perpendicular from A on L and Q be the
99 5 3
image of the point A in the line L, 'O' being
ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ 7iˆ  7ˆj  kˆ the origin.
(C) (D) 54. The distance of the origin from the plane
5 3 99
passing through the point A and containing
49. The shortest distance between L1 and L 2 is the line L is
17 (A) 1/3 (B) 1/ 3 (C) 2/3 (D) 1/2
(A) 0 unit (B) unit
3 55. The distance of the point A from the line L is
41 17 4
(C) unit (D) unit (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)
5 3 5 3 3
50. The distance of the point 1,1,1 from the plane 56. The distance of the origin from the point Q is
17 17 1
passing through the point  1, 2, 1 and (A) 3 (B) (C) (D)
whose normal is perpendicular to both the lines 6 3 3
L1 and L 2 is [IIT-JEE 2008] ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
(A) Statement -1 is true, statement -2 is true,
2 7
(A) unit (B) unit statement -2 is a correct explanation for
75 75 statement-1
13 23 (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
(C) unit (D) unit statement -2 is not correct explanation for
75 75
statement-1
PASSAGE: VI
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
y z (D) Statement -1 is false, statement-2 is true
A plane P contains the line L1 :   1 ,
b c 57. Statement 1 :
 
x z Lines r  a1  b1 and r  a 2  b 2 will intersect
x = 0 and is parallel to the line L2 :   1, y = 0.
a c    
if  b1  b 2  .  a 2  a1   0 because
51. Equation of the plane P is
Statement 2 : Two lines will intersect if the
x y z x y z
(A)    1  0 (B)    1  0 shortest distance between them is zero.
a b c a b c 58. Statement 1 : If P(–3, –2, 4), Q(–9, –8, 10) and
x y z x y z R(–5, –4, 6) are given, then on joining P, Q
(C)    1  0 (D)   1  0 and R a unique plane will be formed.
a b c a b c
52. If shortest distance between the lines because
Statement 2 : If three points are given, then it
1
L1 and L2 is then the value of is not always possible to form a unique plane.
4 59. Statement -1 : Let  be the angle between the
1 1 1 line
2
 2  2 equals
a b c x  2 y 1 z  2
(A) 16 (B) 64 (C) 128 (D) 192   and the plane x+y-z=5
2 3 2
53. Distance of image of A(a, 0, 0) in the plane P
 2 
  5 8 11  then   sin 1   
from M  , ,  ,where a = b = c = 1, is  51 
 3 3 3
Statement - 2: Angle between a straight line
equal to
and a plane is the complement of angle between
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
the line and normal to the plane

212 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

60. Consider the following statements: 64. Match the statements/expressions given in
Statement 1 : The plane y+z+1=0 is parallel to Column I with the values given in Column II
x- axis. Column I
Statement 2 : Normal to the plane is parallel (A)The area of the triangle whose vertices are
to x- axis. (0,0,0), (3,4,7) and (5,2,6) is
61. Statement 1 : The point A(2, 9, 12), B(1, 8, 8), (B)Distance of plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 from
C(–2, 11, 8) and D(–1, 12, 12) are the vertices origin may be (a,b,c,d  I) is
of a rhombus.
Statement 2 : AB = BC = CD = DA and (C) The value(s) of  for which the triangle with
AC = BD vertices A(6,10,10) B(1,0,-5) and C(6,-10,  ) will
62. Statement 1 : The points (2, 1, 5) and be a right angled triangle (right angled at A) is /are
(3, 4, 3) lie on opposite side of the plane (D)d is the perpendicular distance from (1, 3, 4) to
2x + 2y – 2z – 1 = 0. d
x 1 y 1 z
Statement 2 : The algebraic perpendicular   , then value of
1 1 1 2 3
distance from the given points to the line have
opposite sign. Column II
63. Consider the planes (P) 0
3x  6y  2z  15 and 2x  y  2z  5 (Q) 70/3
Statement – 1 : The parametric equation of the 2
line of intersection of the given planes are x = (R)
3
3 + 14t, y = 1 + 2t, z = 15t
Statement – 2 : The vector 3
(S) 65
ˆj 2
14 î + 2 + 15 k̂ is parallel to the line of
intersection of the given planes. 65. Match the statements/expressions given in
[IIT-JEE 2007] Column I with the values given in Column II
MATRIX- MATCHING QUESTIONS Column I
Consider a cube
This section contains 1 questions. Each questions
contain statements given in two columns, which have (A) Angle between any two solid diagonal
to be matched. The statements in Column I are (B)Angle betwen a solid diagonal and a plane
labeled A, B, C and D while the statements in (C) Angle between plane diagonals of adjacent faces
Column II are labelled p, q, r, s and t. Any given  
statement in Column I can have correct matching (D)If a line makes angle and with positive X
4 3
with ONE OR MORE statement(s) in Column
and Y axis then the angle which it makes with
II. The appropriate bubbles corresponding to the
positive Z-axis
answers to these questions have to be darkened
as illustrated in the following example. If the correct Column II
matches are A-p, s and t, B-q and r, C-p and q,
and D-s and t, then the correct darkening of bubbles 1 2
will look like the following (P) cos
6
p q r s t
1  1
A p q r s t (Q) cos   2 
 
B p q r s t 1 1
(R) cos
3
C p q r s t

D p q r s t 1
(S)
2

PINEGROVE 213
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

66. Match the statements/expressions given in 68. If XZ plane divide the join of points (2,3,4) and
Column I with the values given in Column II (1,-1,5) in the ratio  :1 then the integer 
3x-6y+2z+10=0, Length of the perpendicular should be equal to
from 69. If the area of the triangle whose vertices are
Column I Column II A(1, 2, 3), B(2, –1, 1) and C(1, 2, –4) is  sq
(A) origin (P) 13/7
(B) (3, 6, 2) (Q) 2 2
(C) (2, -3, 6) (R) 10/7 unit then must be
10
(D) (–6, 2, 3) (S) 46/7 70. The equation of a plane which bisects the line
67. Match the statements/expressions given in joining (1,5,7) and (-3,1,-1) is x + y + 2z = 
Column I with the values given in Column II then  must be
Column I
(A) If Acute and obtuse angle bisectors 71. The distance of the point  3, 0,5 from the line
2x – y + 2z + 3 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 6z + 8 = 0 are x  2 y  2 z  4  0  x  3 z  11 is
represented by A and O, then x  4 y  6 z 1
(B) If acute and obtuse angle bisectors of the planes 72. The  
3 5 2
x – 2y + 2z – 3 = 0 and
2x – 3y + 6z + 8 = 0 are represented by A and O, and 3x  2y  z  5  0  2x  3y  4z  k are
then coplanar for k is equal to
(C) The acute and obtuse angle bisectors of the 73. If the distance of the point P(4, 3, 5) from the
planes 2x + y – 2z + 3 = 0 and axis of y is  unit, then the value of
6x + 2y – 3z – 8 = 0 are represented by A and O,
then 52
Column II must be
41
(P) A : 32x + 13y – 23z – 3 = 0
74. Let L be the distance between the lines
(Q) O : x – 5y – 4z – 45 = 0
(R) A : 23x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0 y z x z
x  0,   1 and y  0,   1 . Then
(S) O : 4x – y + 5z – 45 = 0 b c a c
(T) A : 13x – 23y + 32z + 3 = 0  1 1 1
L2  2  2  2  is
INTEGER QUESTICONS  a b c 
The answer to each of the question is a single digit EXERCISE -V-KEY
integer, ranging from 0 to 9. The appropriate bubbles SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
below the respective question numbers in the ORS 1. (D) 2.(D) 3.(B) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6.(A) 7.(D)
have to be darkened. For example, if the correct 8. (D) 9. (B) 10.(D)11.(A)12. (B)13. (C) 14.(C)
answers to question numbers X,Y,Z and W (say) 15.(A)16. (A)17. (C) 18.(D) 19.(A,C,D)
are 6,0,9 and 2, respectively, then the correct 20. (A,B,C,D) 21. (A,B,C,D) 22.(A,C)
darkening of bubbles will look like the following: 23.(B,C) 24. (B,C) 25. (A,B,C,D) 26.(A,B)
X Y Z W
27.(B,D) 28. (A,C) 29. (B,D) 30.(A,C)
0 0 0 0 31.(A,B,C) 32. (A,C) 33. (B,C) 34.(B,C)
1 1 1 1 35.(B,D) 36. (A,B,C)37. (A,D) 38. (B) 39. (C)
2 2 2 2 40. (C) 41. (C) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (C)
3 3 3 3 46. (C) 47. (B) 48. (B) 49. (D) 50. (C) 51) (D)
4 4 4 4
52) (B) 53) (C) 54) (A) 55) (B) 56) (C) 57. (A)
5 5 5 5
58. (D) 59. (D) 60.(C) 61. (D) 62. (A) 63. (D)
6 6 6 6
64.(A)  (S);(B)  (P,Q,R,S);(C)  (Q);(D)  (R)
7 7 7 7
65. (A)  (R);(B)  (P);(C)  (q);(D)  (Q)
8 8 8 8
66. (A)  (R);(B)  (P);(C)  (S);(D)  (Q)
9 9 9 9
67. (A)  (R);(B)  (Q, T);(C)  (P, S)
68.(3) 69.(7) 70.(8) 71. (3) 72. (4) 73. (5) 74. (4)

214 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

EXERCISE -V - HINTS 1
 | (ac)ˆj  (ab)kˆ  (bc)iˆ |
1. We have, 2
(OP)2  02  52  62  0  25  36  61 
1
(bc) 2  (ac) 2  (ab) 2
2
Similarly, (OQ) 2  1  16  49  66
1 2 2 2 3
(OR) 2  4  9  49  62  1 2   12  1  22  1 
2 2
and (OS) 2  9  16  36  61 6. Let OP = OQ = r
So, P and S are equidistant from O and the nearst M is the mid point of PQ, then coordinates of
to it.  l  l   m  m 2   n1  n 2  
M  1 2  r,  1  r,   r
2. As z  1 is common in all four points. Consider  2   2   2  
A(1,-1), B(1,3), C(4,3) and D(4,-1).  ABC is
 l1  l 2   m1  m 2   n1  n 2  
right angled triangle with A & C as end points of   r,   r,   r
diameter  equation of circum circle of  ABC  2   2   2  
DR’s of the bisector are
is  x  1 x  4    y  1 y  3  = 0
l1  l2 , m1 ,  m 2 , n1  n 2
Point D(4,-1) is also satisfying it.
DR’s of other bisector are
Hence ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral.
3. Let the yz–plane divide the line joining the given l1  l 2 , m1  m 2 , n1  n 2
points in the ratio m1 : m2. Then the coordinates of P (l1r,m1r,n1r)

the point of division are l1,m1,n1

  2m1  3m 2 m1  5m 2 8m1  7m 2 
 , ,  . O M

 m 1  m 2 m 1  m 2 m 1  m 2 
l2,m2,n2
Since this point lies on the yz–plane, its x-
coordinates is zero. Therefore Q(l2r,m2r,n2r)

–2m1 + 3m2 = 0, i.e. m1 : m2 = 3 : 2 7. Let the plane be 3x + y – 1 +   z  4   0

The other coordinates of the point of division are
now x  2 y 1 z
It is parallel to line  
m  5m 2 3  2.5 13 1 2 1
y= 1 = = , and    1  3x  y  z  3  0
m1  m 2 35 5
Hence point is (–1, 0, 0)
8m 1  7 m 2 3.8  2.7 x 1 y  0 z 1
z= = =2 8. Line can be written as  
m1  m 2 3 2 1 3 1
 x  5y  z  15 If line is lying in plane the
4. (PQ) 2  (  1) 2  (  1) 2  (  1) 2 1 1  3 1  c  1  0 , c4
 3(  1) 2  27  (  1) 2  9 and 1, 0,1 is lying on plane.
   2 or 4 1 0  c  d  d  5 , c  d  9
x y z 9. Any point on the given line is (t,2t,3t).
5. Consider the plane    1 , therefore A is
a b c It lies in the given plane if 2(t)  4(2t)  2(3t)  3
(a, 0, 0), B is (0, b, 0) and C is (0, 0, c).  0 = 3. Which is not true for any t  R. Hence,
1 
  the given line and given plane does not meet in any
Now area ABC  | AB  AC | point.
2
1 10. Required plane is 2x + 2y + 2z – 11 = 0

2
 
|  aiˆ  bjˆ  (  ai  ck) |
9
 2k 2  8k  9  0  k1k 2  
1 2
 |  ac  (iˆ  k)
ˆ  ba(ˆj  ˆi  bc(ˆj  k)
ˆ |
2 11.  x  y  z  2     x  2y  z  2   0

PINEGROVE 215
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

   1 x   2  1 y     1 z  2  2  0   
[ a c b]      
   = 8, [a c b]  8 c  (b  a )
   1 .1   2  1 1     1 1  0 c  (b  a )
 equation of plane is 5x  4y  z  10  0 15. Given equation of straight line
12. Let A(1,  2,3) and B(4,2, 1) . Let the plane XOY x4 y2 zk
 
meet the line AB in the point C such that C divides 1 1 2
A and B in the ratio k : 1, then Since, the line lies in the plane 2x – 4y +z = 7
 4k  1 2k  2 k  3   point (4,2,k) must satisfy the plane
C , ,  .  88 k  7  k  7
 k 1 k 1 k 1  
Since C lies on the plane XOY i.e., the plane z  0, 16. Given OQ  1  3  ˆi     1 ˆj   5  2  kˆ

therefore,
k  3
0k 3 OP  3iˆ  2ˆj  6kˆ (where O is origin)
k 1 
13. For domain of f (x) we must have Now PQ  1 3 3 ˆi   1 2 ˆj   5 2  6 kˆ
 4 x  25  4 x  25  4 25    2  3  ˆi     3 ˆj   5  4  kˆ
log 1    0 0   1 x   ,  
2  x  21  x  21 3 4 
 PQ is parallel to the plane x  4y  3z  1
Integers in the domain are 2, 3 , ....., 6.
 a1 = 2, a2 = 3, ...., a5 = 6  2  3  4  12  15  12  0
x 1 y  2 z  4 1
L: = =  r  let   8  2   
2 3 6 4
2 1
For xy plane, put z = 0  6r + 4 = 0  r = 17. Since   m  n 
3 3
 1  x2 y 1 z2
A(2r + 1, 3r – 2, 0) =   ,  4, 0   Equation of line are 1 / 3  1 / 3  1 / 3
 3 
 x  2  y 1  z  2  r (say)
1
At yz plane, put x = 0  2r + 1 = 0  r =  Any point on the line is
2
Q   r  2, r  1, r  2 
 7 
B (0, 3r – 2, 6r + 4) =  0, , 1  Q lies on the plane 2x  y  z  9
 2 
2  2  r  2    r  1   r  2   9
At zx plane, put y = 0  3r – 2 = 0  r =  4r  5  9  r  1
3
2 2 2
7 ' 7   PQ   3  2    0  1   3  2   3
C (2r + 1, 0, 6r + 4) = ( , 0, 8)  C  ,0, 8
3 3  18. Let the equation of plane be
1    a  x  1  b  y  2   c  z  1  0
Volume of the tetrahedron OABC' = V = [a b c]
6 Which is perpendicular to 2x  2y  z  0 and x
1 3  4 0 – y + 2z = 4
1 28
V 0 7 2 1 =  Hence 90V = 280  2a  2b  c  0 and a  b  2c  0
6 73 0 8 9
a b c a b c
     
3 3 0 1 1 0
   So, the equation of plane is
14. Given | b  a |  12 ; c =6
  x  1  y  2  0 or x  y  1  0
Equation of CD is r  c
   Its distance from the point 1, 2, 2  is
    a·c(ba)
& eq. of AB is r  a  ( b  a ) S.D. =    = 8 1 2 1
c(ba) 2 2
2

216 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS r1  1, r2  0

19.  cos   cos   cos   1 …(i)
2 2 2 Hence, the point of intersection is (4, 0, –1)
24. d.r. of given line are (1, –2,3 ) and the direction
 1  sin 2   1  sin 2   cos 2   1 ratios of normal to plane are (1, 2, 1).
2 2 2
or sin   sin   1  cos  Since 1 1  (2)  2  3 1  0, therefore the line
is parallel to the plane.
also from (i), cos 2   cos 2   1  cos 2 
Also, the base point of the line (1, 2, 1) lies in the
or cos 2   cos 2   sin 2  given plane (1  2  2  1  6 is true)
2
 sin   cos   cos  2 2 Hence, the given line lies in the given plane.
25. (a) We know that the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0
20. Let the line be inclined at an angle  with each of
the three coordinate axes, that the direction cosines x  y  z  
contains the line  
of the line are cos  , cos  , cos  and l m n
2 2 2
cos   cos   cos   1  if a  b  c  d  0 and al + bm + cn = 0.
2
cos   1/ 3  cos   1/ 3 Now, since (–1) – 2 (3) + 7 (–2) + 21 = 0And (–
21. l+m+n =0 and 2 mn+2ml-nl=0 3) (1) + 2 (–2) + 1 (7) = 0
l= - (m+n)  2mn-(2m-n) (m+n) =0 The line given in (a) lies on the given plane.
m 1 (b) Since, 0  2(7)  7(1)  21  0
2 2
 2m -n -mn=0   1 or The point (0, 7, –1) lies on the plane.
n 2 (c) Direction ratio of the normal to the given plane
n n are (1, -2, 7) which are same as those of the given
when m=n, l = -2n ; when m  ,l 
in (c). So, the plane is perpendicular to the lines.
2 2
l m n l m n (d) direction ratios of normal to plane are equal
hence    or   hence two planes are parallel.
2 1 1  1 1 2 26. The given equation are
Since l2+m2+n2=1
4x  4y  z  11  0 …(i)
 2 1 1   1 1 2  x  2y  z  1  0 ….(ii)
 l , m, n    , ,  or  , , 
 6 6 6  6 6 6 The D.r’s of normals to the planes (i) and (ii) are 4,
–4, –1 and 1, 2, –1 respectively.
 2 1 1   1 1 2 
or  , ,  or  , ,  Let Dr’s of line of intersection of plane be l, m, n
 6 6 6   6 6 6  As the line of intersection of the planes
22. The given lines are coplanar, if isperpendicular to the normals of the both planes,
we get
2  1 3  4 4  5 1 1 1
4l – 4m – n = 0
0 1 1 k  1 1 k and l + 2m – n = 0
k 2 1 k 2 1 l m n l m n
By cross multiplication   or  
or 2(1  k)  (k  2)(1  k)  0 6 3 12 2 1 4
If x = 0, Eqs. (i) and (ii) becomes
or k 2  3k  0  k  0, 3
4y  z  11  0 2y  z  1  0
23. For the given lines
Solving, we get y  2, z  3
4  1 0  1 1  (1)
x y2 z 3
3 1 0
= 0 So, the given lines intersect. Equation of line is  
2 1 4
2 0 3
Also x = 4, y = 4, z = 11 satisfies Eqs. (i) and (ii)
Any point on the first line is (3r1  1,  r1  1, 1) and Hence, (b) is also the correct option.
any point on the second line is 1
27.    60,   60  cos   cos  
(2r2  4, 0,3r2  1) . 2
Since, the lines intersect, at the point of intersection.  2 2 2
cos   cos   cos   1
3r1  1  2r2  4, r1  1  0, 1  3r2  1 1 1 1
   cos 2   1  cos 2  
4 4 2
PINEGROVE 217
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

1  3 4
 cos     , if   2  3    1    2  0  
2 4 4 3
28. The given lines (in symmetrical form) are Foot of perpendicular on the plane is
x  1 y  1 z  ( 1) x  4 y  0 z  ( 1) 4 4 4   10 5 1 
3

1

0 2

0

3   2,3  ,1     , ,  
3 3 3  3 3 3
Clearly, the lines are not parallel as their d.r.s. are 32. The equation of the plane through (2, 3, –1) and
not proportinal. These lines are coplanar
perpendicular to the vector 3iˆ  4jˆ  7kˆ is
4  1 0  1 1  ( 1) 3 1 0
3(x  2)  (4)(y  3)  7(z  (1))  0
3 1 0 0 i.e. iff 3 1 0  0,
iff , or 3x  4y  7z  13  0
2 0 3 2 0 3
Distance of this plane from the origin
which is true. Hence the lines are coplanar; being
non-parallel, they meet in an unique point. | 3  0  4  0  7  0  13 | 13
  .
2 2 2
29. Dr’s of normal to the plane are (2, -3, 6) 3  (4)  7 74
Dr’s of x-axis are (1, 0, 0) 33. The given plane is 2x  y  z  3  0
If  is angle between the plane and x-axis then Note that the point (1, 3, 4) does not lie in plane.
 So, the projection of the point in the plane is the
  is the angle between the x-axis and normal foot of perpendicular from (1,3 4) onto the given
2
to the plane. plane. The equations of the line through (1, 3, 4)
and at right angles to the given plane are
  2 2 x 1 y  3 z  4
cos         ...(1)
2  2 2
2   3   6 2 7 2 1 1
Any pont on this line is (2t  1, t  3, t  4)
2 2 It lies in the given plane
sin   & tan  
7 3 5 if 2(2t + 1) – (–t + 3) + (t + 4) + 3 = 0
   i.e., if 6t + 6 = 0 i.e., if t = –1.
30. If  is the angle between the line r  a b and So, the required projection is

the plane r.n  p then 900   is the angle between (2  (1)  1  (1)  3, 1  4) i.e., (–1, 4, 3)
this line and the normal vector n̂ to the plane 34. Let the plane be
 
b.nˆ   ˆ
1 b.n
cos(90  )      cos   
0

|b| 2 |b| 1 1 1 1
   1 or 2
 2  2 1
b.nˆ  b.nˆ  2
1 1 1
2 2 a b c
sin       sin 1   
|b|      
|b| a b c
31. At (0, 0, 0), x  y  z  2  2  ( ve) The plane cuts the coordinate axes at A(a, 0, 0)
at (2, 3, 1), x – y – z – 2 = 2 –3 – 1 – 2 = – 4 B(0,b,0), C(0,0,c). The centroid of  ABC is
Since, both have same sign (0, 0, 0) and
a b c
(2, 3, 1) lie on the same side of the plane.  , ,    x, y,z  (let) x-2 + y-2 + z-2 = 9
 3 3 3
2  3 1  2 4 35. Equation of the line passing through P(1, 4, 3) is
Distance  2 2 2

1 1 1 3 x 1 y  4 z  3
  ....(1)
Equation of a line perpendicular to the plane a b c
x – y – z – 2 = and passing through the point Since (1) is perpendicular to
(2, 3, 1) is x 1 y3 z2 x2 y4 z 1
x  2 y  3 z 1 = = and = =
   2 1 4 3 2 2
1 1 1 Hence 2a + b + 4c = 0
A point on the line is (  2, 3  ,1   ) and it lies a b c
and the plane x – y – z – 2 = 0 and 3a + 2b – 2c = 0  
 2  8 12  4 4  3

218 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

a b c 40. Let the position vector of L be

     ˆ ˆ ˆ
 10 16 1 a   b =  6  3  i   7  2  j   7  2  k
Hence the equation of the lines is 
x 1 y  4 z  3

So PL   6  3 ˆi   7  2 ˆj   7  2 kˆ  ˆi  2jˆ  3kˆ 
  ....(2)
 10 16 1 =  5  3  ˆi   5  2  ˆj   4  2  kˆ
Ans. Now any point Q on (2) can be taken as 
(1 – 10l , 16l + 4 , l + 3) Since PL is perpendicular to the given line which is

Distance of Q from P (1, 4, 3) parallel to b  3iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ
= (10l)2 + (16l)2 + l2 = 357
 (100 + 256 + 1)l2 = 357  l = 1 or – 1  3  5  3   2  5  2   2  4  2   0
Q is (–9, 20, 4) or (11, – 12, 2)    1 and thus the position vector of L is
Hence a + a + a = 15 or 1
 1  2  3  3iˆ  5ˆj  9kˆ
36. Let OA  a, OB  b, OC  c , then 41. Let the position vector of Q, the image of P in the
         
a.a  (b  c).(b  c)  b.b  (c  a).(c  a) given line be x ˆi  y ˆj  z kˆ , then L is the mid-point
1 1 1
       of PQ.
 2b.c  2c.a  (a  b).c  0 or [Link]  0
Hence, AB  OC ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ  x ˆi  y ˆj  z kˆ
 3iˆ  5ˆj  9kˆ  1 1 1
Similarly, BC  OA and CA  OB 2
37. Take OB as X-axis. we have B  4 2, 0, 0 ,  1
x 1  y 2
 3, 1  5, 1
z 3
9
2 2 2

A   0, 0, 2  and C  2 2, 2 6, 0 . 
 x1  5, y1  8, z1  15
 image of P in the line is (5, 8, 15)
 
Mid point of OB is 2 2, 0, 0 , Mid point of BC
42. Area of the
 
is 3 2, 6, 0 , hence the direction ratios of the 1   1
PLA  PL AL  2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ 3iˆ  2jˆ  2kˆ
2 2
lines be 2 2 : 0 : 2 and 3 2 : 10 : 0
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 1 7 17
 4  9  36 9  4  4  sq. uints.
2 2
38. Consider line passing through P 1, 2, 3  43. Let P(x, y, z) be any point on the locus then 3PA =
x 1 y  2 z  3 2
2PB  9  PA   4  PB 
2
  
2 3 4
2 2 2
Q on line Q  2  1, 3  2, 4  3  is also lying  9  x  2    y  2    z  3    4
 
on plane.
 x  13 2   y  3 2   z  132 
1  
 21   3 2   4 3  5 5  1 
5  5  x 2  y 2  z 2   140x  60y  50z  1235  0
2 2 2 29
PQ   2    3    4    x 2  y 2  z 2  28x  12y  10z  247  0
5 44. The required coordinates are
39. Normal to plane.
ˆi ˆj
 2 13  3  2  2   3  3  2  2 13  3  3 
kˆ  , , 
0  3 z 1 4  2   1 0 ˆi  1 2 ˆj  9 kˆ  23 23 23 
3 4 2 = (4, 0, 7)
45. Direction ratios of AB are 13+2, -3-2, 13-3
Equation of plane is i.e. 15, -5, 10
10  x  0   12  y  2   9  z  4   0 Let the equation of the required line L be
10x  12y  24  9z  36  0 x  2 y2 z 3
 
10x  12y  9z  60  0 l m n

PINEGROVE 219
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

then 15l  5m  10n  0 which satisfied by (c)  x  1  7  y  2   5  z  1  0

46. The equation of plane is 3x  y  2z  7  0 . Let
 x  7y  5z  10  0
the line segment AB cuts the plane in the ratio  :1 The distance of the point (1,1,1) from the plane
 1 6  4   5  1  7  5  10 13
 C , ,  on 3x  y  2z  7   unit.
  1  1  1  1  49  25 75
 1   6  4  5 10 PASSAGE:
3 
    2   1   7  To find the equation of L1 and L2 in symmetrical
  1    1    11 form:
47. As A and P are on same side of the plane , the L1 : x = 0, cy + bz – bc = 0
value of 3 x  y  2 z  7 has same sign at A and P.. If d·r's of L1 be a1, b1, c1 then 1 · a1 + 0 · b1 + 0
· c1 = 0 and 0 · a1 + c · b1 + b · c1 = 0, so
 3   2  1    2    1  7  0
a 1 b1 c1
or 3 2    6  0    d·r's of L1 will be 0, – b, c.
0 b c
 1  73  73  1  For any point on L1, let z = 0, so the point will be
   
     0 (0, b, 0)
 6  6  Equation of L1 in symmetrical form will be
 1  73   1  73  x yb z
 ,  ,   
    
   
 0 b c
 6   6  Similarly, equation of L2 in symmetrical form will
48. The equations of given lines in vector forms may
be written as xa y z
be  
 a 0 c
  
L1 : r  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ   3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ  51. Equation of plane 'P' will be

  
and L 2 : r  2iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ   ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ  x yb z
0 b c = 0
Since, the vector perpendicular to both L1 and L 2 a 0 c
ˆi ˆj kˆ  – bc · x + ac (y – b) + ab · z = 0
 3 1 2  ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ x y z
 required unit vector    1 = 0
1 2 3 a b c
 Option (D) is correct.
52. Vector equation of L1 and L2 is

 
ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ
1 L :
 
r  p  

q
 ˆ ˆ
1  r  bj   (  bj  ck̂ ) and
2 2 2 =   ˆ
i  7 ˆ
j  ˆ
5k  1
 
1
 
 1   7    5  5 3 L2 : r  p 2  µq 2  r  a î  µ(a î  ck̂ )
49. The shortest distance between L1 and L 2 is Now shortest distance between L1 and L2
a b 0
   
2   1 ˆi   2  2 ˆj   3   1  kˆ . ˆi  7jˆ  5kˆ
0 b c
   
5 3 [p  p q q ] a 0 c 1
= 1  2 1 2 = =
| q1  q 2 | 2 2
(bc)  (ac)  (ab) 2 4


 ˆ ˆ  ˆ
3i  4k . i  7 j  5k ˆ  ˆ

17
unit (given)
5 3 5 3
2abc 1
 =
50. The equation of the plane passing through the point 4
(bc) 2  (ac) 2  (ab) 2
 1, 2, 1 and whose normal is prependiuclr to
(bc) 2  (ac) 2  (ab) 2
the both the given lines L1 and L 2 may be written  = 64
as a 2 b 2c 2

220 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

1 1 1  2x – 2y + z = 1 ......(1)
Hence   = 64 1
a 2 b2 c2 1
Distance of origin from (1) is = Ans.(i)
 Option (B) is correct. 9 3
53. Given : a = b = c = 1 \ normal line of the plane P
4 16 16
x 1 y z Finally AP =   = 4 = 2 Ans.(ii)
from A(1, 0, 0) is   9 9 9
1 1 1
ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
x 1 y z 58. If the points are collinear then it will not form a
   = l (say)
1 1 1 unique plane.
Any point B on the line will be B(1 – l, l, l)
23 2 1
If this point be image of A in plane P then mid 59. sin   
point C of AB lane P 494 3 51
   60. is the correct option because D.R’s of normal to
1 4  1 4 4  the plane are (0, 1, 1) which implies that normal to
2  2  2  1  0 l = B , ,  the plane is also normal to x-axis. Hence plane and
1 1 1 3  3 3 3
x-axis are parallel.
81 61. AB  3 2, BC  3 2, CD  3 2, DA  3 2
Hence BM = = 3  Option (C) is correct.
9
54,55,56  2 2
AC   2  2    9  11  12  8 
2

x 1 y z  1  36  6
We have   = t (say)
2 1 2
Now AP  2 t î  ( t  1)ˆj  2( t  1)k̂  2 2
and BD  1  1   8  12    8  12 
2

 1  36  6
As AP ·V  0  t = Hence, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC=BD.
3
2 1 Then, it is a square not a rhombus.
Again a1 + 1 =  a1 = 62. Algebraic distance of (2, 1, 5) from the plane
3 3
2x  2y  2z  1  0 is
2 5
a2 + 1 =  a2 = 2  2   2 1  2  5   1 5
3 3 
2 5  2 2  2 2   2 2 2 3 ....(i)
a3 + 1 =  a3 =
3 3 and algebraic distance of (3, 4, 3) from the plane
 1  5  5  2x  2y  2z  1  0 is
Hence Q is  , , 
 3 3 3  2  3  2  4   2  3  1 7

Hence OQ =
1 25 25
 
9 9 9
=
17
3
 2 2 2
  2    2 
2
 2 3 .... (ii)

Ans.(iii) Since Eqs. (i) and (ii) are of opposite sign.

Equation of the plane containing the point A and L Hence, points (2, 1, 5) and (3, 4, 3) lie on
 opposite side of the plane 2x+2y–2z–1=0
is given by [PA, RA V] = 0 63. Given planes are 3x -6y – 2z = 15 and
2x + y – 2z = 5, For z = 0, we get x = 3, y = -1
x 1 y 1 z 1
Direction ratios of planes are  3, 6, 2  and
 0 1 2 =0
2 1 2  2,1, 2  ,Then the DR’s of line of intersection of
 (x – 1)(x – 2) + 22( y  1)  (z  1)  = 0 planes is 14, 2,15  and line is
 – 4(x – 1) + 4(y – 1) – 2(z – 1) = 0 x  3 y 1 z  0
   (say)
 2(x – 1) – 2(y – 1) + (z – 1) = 0 14 2 15

PINEGROVE 221
 3D GEOMETRY JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 x  14  3, y  2  1, z  15 10 10
66. (A) 
Hence, statement 1 is false But statement 2 is true. 9  36  4 7
MATRIX-MATCHING 3  3  6  6  2  2  10 13
64. Let O(0,0,0), A(3,4,7) and B(5,2,6) be the given (B) 
point 7 7
1 3  2  6   3   2  6  10 46
Area of OAB  [Link] sin(AOB) (C) 
2 7 7
3   6   6  2   2  3   10
14
Now, OA  32  42  72  74 (D) 2 
7 7
OB  52  22  62  65 67. (A)   2  3   1 2    2  6   20  0
Also D.c’s of the line OA and OB are
Bisectors are
3 4 7 5 2 6
 , , and , ,  2x  y  2z  3  3x  2y  6z  8
74 74 74 65 65 65 
 Required area  2 2   12   2 2  32   2 2   6 2
1 3 3 or 7 (2x–y+2z+3) = ± 3(3x–2y+6z+8)
 74  65   65 Acute angle bisector is
2 74 2
7  2x  y  2z  3  3  3x  2y  6z  8 
d
(B) Distance =  23x  13y  32z  45  0 and obtuse angle bisector is
a 2  b2  c2 7  2x  y  2z  3  3  3x  2y  6z  8 
(C) Let the given points be A, B and C respectively.
Then find AB, AC, BC and then apply  5x  y  4z  3  0 A : 23x –13y + 32z + 45 = 0
AB 2  AC 2  BC 2 then solve for the  . and O : 5x–y–4z–3 = 0
(B) The given planes can be written as
(D)Any point on the line is (1  r, r  1, r)
The direction ratio of the line joining (1, 3, 4) & (1  x  2y  2z  3  0 and 2x  3y  6z  8  0
–r, r + 1, r) is –r, r–2, r–4   1 2    2  3   2  6   2  6  12  20  0
(1)(r)  1.(r  2)  (r  4)  0 Bisectors are,
r  r  2 r  4  0, 3r  6  r  2  x  2y  2z  3  2x  3y  6z  8
 Foot of the perpendicular is (–1, 3, +2) 
2 2 2
2
 1   2    2  22   32   62
 distance (2)  0  4  2 2  d  2 2
 7   x  2y  2z  3  3  2x  3y  6z  8 
d 2 2 2 Acute angle bisector is
 
2 3 2 3 3 7   x  2y  2z  3  3  2x  3y  6z  8 
65. The solid diagonals may be taken as the lines joing
(0, 0, 0), (a, a, a) and (a, a, 0) and 13x  23y  32z  3  0
(0, 0, a). The direction ratios wil be and obtuse bisector is
a, a, a; a, a, –a. 7   x  2y  2z  3  3  2x  3y  6z  8 
2 2 2
a a a 1 1  x  5y  4z  45  0
 cos      cos 1
2 2 3  A :13x  23y  32z  3  0
3a  3a 3
Let us take the solid diagonal as the one joining (0, and O : x  5y  4z  45  0
0, 0), (a, a, a) and plane diagonal as joining (C) The given planes can be written as
(0, 0, 0) and (a, a, 0). We easily get the angle as 2x  y  2z  3  0 and 6x  2y  3z  8  0
2   2  6   1 2    2  3  20  0
cos  1 .
6 Bisectors are
1
The third part is easily found as cos 1    2x  y  2z  3 
 6x  2y  3z  8
2
2 2 2
(D) cos   cos   cos   1
 2 2 2
 1   2 
2
  6 2 2
  2    3
2

  1  7  2x  y  2z  3  3  6x  2y  3z  8 
cos 2  cos 2  cos 2   1 , cos    Acute angle bisector is
4 3 2
1 7  2x  y  2z  3  3  6x  2y  3z  8 
  cos 1  
2
222 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D GEOMETRY

 32x  13y  23z  3  0 AC  b

and obtuse bisector is Distance of C from the line is b
7  2x  y  2z  3  3  6x  2y  3z  8 
 4x  y  5z  45  0 13i  2k    6i  j  2k  2i  14 j  13k 369
=   3
A:32x+13y–23z–3 = 0 41 41 41
and O:4x–y+5z–45=0 72. Any point on the first line in symmetrical form is (3r
INTEGER QUESTIONS – 4, 5r – 6, –2r + 1). If the lines are coplanar, this
point must lie on both the planes which determine
 (1)  1 3 the second line.
68. We must have  0   3
 1
69. The coordinates of the projections of A, B, C on  3  3r  4   2  5r  6   2r  1  5  0 ….(i)
the yz-plane are (0, 2, 3), (0, -1, 1) and and 2  3r  4   3  5r  6   4  2r  1  k  0 ..(ii)
(0, 2, -4) respectively From Eq. (i) we get ,r = 2

 x = area of projection of ABC on yz-plane Now substituting r = 2 in Eq. (ii), then k = 4
x y z
2 3 1 73 The equations of y-axis are   ,
1 21 0 1 0
 | 1 1 1 |  sq. unit Any point N on y-axis is (0, r, 0) ….(i)
2 2 The direction cosines of the line PN
2 4 1
are 0–4, r–3, 0 – 5 ie, –4, r–3, –5 ….(ii)
Similarly, the projection of A, B and C on zx and Let N be the foot of the perpendicular from P to y-
xy-planes are (1, 0, 3), (2, 0, 1), (1, 0, -4) and axis, then PN is ^ to the y-axis whose direction
(1, 2, 0), (2, -1, 0), (1, 2, 0) respectively Also, Let cosines are 0, 1, 0 and so from Eq. (ii), we have
 y and  z be teh areas of the projection of the  0.  4   1.  r  3  0.  5   0  r=3
ABC on zx and xy-planes respectively. From Eq. (i) the coordinates of N are (0, 3, 0)
1 3 1 Required distance = PN
1 7
Then,  y  2 | 2 1 1|
2   4  0  2   3  32   5  0 2  41 unit
1 4 1
1 2 1 5 2
1   41  5
and  z  | 2 1 1 |  0 41
2 x y b z xa y z
1 2 1 74. The lines are   and  
0 b c a 0 c
2 2 2
 The required area   x   y   z  bj  ck    ai  ck   bci  caj  abk
2 2
 21   7  2 7 bci  caj  abk
        0  10 sq unit n
b2 c 2  c 2 a 2  a 2b 2
 2  2 2
2 The points on the lines are a  bj, c  ai
7
 10 sq unit  7    2abc
2
70. Plane must pass through
10  c  a  ai  bj  L  n. c  a    a b  b2 c2  c2 a2
2 2

 1  3 5 1 7 1   1 1 1
L2  2  2  2

 , ,  or ( 1, 3, 3) 4
 2 2 2  a b c 
 1  3  2  3      8.
71. The d.r ’s of the line are given by
 m n
l  2m  2n  0, l  3n  0   
6 1 2
Taking y  0 , we get
x  2 z  4, x  3 z  11  x  10, z  7
x  10 y z  7
The line is   b  6i  j  2k
6 1 2

PINEGROVE 223
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

DIRECTION COSINES AND DIRECTION RATIOS

W.E-2: If  ,  ,  are the angles made by a line
SYNOPSIS
with coordinate axes then
Direction Cosines of a Directed Line: cos  2   cos  2    cos  2   1 
 If a directed line ‘L’ passing through the origin Sol : cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  1
‘O’ makes angles  ,  and  with the positive
 2cos 2   1  2cos 2   1  2cos 2   1  1
direction of axes
    2  cos 2   cos 2   cos 2    2  2 1  2  0
OX , OY , OZ respectively , called directed
angles,then cosine of these angles namely Direction ratios of a line :
cos  , cos  , and cos  are called “direction  Any three real numbers which are proportional to
cosines” of the directed line ‘L’ the direction cosines of line are called direction
Direction cosines of a line are denoted by ratios(d.r’s) of a line. They are denoted by (a,b,c).
( l , m, n ),where l =cos ,m=cos , n  cos  For any line, if (a,b,c) are d.r’s of a line then
Direction cosines of axes : a,b,c,  0 is also set of direction ratios
 Relation between direction ratios and
i) D.c ' s of X  axis are  cos 00 ,cos900 ,cos900  direction cosines:
 1, 0, 0   Let (a,b,c) be direction ratios and ( l , m, n ) be
ii) D.c ' s of Y  axis are  cos 900 , cos 00 ,cos90 0  direction cosines of a line. Then
l m n 1
  0,1, 0    
a b c a  b2  c 2
2

iii) D.c ' s of Z  axis are  cos 900 , cos 900 ,cos00 
a b c
l  , m , n 
  0, 0,1 a2 b2 c2 l2 m2 n2 a2 b2 c2
Relation between direction cosines of a Direction ratios and direction cosines of
line : a line segment:
 If ( l , m, n ) are d.c’s of a line then  i) The direction ratios of the line segment joining
i) l 2  m 2  n 2  1 A  x1 , y1 , z1  and B  x2 , y2 , z2  may be taken
ii) cos 2   cos 2   cos 2  1 as  x2  x1 , y2  y1 , z2  z1  or
iii) sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   2  x1  x2 , y1  y2 , z1  z2 
iv) cos 2  cos 2   cos2  1 ii) Direction cosines of line segment joining
W.E-1 : If the angles made by a straight line with
A  x1 , y1 , z1  and B  x2 , y2 , z2  are

X, Y, Z - axes are  ,   ,  respectively then
2  x -x y -y z -z 
 2 1 , 2 1 , 2 1 
  AB AB AB 
Sol : Since l 2  m 2  n 2  1 , we have iii) A line has two sets of d.c’s. If ( l , m, n ) is one set
  then other set is ( l ,  m,  n )
cos 2   cos 2    2
  cos   1
2  Co-ordinates of a point on directed line:
cos 2   sin 2   cos 2   1 1  cos 2   1 ,  If ( l , m, n )are the d.c’s of OP where ‘O’ is the

cos 2   0 ,     / 2 origin and OP = r then P   lr , mr , nr 

224 PINEGROVE
JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

Lagrange’s identity: W.E - 4 : If O = (0, 0, 0), P = (4, 3, -5), Q = (-2, 1, -8),

2 a
 l 2
1  m12  n12  l22  m22  n22    l1l2  mm
1 2  n1n2 
cos POQ 
b c
and b > c then b - c =
2 2
  l1m2  l2 m1    m1n2  m2 n1    n1l2  n2l1 
2
Sol :D.r’s of OP = (4,3,-5) =  a1 , b1 , c1 
Angle between two lines: D.r’s of OQ = (-2,1,-8) =  a2 , b2 , c2 
 i) If  is acute angle between two lines whose a1 a 2  b1b2  c1c 2
direction cosines are cos  
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b22  c 22
 l1 , m1 , n1  and  l2 , m2 , n2  then  8  3  40
cos PO Q 
50 . 69
a) cos   l1l2  m1m2  n1n2  b - c = 69 - 50,  b - c = 19
2
Condition for the lines are perpendicular,
b) sin     l1m2  l2 m1  parallel:
ii) If ' ' is acute angle between the lines whose  i)  l1 , m1 , n1  and  l2 , m2 , n2  are d.c’s of two lines.
direction ratios are Then
 a b c  and  a b c  respectively then a) The lines are perpendicular iff
1, 1, 1 2, 2, 2
l1l2  m1m2  n1n2  0
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2 l m n
cos   b) The lines are parallel iff l  m  n
1 1 1

a12  b12  c12 a22  b22  c22 2 2 2

ii) Let  a1 , b1 , c1  and  a2 , b2 , c2  be d.r’s of two

iii) If  l1 , m1 , n1  and  l2 , m2 , n2  are direction
lines. Then
cosines of two intersecting lines then the d.c’s
a) The lines are perpendicular if
of the lines bisecting angle between them
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
are proportional to ( l1  l2 , m1  m2 , n1  n2 )
a1 b1 c1
iv) D.c’s of angular bisectors are b) The lines are parallel if f a  b  c
2 2 2
l1  l 2 m  m2 n  n2 
, 1 , 1
2 cos  / 2 2 cos  / 2 2 cos  / 2  iii) If the d.c’s  l , m, n  of two lines are

l1  l 2 m  m2 n  n 2  Where  is connected by the relations
, 1 , 1
2 sin  / 2 2 sin  / 2 2 sin  / 2 
al  bm  cn  0 and fmn  gnl  hlm  0 , then
angle between the lines the lines are

W.E-3 : The d.c's of two lines are

3 1 3
, , and f g h
4 4 2 a) perpendicular if   0
a b c
3 1
, , k . If the angle between the lines is b) parallel if af  bg  ch  0
4 4
120o then k = (EAMCET 2008) iv) If the d.c’s  l , m, n  of two lines are
Sol : cos   l1l2  m1m2  n1n2 connected by the relations
al  bm  cn  0 and ul 2  vm 2  wn 2  0 , then
3 1 3 the lines are
cos1200    k
16 16 2 2
a) perpendicular if a  v  w  0
1 1 3  3
   k , k a2 b2 c2
2 4 2 2 b) parallel if   0
u v w

PINEGROVE 225
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

W.E-5: A = (1, 2, 3), B = (4, 5, 7), C = (-4, 3, -6), l , R be the projection of A on BN and ‘  ’ is
D = (2, k, 2) are four points. If the lines AB  
angle made by AB with PQ
and CD are parallel then k =
 i) If ‘  ’ is acute angle then MN is projection of AB
Sol :D.r’s of AB = (3, 3, 4) =  a1 , b1 , c1 
 on l
D.r’s of CD   6, k  3,8    a2 , b2 , c2  ii) If ‘  ’ is obtuse angle then -MN is projection of
a b c AB on l
1 1 1
The condition is a  b  c iii) The Projection of AB on the line ‘ l ’ is AB Cos
2 2 2

3 3 4 1 3
     iv) Length of projection of the line segment
6 k 3 8 2 k 3  k  9 joining two points .
W.E -6: If AB  BC , then the value of k ,
A  x1 , y1 , z1  , B  x2 , y2 , z2  on a line whose
where A(2k,2,3), B(k,1,5),C(3+k,2,1)
 direction cosines are given by ( l , m, n ) is
Sol: D.r’s of AB    k , 1, 2    a1 , b1 , c1 
 l (x2  x1 )  m( y2  y1 )  n(z2  z1 )
D.r’s of BC   3,1, 4    a2 , b2 , c2 
v) Length of projection of the line segment joining
Given AB  BC ,  a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 two given points A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
 - 3k - 1 - 8 =0  k = -3
W.E-7: If the d.r’s of two lines are given by the B( x2 , y2 , z2 ) on
equations 2l  m  2n  0 and mn  nl  lm  0 (a) X- axis is p  x2  x1
then the angle between the two lines is
Sol: Here f  1, g  1, h  1, a  2, b  1, c  2 (b) Y- axis is q  y2  y1
f g h 1 1 1 (c) Z- axis is r  z2  z1
      0,   90 0
a b c 2 1 2 2 2
W.E-8: If the d.c’s of two parallel lines are given (d) XY- plane is d1   x2  x1    y2  y1 
by 2l  3m  k n  0 and l 2  m 2  5n 2  0 2 2
then the values of k are (e) YZ- plane is d2   y2  y1    z2  z1 
Sol: Here a  2, b  3, c  k , u  1, v  1, w  5 2 2
2
a b c 2 2 (f) ZX- plane is d3   x2  x1    z2  z1 
Lines are parallel    0
u v w (g) d12  p 2  q 2 , d 22  q 2  r 2 , d32  p 2  r 2
4 9 k2 d12  d 22  d 32  2  p 2  q 2  r 2 
    0  k 2  25  k   5
1 1 5
d12  d 22  d 32
Length of projection: (h)
2
AB 2  p 2  q 2  r 2 AB 
2
B

 W.E-9 : If the projections of the line segment AB

on the coordinate planes are 2, k, 6 and
 7
A R AB  then k 2  k  1 
2
Sol : Here d1  2, d 2  k , d3  6
P
M l N
Q
2 d12  d 22  d 32
  AB 
2
Let A, B are two points, l  PQ be directed line
and M, N be the projection of A, B on 49 4  k 2  36
  k 2  9  k  3 k 2  k 1  7
2 2

226 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

W.E- 10 : If the projections of the line segment Some standard results:

AB on the yz-plane, zx-plane, xy-plane are  i) D.c’s of line equally inclined with coordinate
160 , 153 , 5 respectively then the  1 1 1 
projection of AB on the z-axis is axes are   , , 
 3 3 3
Sol: Here
ii) a) Angle between any two diagonals of a cube
d1  160, d 2  153, d3  5
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 `is cos  
d  q  r  160, d  r  p  153,
1 2
3  
b) The angle between a diagonal of a cube a n d
d 2  d 22  d 32
2 2 2
d  p  q  25 p  q  r  1
2
3
2 2
2
2 the diagonal of a face of the cube is Cos
1

3
160  153  25
25  r 2   169  r 2  144  r  12 iii) If a variable line in two adjacent positions
2
has direction cosines
Areas :
iv)  l , m, n  ,  l   l , m   m, n   l  and  is
 i) If A  x1 , y1 , z1  , B  x2 , y2 , z2  , C  x3 , y3 , z3 
the angle between the two positions then
are the vertices of triangle ABC then area of 2 2 2 2

1
  l     m    n   
ABC  AB  AC v) If a,b,c are the lengths of the sides of a
2
rectangular parallelopiped then angle
ii) If A  x1 , y1 , z1  , B  x2 , y2 , z2  , C  x3 , y3 , z3  between any two diagonals is given by
and D  x4 , y4 , z4  then  a 2  b2  c 2 
cos 1  2 2 2  , (In numerator all the three
a) Area of parallelogram  a b c 
1     terms not have the same sign)
ABCD  AC  BD  AB  AD
2 vi) If a line makes angles  ,  ,  ,  with the four
b) Area of plane quadrilateral diagonals of a cube then
1   4
ABCD  AC  BD cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   cos 2  
2 3
W.E-11 : If A 1, 1, 2  , B  2,1, 1 , C  3, 1, 2  are W.E-12: If a line makes angles 60o , 45o , 45o and 
vertices of a triangle then area of triangle with the four diagonals of a cube then
ABC is sin 2  
  
Sol : AB  OB  OA  i  2 j  3k 4
   Sol: cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   where
3
AC  OC  OA  2i
  60o ,   45o ,   45o ,   
i j k
  cos 2 600  cos 2 450  cos2 450  cos2  
4
AB  AC  1 2 3 3
2 0 0 1 1 1 4
    cos2  
4 2 2 3
 2  3 j  2k 
1
1    cos 2   ,
Area of  A B C  AB  AC 12
2
11
1  sin 2  
=  2  13  13 [Link] 12
2

PINEGROVE 227
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

7. The angle between the diagonals of the

EXERCISE - I (C.W) parallelogram formed by the points
D.C’S AND D.R’S OF LINES: (1, 2, 3),(-1, -2, -1), (2, 3, 2), (4, 7, 6) is
1. If  is an angle given by 1  7 
1) cos 1 7 2) cos  155 
 
cos 2   cos 2   cos 2 
cos   where  7   7 
sin 2   sin 2   sin 2  1
3) cos  465 
1
4) cos  
   465 
 ,  ,  are the angles made by a line with the
   8. If  is the angle between two lines whose d.r’ss
axes OX , OY , OZ respectively then the value
 
of  is are(1,-2,1) and (4,3,2) then sec 2   cos ec 2  =
   
    1
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2 2)  3) 2 2 4)
3 6 2 4 2 2
2. If the angles made by a line with the positive 9. If P   0,1, 2  , Q   4, 2,1 , O   0, 0, 0  then
directions of X and Y- axes are complementary
angles then the angle made by the line with POQ  (EAM-2001)
Z - axis is    
   1) 2) 3) 4)
6 4 3 2
1) 0 2) 3) 4)
3 4 2 10. If the line joining the points  k ,1, 2  ,  3, 4, 6 
3. Aline AB in three dimentional space makes
angles 450 and 1200 with the positive X-axis is parallel to the line joining the points
and the positive Y-axis respectively. If AB  4,3, 6  ,  5,12,l  then  k , l  
makes an acute angle  with the positive
1)  2,7  2)  0, 6  3)  0, 6  4)  2, 7 
Z -axis, then  is equal to (AIEEE-2010)
1) 300 2) 450 3) 600 4) 750 11. If the line joining the points  1, 2,3 ,  2, 1, 4 
4. The dc’s of the line passing through P  2,3, 1 is perpendicular to the line joining the points
and the origin are (EAM - 2005)  x,2,4 ,1,2,3 then x
 2 3 1   2 3 1  3 10
1)  , ,  2)  , ,  1) 3 2) 10 4)3)
 14 14 14   14 14 14  10 3
12. OX, OY are positive X-axis, positive Y-axis
 2 3 1   2 3 1  respectively where O = (0, 0, 0). The d.c's of
3)  , ,  4)  14` , 14 , 14 
 14 14 14    the line which bisects  XOY are

5. If P   3, 4, 12  then the d.c’s of OP aree 1) (1, 1, 0) 2)
 1
 ,
1   1
, 0  3)  , 0,
1 
 4) (0, 0, 1)
 2 2   2 2
 3 4 12  13. The dc’s  l , m, n  of two lines are connected by
1)  , ,   2)  6, 6, 3
 13 13 13  the relations l  m  n  0, lm  0 then the
 2 3 6 angle between the lines is
3)   , ,  4)  2, 2, 1
 7 7 7    
1) 2) 3) 4)
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES 3 4 2 6
6. The projections of a vector on the three 14. The acute angle between the two lines whose
coordinate axes are 6,-3 and 2 respectively. d.r’s are given by the equations l  m  n  0 and
The dc’s of the vector are (AIEEE 2009) l 2  m 2  n 2  0 is (EAMCET 2002,2006)
1) (6,-3,2) 2) (6/5,-3/5,2/5)   
3) (6/7,-3/7,2/7) 4) (-6/7,-3/7,2/7) 1) 0 2) 3) 4)
6 4 3

228 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

15. The dr’s of two lines are given by a  b  c  0 , 1 1

 cos 2    cos      600 or 1200
2ab  2ac  bc  0 . Then the angle between 4 2
the lines is (EAM-2001) 4. D.r’s of OP = (2,3,-1)
    2 3 1 
1)  2)3) 4) , ,
3 2 6 D.c’s of OP =  
 14 14 14 
16. The projection of the join of the points
 3, 4, 2  ,  5,1,8 on the line whose d.c’s aree 5. P   3, 4,  12 

2 3 6 a 2  b 2  c 2  9  16  144  13
 ,  ,  is
7 7 7  3 4 12 
D.c’s of OP are  , , 
46 42 38  13 13 13 
1) 7 2) 3) 4)
13 13 13 6. (a,b,c) =  x2  x1 , y2  y1 , z2  z1  = (6,-3,2)
17. A  x1 , y1 , z1  and B  x2 , y2 , z2  are two points. If
 l, m,n are the d.c's of CD and  6 3 2 
(l , m, n)   , , 
l x2  x1   m y2  y1   n z 2  z1   0 then the 7 7 7
cosine of the angle between the lines AB and 7. D.r’s of AC = (1,1,-1), D.r’s of BD = (5,9,7)
CD is 597  7 
1) 90o 2) 1 3) 0 4) 1/2 cos      cos 1  
3. 155  465 
PROJECTIONS
 8. a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0    90o
18. If the projections of the line segment PQ on
 
the axes are 3, 4,12 then the length of PQ is  sec  cos ec  2  2  2 2
2 2
1) 12 2) 13 3) 50 4) 2 5  
9. D.r’s of OP are  0,1, 2  ; D.r’s of OQ are
19. If A = (3, 1, -2), B = (-1, 0, 1) and l ,m are the
projections of AB on the Y-axis, ZX-plane  4, 2,1
respectively then 3l 2  m  1  022
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 9 cos POQ  0
0  1  4 16  4  1
Areas:
20. The area of the triangle formed by the points 
 POQ 
(2, 3, 5), (-1, 3, 2) and (3, 5, -2) is 2
1) 18 2 2) 9 3) 18 4) 9 2 10. D.r’s of a line joining  k ,1, 2  ,  3, 4, 6  are
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY
1) 1 2) 4 3) 3 4) 3 5) 1 6) 3 7) 3  3  k ,3, 4 
8) 3 9) 4 10) 2 11) 4 12) 2 13) 1 14) 4 D.r’s of a line joining  4,3, 6  ,  5,12,l  are
15) 2 16) 1 17)3 18) 2 19) 1 20) 4
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS  9,9, l  6 
1 Since these two lines are parallel
1. cos  
2 3 k 3 4
  ,  k  0, l  6
2.       90   0 9 9 l6

cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1   900 11. D.r’s of the line joining  1, 2,3 ,  2, 1, 4  are
3. We know that cos 2 450  cos 2 1200  cos 2   1 ( 3, 3,1 )
1 1 D.r’s of the line joining  x, 2, 4  , 1, 2,3 are
   cos 2   1
2 4

PINEGROVE 229
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

1  x, 4, 1 EXERCISE - I (H.W)

The two lines are perpendicular
10 D.C’S AND D.R’S OF LINES:
 3 1  x   12  1  0 ,  x  
3
 5
12. cos 45o , cos 45o , cos 90o 1. If a line makes angles , with OY, OZ
12 12
13. D.r’s of two lines are (0, 1,1) and ( 1, 0,1) , respectively where O = (0, 0,0) then the angle
made by that line with OX is
1 
 cos     1) 45o 2) 90o 3) 60o 4)30o
2 3
14. Solve the given two equations for the d.r’s of the 
lines and use cos formula 2. If a line makes angle of with the positive
4
15. a  b  c  0  1 direction of each of X-axis and Y-axis, then
the angle that the line makes with the positive
2ab  2ac  bc  0   2 direction of the Z-axis is (AIEEE 2007)
 2a  b  c   bc  0 , [ a   b  c  ]    
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 3 4 2
b
  b  2c  2b  c   0  c  2b or  3. If A = (4, 3, 1) and B = (-2, 1, -2) then the angle
2 made by the line AB with OZ where
If c  2b  a  b  2b  0  a  b O = (0, 0, 0) is
a : b : c = 1: 1 : -2  
1   3 1 40
b b b 1) sin  7  2) tan  3 
If c   then a  b   0 ,  a      
2 2 2
1  3 3
b b 3) cos  49  4)
a: b: c  : b :  [Link] 11: 2:1   7
2 2
If  is an angle between the lines then  2 6 3
4. If OP = 21 and D.c’s of OP are  , ,  
7 7 7
cos  
11  1 2    2 1
then P =
11 4 1 4 1
1)  6, 12, 4  2)  6,18, 9 
1 2 
    or
2 3 3 3 
3)  , 6, 2  4)  5, 10, 6 
2 3 6  2 
16. Projection  7  5  3   7 1  4   7  8  2 
5. If OA is equally inclined to OX, OY and OZ
1 and if A is 3 units from the origin then A is
 4  9  36  7
7 (EAM-2006)
17.   90o  cos   0 1) (3, 3, 3) 2) (-1, 1, -1)
3) (-1, 1, 1) 4) (1, 1, 1)
18. PQ  9  16  144  169  13
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
19. l  y  y ;
1 2 6. If A, B, C are the points (0, 4,1), (2, 3, -1),
2 2 
m  x1  x2    z1  z2  (4, 5, 0) respectively, then angle between AB

  and BC is
AB  AC
20. Triangle area = 2    
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 3 2 4

230 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

7. The angle between the lines whose direction 14. The acute angle between the two lines whose
dc’s are given by l  m  n  0 and
 3 1 3  3 1  3
cosines are  4 , 4 , 2  and  4 , 4 , 2  is l 2  m 2  n 2  0 is ( EAM-2002)
   
  
   1) 0 2) 3) 4)
1)  2) 3) 4) 6 4 3
2 3 4 15. The angle between the lines whose dc’s satisfy
8. If (2, 1, 3) and (-1, 2, 4) are the extremities of the equations l  m  n  0 and l 2  m 2  n 2 is
a diagonal of a rhombus then the d.r’s of the
(JEE MAIN-2014)
other diagonal are
1) (2, 3, -9) 2) (-2, 3, -9 )    
1) 2) 3) 4)
3) (1, -2, 4) 4) (2, 3,1) 6 2 3 4
9. The cosine of the angle A of the triangle with PROJECTIONS
vertices A 1, 1, 2  , B  6,11, 2  , 1, 2, 6  is 16. If the projections of the line segment AB on
63 36 16 13 the coordinate axes are 2, 3, 6 then the square
1) 2) 3) 4) of the sine of the angle made by AB with OY
65 65 65 64
where O = (0, 0, 0) is
10. If A  3, 4,5  , B  4, 6,3 , C  1, 2, 4  and 3 3 4 40
1) 2) 3) 4)
7 49 7 49
D 1, 0,5  are such that the angle between the
17. If P = (3, 4, 5), Q = (4, 6, 3),
 
lines DC and AB is  then cos   R = (-1, 2, 4) and S = (1, 0, 5) are four points
then the projection of RS on PQ is
2 4 5 7
1) 2) 3) 4) 8 4
9 9 9 9 1) 2) 3) 4 4) 0
3 3
11. The angle between the line passing through 18. The projection of the join of the two points
the points  3,1, 2  and  4, 0, 4  and the line 1, 4,5 ,  6, 7, 2  on the line whose d.r’s aree
passing through the points  4, 3,3 and  4,5, 6  is
 6, 2, 2  is 17 7 7
1) 2) 3) 21 4)
1  2  1  20  77 6 9
1) Cos   2) Cos   19. If the projections of the line segment AB on
 63   63 
the coordinate axes are 12, 3, k and AB
 
3) 4) = 13 then k 2  2k  3 
3 5
1) 0 2) 1 3) 11 4) 17
12. A   1, 2,  3  , B  5, 0,  6  and  0, 4, 1 are
the vertices of a triangle. The d.r’s of the Areas:
internal bisector of BAC are 20. If the vertices of a triangle are
1)  25, 8, 5 2)  5, 6,8  1,1,1 ,  4,1,1,  ,  4,5,1 , then the area of
triangle is
3)  25,8,5  4)  4, 7,9  1) 5 sq. unit 2) 6 sq. unit
13. If the dc’s of two lines are given by 3) 3 sq. unit 4) 2 sq. unit
l  m  n  0 , mn  2l n  lm  0 , then the EXERCISE-I (H.W)-KEY
angle between the lines is 1) 2 2) 4 3) 2 4) 2 5) 4 6) 3
   7) 3 8) 2 9) 2 10) 2 11) 3 12) 3
1) 2) 3) 4) 0 13) 3 14) 4 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1
4 3 2
19) 3 20) 2

PINEGROVE 231
DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

EXERCISE-I (H.W)-HINTS 12. D.r’s of BA =  5 1,0  2, 6  3 =  6, 2, 3

1. Use cos2   cos2   cos2   1
6 2 3
   D.c’s of BA are  7 ,  7 ,  7 
2. Given that   ,   ,   ?  
4 4
We know that D.r’s of CA are  0  1, 4  2, 1  3  1, 2, 2 

cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1 1 2 2

 D.c’s of CA are  3 , 3 , 3 
1 1   
   cos 2   1  cos 2   0     D.r’s of the internal bisector of BAC are
2 2 2
3. d.r’s of AB = (a, b, c)=(6,2,3)  6 1 2 2 3 2   25 8 5 
  ,   ,      , ,    25,8, 5 
c 3 40  7 3 7 3 7 3   21 21 21 
Cos   Tan 
2
a b c 2 2 7 3 f g h 1 2 1
13.      0
3 a b c 1 1 1
2 6 
4. P    21 ,  21 ,  21  =(6,18,-9) 
7 7 7   Angle between the lines 
2
5. If A  1,1,1 then OA  3 and
14. l  m  n  0  n  l  m l 2  m 2  n 2  0
AOX  AOY  AOZ 2
   l 2  m 2  1  m   0  2lm  0
6. D.r’s of AB are  2, 1, 2  and D.r’ss BC are
 l  0 or m  0 If l  0 then
422
 2, 2,1  cos   0 n  m  l : m : n  0 : m : n  0 :1:1 .
4 1 4 4  4  4 If m  0 then n  l  l : m : n  l : 0 : l  1: 0 :1
7. Use cos   1 2  m1m2  n1n2 0.1  1.0  1.1 1 
cos     
8. Diagonals of the rhombus are perpendicular. Use 2. 2 2 3
verification method.
  15. l  m  n  0  l    m  n   1
9. AB  5 i  12 ˆj , AC  3 ˆj  4 kˆ
  2 2
l 2  m2  n2   m  n   m  n
2

AB. AC 36
cos A      2mn  0  m  0 or n  0
| AB || AC | 65
 If m  0 then
10. D.r’s of DC are  2,  2,1  and l  n  l : m : n  n : 0 : n  1: 0 :1
 If n  0 then
D.r’s of AB are 1, 2, 2 
l  m  l : m : n  m : m : 0  [Link] 0
cos  
 2 1   2  2   1 2  
4 If  is the angle between the lines then
4  4 1 1 4  4 9
cos  
 1 1  0 1  1  0   1   

11. D’r’s of the line through  3,1, 2  4, 0  4  are 1 0 1 11 0 2 3
16. D.r’s of AB = (2, 3, 6) = (a, b, c)
1, 1, 2  b
D.r’s of the line through  4, 3,3 ,  6, 2, 2  are Use cos  
a  b2  c2
2

 2,1, 1 17. Use l  x2  x1   m  y2  y1   n  z2  z1 

Where (l,m,n) are d.c’s of PQ
 2 1  2 
1 1  1  
  Cos    Cos  2   3  4 5 6 
 6 6    18. D.c’s of the line are  77
,
77
, 
77 


232 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

P r o j e c t i o n 6. The vertices of a triangle are


4
 6  1 
5
7  4  
6
2  5  2,3,5  ,  1,3, 2  ,  3,5, 2 , then the angles
77 77 77 are
1 17 1) 300, 300, 1200
 20  15  18 
77 77 1  1 
0 1
 5
2) C os  5  , 90 , C os  3 
19. p, q, r = 12, 3, k    
Use AB 2  p 2  q 2  r 2 3) 300 , 600 ,900
20. Let A 1,1,1 , B  4,1,1 , C  4,5,1 1  1 
0 1
 2
AB 2  BC 2  CA 2 , ABC is a right angled 4) Cos  3  , 90 , Cos  3 
   
triangle. 7. If the d.c’s  l , m, n  of two lines are connected
Area of the triangle
by the relations lmn 0 ,
1 1
 [Link]   3 4  6 sq. unit 2lm  mn  2nl  0 then the d.c’s of the two
2 2
lines are
EXERCISE - I (C.W)  1 1  2   1 2 1 
1)  , , , , , 
D.C’S AND D.R’S OF LINES  16 6 6  6 6 6

1. A line makes angles  ,  ,  with the  1 2 3   1 3 4 

2)  , ,  ,  , , 
  14 14 14   26 26 26 
coordinate axes. If    then
2  1 2 3   1 3 4 
3)  , , , , , 
2
(cos   cos   cos  ) is equal to  14 14 14   26 26 26 
(1)1  sin 2 (2)1  cos 2  1 1 2   1 2 1 
4)  , , , , , 
(3)1  sin 2 (4)1  16 6 6   6 6 6 
2. A line OP where O = (0, 0, 0) makes equal 8. A  ( 1, 2, 3), B  (5, 0, 6), C  (0, 4, 1)
angles with OX, OY, OZ. The point on OP,
are the vertices of a triangle. The d.c’s of the
which is at a distance of 6 units from ‘O’ is
internal bisector of BAC are
 12 12 12 
1)  , , 
 3 3 3
2) 2 3,  2 3, 2 3   25
,
8
,
5 
1)  
 714 714 714 
3)  2 3, 2 3, 2 3  4) 6 3 , 6 3 , 6 3 
3. The d.r’s of the line x = ay + b, z = cy + d are  5 6 8 
2)  , , 
1) 1, a, c 2) a, 1, c  74 74 74 
3) b, 1, c 4) c, a, 1
 25 8 5 
Angle between two lines: 3)  , , 
 714 714 714 
4. If ( x,3,5) and (2, 1, 2) are d.r’s of two lines
and angle between the lines is 450 then the  5 6 8 
4)  , , 
values of x are  74 74 74 
1) 4, 52 2) 3,42 3) 4, 52 4) 3, 32 9. The foot of the perpendicular from  5, 7,3
5. If the dr’s of two lines are given by
to the join of  9,13,15  , 12, 21,10  is
3lm  4l n  mn  0 and l  2m  3n  0 then
the angle between the lines is 1)  2, 19, 7  2)  2,19, 7 
   
1) 2) 3) 4) 3)  2, 2,3 4)  9,13,15 
2 3 4 6

PINEGROVE 233
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

10. If a line makes angles  ,  ,  with positive  3  1,5  3, 2  2    4, 2, 4    2,1, 2 

axes, then the range of 
sin  sin   sin  sin   sin  sin  is D.r’s of CA are  3  2,5  3, 2  5  1, 2, 7 
 
 1  1  If  is an angle between AB, AC then
1)  ,1  2)  , 2 
 2  2  1 1
Cos      Cos 1
3)  1, 2  4)  1, 2 3 3
 
EXERCISE-II (C.W)-KEY If  is an angle between BC , AB then
1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1 6) 4 Cos   0    900
7) 1 8) 3 9) 4 10) 4  
EXERCISE-II (C.W)-HINTS If  is an angle between BC , CA then
 2
1.     Cos 1 Angles of the triangle are
2 3
cos2   cos2   cos2   1    900
1 2
2 2 Cos 1 ,900 , Cos 1
 cos   cos   cos     cos   sin   3 3
1 1 1 7. l  m  n  0  l  m  n
2. OP  6 ; d.c' sof OP   , ,    l, m, n
 3 3 3 2lm  mn  2nl  0
P = (lr, mr, nr)   m  n   nm  2n  m  n   0
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2
3. Use cos   2m 2  2nm  mn  2mn  2n 2  0
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c . a b c
1 1 1 2 2 2
 2m 2  5mn  2n 2  0
1 2x  7   2m  n  m  2n   0
4.  2
2 3 34  x 2  x  56 x  208  0
 2m  n  0 or m  2n  0
 x  4, 52 If 2m  n  0 then m  k , n  2k , l  k
5. l  2m  3n  0  l  2m  3n D.r’s of one line are  k , k , 2k   1,1, 2 
3lm  4 ln  nm  0
If m  2n  p then n  p, m  2 p, l  p
 3m  2m  3n   4n  2m  3n   mn  0
D.r’s of second line are  p, 2 p, p   1, 2,1
 6m 2  9mn  8mn  12n 2  mn  0
8. Bisector of A meets BC at D
 12n  6m  m   2n, l  2 2 n
2 2
  BD : DC  AB : AC  7 : 3
D.r’s of the lines are  15 28  25 
 D , , 
 10 10 10 
 2 
2  3, 2,1 2 2  3,  2,1 
 25 8 5 
 a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  d.r’s of AD   , ,  = (25, 8, 5)
 10 10 10 
 2 
2  3 2 2  3  2 1    25 8 5 
d.c’s of AD =  , , 
  714 714 714 
9  8  2  1  0 ,  Required angle  2
9. Let A  5, 7,3 , B  9,13,15  , C 12, 21,10 
6. Let A  2,3,5  , B  1,3, 2  , C  3,5, 2  Let P be the foot of the perpendicular from A to
 
D.r’s of AB are   1  2 , 3  3, 2  5   BC .
 
 3,0, 3  1,0,1 , D.r’s of BC are Let P divides BC in the ratio k :1

234 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

 9  12 k 13  21k 15  10 k 
P  , , 5. If the d.c’s  l , m, n  of two lines are connected

 1 k k 1 1 k  by the relations 2l  m  2n  0 and

 D.r’s of AP are mn  nl  lm  0 then the angle between the
 9  12 k 13  21k 15  10 k  lines is
  5,  7,  3
 1  k k  1 1  k     
 1) 2) 3) 4)
D.r’s of BC are 12  9, 21  13,10  15    3,8, 5  4 3 6 2
6. The triangle formed by the points
   3  9  12 k  5   8 13  21k  7 
AP  BC  1  k   1  k   4, 2, 4 10, 2, 2  ,  2, 0, 4 
is
1) Equilateral triangle 2) Right angled triangle
15  10k  3) Isosceles triangle
 5   3  0  k  0
 1 k  4) Right angled isosceles triangle
 Foot of the perpendicular, P   9,13,15  . 7. If the d.c’s  l , m, n  of two lines are connected
2 by the relations l  5m  3n  0 ,
10.  sin   sin   sin   0
7l 2  5m 2  3n 2  0 then the d.c’s of the two
and sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   sin  sin  lines are
 sin  sin   sin  sin   0  1 1 2   1 2 3 
But sin  , sin  , sin   0 1)  , , , , , 
 6 6 6   14 14 14 
EXERCISE (H.W)- II 1 2 3  1 3 4 
2)  , ,  ,  , , 
D.C’S AND D.R’S OF LINES:  14 14 14   26 26 26 
1. The d.r’s of the line AB are (6, -2, 9). If the  1 2 3   1 3 4 
line AB makes angles ,  with OY, OZ 3)  , , , , , 
 14 14 14   26 26 26 
respectively where O  0,0,0 then
sin 2   sin 2   (AIEEE 2004)  1 2 3   1 3 4 
4)  , , , , , 
77 32 85  14 14 14   26 26 26 
1) 2) 3) 77 4) 8. The d.r’s of the lines AB and AC are
121 121 121
2. A line makes the same angle  with each of (1, 2, -2) and (2, -3, 6). The d.r’s of a bisector
the x- axis and z- axis. It makes  angle with of the BAC are
1) 3, -1, -8 2) -1, 5, -8
Y- axis such that sin 2   3sin 2  then 3) 1, 23, -32 4) 1, 23, 32
cos 2  = 9. The foot of the perpendicular from 1, 2,3 to
2 1 3 4
1) 2) 3) 4) the line joining the points  6, 7, 7  and  9,9,5 
5 5 5 5
3. If O = (0, 0, 0), OP = 5 and the d.r’s of OP are is
(1, 2, 2) then Px  Py  Pz  1)  5,3,9  2)  3,5,9 
25 25  5 10 10  3)  3,9,5  4)  3,9,9 
1) 25 2) 3) 4)  3 , 3 , 3 
9 3  
10. If a line in the space makes angles
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES  ,  and  with the coordinate axes, then
4. D.r’s of two lines are  k ,3,5  and  2, 1, 2  . cos 2  cos 2   cos 2  sin 2  
If these lines include an angle 450, then k can
be sin 2   sin 2  
1) 4 2) 6 3) 0 4) 1 1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2

PINEGROVE 235
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY  ABC is an equilateral triangle

1) 1 2) 3 3) 3 4) 1 5) 4 6) 1 7. l  5m  3n  0  l  5m  3n
7) 1 8) 3 9) 2 10) 3 2
EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS 7l 2  5m 2  3n  0  7 1  5m  3n 
1. (a, b, c) = (6, -2, 9)
5m 2  3n 2  0
b c
Use cos  , cos   3m  2n  0, 2m  n  0
a2  b2  c2 a2  b2  c2
 6m 2  7 nm  2n 2  0
2. cos2   cos2   cos2   1
 2 cos 2   sin 2   2cos2   3sin2    3m  2n  2m  n   0

3  3m  2n  0, 2m  n  0
 c os 2  
5 If 2m  n  0 then m  k , n  2k , l  k
3. OP = r; OP d.c's = (l, m, n) ; P = (lr, mr,nr)
D.r’s of one line are  k , k , 2 k   1,1, 2 
cos 450 
 k  2    3 1   5 2 
4. p 2 p
k 2  9  25 4  1  4 If 3m  2n  0 then l  , m , n p
3 3

1 2k  7 D.r’s of second line are  p, 2 p,3 p   1, 2,3

 

2 3 k 2  34  D.c’s of two lines are
 1 1 2   1 2 3 
 9  k  34   2  2k  7   k  4
2 2
 , , , , , 
 6 6 6   14 14 14 
f g h 1 1 1 8. d.c’s of AB =  l1 , m1 , n1 
5.      0
a b c 2 1 2
 Angle = 900 d.c’s of AC =  l2 , m2 , n2 
6. Let A  4, 2, 4  , B 10, 2, 2  , C  2, 0, 4  d.r’s of bisector of BAC are

D.r’s of AB are  1, 0, 1  l1  l2 , m1  m2 , n1  n2 
 9. Any point on the line joining the given points can
D.r’s of BC are   4,1,1
 be taken as  6  3t , 7  2t , 7  2t 
D.r’s of CA are  1,1, 4 
  If it is the required foot of the perpendicular of
If  is an angle between AB, AC then
1, 2,3 we get
11  0  1   1  4 1
cos   
   600 3  5  3t   2  5  2t   2  4  2t   0  t  1
1  0  1 1  1  16 2
   Foot of the perpendicular
If  is an angle between BC , AC then
  6  3, 7  2, 7  2    3,5,9 
1 4  11   4  11
cos   
   600 10. cos 2  cos 2   cos 2  sin 2 
1 0 1 111 2
   sin 2   sin 2 
If  is an angle between AB, CA then
1 1  0 1   1  4  2 cos 2   1  2 cos 2   1  2 cos 2   1 
1
cos       600
1  1  16 1  0  1 2 1  cos 2   1  cos 2   1  cos 2 
Angles of the triangle are 600, 600, 600
 cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1

236 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

EXERCISE - III  2 a b 
 , ,  and other line with d.c’ss
 21 21 21 
1. A line makes acute angles    , 
with the coordinate axes such that  3 3 6 
 , ,  is 900 then a pair of
2  54 54 54 
cos  cos   cos  cos   and possible values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively
9
are
4 1) -1, 4 2) 4, 2 3) 4,1 4) -4,-2
cos  cos   then
9 7. If the dr’s of a line are 1   ,1   , 2  and it
cos   cos   cos  value is makes an angle 600 with the Y- axis then
25 5 5 2  is
1) 2) 3) 4)
9 9 3 3 1)1  3 2) 4  5 3) 2  2 5 4) 2  5
2. Let a line makes an angle ‘  ’ with X and 8. If the lengths of the sides of a rectangular
Z - axes and  with Y -axis. parallelopiped are 3, 2, 1 then the angle
between two diagonals out of four diagonals
If sin   3 sin  , then cos 2   is
3 5 2 1 1   6 1   2
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) cos  7  2) cos  3 
5 3 5 5    
3. The three lines with d.r’s 1  13 1   9
3) cos  14  4) cos  14 
(1,1, 2) ( 3 1,  3 1, 4) , ( 3 1, 3 1, 4)    
forms 9. P (1, 2, 2, ) Q (8,10,11) R (1, 2, 3) S (3, 5, 7) if
1) An equilateral triangle  denotes the length of projection of PQ on
2) A right angled triangle RS then 29 2  29 is equal to
3) An isosceles triangle
4) A right angled isosceles triangle 1) 8100 2) 8029 3) 8129 4)90
4. If O is the origin and the line OP of length r 10. If A = (2, 1,9), B = (-4, 1, -3), C = (0, 7, 6) and in
makes an angle  with X- axis and lies in the  ABC the equation of the median through
the XY- plane then the coordinates of P are x y 7 z 6
C is   then a + b + c =
1) ( r cos  , 0, r sin  ) 2) ( r cos  , r sin  , 0) a b c
3) (0,0, r cos  ) 4) (r sin  , r cos  ,0) 1) 9 2) 7 3) 10 4) 4
5. If three consecutive vertices of a EXERCISE-III - KEY
parallelogram are 1) 3 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1
6) 3 7) 4 8) 1 9) 3 10) 3
A  4,3,5  , B  0, 6, 0  .C  8,1, 4  and D is the

EXERCISE-III - HINTS
fourth vertex then the angle between AC and 4 4 8 25
 1. (cos   cos   cos  ) 2  1    
9 9 9 9
BD is
5
55 65  cos   cos   cos  
1   1   3
1) Cos   2) Cos  
 149 161   149 161  2. co s 2   co s 2   co s 2   1
1  15  1  3   cos 2   cos 2   cos2   1
3) Cos   4) Cos  
 149 161   149 161  2 cos 2   sin 2  ......... 1
6. If the angle between line with d.c’s
sin     3 sin   given 
sin 2   3sin 2  ...........  2 

PINEGROVE 237
 DC’S AND DR’S JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

 2 cos 2   3sin 2  Solving (1) & (2), we get a possible solution given
3 by a  4 : b  1
 3 1  cos 2   , 5cos 2   3 , co s 2  
5 b
3. If  is the angle between (1), (2) 7. cos  
a  b2  c 2
2
1 o
then cos      60 and  is the angle   2  4  1  0    2  5
2
1 a 2  b2  c2
between (1),(3) then cos      60
0 8. (a, b, c) = (3, 2, 1); Use cos  
a 2  b2  c2
2
4. OP lies in XY- plane and makes  angle with X-  2 3 4 
  9. D.c’s of RS   , , 
 29 29 29 
axis  it makes   with Y- axis and with
2 2   l ( x1  x2 )  m( y1  y2 )  n( z1  z2 )
Z- axis.
d.c’s of OP are 10. F = mid point of AB , d.r’s of CF= (a, b, c)
   
(l , m, n)   cos  ,cos     ,cos  EXERCISE - IV
  2  2
 (cos  ,sin  , 0) , P  (lr , mr , nr ) 1. Let A 1,3, 2  , B  2, 1,1 and C  1, 2,3 be
D C (8, 1, 4)
the vertices of a triangle ABC. Observe the
E
lists given below.
List-I List-II
5.
 3 3 2 
a) The d.c’s of i)  , , 
A (4, 3, 5) B (0, 6, 0)  22 22 22 
 9 side AB
In the figure E is mid point of AC and BD E=  -2,2, 
2    1 4 1 
b) The d.c’s of ii)  , , 
Since it is also midpoint BD, we have D   4, 2,9  3 2 3 2 3 2 
D.r’s of AC are (12, 2, 1) side BC
 12 2 1   2 1 1 
D.c’s of AC are  , ,  c) The d.c’s of iii)  6 , 6 , 6 
 149 149 149   
D.r’s of BD are (-4, -8, 9) side CA
 4 8 9 
The correct match from list I to list II is
D.c’s of BD are  , ,  1) a-i, b-ii, c-iii 2) a-i, b-iii, c-ii
 161 161 161 
3) a-iii, b-i, c-ii 4) a-ii, b-i, c-iii
1  55  2. Observe the following statements
Angle between diagonals   C os  
 149 161  Statement I : T he dr ’s of a str aight line L 1 are
2 2 2 (a1, b1, c1) and dr’s of another straight line L2
 2   a   b  are
6.       1
 21   21   21  (a2, b2, c2). The straight lines L 1, L2 are
 l 2
 m 2  n 2  1 4  a 2  b 2  21 perpendicular if a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
Statement II : The dr’s of L1 are (2, 5, 7) and
a 2  b 2  17 ....... 1
Angle between the given lines is 900  4 10 14 
dr’s of L 2 are  , ,  . The lines
 19 19 19 
 2   3   a   3 
     L1 , L2 are parallel
 21   54   21   54 
Which of the following is correct?
 b   6  1) I is true, II is true and II is correct explanation of
  0 6  3a  6b  0
 21  54  I
2) I is true, II is true an II is not correct explanation
3a  6b  6 a  2b  2 ........  2  of I

238 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV DC’S AND DR’S

3) I is true, II is false 3) I is true but II is false 4) I is false but II is true

4) I is false, II is true 8. Assertion (A) . The dr’s of the line joining
3. I: All d.c’s of a line are d.r’s origin and point ( x, y, z ) must be  x, y, z 
II: All d.r’s of the line are d.c.’s
which of the above statement is true Reason (R) : If P ( x, y , z ) is a point in space
1)only I 2) only II 3) both I and II4) neither I nor II x y z
4. Assertion (A): If the dr’s of a line are and OP=r ,then the dc’s of OP are  , , 
r r r
 6, 2,3 then the angles made by the line with 1) Both A and R are individually true and R is the
coordinate axes are correct explanation of A
 6 
co s  1  1  2  1  3  2) Both A and R individually true but R is not the
 , cos   , cos   correct explanation of A
 7  7 7
 3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true
Reason (R): The d.c’s of a line OP aree
x y z  EXERCISE-IV - KEY
 , ,  where OP = r and p   x, y, z  1) 4 2) 2 3) 1 4)2 5) 3 6) 1 7) 2 8) 1
r r r 
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct EXERCISE-IV - HINTS
explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true and R is not the 1. The d.r’s of AB are ( 1, 4, 1 )
correct explanation of A  1 4 1 
3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true  d.c’s of AB are  3 2 , 3 2 , 3 2  ,
 
5. I) If P   0,1, 2  , Q   4, 2,1 Then D.r’s of BC are = (-3,3,2)=(3,-3,-2)
POQ   / 2 where ‘O’ is origin.  3 3 2 
D.c’s of BC are=  2 2 , , 
II) If the d.r’s of two lines are 1,  1, 0  and  22 22 
D.r’s of CA are = (2,1,-1)
1, 2,1 then the angle between them is  / 6 .
 2 1 1 
Which of the above statements are correct and D.c’s of CA. are  , , 
1)only I 2) only II 3) both I and II4) neither I nor II  6 6 6
6. Assertion(A): If 1, 2, 2  and  0, 2,1 are the 2. I is true, because the line L1 with d.r’s  a1, b1, c1 
dr’s of two lines then the d.r’s of a line and the line L2 with d.r’s  a2 , b2 , c2 
perpendicular to both the lines are  2, 1, 2  . are perpendicular if , a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
Reason (R ): If  a1,b1,c1  and  a2,b2, c2  are the a1 b1 c1
d.r’s of two lines then the d.r.’s of a line II is true because , a  b  c
2 2 2
perpendicular to both the lines are
2 5 7
 b1c2  b2c1 , c1a2  c2 a1 , a1b2  a2b1    1 1 1
4 10 14   ,
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct 19 19 19 2 2 2
explanation of A II is not correct explantion of I
2) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct 3. Standard result
explanation of A
3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true  6 2 3
4. A: d.c’s of a given line are   7 , 7 , 7 
7. I) If the d.c’s of two non-parallel lines satisfy  
l  m  n  0 and l 2  m 2  n 2  0 then the and d.c’s of coordinate axes are (1, 0, 0),
angle between the lines is  / 3 (0, 1, 0) ,(0, 0, 1) , R : Formula
II) If the d.r’s of two non-parallel lines are 1 2 a a bb c c
1 2 1 2
5. Use cos  a 2  b 2  c 2 a 2  b 2  c 2
 0,  ,   and   , 0,    then angle between 1 1 1 2 2 2

 6. By observation
the lines is    0,   0  7. I) Solve the given equations for the d.r’s of the
3
1) Both I and II are true and II is the correct lines and use “ cos  ” formula
explanation of I II) Use “ cos  ” formula
2) Both I and II are true and II is not the 8. D.r’s of OP are ( x  0, y  0, z  0, )
correct explanation of I

PINEGROVE 239
 3D-LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

3D-LINES
SYNOPSIS
Also MN = projection of AP on x-axis
Equation of a line: MN  [Link]   From  APQ 
 
 General Form (Unsymmetrical form) of  cos   AQ 
 AP 
a line:  AQ  AP . cos  
The intersection of two planes is a [Link]  
 M N  r . cos  
equations
a1x  b1 y  c1z  d1  0  a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d2 x  x1
x  x1  r.l  r
represents a line. l
i)Equation to the X-axis is y = 0 , z = 0 y  y1 z  z1
Similarly we can prove  r
ii)Equation to the Y- axis is x = 0 , z = 0 m n
iii) Equation to the Z- axis is x = 0 , y = 0 Hence the equation of the line L is
iv) Equation of the line parallel to x-axis is y=p, x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
z=q, p,q,  R  
v) Equation of the line parallel to y-axis is x=h, z=q, l m n
i) The equation of a line passing through the point
h, q  R
vi) Equation of the line parallel to z-axis is x=h, y=p,  x1 , y1 , z1  and having d.r ’s (a, b, c) is
h, p  R x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
Symmetrical form of a line: a b c
 The equation of the line passing through the point ii) The equation of the line passing through two
 x1 , y1 , z1  and having d.c’s ( l , m, n ) is points  x1 , y1 , z1  and  x2 , y2 , z2  is
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
   
l m n x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1
Proof: Let L be the line passing through (x1, y1, z1) with Vector form of a line:
d.c’s (l, m, n), Let A = (x1, y1, z1)  Cartesian equation of a line passing through the
Let P(x, y, z) be any point on L, Let AP = r point (x 1,y1,z 1) and having d.r’s (a,b,c) is
Let  be the angle which L makes with x-axis x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
Let M, N be the projections of A, P on x-axis  
respectively. a b c
Let Q be the projections of A on PN , x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
Let   
OM = x1, ON = x a b c
MN = ON – OM = x – x1 x  x1  a  x  x1  a
Y y  y1  b  y  y1  b
z  z1  c  z  z1  c , Now,,
P xi  yj  zk  x1i   ai  y1 j  bj  z 1k   ck
r  ( x1i  y1 j  z1k )   (ai  bj  ck )
A  Which is the vector equation of the line passing
Q
through (x 1,y1,z 1) and having d.r’s (a,b,c)
X
(or) vector equation of the line passing through
O M N
(x1, y1, z1) and parallel to the vector ai  bj  ck
Z
where r  xi  yj  zk .

240 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D-LINES

W.E-1:The cartesian equation and vector equation Hence the equation of the line in symmetric form is
of the line passing through the points x  x1 y  y1 z  0
(–1, 0, 2) and (3, 4, 6)  
l m n
Sol: Let (x1, y1, z1) = (–1, 0, 2) (x2, y2, z2) = (3, 4, 6) Note: If l 0, take a point on yz-plane as (0,y ,z )
 1 1
D.r’s of the line = (x2–x`1,y2–y1,z2–z1) and if m  0 take a point on xz-plane as (x1,0,z1).
let (a,b,c)=(4, 4, 4)
W.E-2: The equation of the line
Cartesian equation of the line is
3x + 2y – z – 4 = 0 = 4x + y – 2z + 3 in
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x 1 y  0 z  2 symmetrical form is
    
a b c 4 4 4 Sol: Let (a, b, c) be the d.r’s of the line then
x 1 y  0 z  2 3a + 2b – c = 0, 4a + b – 2c = 0
Let     a b c
4 4 4 By cross multiplication method  
x  1  4  x    y  4 3 2 5
d.r’s of the line are (–3, 2, –5)
z  2  4  z     Since c  0, the line not parallel to xy-plane.
xi  yj  Zk   i  4 i  4 j  2k  4 k Let (x1, y1, 0) be a point on the line
r  ( i  2k )   (4 i  4k ) 3x1 + 2y1 – 4 = 0, 4x1 + y1 + 3 = 0
By solving these equations we get
Where r  xi  yj  zk x1 = –2, y1 = 5 A point on the line is (–2, 5, 0)
Which is the vector equation of the line. Hence the equation of the line in symmetrical form
Conversion of non-symmetrical form to x 2 y 5 z 0
symmetrical form:  
3 2 5
 Let the equation of the line in non-symmetrical form Parametric form:
be a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 = a2x + b2y + c2z +d2  The parametric equations of the line passing through
To find the equation of the line in symmetrical form,
we must know (i) its d.r’s (ii) coordinates of any the point P  x1 , y1 , z1  and having d.c’s  l , m, n 
point on it. are x  x1  lr , y  y1  mr ,
i) To find the [Link] of the line:
Let l, m, n be the d.r’s of the line. z  z1  nr Where r = OP
Since the line lies in both the planes, it must be Remark: The coordinates of a point on the line whose
perpendicular to normals of both planes. d.c’s are (l, m, n) which is at a distance of ‘r’ units
So, a1l + b1m + c1n = 0 a2l + b2m + c2n = 0 from the point (x1,y1,z1) are
From these equations proportional values of l, m, W.E-3. The coordinates of a point on the line
n found by cross multiplication method x 1 y 1
l m n
  z at a distance of 4 14 from
2 3
b1 c1 a1 b1
the point (1, –1, 0) nearer to the origin are
b2 c2 a2 b2
Sol. Let A = (1,–1,0)
l m n x 1 y 1
     z t
b1c2  b2c1 c1a2  c2 a1 a1b2  a2b1 2 3
ii) To find a point on the line: The cooridnates of any point P on the given line are
At least one of the d.r’s must be non-zero. (2t + 1, –3t – 1, t)
Let a1b2 – a2b1  0
The line cannot be parallel to xy-plane. AP  4 14
Let it intersect the xy-plane in (x1, y1, 0) (2t ) 2  ( 3t ) 2  (t ) 2  (4 14) 2  t  4
then a1x1 + b1y1 + d1 = 0
and a2x1 + b2y1 + d2 = 0 So the coordinates of the required point are
By solving these equations we get the point (x1,y1,0) (9, –13, 4) and (–7, 11, –4)
on the line. Out of which nearer to the origin is (–7, 11, –4)

PINEGROVE 241
 3D-LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

Angle between two lines: x  x1 y  y1 z  z1

 If  is the angle between the lines given by Proof: let   .............1
l m n
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
  ax  by  cz  d  0.......... 2 
a1 b1 c1
if the line (1) lies in the plane (2) then for all values
and ( x1  lr , y1  mr , z1  nr )
‘t’ the point p  x1  lt , y1  mt , z1  nt  will
x  x2 y  y 2 z  z 2 a a b b c c lie in the plane (2)
  then cos   1 2 1 2 1 2
a2 b2 c2 2 2
 a1  a2
ie, a  x1  lt   b  y1  mt   c  z1  nt   d  0
a1 b1 c1
i) a)If the lines are parellel then a  b  c t  al  bm cn   ax1  by1  cz1  d   0
2 2 2
it is true for all values of ‘t’
b) If the lines are  r then a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 hence we must have al  bm  cn  0 and
ii) If '  ' is the acute angle between the line
ax1  by1  cz1  d  0
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 which are the required conditions.
  and the plane
l m n x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
ax  by  cz  d  0 then Remark: The lines a  b  c ,
1 1 1
| al  bm  cn |
sin  = x  x2 y  y 2 z  z 2
a2  b2  c2 . l 2  m2  n2  
a2 b2 c2 are coplanar
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
iii) If the line   is parallel to x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z 2
l m n
 a1 b1 c1 0
the plane ax  by  cz  d  0 then
a2 b2 c2
al  bm  cn  0 (Normal to the plane is W.E-4. Prove that the lines
perpendicular to the line)
xad ya zad
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1  
iv) If the line       
l m n
xbc y b z bc
perpendicular to the plane ax  by  cz  d  0 and   are coplanar
    
a b c
then   . Sol:  x1 , y1 , z1    a  d , a, a  d 
l m n
v) d.c’s of the line which makes equal angles with (x2,y2,z2) = (b – c, b, b + c)
 1 1 1   a1 , b1 , c1      ,  ,    
coordinate axes are   , ,  and the d.r’ss
 3 3 3  a 2 , b2 , c 2       ,  ,     now
of the line are (1, 1, 1). x1  x2 y1  y 2 z1  z 2
Coplanar lines: a1 b1 c1
 Two lines are said to be coplanar if they are
either parallel or intersect. a2 b2 c2
Non–Coplanar Lines: ad bc ab ad bc
 Two lines are said to be non coplanar or skew lines     
=
if they are neither parallel nor intersecting.     
Condition for two lines to be coplanar:
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
c1  c1  c2  c3
 The line   lies in the plane 3 a  b  ab ad bc
l m n
 3    0
ax  by  cz  d  0 if
3   
ax1  by1  cz1  d  0 , al  bm  cn  0 . Hence given lines are coplanar

242 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D-LINES

Equation of a plane containing lines:  a1  a2 b1 b2 

( a1  a2 )   b1  b2 )
 The equation of the plane containing the lines ( or )
b1  b2 b1  b2
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x  x2 y  y 2 z  z 2
  ,   ii) If the above two lines are coplanar or intersecting
a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2
is then  a1  a2 b1 b2  = 0
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x  x2 y  y2 z  z2 iii) Shortest distance between the lines
a1 b1 c1 0 a1 b1 c1 0 x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 x  x2 y  y2 z  z 2
(or)   and  
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2 is
W.E-5: The value of K, if the lines x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1
x  3 y 1 z  k x 1 y  2 z  5 a1 b1 c1
  and   a2 b2 c2
3 1 5 1 2 5
are coplanar  (b c
1 2 - b2 c1 )2

Sol: points on the given lines  x1 , y1 , z1    3,1, k  W.E-6: The shortest distance beween the lines
whose vector equations are
 x2 , y2 , z2    1, 2,5  r   i  j    (2 i  j  k ) and
D.r’s of given lines  a1 , b1 , c1    3,1,5 
r   2 i  j  k    (3i  5 j  2k ) is
 a2,b2, c2    1,2,5 Equation of the plane is Sol: Compare the given equations with
x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z2 2 1 k  5 r  a1  b1, r  a2   b2
a1 b1 c1  0  3 1 5 0  a1  i  j , b1  2 i  j  k
a2 b2 c2 1 2 5 a2  2 i  j  k , b2  3i  5 j  2k
K= 5  a1  a2   i  k
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 If the lines   , i j k
l m n
a1x  b1 y  c1z  d1  0  a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d2 are b1  b2  2 1 1  3 i  j  7 k
coplanar then 3 5 2
a1 x1  b1 y1  c1 z1  d1 a2 x1  b2 y1  c2 z1  d2
 b1  b2  9  1  49  59
a1l  b1m  c1n a2l  b2m  c2n
 Skew lines (Non-coplanar lines): 1 0 1
Two straight lines are said to be skew lines if they  a1  a2 b1 b2   2 1 1  10
are neither parallel nor intersecting. i.e. the lines
3 5 2
which do not lie in the same plane.
 Shortest distance: If L1 and L2 are skew lines Shortest distance between the skew lines
then there is one and only one line perpendicular to
 a1  a2 b1 b2  10
both of the lines L1 and L2 which is called the line of  
shortest distance. If PQ is the line of shortest b1  b2 59
distance then the distance between P and Q is called
distance between the given skew lines. Distance between parallel lines:
i) The shortest distance between the skew lines  The distance between the parallel lines
r  a1  b1, r  a2  b2 is b  (a1  a2 )
r  a1  b , r  a2   b is
|b |
Proof: Given parallel lines are:

PINEGROVE 243
 3D-LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

r  a1  b --- (1) b  ( a1  a2 )  81  196  16  293

r  a2  b --- (2)
P
b  4  9  36  7
(2)
293
Distance between the lines =
7
 W.E-8: The image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line
(1)
T Q
x y 1 z  2
b   is
Let PQ be the distance between (1) and (2) 1 2 3
let T be a point on (1) with OT  a1 Sol. Let A = (1, 6, 3)
Let P be the foot of the perpendicular from
Let OP  a2 Let Q be the projection of P on (1) A(1, 6, 3) to the given line
Let  be the angle between PT and b A

b  TP = | b || TP |sin  .nˆ  --- (3)
Where n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the
plane of the lines (1) and (2) x y 1 z  2 P
  t
TP  OP  OT  a2  a1 1 2 3
B
 In PTQ  then P = (t, 2t+1, 3t+2)
  
sin   PQ  PQ  PT .sin   D.r’s of AP (t – 1, 2t – 5, 3t – 1)

 PT  AP is perpendicular to the given line
From (3) 
b  TP  b TP sin  nˆ   1(t  1)  2(2t  5)  3(3t  1)  0
 b  (a2  a1 ) | b | ( PQ)nˆ  t  1, P = (1, 3, 5) Let B be the image of A
B = 2P – A = (1, 0, 7)
 b   a2  a1   b  PQ  nˆ  1  To find the direction of a line with
b  (a2  a1 ) b  (a2  a1 ) greatest slope: Let  1 ,  2 be two planes
 PQ  b  PQ  b intersecting in a line l1 then the line of greatest
b  (a1  a2 ) slope in 1 is the line lying in the plane 1 and
 PQ  b perpendicular to the line l1 .
W.E-7: The distance between the parallel lines Note: Let a , b be the vectors along the normals to the
given by r   i  2 j  4k   (2i  3 j  6k ) planes 1 and  2 respectively then the vector

and r   3i  3 j  5k    (2 i  3 j  6k )  
a  a  b will be along the line of greatest slope

Sol: Compare the given lines with r  a1  b in 1 .

r  a2   b a1  i  2 j  4k , C.U.Q
a2  3i  3 j  5k , b  2 i  3 j  6k 1. The line m  x  a   l  z  b  , y  c is
b   a1  a2  perpendicular to
Distance between the lines = 1) X- axis 2) Y-axis
b
3) Z-axis 4) XY-plane
a1  a2  2 i  j  k 2 If the lines x  az  b , y  cz  d ;
i j k x  a1 z  b1 , y  c1 z  d1 are perpendicular
b  ( a1  a2 )  2 3 6  9 i  14 j  4k then
2 1 1

244 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D-LINES

1) aa1  cc1  1  0 2) aa1  cc1  1  0 C.U.Q - HINTS

1. Find dr’s of line of intersection of the given planes.
3) aa1  bb1  1  0 4) aa1  dd1  1  0
x  b y  d z x  b1  y  d1  z
3. If the equation of line is x  ay  b ; 2.   ,
a c 1 a1 c1 1
z  cy  d .Then its symmetric form is 3. Write in symmetric form
xa y z c xb y z d 4. drs of y-axis is (0, 1, 0)
1)   2)   5. Plane contains the given line normal to the plane
b 1 d a 1 c
must be perpendicular to the line
xa y zc xb y z d so, al + bm + cn = 0.
3)   4)  
b 1 d a 1 c 6. d.c’s of z-axis are (0, 0, 1)
4. Equation of a line through  ,  ,   and EXERCISE - I (C.W)
parallel to Y-axis are
EQUATION OF A LINE
x  y   z 
1)   1. The equation of the line through (3,1,2) and
1 0 0 equally inclined to the axes is
x  y   z  x  3 y 1 z  2 x  3 y 1 z  2
2)   1)   2)  
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
x  y   z  x  3 y 1 z  2 x  3 y 1 z  2
3)   3)   4)  
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
x  y   z  2. Equation of a line which is parallel to the line
4)   x  2 y 1 z  7
1 1 1   , which passes through
5. The equation of the plane containing the line 3 1 9
the point ( 3,0,5 ) is
x  x1 y  y1 z  z 2
  is x2 y 1 z  7 x2 y 1 z  7
l m n 1)   2)  
3 0 5 0 1 4
a ( x  x1 )  b( y  y1 )  c( z  z1 )  0 then x 3 y 0 z 5 x 3 y 0 z 5
3)   4)  
1) ax1  by1  cz1  0 2) al  bm  cn  0 3 1 9 0 1 9
3. The equation of the line passing through
a b c (-1, 2, -3 ) and perpdendicular to the plane
3)   4) lx1  my1  nz1  0
l m n 2 x  3 y  z  5  0 is
6. Equation of a line through (a, b, c) and parallel
to z-axis is x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y  2 z  3
1)   2)  
1 1 1 1 1 1
xa y b z c
1)   x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y  2 z  3
1 0 0 3)   4)  
2 3 1 1 1 1
xa y b z c 4. The cartesian equation of line is
2)  
0 0 1 x 5 y  4 z 6
  its vector form is
xa y b z c 3 7 2
3)  
1 1 1 1) r   5 i  4 j  6k     3i  2 j  2k 
xa y b z c
4)   2) r   5 i  4 j  6k     3i  7 j  2k 
0 1 0
3) r   5 i  4 j  6k     3i  7 j  2k 
C.U.Q - KEY
1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 2 6) 2 4) r   5 i  4 j  6k     3i  7 j  2k 

PINEGROVE 245
 3D-LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES x 2 y 3 z 4

5. The value of p so that the lines 13. If the lines   and
1 1 k
1  x 7 y  14 z  3 7  7x y  5 6  z
  and   are at x 1 y  4 z  5
3 2p 2 3p 1 5   are coplanar then k can
right angles are k 2 1
1) 70/11 2) 7/11 3) 10/7 4) 17/11 have (MAIN-2013)
1) any value 2) exactly one value
6. The angle between the lines
3) exactly two values 4) exactly three values
x 1 y  2 z  3 x y z INTERSECTION OF LINES
  and   is
2 1 2 1 1 0
14. A line with d.c’s proportional to (2,1,2) meets
1) 00 2) 300 3) 450 4) 900 each of the lines x  y  a  z and
7. The sine of the angle between the straight x  a  2 y  2 z .Then the coordinates of each
x2 y 3 z 4 of the points of intersection are given by
line   and the plane
3 4 5 1) (3a, 2a, 3a) ; (a, a, 2a)
2 x  2 y  z  5 is 2) (3a, 2a, 3a) ; ( a, a, a)
3) (3a, 3a, 3a) ; ( a, a, a)
5 2 2 1 2 3 4) (2a, 3a, 3a) ; ( 2a, a, a)
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 5 5 2 5 x 1 y 1 z 1
15. If the line   and
8. The angle between the lines 2x = 3y = –z and 2 3 4
6x = –y = – 4z is x3 yk z
1) 0º 2) 30º 3) 45º 4) 90º   intersect then k=
1 2 1
9. The line passing through the points (5, 1, a) (JEE MAINS -2012)
and (3, b, 1) crosses the yz-plane at the point 1) -1 2) 2/9 3) 9/2 4) 0
 17  13  16. Let L be the line of intersection of the planes
 0, ,  then (AIEEE - 2008) 2x + 3y + z = 1 and x + 3y + 2z = 2. If L makes
 2 2 
an angle  with the positive X-axis then
1) a = 4, b = 6 2) a = 6, b = 4 cos   (AIEEE - 2007)
3) a = 8, b = 2 4) a = 2, b = 8
1 1 1
10. The angle between the lines x = 1, y = 2 and 1) 2) 3) 1 4)
y = –1, z = 0 is 3 2 2
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY
  
1) 2) 3) 4) 0º 1) 4 2) 3 3) 3 4) 2 5) 1 6) 3
2 6 3 7) 3 8) 4 9) 2 10) 1 11) 2 12) 2
COPLANAR LINES 13) 3 14) 2 15) 3 16) 1
x 1 y  2 z  3
11. The lines   ; EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS
a 3 4
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
x2 y 3 z 4 1. Use the formula   , where
  are coplanar. Then a = l m n
3 4 5
1) 1 2) 2 3) -1 4) -2 1
lmn
3
x  3 y  2 z 1
12. The line   and the plane 2. D.r.s of required and given lines are same
3 2 1 3. By verify the options
4 x  5 y  3 z  5  0 intersect at a point x5 y4 z6
4.   
1) (3,1,-2) 2) (3,-2,1) 3 7 2
3) (2,-1,3) 4) (-1,-2,-3) x 1 y  2 z 3
5.   --- (1)
3 2p 2
7
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x 1 y  5 z  6 find d.r.s and compare with given d.r.s (or)

  verification
3 p 1 5 --- (2)
7 x2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
(1) and (2) are perpendicular. a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 a1 b1 c1 0
15
6. Use formula, a2 b2 c2
| a1a2  b1b2  c1c2 | 3 1 2 3
cos  
2 2
a1  b1  c1 2 2 2 2
a 2  b2  c 2 16. D.r’s of the line of intersection 3  2  1  3

7. Take  a1 , b1 , c1    3, 4,5 and a1 , b1 c1   ( 3,  3,3 )

D.r’s of x-axis  a 2 , b2 c 2   (1, 0, 0)
 a2 , b2 , c2    2, 2,1 .
3 1
  | a1a2  b1b2  c1c2 | cos   
cos      999 3
Use 2  a12  b12  c12 a 22  b22  c 22
8. Given lines are EXERCISE - I (H.W)
x y z x y z
  --- (1)   --- (2) EQUATION OF A LINE
3 2 6 2  12  3
1. The equation of the line joining ( -2,1,3 ) and
If  is the required angle a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 ( 1,1,4 ) is
 x  2 y 1 z  3 x  2 y 1 z  3
 1)   2)  
2 3 0 1 3 0 1
9. YZ - plane divides the line segment in the ratio = x  2 y 1 z  3 x  3 y 1 z  2
 x1 : x2 = –5 : 3 3)   4)  
4 3 2 1 1 1
 5b  3 5  3a   17 13  2. Equation of a line passing through (1,-2,3) and
 0, ,    0, ,  parallel to the plane 2 x  3 y  z  5  0 is
 2 2   2 2 
10. The line x = 1, y = 2 is parallel to z-axis. x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y  2 z  3
The line y = 1, z = 0 is parallel to x-axis. 1)   2)  
1 1 1 2 3 1
 x 1 y  2 z  3 x 1 y  2 z  3
Angle between the lines is 3)   4)  
2 1 1 1 2 3 1
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1 3. The equation to the plane which passes
through the z-axis and is perpendicular to the
l1 m1 n1  0
11. x 1 y  2 z  3
l2 m2 n2 line   is
cos  sin  0
x  3 y  2 z 1 1) x sin   y cos   0 2) x sin   y cos   0
12.    t ( say),
3 2 1 3) x cos   y sin   0 4) x cos   y sin   0
the point  3t  3, 2  2t , t  1 satisfy the given plane 4. The vector equation of the line
6 x  2  3 y  1  2 z  2 is
1 1 1
1 1 k  0
1) r   i  j  3k     i  2 j  3k 
13.  k 2  3k  0 , k = 0, –3
k 2 1  1 1
2) r   i  2 j  3k     3 i  3 j  k 
 
14.  t , t  a, t  is a point on first line and
 1 1

3) r   3 i  3 j  k     i  2 j  3k 
 s s  
 s  a, ,  is point on second line,
 2 2 4) r   2i  j  2k     6i  3 j  2k 

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5. Parametric form of the equation of the line COPLANAR LINES

3 x  6 y  2 z  15  0  2 x  y  2 z  5 is 12. The equation of the plane containing the line
x 5 y z x 1 y  5 z 1 x 1 y  1 z  3
1)   2)     and perpendicular to the
14 2 15 14 2 15 2 1 4
x  3 y 1 z x5 y z plane x  2 y  z  12 is
3)   4)  
14 2 15 14 2 15 1). 9 x  2 y  5 z  4  0 2) 9 x  2 y  5 z  4  0
Angle between two lines: 3) 9 x  2 y  5 z  4  0 4) 9 x  2 y  5 z  4  0
x 1 y  2 z  3 13. A plane which passes through the point
6. The value of k if the lines  
3 2k 2 x4 y7 z 4
(3, 2, 0) and the line   is
x 1 y 5 z 6 1 5 4
and   may be perpendicular
3k 1 7 (AIEEE - 2002)
1) 3 2) 2 3) -2 4) 4 1) x – y + z = 1 2) x + y + z = 5
3) x + 2y – 2 = 1 4) 2x – y + z = 5
x2 y 3 z 4
7. The line   is 14. The value of m for which staight line
3 4 5
perpendicular to the plane 3x  2 y  z  3  0  4x  3 y  4z 1 is parallel to
1) 2 x  y  2 z  0 2) 3 x  4 y  5 z  7 the plane 2 x  y  mz  2  0 is
1) –2 2) 8 3) –18 4) 11
3) x  y  z  2 4) 2 x  3 y  4 z  0
8. The angle between the pair of lines INTERSECTION OF LINES
r   3i  2 j  4 k     i  2 j  2 k  x  2 y 1 z  2
15. Let the line   lie in the
3 5 2
and r   5 i  2 j     3i  2 j  6k  is
plane x  3 y  z    0 then (  ,  ) 
1) tan 1 19 / 21 2) cos 1 19 / 21 (AIEEE - 2009)
1) (–6, 7) 2) (5, –15) 3) (–5, 5) 4) (6, –17)
3) sin 1 19 / 21 4) cos 1 19 / 20  16. The d.r’s of the line given by the planes
9. If  is the angle between line x – y + z – 5 = 0, x – 3y – 6 = 0 are
x  1 y 1 z  2 1) (3, 1,–2) 2) (2, –4, 1)
  and the plane 3) (1, –1, 1) 4) (0, 2, 1)
1 2 2
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-KEY
1
2 x  y   z  4  0 is such that sin   then 1) 1 2) 1 3) 3 4) 3 5) 3 6) 2
3
7) 2 8) 2 9) 1 10) 1 11) 3 12) 2
the value of  is
13) 1 14) 1 15 ) 1 16) 1
5 3 3 4
1) 2) 3) 4) EXERCISE-I (H.W)-HINTS
3 5 4 3
1. D.r’s of the line = (x2–x1, y2–y1, z2–z1)
10. The angle between the lines
Let (a, b, c) = (3, 0, 1)
x 5 y 2 z 3 x y z
  and   is x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
4 1 8 2 2 1 Use the formula  
–1 a b c
1) cos (2/3) 2) cos–1(1/3)
–1
3) cos (4/5) 4) cos–1(4/3) 2. By verify the options
3. By verification D.r’s of normal are ( cos  , sin  , 0 )
x 5 y  2 z
11. The angle between the lines  
7 5 1 1 1
x y
x y z 3 3  z 1
and   is 4. Convert into the form  1  1  1
1 2 3      
1)  /3 2)  /4 3)  /2 4)  /6 6 3  2

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and use r  a  tb and 2 + 3(1) –  (–2) +  = 0   = 7

5.  1  3x  6 y  2 z  15  0 16. By cross multiplication method
a b c
 2  2x  y  2z  5  0 1 1 1 1 a b c
     
now the dr’s of the common line two planes are 3 0 1 3  1 2
14, 2,15
and Put z  0 in  1 and  2 and solve
them we get a point EXERCISE-II (C.W)
6. a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 DISTANCE
7. By verification method 1. The distance of the point (1, -5, 9) from the
8. D.r’s of given lines plane x  y  z  5 measured along a straight
 
  b1 .b2 line x  y  z is (AIEEE-2011)
b1  1, 2, 2  , b 2   3, 2, 6  cos    
b1 b2 1) 3 5 2) 10 3 3) 5 3 4) 3 10
2. A line passes through two points A(2,-3,-1)
9. Since the line makes an angle  with the plane,
and B(8,-1,2). The coordinates of a point on
  this line at a distance of 14 units from A are
it makes an angle  2   with the normal to 1) (14, 1, 5) 2) (-10, -7, 7)
 
the plane. 3) (86, 25, 41) 4)  0, 0, 0 

  2 1   1 2     2   3. The distance of the point P  3,8, 2  from the

 cos     
2  1 4  4  4 1  1 1 1
line  x  1   y  3   z  2 
1 2  5 2 4 3
     5  4    measured parallel to the plane
3 3  5 3
10. Use cos  formula. 3 x  2 y  2 z  15  0 is
11. a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 1) 7 2) 9 3) 7 4) 49
x 1 y 1 z  3 POINT OF INTERSECTION
1 4 0
12. Take 2 x  2 y  1 z 1
1 2 1 4. If the line   intersects the
3 2 1
13. Verification curve xy  c 2 , z  0 then c =
Required plane has to pass through the points (3,
2, 0) and (4, 7, 4) 1) 1 2)  3 3)  5 4)  7
14.  1  3x  2 y  z  3  0 5. The point of intersection of the line
x  3 2  y z 1
 2  4x  3y  4z 1  0   and planes
3 4 1
a b c
2 1 3 2 a b c 2 x  4 y  3 z  3  0 , x  2 y  3 z  0 is
   1) ( 9,6,1 ) 2) ( -9,6,1 )
3 4 4 3 8  3 4  12 9  8
3) ( 9,-6,1 ) 4) ( -9,-6,-1 )
D.r’s of the common line of the two planes are
SHORTEST DISTANCE
( 5, 8, 1 )
6. The shortest distance between the lines
D.r’s of the normal to the plane are (2, –1, m)
Now apply the perpendicular x 2 y 3 z 4 x 1 y  2 z  3
  ;   is
condition with the given plane we get m = –2 3 4 5 2 3 4
15. Given line lies in the given plane 1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 0
1(3) + 3(–5) –  (2) = 0   = –6

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7. The shortest distance between the lines EXERCISE-II (C.W)-HINTS

r   2 i  j  k     2 i  j  2k  and 1. Let P = (1, -5, 9)
Let Q be a point on the given plane such that
r   i  2 j  k     i  j  k  is PQ is parallel to given line
The equation of the line PQ is
1) 3/ 2 2) 3 2 3) 2 / 3 4) 2 / 3
x 1 y  5 z  9
  Let Q = 1  t , t  5, t  9 
DISTANCE BETWEEN PARALLEL LINES 1 1 1
8. The distance between the parallel lines Sub Q in the given plane, t  10
r  2 i  3 j  k   ( i  j  2k ) and  Q   9, 15, 1 PQ = 300  10 3
r  3i  4 j  k   ( i  j  2k ) is x  2 y  3 z 1 x  2 y  3 z 1
2.    6  2  points
22 175 14 6 2 3 7 7
3
7
1) 2 2) 3) 4) 7 on the line
3 6 6
FOOT AND IMAGE  6 2r 3r 
=  2  r , 3  , 1   where r=14.
9. The reflection of the point A (1, 0, 0) in the  7 7 7 
x  1 y  1 z  10
  3. Let A   2  1, 4  3,3  2 
line is
2 3 8 Let this point lie on the line such that AP is parallel
1) (3, –4, –2) 2) (5, –8, –4) to the plane
3) (1, –1, –10) 4) (2, –3, 8)
AP is perpendicular to normal to the plane.
10. The foot of the perpendicular from (a,b,c) on 
the line x  y  z is the point  r , r , r  where 
 AP  3iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ 
1) r  a  b  c 2) r  3  a  b  c   3. 2  2   2  4  5   2  3   0    2
therefore, A is (5,11,8), P = (3, 8, 2) , AP = 7
3) 3r  a  b  c 4) r  4  a  b  c 
4. we have z  0 for the point, where the line
Length of the perpendicular: intersects the curve. therefore,
11. The perpendicular distance of the point x  2 y  1 0 1 x2 y 1
    1 and 1
x5 y3 z 6 3 2 1 3 2
(2,4,-1) from line   is
1 4 9  x  5 and y  1
1) 3 2) 5 3) 7 4) 9
Putting these values in xy  c 2 , we get
12. The length of perpendicular drawn from the
x y 2 z 3 5  c2  c   5
point  3, 1,11 to the line  
5. By verification method
2 3 4
is (AIEEE-2011) 6. a1  (2,3, 4) , a2  (1, 2,3) , b1  (3, 4,5)
1) 66 2) 29 3) 33 4) 53
b2  (2,3, 4) , a1  a2 b1 b2   0

EXERCISE-II (C.W)-KEY 7. a1  (2, 1, 1) , a2  (1, 2,1) , b1  (2,1, 2) ,

1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 3 5) 3 6) 4 b2  (1, 1,1) , a1  a2  (1, 3, 2)
7) 1 8) 1 9) 2 10) 3 11) 3 12) 4

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 a1  a2 b1 b2   9 , b1  b2  3i  3k
EXERCISE - II (H.W)
b1  b2  3 2 DISTANCE
8. a1  2 i  3 j  k , a2  3i  4 j  k , 1. The distance of the point (3, -4, 5) from the
plane 2 x  5 y  6 z  16 measured along a line
b  i  j  2k , a1  a2  5i  j  2k
with [Link], proportional to (2, 1, -2) is
i j k 60 50 30 20
1) 2) 3) 4)
b  (a1  a2 )  1 1 2  4 i  12 j  4k 7 7 7 7
5 1 2 2. The distance of the point (1,0,–3) from the
plane x  y  z  9 measured parallel to the
b  (a1  a2 )  176 , b  6 x2 y2 z6
line   is
2 3 6
b  (a1  a2 ) 176 22 1) 6 2)7 3) 8 4) 9
Distance =  2
|b | 6 3 POINT OF INTERSECTION
9. Any point P on the line is (2r+1, –3r–1, 8r–10) 3. A line with d.r’s (2,7,–5) is drawn to intersect
D.r’s of AP are (2r, –3r–1, 8r–10) x5 y 7 z  2
the lines   and
AP is perpendicular to the given line 3 1 1
2(2r) – 3(–3r–1) + 8(8r–10) = 0 r = 1 x3 y 3 z 6
P (3, –4, –2) Let B be the image of A B = 2P – A   at P and Q respectively..
3 2 4
10. apply the formula for perpendicular Length of PQ is
condition.
1) 78 2) 77 3) 54 4) 74
11. A   2, 4, 1 ,
x 1 y  2 z  3
4. If the straight lines   and
Any point on the line P   t  5, 4t  3,  9t  6  k 2 3
x2 y  3 z 1
Let P be the foot of the perpendicular of A   intersect at a point then
3 k 2
AP is perpendicular to given line.
the integer k is equal to
Use formula a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 , t = 1 1) 5 2) 2 3) –2 4) –5
12. Let p   3, 1,11 Shortest distance:
5. The shortest distance between the lines
Let Q be the foot of the perpendicular of P on the
given line x  2 y  3 z 1 x  4 y  5 z  2
  ;   is
Let the coordinates of Q be 3 4 2 4 5 3

 2t ,3t  2, 4t  3 which is any point on 

AB
 1 1 1 5
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 6 2 6
D.r’s of PQ =  2t  3,3t  3, 4t  8 
6. The shortest distance between the lines
D’r’s of AB = (2, 3, 4)
r  1  t  i   t  2  j   3  2t  k and
AB is perpendicular to PQ
2  2t  3  3  3t  3  4  4t  8   0 r   s  1 i   2s  1 j   2s  1 k is

1) 8/ 17 2) 8 / 493 3) 8/ 29 4) 16 29
 t  1, Q   2,5, 7  , PQ = 53

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7. The length of the shortest distance between EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS

x3 y 5 z 7 1. Equation of the line passing through A (3, –4, 5)
the lines   and
1 2 1 x 3 y  4 z 5
with d.r’s (2, 1, –2) is   t
x 1 y 1 z 1 2 1 2
  is
7 6 1 x = 3 + 2t, y = –4 + t, z = 5 – 2t
1) 4 29 2) 3 29 3) 29 4) 2 29 Let the line passing through A and parallel to given
Distance between parallel lines: line intersects the plane at P
8. The distance between the parallel lines Let P = (3+2t, –4+t, 5–2t)

r  ( i  j )   (3i  j  k ) and 20
Substitute P in the given plane, t  .
7
r  ( j  k )   (2 i  j  k ) is
 61 8 5  60
1) 6 2) 7 3) 35 / 6 4) 33/ 6 P   , ,  AP 
7 7 7  7
Foot and Image:
2. Equation of the line passing through (1, 0, –3) with
9. Foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point
d.r’s (2, 3, –6) is
A (1,0,3) to the join of the points B (4,7,1) and
C (3,5,3) is x 1 y  0 z  3
   t (say)
2 3 6
 5 7 17 
1) (1,2-2) 2)  , ,  x = 1 + 2t, y = 3t, z = –3 – 6t
3 3 3 
Let P be a point in the plane x–y–z=9 such that
 1 2 2   5 7 17  AP is parallel to given line
3)  , ,  4)  , , 
3 3 3   3 3 3  P = (1 + 2t, 3t, –3 – 6t)
10. The image of the point (3, –1, 11) w.r.t the line Substitute P in the given plane, t = 1
x y 2 z 3 P = (3, 3, –9), AP = 7.
  is 3. P = (5+3t, 7–t, –2+t),
2 3 4
1) (2, 5, 7) 2) (1, 11, 3) Q = (–3–3  , 3+2  , 6+4  )
3) (0, 0, 0) 4) (0,2,3) D.r’s of PQ = (8 + 3t + 3  , 4–t– 2  , t–4  –8)
Length of the perpendicular: = (2,7,–5)  t =  = –1,
11. The length of the perpendicular from the point P = (2, 8, –3), Q = (0, 1, 2) PQ = 78
x6 y 7 z 7
(1, 2, 3) to the line   is 1 1 2
3 2 2
k 2 3  0  k  5
1) 7 2)
48 3) 8 4) 9 4.
3 k 2
12. The length of the perpendicular from the point
x  13 y  8 z  31 5. a1  (2,3,1) , a2  (4,5, 2) , b1  (3, 4, 2)
(–1, 3, 9) to the line   is
5 8 1
b2  (4,5,3)
1) 21 2) 22 3) 20 4) 439
 a1  a2 b1 b2 
Shortest distance =
EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY b1  b2

1) 1 2) 2 3) 1 4) 4 5) 2 6) 3 6. Given lines
7) 4 8) 3 9) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 1
r  ( i  2 j  3k )  t ( i  j  2k ) and

252 PINEGROVE
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
r  ( i  j  k )  s ( i  2 j  2k ) D.r’s of AP are (2r –3, 3r + 3, 4r – 8)
  
a1  1, 2,3 , b1   1,1, 2  AP is perpendicular to the given line
   2(2r – 3) + 3(3r + 3) + 4(4r – 8) = 0
a2  1, 1, 1 , b2  1, 2, 2 
 r = 1 P = (2, 5, 7)
 a1  a2 b1 b2  Image = 2P – A = (1, 11, 3)
Find 11. Let P = (1, 2, 3) Let A = (6, 7, 7)
b1  b2
Let B be the foot of the perpendicular of P on the
7. a1  (3,5, 7), a2  (1, 1, 1) given line

a1  a2  (4, 6,8) b1  (1, 2,1), b2  (7, 6,1)

P
 a1  a2 b1 b2   116 b1  b2  116

 a1  a2 b1 b2  116
=  2 29
b1  b2 116

8. a1  i  j , a2  j  k , b  2 i  j  k
A B
a1  a2  i  2 j  k
D.r’s of given line = (3, 2, –2)
i j k
b  ( a1  a 2 )  2 1 1   i  3 j  5k
 3 2 2 
1 2 1 D.c’s of given line =  , , 
 17 17 17 
35 AB = projection of AP on the given line
b  (a1  a2 )  35 b  6 , Distance =
6
9. A = (1, 0, 3) = l ( x2  x1 )  m( y2  y1 )  n( z2  z1 )
D.r’s of the line BC = (1, 2, –2) AB = 17 From  ABP,, PB 2  AP 2  AB 2
x  4 y  7 z 1
Equation of the line BC is   = 66 – 17 PB = 49 = 7
1 2 2
Any point P on the line BC is (4+t, 7+2t, 1–2t) 12. Let A = (–1, 3, 9)
D.r’s of P = (3 + t, 7 + 2t, –2t – 2) Any point P on the line is
AP is perpendicular to BC (13 + 5t, –8–8t, 31 + t)
1(3 + t) + 2(7 + 2t) + 2(2t + 2) = 0 Let P be the foot of the perpendicular of A
D.r’s of AP = (14+5t, –11–8t, 22 + t)
7  7 14 14   5 7 17 
t , P   4  , 7  ,1   P   , ,  AP is perpendicular to given line.
3  3 3 3 3 3 3 
10. Let P be the foot of the perpendicular from A (3, – a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
1, 11) to the given line then  5(14 + 5t) + 8(11 + 8t) + 22 + t = 0
P = (2r, 3r+2, 4r+3)  t = –2 , P = (3, 8, 29), AP = 21

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 3D-LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

y 1 z  3
EXERCISE - III 5. If the angle between the line x  
2 
1. A plane mirror is placed at the origin so that
the direction ratios of its normal are and the plane x  2 y  3 z  4 is cos
1
 5 /14 
(1, -1, 1). A ray of light, coming along the then  = (AIEEE-2011)
positive direction of the x-axis strikes the
mirror. Then the direction ratios of the 3 5 2 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
reflected ray are 2 3 3 5
1 2 2 1 2 2 6. If lines x  y  z and x  y / 2  z / 3 and third
1) , , 2) , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 line passing through 1,1,1 form a
1 2 2 1 2 2
3) , , 4) , , triangle of area 6 units, then point of
3 3 3 3 3 3
intersection of third line with second line will
2. Equation of the perpendicular line from
be
x y 2 z 3
(3, –1, 11) to the line   is  4 8 12 
2 3 4 1) 1, 2,3 2)  2, 4, 6  3)  , ,  4)  2,1,3
3 3 3 
x  3 y  1 z  11
1)  
1 6 4 x 1 y  3 z  4
7. The image of the line   in
x  3 y  1 z  11 3 1 5
2)   the plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 is the line
2 5 7
(MAINS-2014)
x  3 y  1 z  11
3)   x 3 y 5 z 2 x 3 y 5 z 2
1 11 3 1)   2)  
3 1 5 3 1 5
x  3 y  1 z  11
4)  
1 6 4 x 3 y 5 z 2 x 3 y 5 z 2
3)   4)  
3. The equation of line of shortest distance 3 1 5 3 1 5
x 3 y 5 z 7 x 1 y  2 z  3
between the lines   ;  
1 2 1 8. For the line , which one
1 2 3
x 1 y 1 z 1 of the following is incorrect ?
  is
7 6 1 1) it lies in the plane x  2 y  z  0
x3 y 5 z 7 x3 y 5 z 7
1)   2)   x y z
2 3 4 2 3 4 2) it is same as line  
1 2 3
x 3 y 5 z 7 x3 y 5 z 7
3)   4)   3) it passes through (2,3,5)
2 3 4 2 3 4
4) it is parallel to the plane x  2 y  z  6
4. Let P  3, 2, 6  be a point in space and Q be a
9. The equation of a plane which passes through
point on the line the point of intersection of lines
r  i  j  2k   ( 3i  j  5k ) then the x 1 y  2 z  3 x  3 y 1 z  2
  and   and
value of  for which the vector PQ is parallel 3 1 2 1 2 3
at greatest distance from point (0,0,0) is
to the plane x  4 y  3 z  1 is (IIT-2009)
1) 4 x  3 y  5 z  25 2) 4 x  3 y  5 z  50
1 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 3) 4 x  3 y  5 z  49 4) x  7 y  5 z  2
4 4 8 8

254 PINEGROVE
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10. The equation of the plane which passes through l 1 1 1

the z-axis and is perpendcular to the line   l
2 cos  3 3
xa y 2 z 3
  is m  0 1 2 n  0 1 2
cos  sin  0  m   n
2cos  3 3 2 cos  3 3
1) x  y tan   0
2. Let P be the foot of the perpendicular from
2) y  x tan   0 A (3, –1, 11) to the given line then
3) x cos  y sin   0 P = (2r , 3r + 2, 4r + 3)
D.r’s of A.P are (2r – 3, 3r + 3, 4r – 8)
4) x sin   y cos   0 
AP is perpendicuilar to the given line
11. If the straight lines x = 1 + s, y = –3 –  s,
 2(2r – 3) + 3(3r + 3) + 4(4r – 8) = 0  r = 1
t 
z = 1 +  s and x  , y  1  t , z  2  t with P = (2, 5, 7) D.r’s of AP are (1, –6, 4)
2
3. Let P(   3,  2  5,   7 ) and
parameters ‘s’ and ‘t’ respectively are
coplanar then  = Q( 7  1,  6  1,  1 ) be the points on the
given lines so that PQ is the line of shortest distance
1 between the given lines
1) –2 2) 0 3)  4) –1
2 D.r’s of PQ  (   7  4,  2  6  6 ,    8 )
x 1 y z 1 Since PQ is perpendicular to the given lines
12. The projection of the line   in
1 2 3 1(   7  4 )  2( 2  6  6 )  1(     8 )  0
the plane x-2y+z=6 is the line of  6  20  0  3  10  0 --- (1)
intersection of this plane with the plane is and,
1) 2x+y+2=0 2) 3x+y-z=2
 7(   7  4 )  6( 2  6  6 )  1(     8 )  0
3) 2x-3y+8z=3 4) x+y-z=1
 7  49  28  12  36  36      8  0
EXERCISE-III-KEY  20  86  0  10  43 --- (2)
1) 4 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3 6) 2 From (1) and (2)   0 ,  0
7) 3 8) 3 9) 2 10) 1 11) 1 12) 1 P  ( 3,5, 7 ), Q  ( 1,  1,  1 )
D.r’s of PQ = (–4, –6, –8) = (2, 3, 4)
EXERCISE-III-HINTS
x 3 y 5 z 7
1. Let (l, m, n) be the d.c’s of reflected ray Equation of PQ is  
We have (1, 0, 0) are the d.c’s of incident ray (x- 2 3 4
axis). 4. P = (3, 2, 6) Q  ( 1  3 ,  1, 2  5 )

 1 1 1  D.r’s of PQ = ( 3  2 ,  3,5  4 )

D.c’s of normal are  , , 
 3 3 3 Equation of the plane x – 4y + 3z = 1
D.r’s of the normal to the plane (1, –4, 3)
Let ( l1 , m1, n1 )  ( l , m , n ), ( l2 , m2 , n2 )  ( 1, 0 ,0 )
PQ is perpendicular to the normal to the plane
If  is the angle between the normal to the plane
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
1
and incident ray, then cos     3  2  4  12  15  12  0
3
1
 l1  l2 m1  m2 n1  n2   8  2  0   
 , ,   ( l ,m,n ) 4
 2 cos  2 cos  2 cos  
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 3D-LINES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

x 1 y  3 z  4
1  5  5  
5. Let cos  14     cos   2 1 1
  14
Any point on the line B = (2r + 1, –r+3, r+4)
3 If B is the image of A (1, 3, 4) then mid point of AB
 sin  
14 lies on the plane.
D.r’s of given line (a1, b1, c1) = (1, 2,  )  2r  2  r  6 r  8 
Mid point =  , , 
D.r’s of normal to the given plane  2 2 2 
(a2, b2, c2) = (1, 2, 3) Mid point lies in the given plane
a1 a 2  b1b 2  c1 c 2
sin    2r  2    r  6  r  8
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b22  c 22  2   3 0
 2   2  2
3 1  4  3 2
   r  2 , B = (–3, 5, 2)
14 2
1 4   1 4  9 3
x 3 y 5 z 2
6. x=y=z --- (1) Image line is  
3 1 5
y z
x  --- (2) 8. (1,2,3) satisfies the plane x  2 y  z  0 and also
2 3
Clearly point of intersection of (1) and (2) is (0,0,0)  iˆi22j j33kk ,, i i22jjkk 00
D.r’s of (1) are (1, 1, 1)
D.r’s of (2) are (1, 2, 3) x 1 y  2 z  3
Since the lines   and
Let  be the angle between (1) and (2) 1 2 3
6 6 x y z
cos   ,sin     both satisfy (0,0,0) and (1,2,3) both
42 42 1 2 3
are same. given line is obviously parallel to the plane
Let any point on second line be   , 2 ,3 
x  2y  z  6
Third line passing through (1, 1, 1)
(1, 1, 1) lies on (1) A = (1, 1, 1) 9. Let a point  3  1,   2, 2  3 of the first line
1 also lies on the second line Then
Area of OAB   OA  OB sin 
2 3  1  3   2  1 2  3  2
    1
1 6 1 2 3
 3  14   6
2 42 Hence, the point of intersection P of the two lines is
(4,3,5)
   2 So B is  2, 4, 6  10. The d.r’s of the normal of the plane are
A(1,1,1) ( cos  ,sin  , 0).
Now, the required plane passes through the z-axis.
hence the point (0,0,0) lies on the plane.
The required plane is

O B(,2,3)
x cos   y sin   0 ,  x  y tan   0
7. 3(2) + 1(–1) + (–5) (1) = 0 x 1 y  3 z 1
11. Given lines are   ,
Given line and given plane are parallel 1  
 Image line is also parallel to the given line
x y 1 z2
Image of A (1, 3, 4) [Link] given plane lies on the 1
 
1 1
image line. 2
Equation of the normal to the plane is

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Given lines are coplanar 2. Statement-1: The point A 1, 0, 7  is the

1 4 1 mirror image of the point B 1, 6,3 in the line

 1   0 x y 1 z  2
,      
1 1 2 3
1 1
2
x y 1 z  2
Statement-2: The line  
12. Equation of a plane through (-1,0,1) is 1 2 3
a  x  1  b  y  0   c  z  1  0 bisects the line segment joining A 1, 0, 7  and
Which is paraallel to the given line and B 1, 6,3 [AIEEE-2011]
perpendicular to the given plane. 1) Statement-1 is true, statement -2 is true;
a  2b  3c  0 and a  2b  c  0 statement - 2 is not correct explanation for
by solving the above, we get , c=0, a=2b statement-1
2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
EXERCISE - IV 3) Statement -1 is false, statement-2 is true
4) Statement-1 is true, statement -2 is true,
ASSERTION & REASON: statement -2 is a correct explanation for
The following questions consist of two statement-1.
statements one labelled as , Assertion (A) and EXERCISE-IV-KEY: 1) 1 2) 1
the other labelled as Reason (R) Y ou are to
examine these two statements carefully and EXERCISE-IV-HINTS
decide if the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) 1. By using formula
are individually true and if so,whether the B (1, 6, 3)
Reason (R) is the correct explanation for the
given Assertion (A) select your answer to these
items using the codes given below and then
select the correct option 1, 2, 3
Codes: 2.
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is
the correct explanation of A A (1, 0, 7)

(B) Both A and R individually true but R is not Statement-1: AB is perpendicular to given line and
the correct explanation of A midpoint of AB lines on line
(C) A is true but R is false Statement-2 is true but it is not correct
(D) A is false but R is true explanation as it is bisector only.
1. Assertion (A) :The angle between the lines If it is perpendicular bisector then only statement-2
is correct explanation.
x y z x 1 y  2 z  3  Statement-1: AB is perpendicular to given line and
  and   is
1 1 0 2 1 2 4 midpoint of AB lines on line
Reason (R): The acute angle between the lines Statement-2 is true but it is not correct
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 explanation as it is bisector only.
given by   and If it is perpendicular bisector then only statement-2
l m n
is correct explanation.
x  x2 y  y2 z  z2
  cos  
pl  qm  rn cos   x  0   sin   y  0   0  z  0   0
then 2 2
p q r l  p Statement-2 is not correct explanation for
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D statement-1

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 3D - PLANES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

3D-PLANES
ii) The equation of the plane passing through the
SYNOPSIS
points  x1 , y1 , z1  ,  x2 , y2 , z2  and parallel to
Equation of a Plane:
 Every first degree equation in x,y,z always the line whose d.r’s are (a,b,c) is
represents a plane. x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 Plane surface is a surface in which line joining every
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1  0
two points P and Q on it lies entirely in the surface.
 The general form of equation of plane is a b c
ax  by  cz  d  0 , a, b, c are not all zero i.e., iii) The equation of the plane passing
a2  b2  c2  0 through three non collinear points
Equation of Planes with Different  x1 , y1 , z1  ,  x2 , y2 , z2  ,  x3 , y3 , z3  is
Conditions:
 i) The equation of the plane passing through the x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1  0
point  x1 , y1 , z1  and having d.r’s of normal as
x3  x1 y3  y1 z3  z1
(a,b,c) is a  x  x1   b  y  y1   c  z  z1   0
or ax  by  cz  ax1  by1  cz1
iv) If  x1 , y1 , z1  ,  x2 , y2 , z2  x3 , y3 , z3  and
ii) The equation of the plane passing through a  x4 , y4 , z4  are coplanar, then
point  x1 , y1 , z1  and parallel to the plane x4  x1 y4  y1 z4  z1
ax  by  cz  d  0 is x2  x1 y2  y1 z2  z1  0
a  x  x1   b  y  y1   c  z  z1   0 x3  x1 y3  y1 z3  z1
=> ax  by  cz  ax1  by1  cz1 General equation of a plane with
W.E-1 : The equation of the plane parallel to the different conditions:
plane 2x 3y 4z 5  0 and passing through  i) The equation of a plane with d.r’s of normal as
the point (1,1,1) is (a , b ,c) is ax  by  cz  d  0 .
Sol: The plane is ii) If a) a=0, b  0, c  0 Then equation
a  x  x1   b  y  y1   c  z  z1   0 by  cz  d  0 represents a plane which is
2  x  1  3  y  1  4  z  1  0 parallel to x-axis and er to YZ - plane.
b) b  0, a  0, c  0 then equation
 2x  3 y  4z  9  0
Equation of plane which is Parallel ax  cz  d  0 represents a plane which is
to lines: parallel to y-axis and er to xz -plane.
 i) The equation of the plane passing through the c) a  0, b  0, c  0 then equation
point  x1 , y1 , z1  and parallel to lines whose ax  by  d  0 represents a plane which is
parallel to z-axis and er to XY -plane.
d.r’s are  a1 , b1 , c1  and  a2 , b2 , c2  is
iii) The equation of the plane passing through
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1  x1, y1, z1 and parallel to
a1 b1 c1 0 a) yz- plane and er to X-axis is x  x1
a2 b2 c2 b) xy-plane and er to Z-axis is z  z1

258 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D - PLANES

c) zx-plane and er to Y-axis is y  y1 W.E-3 : The equation of the parallel plane lying
midway between the parallel planes
iv) Equation of plane parallel to the plane
2 x  3 y  6 z  7  0 and
ax  by  cz  d1  0 is of the form
ax  by  cz  d 2  0 2 x  3 y  6 z  7  0 is
v) Distance between the above two parallel planes d1  d 2
Sol : The required plane is ax  by  cz  0
d1  d 2 2
is
a2  b2  c2
2x  3 y  6z 
 7  7   0
 2
vi) Equation of plane parallel to r.n  d1 is
 2x  3 y  6z  0
r.n  d 2 (vector form)
W.E-4 : The reflection of the plane in the plane
vii) The equation of the plane, mid way between
x  y  z  3  0 is
the parallel planes ax  by  cz  d1  0 and
Sol : The given planes are ,
ax  by  cz  d 2  0 is 1 1 1 1
2x  3 y  4 z  3  0 ( a x  b y  c z  d  0 )
 d  d2 
ax  by  cz   1 0 x  y  z  3  0  ax  by  cz  d  0 
 2 
 Equation of the required plane be obtained using
viii) The equation of the plane which bisects the the fact reflection of
line joining A  x1 , y1 , z1  and B  x2 , y2 , z2  and a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d 1  0 in the plane
perpendicular to AB is ax  by  cz  d  0 is given by
 x1  x2  x   y1  y2  y   z1  z2  z 
 
2 aa1  bb1  cc1  ax  by  cz  d 
x 1
2 2
 y1  z1
2
 x 2
2 2
 y2  z2
2
  a 2
 b2  c2  a x  b y  c z  d 
1 1 1 1

2
ix) The reflection of  The reflection is 4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0
a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d 1  0 in the plane Foot and image:
 i) The foot of the perpendicular of the point
ax  by  cz  d  0 is given by
P  x1 , y1 , z1  on the plane
 
2 aa1  bb1  cc1  ax  by  cz  d 
ax  by  cz  d  0 is Q  h, k , l  then
 a 2
 b2  c2  a x  b y  c z  d 
1 1 1 1

h  x1 k  y1 l  z1   ax1  by1  cz1  d 

W.E-2 : Distance between parallel planes   
a b c a2  b2  c2
2 x  2 y  z  3  0 and 4 x  4 y  2 z  5  0 is ii) If Q (h, k, l) is the image of the point
Sol : The given planes are 2 x  2 y  z  3  0 , p  x1 , y1 , z1  [Link] the plane ax  by  cz  d  0
5 then
2x  2 y  z  0
2 h  x1 k  y1 l  z1 2  ax1  by1  cz1  d 
  
5 a b c a 2  b2  c 2
Here a  2, b  2, c  1, d1  3, d 2 
2 iii) If ‘d ’ is the distance from the origin and  l , m, n 
are the dc’s of the normal to the plane through the
5
d1  d 2 3 origin, then the foot of the perpenducular is
Distance= ,= 2 1
a 2  b2  c 2   ld , md , nd 
4  4 1 6

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 3D - PLANES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

W.E-5 : The foot of the perpendicular from the Normal form of a plane:
point P(1,3,4) to the plane 2 x  y  z  3  0
is  i) If  l,m,n  are the direction cosines of normal
Sol : The given plane is 2 x  y  z  3  0 to plane  and p is the er distance from origin to
the plane then the equation of plane is
Here a  2, b  1, c  1, d  3 ,  x1 , y1 , z1   1,3, 4 
lx  my  nz  p
hx1 ky1 l z1  ax1  by1  cz1  d  ii) The normal form of the plane representing by
   
a b c a2  b2  c2 the equation ax  by  cz  d  0 is

  h, k , l    1, 4,3 a b
x y
a) If d < 0 2
a b c 2 2
a  b2  c2
2
W.E-6 : If the image of the point (-1,3,4) in the
plane x  2 y  0 is  x1 , y1 , z1  then z1  c d
z
2 2 2
Sol : Given that  h, k , l    x1 , y1 , z1  a b c a  b2  c2
2

b) If d > 0
x1  1 y1  3 z1  4
 x1 , y1 , z1    1,3, 4  
1

2

0
a
x
b
y
2 2 2
a b c a  b2  c2
2

  1   2  3 
  2   z1  4  0 ,  z1  4 c d
2 2 z
1   2   0  a2  b2  c2 a 2  b2  c2
Ratio formula: W.E-8 : If the equation of the plane
 i) The ratio in which the plane 2 x  3 y  6 z  7 in the normal form is
ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides the line segment joining
lx  my  nz  p then l  p 
 x1 , y1 , z1  and  x2 , y2 , z2  is Sol : Equation of the plane in the normal form is
  ax1  by1  cz1  d  :  ax2  by2  cz2  d  2x 3y 6z 7
  
ii) Position of the points [Link] the plane 4  9  36 4  9  36 4  9  36 4  9  36
ax1  by1  cz1  d 2 3 6
a) If ax  by  cz  d  0 then the points x  y  z  1 ,  lx  my  nz  p 
2 2 2 7 7 7
P  x1 , y1 , z1  and Q  x2 , y2 , z2  2 9
l p 1 
lie on same side of the plane ax  by  cz  d  0 7 7
ax1  by1  cz1  d Perpendicular distance from point to
b) If ax  by  cz  d  0 then the points the plane:
2 2 2
 i) The perpendicular distance from  x1 , y1 , z1  to
P  x1 , y1 , z1  and Q  x2 , y2 , z2 
the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0
lie on opposite sides of the plane
ax  by  cz  d  0 | ax1  by1  cz1  d |
is
W.E-7 : If the plane 2 x  3 y  5 z  2  0 divides the a2  b2  c2
line segment joining (1, 2, 3) and (2, 1, k) in ii) The perpendicular distance of the plane
the ratio 9 : 11 then k = ax+by+cz+d=0 from the origin
( ax1  by1  cz1  d ) 9
Sol :  d
ax2  by2  cz2  d 11 is .
a  b2  c2
2


 2 1  3  2  5  3  2   9
 2  2  3  1  5  k  2  11 , k  2

260 PINEGROVE
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JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D - PLANES

W.E-9 : If the perpendicular distance from (1, 2, W.E-10 : The area of the triangle formed by the
4) to the plane 2 x  2 y  z  k  0 is 3 then plane 2 x  3 y  6 z  9  0 with Y - axis, Z- axis
k-4= is (in [Link])
244k x y z
Sol : 3  K 7 , k  4  7  4  3   1
4  4 1 Sol : The plane is 9 3 3
2 2
Intercept form of a plane:
9 3
 i) If a plane cuts X-axis at A  a, 0, 0  , Y-axis at Here a  , b  3, c 
2 2
B  0, b, 0  and Z-axis at C  0, 0, c  then a,b,c are 1
called X-intercept,Y-intercept, Z-intercept of the The area of the triangle = bc
2
plane.
1 3
ii) The equation of the plane in intercept form is
=  3   =
9
[Link]
x y z 2 2 4
  1
a b c x y z
W.E-11 : The plane    1 cuts the axes in
iii) If ax  by  cz  d  0 is a plane if 2 3 4
a  0, b  0, c  0 then A, B,C then the area of the  ABC is (squ)
d Sol : a  2, b  3, c  4
X-intercept  
a  Area of the ABC =
d d 1 2 2 2
Y-intercept   , Z-intercept    ab    bc    ca  ,  61 .
b c 2
iv) The equation of the plane whose intercepts are Angle between Two Planes:
K times the intercepts made by the plane  i) The angle between two planes is equal to the
angle between the perpendiculars from the origin
ax  by  cz  d  0 on corresponding axes is
to the planes.
ax  by  cz  kd  0 . ii) If '  ' is the angle between the planes
Areas: . a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d1  0 and
 i) Area of the triangle formed by the plane
a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d 2  0 then
x y z a1a 2  b1b2  c1c 2
   1 with cos   
a b c a  b12  c12 a 22  b22  c22
2
1
1 iii) If the above two planes are parallel then
a) X – axis , Y –axis is ab Sq. units
2 a1 b1 c1
 
1 a2 b2 c2
b) Y– axis, Z– axis is bc Sq. units
2 iv) If the above two planes are perpendicular then
1 a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
c) Z– axis, X– axis is ca Sq. units
2 v) Angle between the line with d.c’s  l1 , m1 , n1  and
x y z the plane whose normal with d.c’s  l2 , m2 , n2 
ii) If the plane    1 meets the co-ordinate
a b c is  then
axes in the points A,B,C. then the area of the triangle
cos  90     l1l2  m1m2  n1n2
ABC is
vi) If  is angle between a line L and a plane 
1 2 2 2
then the angle between L and normal to the plane
 ab    bc    ca  .
2  is 90   .

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 3D - PLANES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

W.E-12 : If the angle between x  2 y  4 z  7  0 iii) a) The Bisector planes are perpendicular to each
other
and x  3 y  2 z  6  0 is Cos
1
 k  , then k  b) Positive sign bisector is the bisector containing
the origin.
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2 The projection of line segment on a
Sol : cos   line (plane):
a12  b12  c12 a22  b22  c22
 Let P, Q be two points and L be a line (  plane).
Where a1  1; b1  2; c1  4 and If M, N are feet of perpendiculars from P,Q to the
line L (to the plane  ) respectively then MN is
a1  1; b2  3; c2  2
called projection of PQ on the line L(the plane  ).
|11   2  3   4  2  | The length of projection of PQ is always non-
 cos   negative.
2 2
12  22  42 12   3   2 
Some standard results:
3 9 3 3  i) If P1  a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d1  0 and
   , k 
21 14 2114 98 98 P2  a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d 2  0 are two intersecting
W.E-13 : If the planes 2 x  y  3 z  7  0 and planes then the plane passing through their line of
4 x  2 y  5kz  9  0 are parallel then intersection is P1  kP2  0 where k is any constant.
ii) The equation of plane which bisects the join of
5k 2  6 
the points  x1 , y1 , z1  and  x2 , y2 , z2  at right
a1 b1 c1
Sol : a  b  c angles is
2 2 2
 1 
2 1 3
  k
6
 5k 2  6 
66 x 1  x2   x   x1  x2    0
 2 
4 2 5k 5 5
iii) If a plane meets the coordinate axes in A,B,C
W.E-14 : If the planes x  2 y  kz  0 and such that the centroid of the triangle ABC is the
2 x  y  2 z  0 are at right angles, then the point (p,q,r) then the equation of the plane is
value of k is x y z
  3
Sol : a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 p q r
1 2   2 1  k  2   0 iv) Two systems of rectangular axes have the same
[Link] a plane cuts them at distance a, b, c and
 4  2k  0 , k 2
Equations of planes bisecting the a1 , b1 , c1 respectively from the origin, then
angles between given planes: a 2  b 2  c 2  a12  b12  c12
 i) Equations of two planes bisecting the angles v) A variable plane is at a constant distance ‘p’
between the planes from the origin and meets the axes in A, B and C.
a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d1  0 and The locus of the centroid of the triangle ABC is

a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d 2  0 are x 2  y 2  z 2  9 p 2
vi) A variable plane is at a constant distance ‘p’
a1x b1 y  c1z  d1 a2x b2 y  c2z  d2 from the origin and meets the axes in A, B and C.
 The locus of the centroid of the tetrahedron OABC
a12 b12  c12 a22 b22  c22
is x 2  y 2  z 2  16 p 2
ii) If d1 , d 2  0 vii) A variable plane passes through a fixed point
Condition Acute Obtuse
 ,  ,   and meets the coordinate axes in A, B,
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 – +
C. Then the locus of the point of intersection of the
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0 + – planes through A, B, C parallel to the coordinate

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D - PLANES

   3. In the space the equation by  cz  d  0

planes is   1
x y z represents a plane perpendicular to the plane
1) YOZ 2) ZOX 3) XOY 4) Z = k
viii) A variable plane at a constant distance ‘p’ from
4. The equation of the plane passing through a
the origin meets the axes in A, B and C. Through
A, B, C planes are drawn parallel to the coordinate point with position vector iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ and
[Link] the locus of their point of intersection 
is x 2  y 2  z 2  p 2
 
parallel to the plane r. 3iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ  0 is

ix) A point P moves on the fixed plane 1) 3 x  4 y  5 z  26  0

x y z 2) 3 x  4 y  5 z  26  0
   1 . The plane through P, perpendicular
a b c 3) 3 x  4 y  5 z  26  0
to OP meets the coordinate axes in A, B and 4) 3 x  4 y  5 z  26  0
[Link] the locus of the point of intersection of the 5. Distance between two parallel planes
planes through A, B, C parallel to the coordinate 2 x  y  2 z  8 and 4 x  2 y  4 z  5  0 is
1 1 1 1 1 1 (JEE MAINS 2013)
planes is 2  2  2    .
x y z ax by cz 3 9 7 5
1) 2) 3) 4)
x) The planes x   a, y  b and z   c form a 2 2 2 2
rectangular parallelopiped. FOOT AND IMAGE
xi) A parallelopiped is formed by the planes drawn 6. If the foot of perpendicular from (0, 0, 0) to a
through the points  x1, y1, z1  and plane is (1, 2, 2) then the equation of the plane
is
 x2 , y2 , z2  parallel to the co-ordinate planes. The
1)  x  2 y  8 z  9  0 2) x  2 y  2 z  9  0
length of a diagonal of the parallelopiped
3) x  y  z  5  0 4) x  2 y  3 z  1  0
 a 2  b2  c2 7. The foot of the perpendicular from
Here a  x2  x1 , b  y2  y1 , c  z2  z1 (7, 14, 5) to 2 x  4 y  z  2 is
1)  1,1,0  2) 1, 2,8  3)  2, 1, 2  4) 1, 2,3
EXERCISE - I (C.W)
8. The image of the point  1,3, 4  in the plane
CARTESIAN EQUATION OF A PLANE
x  2 y  0 is
1. The plane which passes through the point
(-1, 0, -6) and perpendicular to the line whose  17 19   9 13 
d.r's are(6, 20, -1) also passes through the 1)   ,  ,1 2)  ,  , 4 
 3 3  5 5 
point
1) (1, 1, -26) 2) (0, 0, 0)  17 19 
3)   ,  , 4  4) 15,11, 4 
3) (2, 1, -32) 4) (1, 1, 1)  3 3 
2. Equation of the plane through the mid-point RATIO FORMULA
of the join of A(4,5,-10) and B(-1,2,1) and
perpendicular to AB is 9. If the points (1,-1,1) and (-2,0,5) with respect to
the plane 2 x  3 y  z  7  0 lie on
135
1) 5 x  3 y  11 z  0 1) opposite sides 2) same side
2 3) on the plane 4) in side the plane
135
2) 5 x  3 y  11 z 
2

10. The ratio in which the plane r. i 2j 3k 17 
divides the line joining the points
3) 5x  3 y  11z  135
2iˆ  4 ˆj  7kˆ and 3iˆ  5 ˆj  8kˆ is
185 1) 1 : 5 2) 1 : 10 3) 3 : 5 4) 3 : 10
4) 5 x  3 y  11 z  0
2
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 3D - PLANES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

NORMAL FORM OF A PLANE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO PLANES

11. For the plane   2 x  3 y  5 z  10  0 , the 18. If the planes x  2 y  kz  0 and 2x+y-2z+3=0
point  2,3, 5 lie in the are at right angles, then the values of k is
1) Opposite to the origin side 1 1
1)  2)
3) -2 4) 2
2) Origin side 3) Plane 4) can not say 2 2
12. The normal form of 2 x  2 y  z  5 is 19. The angle between the planes
6 2 3 2 x  y  z  3, x  y  2 z  5 is
2)  x  y  z  1
1) 12 x  4 y  3 z  39
7 7 7   3 
1) 2) 3) 4)
12 4 3 2 2 1 5 2 6 4 3
3) x  y  z  3 4) x  y  z 
13 13 13 3 3 3 3 20. If the planes 2x  3y  z  5  0 ,
PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE x  2 y  kz  7  0 are perpendicular then k 
13. A plane passes through  2,3  1 and is 1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) -8
EXERCISE-I (C.W)-KEY
perpendicular to the line having dr’s ( 3, 4, 7 ).
1) 2 2) 2 3) 1 4)2 5) 3 6) 2 7) 2
The perpendicular distance from the origin to 8) 2 9) 1 10)4 11) 1 12) 4 13) 4 14) 3
this plane is ( EAM-2011) 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 4 19) 4 20) 4
3 5 6 13 EXERCISE-I (C.W)-HINTS
1) 2) 3) 4)
74 74 74 74 1. The plane equation is
14. An equation of a plane parallel to the plane 6  x  1  20  y  0    z  6   0
x  2 y  2 z  5  0 and at a unit distance from
 6 x  20 y  z  0
the origin is (AIE-2012)
1) x  2 y  2 z  7  0 2) x  2 y  2 z  5  0  3 7 9 
2. Mid point of AB =  , , 
3) x  2 y  2 z  3  0 4) x  2 y  2 z  1  0 2 2 2 
D.r’s of AB are (5,3,-11)
INTERCEPT FORM OF A PLANE Equation of plane is
15. The equation of a plane which cuts equal
 3 7 9 
intercepts of unit length on the axes is  
 r   2 i  2 j  2 k   . 5i  3 j  11k  0
  
1) x  y  z  0 2) x  y  z  1
135
3) 2 x  y  z  1 4)
x y z
  1 
r. 5i  3 j  11k   2
a a a
3. Verification method
16. If the plane 7 x  11 y  13 z  3003 meets the 4. Equation of the plane parallel to
coordinate axes in A, B, C then the centroid
of the ABC is  
r. 3i  4 j  5k  0 is given by

1) 143,91, 77  2) 143, 77,91  xi  y j  zk 3i  4 j  5k     0

3)  91,143, 77  4) 143, 66,91 It passes through (1,2,3)
17. If the areas of triangles formed by a plane with    26
the positive X , Y : Y , Z : Z , X axes respectively 5. Given planes are
are 12, 9, 6 sq. unit respectively then the 4 x  2 y  4 z  16  0, 4 x  2 y  4 z  5  0
equation of the plane is Distance between the parallel planes
x y z x y z | d1  d 2 | 7
1)    1 2)    1  
4 6 3 6 3 4 2
a b c2 2
2
x y z x y z 6. D.r’s of the perpendicular to the plane are
3)    1 4)    1 (1, 2, 2)
3 4 6 3 6 4

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7. D.r’s of the normal to 2 x  4 y  z  2 is  2, 4, 1 15. Verification.

16. The plane 7 x  11 y  13 z  3003 meets the
The point 1, 2,8  lies on a plane and D.r’s of a line coordinate axes in
joining 1, 2,8 and  7,14,5 are A 429,0,0 , B  0,273,0 , C  0,0,231 .
 6,12, 3 =  2, 4, 1 .,  Required point Centroid of ABC is

 1, 2,8   429 273 231 

 , ,   143,91, 77 
 3 3 3 
8. Given  x1 , y1 , z1   1,3, 4 17. If a, b, c are the intercepts of the required plane
h 1 k  3 l  4 2  1  2 3 1 1 1
    then ab  12, bc  9, ca  6
1 2 0 1 4  0 2 2 2
h 1 k  3 l  4 2  1  2 3  ab  24, bc  18, ca  12
   
1 2 0 1 4  0 abac 24  12
a2    16  a  4
 9  13  bc 18
 h , k , l    , , 4 
 5 5  ab  24, ac  12  b  6, c  3
9. 111 = 2 1  3  1  1  7  0 x y z
 The equation of the plane is   1
4 6 3
 222 = 2  2   3  0   5  7  0
18. Use a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
 Points lies on opposite sides of the plane
 
10. Plane is r. i  2 j  3k  17 --(1)  2 1  1 1  1 2  3 1
19. cos    
4 11 11 4 6 2
A point P dividing the join of

2i  4 j  7 k and 3i  5 j  8k in the ratio  :1 is  
3
 3  2   5  4   8  7  20. Given planes are perpendicular
 i    j  k
  1     1    1 
a1a2  b1b2  c1c2  0
3
It lies on (1) then we get ,     :1  3 :10   2 1   3 2    1 k   0
10
11. 111  4  9  25  10  2 , 222  10  The point  2  6  k  0 ,  k  8
lie on the opposite to the origin side.
EXERCISE - I (H.W)
12. a 2  b2  c 2  4  4  1  3 .
2 2 1 5 CARTESIAN EQUATION OF A PLANE
Normal form is x  y  z  1. The product of the d.r's of a line
3 3 3 3
13. Equation of the plane is perpendicular to the plane passing through the
points (4,0,0), (0,2,0) and ( 1,0,1) is
3  x  2   4  y  3  7  z  1  0  1) 6 2) 2 3) 0 4) 1
3 x  4 y  7 z  13  0 2. A plane which passes through the point
Perpendicular distance from origin x4 y7 z 4
(3, 2, 0) and the line   is
13 13 1 5 4
 
9  16  49 74 1) x  y  z  1
14. The required plane is x  2 y  2 z  k  0 . The 2) x  y  z  5
distance to the plane from origin = 1 3) x  2 y  z  1
|k|
  1  k  3 4) 2 x  y  z  5
1 4  4

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 3D - PLANES JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV

3. The equation of the plane parallel to the plane RATIO FORMULA

2x 3y 4z 5  0 and passing through the point
10. The ratio in which the line joining  2, 4,3
(1,1,1) is
1) 2 x  3 y  4 z  9  0 and  4,5, 6  is divided by the plane
2) 2 x  3 y  4 z  9  0 3 x  2 y  z  4  0 is (EAM-2011)
3) 2 x  3 y  4 z  7  0 1) 2 : 1 2) 4 : 3 3) -1 : 4 4) 2 : 3
11. For the plane   4 x  3 y  2 z  3  0 , the
4) 2 x  3 y  4 z  7  0
4. The equation of the plane passing through the points A  2,1, 2  , B   3,1, 2 
point (3, -6, 9) and perpendicular to the x-axis 1) Lie on the same side of   0
is 2) Lie on the opposite sides of   0
1) x  2  0 2) y  3  0 3) Lie on the normal to   0 4) Lie on   0
3) z  7  0 4) x  3  0 Normal form of a plane:
5. Distance between two parallel planes 12. The d.c's of the normal to the plane
7 x  4 y  4 z  3  0 and 2 x  y  2 z  5  0 are
14 x  8 y  8 z  12  0 is  2 3 6 
1) (3, -2, 6) 2)  7 , 7 , 7 
 
15 9 1
1) 2) 1 3) 4)  3 2 6   2 1 2 
9 15 2 3)  7 , 7 , 7  4)  , , 
  3 3 3
FOOT AND IMAGE
PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE
6. If the foot of the perpendicular from  0, 0, 0 
13. The perpendicular distance from the origin to
to a plane is 1, 2,3 , then the equation of the the plane x  2 y  2 z  9  0 is
plane is (EAM-2012) 1) 3 2) 6 3) 4 4) 2
1) 2 x  y  3 z  14 2) x  2 y  3 z  14 14. The length of the perpendicular from the point
3) x  2 y  3 z  14  0 4) x  2 y  3 z  14  7,14,5 to the plane 2 x  4 y  z  2 is

7. The image of the point  3, 2,1 in the plane 1) 21 3 2) 3 21 3) 321 4) 5 2

Intercept form of a plane:
2 x  y  3 z  7 is (EAM-2009)
15. 5, 7, are the intercepts of a plane on the Y -
1) 1, 2,3 2)  2,3,1 3)  3, 2,1 4)  2,1,3 axis, Z - axis respectively, if the plane is
parallel to the X- axis then the equation of that
8. If  2,3, 1 is the foot of the perpendicular plane is
from  4, 2,1 to a plane, the equation of the 1) 5 y  7 z  35 2) 7 y  5 z  1
plane is y z
3)   35 4) 7 y  5 z  35
1) 2 x  y  2 z  3  0 2) 2 x  y  2 z  9  0 5 7
16. The intercepts of the plane
3) 2 x  y  2 z  5  0 4) 2 x  y  2 z  1  0
2 x  3 y  5 z  30  0 are
9. If the points 1,1, p  and  3, 0,1 be 1 1 1
equidistant from the plane , , 4) 3, 4, 6
1) 15, 10, 6 2) 5,10, 6 3)
8 6 4
r .  3i  4 j  12k   13  0 then the value of P 17. The area of the triangle formed by
= x y z
   1 with X-axis and Y-axis is
1 1 4 3 2
1)  2) 6 3) 3 4) 1) 2 2) 3 3) 6 4) 12
3 3

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D - PLANES

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO PLANES

9. 
Distance from point A a to plane r.n  k  0
18. I f t h e p l an es 2 x  3 y  4 z  7  0 and
4 x  ky  8 z  1  0 are parallel then k  a.n  k
1) 2 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6 is
n
19. The planes 2 x  y  4 z  5 and
10. Required ratio
5 x   2.5  y  10 z  6
are
1) Perpenducular 2) parallel    6  8  3  4  :  12  10  6  4   3 :
3) intersect Y-axis 4) passes through (0,0,5/4) 12  1: 4
20. If  x  4 y  5 z  7 , 4 x  4 y  10 z  14  0 11. 111  8  3  6  3  8
represent the same plane then the value of
 222  12  3  4  3  2

1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3 The points lie on the opposite side of   0
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-KEY  a b c 
. ' s 
12. Dc , , 
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 4 5) 2 6) 2 7) 3 2 2
 a b  c
2
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 
8) 4 9)1 10) 3 11) 2 12) 4 13)1 14) 2
15) 4 16) 1 17)3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 2  2 1 2 
  , , 
EXERCISE-I (H.W)-HINTS 3 3 3
1. Equation of the plane passing through the given | 9 |
points is x  2 y  3 z  4  0 , 13. Perpendicular distance p  3
1 4  4
D. r's of normal = (1, 2, 3)
14. Perpendicular distance
2. Verify options
|14  56  5  2 | 63
3. a  x  x1   b  y  y1   c  z  z1   0 p   3 21
4  16  1 21
4. Equation of the plane passing through (3, -6, 9) and
y z
perpendicular to x-axis is x  x1 15. Plane equation is  1
5 7
 x 3  0
16. The plane is 2 x  3 y  5 z  30 . Intercepts are
d1  d 2
5. Distance  1 30 30 30
, ,  15, 10, 6
a 2  b2  c2 2 3 5
6. Equation of the plane is
1
1 x  1  2  y  2   3  z  3  0 17. Area  | 4  3 | 6 sq. units
2
 x  2 y  3 z  14 18. Given planes are parallel
7.  3, 2,1 lies in the plane 1 a1 1 b c
 a  b  c
2 2 2
2 x  y  3z  7   3, 2,1 it self is the image in
2 3
2 x  y  3z  7    2k  12  k  6
4 k
8. The line joining the given points is normal to the plane
a1 b1 c1
 D.r’s of normal are  2, 1, 2  and  2,3, 1 lies 19. a  b  c
2 2 2
in the plane
20. Given equations represent the same plane
 The equation of the plane is
2x  y  2z  4  3  2 a1 b1 c1 d1  5
      2
 2x  y  2z  1  0 a2 b2 c2 d 2 4 10

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INTERCEPT FORM OF A PLANE

EXERCISE - II (H.W)
6. A variable plane intersects the coordinate
CARTESIAN EQUATION OF A PLANE axes at A,B,C and is at a constant distance 'p'
from 0(0,0,0). Then the locus of the
1. If the equation of the plane passing through
centroid of the tetrahedron OABC is
the points (1,2,3), (-1,2,0) and perpendicular to
the ZX - plane is ax  by  cz  d  0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
1) 2
 2  2  2 2) 2  2  2  2
x y z p x y z p
 a  0  then
1 1 1 16 1 1 1
1) a  0 and c  0 2) a  d  0 3) 2
 2  2  2 4) 2  2  2 16 p2
x y z p x y z
3) c  d  5  0 4) a  c  d  4  0
7. The equation to the plane through the line of
2. The equation of the plane through the line of
intersection of planes intersection of 2 x  y  3 z  2  0 ,
ax  by  cz  d  0 , a ' x  b ' y  c ' z  d '  0 x  y  z  4  0 such that each plane is at a
and parallel to the lines y = 0 = z is distance of 2 unit from the origin is
1) x  y  2 z  13  0, x  y  z  3  0
1)  ab ' a ' b x   bc ' b ' c  y   ad ' a ' d   0
2) 2 x  y  2 z  3  0, x  2 y  2 z  3  0
2)  ab ' a ' b y   ac ' a ' c z   ad ' a ' d   0 3) 15 x  12 y  16 z  50  0 ,
3)  ab'a'b x  bc'b' c z  ad ' a' d   0 x  2 y  2z  6  0
4) x-y+2z-13=0, x+y-z-3=0
4)  ab ' a ' b x   bc ' b ' c  y   ad ' a ' d   0 8. The equation of the plane which is parallel to X-
3. A plane  passes through the point (1,1,1). axis and making intercepts 3 and 8 on Y and Z-
If b,c, a are the dr’s of a normal to the plane, axes respectively is
where a, b, c  a  b  c  are the prime 1) 3 y  8 z  24 2) 3 y  8 z  24
factors of 2001, then the 3) 8 y  3 z  24 4) 8 y  3 z  24
equation of the plane  is 9. The sum of the intercepts of the plane which
1) 29 x  31 y  3 z  63 bisects the line segment joining (0,1,2) and
(2,3,0) perpendicularly is
2) 23 x  29 y  29 z  23 1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4)12
10. A plane meets the coordinate axes at A, B, C
3) 23 x  29 y  3 z  55
so that the centroid of the triangle ABC is
4) 31x  27 y  3 z  71
(1, 2, 4). Then the equation of the plane is
4. The dr’s of a normal to the plane th rough (EAM-2010)
(1,0,0), (0,1,0) which makes an angle of 1) x  2 y  4 z  12 2) 4 x  2 y  z  12
 / 4 with the plane x  y  3 are 3) x  2 y  4 z  3 4) 4 x  2 y  z  3
1) 1, 2,1 2) 1,1, 2 3) 1,1, 2 4) 2,1,1 11. The reflection of the plane
2x  3y  4z  3  0 in the plane
5. Let A 1,1,1 , B  2,3,5  and C  1, 0, 2  be
x  y  z  3  0 is the plane
three points, then equation of a plane parallel
to the plane ABC which is at a distance 2 1) 4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0
units is 2) x  3 y  2 z  15  0
1) 2 x  3 y  z  2 14  0 3) 4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0
2) 2 x  3 y  z  14  0 4) 4 x  3 y  2 z  15  0
3) 2 x  3 y  z  2  0 EXERCISE-II (C.W)-KEY
4) 2 x  3 y  z  2  0 1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 2 5) 1 6) 3
7) 3 8) 4 9) 1 10) 2 11) 1

268 PINEGROVE
 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D - PLANES

EXERCISE-II (C.W)-HINTS 2 x  3 y  z  2 14  0
x z 6. Intercepts of the plane = 4x, 4y, 4z where
1. The plane equation is  = 1. (x,y, z) is the centroid of the tetrahedron OABC.
l m
1 3 1 1 1 1 1
 1;  1 l   1; m  3 / 2 Here, 16 x 2  16 y 2  16 z 2  p 2
l m l 1 1 1
2. Equation of the plane through the intersection 7. Equation of the plane is
of the planes ax  by  cz  d  0 and  2 x  y  3z  2   k  x  y  z  4   0
1 1 1 1
a xb yc z d  0 | 2  4k |
p 2
 a x  b y  c z  d     ax  by  cz  d   0
1 1 1 1 2 2
 2  k   1  k    3  k 
2

which is parallel to Y = 0 = Z
1
 k  13, 1
parallel to X - axis 
 a1  a  0
 Planes are  2 x  y  3z  2   13
1
a  x  y  z  4   0,  2 x  y  3z  2   1
 a   a1   
a
the equation of the plane is  x  y  z  4  0
 a b  ab  y   a c  ac  z  a d  ad
1 1 1 1 1 1
0  15 x  12 y  16 z  50  0, x  2 y  2 z  6  0

3. 2001  3  23  29 and 8. Required plane equation is

 3  23  29   55  a  3, b  23, c  29 y z
  1  8 y  3 z  24
4. Any plane through (1,0,0) is 3 8
A  x  1  B  y  0   C  z  0   0 ..(1) 9. The plane equation is
It contains (0,1,0) if  A  B  0 ...(2) 2 x ( x2  x1 )  2 y( y2  y1 )  2 z ( z2  z1 )
  x12  y12  z12  x22  y22  z22  0
Also (1) makes an angle of with the plane where (x1, y1, z1) = (0, 1, 2) and
4
(x2, y2, z2) = (2, 3, 0)
 A B
x y z
x  y  3 ,  cos 4  2 2 2 2 2 10. Let the equation of the plane be   1
A B C 1 1 a b c
2
 2 AB  C ......(3) From (2) and (3),  A   a, 0, 0  , B  0, b, 0  , C  0, 0, c 
C 2  2 A2 C   2A Centroid of ABC = 1, 2, 4 
Hence [Link] =[Link]  2.A  a b c 
  , ,   1 , 2 , 4 
 D.r's are (1,1,  2)  3 3 3 
 a  3, b  6, c  12
5. A 1,1,1 , B  2,3,5 , C  1, 0, 2  d.r’s of AB are
The equation of the plane is
(1, 2, 4) D.r’s of AC are  2, 1,1 . x y z
   1  4 x  2 y  z  12
D.r’s of normal to plane ABC are (2,-3,1) As a 3 6 12
result, equation of the plane ABC is 11. Equation of the required plane be obtained using
2 x  3 y  z  0 Let the equation of the required the reflection of
plane is 2 x  3 y  z  k , then a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d 1  0 in the plane
k ax  by  cz  d  0 is given by
 2k  2 14
4  9 1  
2 aa1  bb1  cc1  ax  by  cz  d 
Hence, equation of the required plane is
 a 2
 b2  c2  a x  b y  c z  d 
1 1 1 1

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8. The equation of the plane which is parallel to Y-

EXERCISE-II (H.W)
axis and making intercepts of lengths 3 and 4
CARTESIAN EQUATION OF A PLANE on X-axis and Z-axis is
1. The d.r's of the line of intersection of the 1) 2 x  2 z  20 2) 4 x  3z  12
planes x  y  z  1  0 and 3) 4 x  3z  12 4) 6 x  13z  15
9. If 5, 7, 6 are the sums of the X, Y intercepts; Y,
2 x  3 y  4 z  7  0 are Z intercepts, Z, X intercepts respectively of a
1) 1, 2, -3 2) 2, 1, -3 3) 4, 2, -6 4) 1, -2, 1 plane then the perpendicular distance from the
2. The vertices of a tetrahedron are A(3,4,2) origin to that plane is
B(1,2,1) C(4,1,3) D(-1,-1,3). The height of A
above the base BCD. 144 12 61 61
1) 2) 3) 4)
23 20 27 61 61 12 144
27
1) 2) 3) 4) 10. The equation of the plane through the line of
237 237 237 247
3. The equation of the plane which passes intersection of the planes 2 x  3 y  4 z  7  0 ,
through the line of intersection of the planes x  y  z  1  0 and perpendicular to the
2 x  y  0 and 3 z  y  0 and is plane x  5 y  3 z  2  0 is
perpendicular to the plane 4 x  5 y  3 z  8 is 1) 7 x  y  6 z  17  0 2) x  y  6 z  27  0
1) 28 x  17 y  9 z  0 2) 28 x  17 y  9 z  0 3) x  2 y  3 z  6  0 4) x+y+6z-27=0
3) 2 x  17 y  9 z  0 4) 2 x  y  z  0 11. The equations of bisectors of angles between
4. The dr’s of a normal to the plane passing YZ-plane and XZ-plane is
through  0, 0,1 ,  0,1, 2  and 1, 2,3 are 1) x  z  0, x  2 z  0 2) x  z  2  0
( EAM-2002) 3) x  z  0, x  z  0 4) x  y  0, x  y  0
1)  0,1, 1 2) 1,0, 1 3)  0, 0, 1 4) 1, 0, 0  EXERCISE-II (H.W)-KEY
1) 4 2) 2 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 1
5. The plane 2 x  3 y  kz  7  0 is parallel to the
7) 3 8) 2 9) 2 10) 3 11) 4
line whose direction ratios are  2, 3,1 then EXERCISE-II (H.W)-HINTS
k 1. Let  a, b, c  be the D.r ’s of the line then
1) 5 2) 8 3) 1 4) 0
Intercept form of a plane: a  b  c  0 , 2a  3b  4c  0 solving
6. A variable plane is at a constant distance 3p a  1, b  2, c  1 .   a, b, c   1, 2,1
from the origin and meets the axes in A, B and 2. The equation of the plane containing BCD
C. The locus of the centroid of the x 1 y2 z 1
triangle ABC is
3 1 2 0
1) x 2  y 2  z 2  p 2  4 x  10 y  11z  27  0
2 3 2
2) x 2  y 2  z 2  4 p 2 23
3) x2  y2  z 2  16 p2 distance from A  .
237
4) x 2  y 2  z 2  9 p 2 3. Any plane through the line is
7. The equation of the plane through the line of 2x – y +  (3z-y)=0 (1)
intersection of the planes given 4x + 5y – 3z –8 =0 (2)
(1) and (2) are perpendicular we have
x  2 y  3 z  1  0 , 2 x  y  z  2  0 and the
3
point 1, 2,3 is 2(4)  5  (1   ))  3 ( 3)  0   
14
1) 7 x  9 y  8 z  0 2) 7 x  y  8 z  0  14 (2 x  y )  3(3 z  y )  0 .
3) x  3 y  2 z  1  0 4) x-3y-2z+1=0  28x  17 y  9 z  0

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 JEE-ADV-JR-MATHS-VOL-IV 3D - PLANES

4. Let A  0, 0,1 , B  0,1, 2  , C 1, 2,3

  EXERCISE - III
AB   0,1,1 , AC  1, 2, 2  ,
   1. If the angles made by the normal of the plane
i j k
  2 x  3 y  4 z  16  0 with the coordinates
AB  AC  0 1 1      
i  2  2  j  0 1  k  0 1  j  k axes X, Y, Z are Cos 1k1 , Cos 1k 2 , Cos 1k3 ,
1 2 2
 D.r’s of normal to the plane are (0, 1, -1) then k1 , k2 , k3 respecitvely are
5. D.r’s of the normal to the plane are (2, 3, k). This
2 3 4 2 3 4
is parallel to the line having D.r’s is  2, 3,1 then 1) , , 2) , ,
29 29 29 29 29 29
2  2   3  3  k 1  0  4  9  k  0  k  5 2 3 4 1 1 1
3) , , 4) , , 
x y z 29 29 29 2 3 4
6. If   1
a b c 2. The two planes represented by
1 1 1 1 12 x 2  2 y 2  6 z 2  7 yz  6 zx  2 xy  0 are
distance from origin = 3p  2
 2 2 2
a b c 9p 1) 2 x  y  2 z  0, 6 x  2 y  3 z  0
 Then a  3x1 , b  3 y1 , c  3z1 2) 2 x  y  2 z  0, 6 x  2 y  3 z  0
1 1 1 1 3) 2 x  y  2 z  4  0, 6 x  2 y  3 z  0
 Locus is x 2  y 2  z 2  p 2 . 4) 2 x  y  2 z  0, 6 x  2 y  3 z  1  0
7. Equation of the plane is 3. If the plane 4  x  1  k  y  2   8  z  5   0
 x  2 y  3z 1  k  2x  y  z  2  0 x 1 y  2 z  5
It passes through (1, 2, 3) then contains the line   , then k
2 4 3
5  5k  0  k  1  Plane is is
 x  2 y  3z  1  1 2 x  y  z  2   0 1) 2 2) 4 3) -8 4) 8
 x  3 y  2z 1  0 4. If the plane 3  x  2    y  2   6  z  3  0
8. Equation of plane parallel to Y-axis is of the both x2 y2 z 3
x z x z contains the line   whose
  1    1  4 x  3 z  12 a b 1
a c 3 4 inclination with X-axis is 600, then it satisfies
9. a  b  5, b  c  7, c  a  6 the equation
 a+b+c = 9.  a = 2, b = 3, c = 4. 1) 6a 2  36a  37  0 2) 36a 2  37  0
10. Equation of the plane is 3) 36a 2  37 a  36  0 4) a  3  0
 2 x  3 y  4 z  7   k  x  y  z  1  0 5. The angle between the planes represented by
It is perpendicular to x  5 y  3 z  2  0 then 2 x 2  6 y 2  12 z 2  18 yz  2 zx  xy  0 is
 k  1  0  k  1 1  16  1  17  1  19  
 Plane is 1) Cos   2) Cos   3) Cos   4)
 21   21   21  2
 2 x  3 y  4 z  7   1 x  y  z  1  0 6. If the equation of the plane passing through the
 x  2 y  3z  6  0 line of intersection of the planes
11. Equation of yz-plane is x  0 , Equation of xz-plane ax  by  cz  d  0, a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d1  0 and
is y  0 perpendicular to the XY-plane is
 Equation of the bisectors of the angles between px  qy  rz  s  0 then S=
x y 1) dc1-d1c 2) dc1+d1c
the planes are    x  y  0, x  y  0 3) dd1+cc1 4) aa1+bb1+cc1.
1 1

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7. If the points (1, 1, -3) and (1, 0, -3) lie on EXERCISE-III - KEY
opposite sides of the plane x  y  3z  d  0 1) 3 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1 5) 1 6) 1 7) 3
then 8) 3 9) 1 10) 4 11) 3 12) 2 13) 1
1) d  7 2) d  8 EXERCISE-III - HINTS
3) 7  d  8 4) d  7 or d  8 . 1. The d.r’s of normal of the plane
8. P is a point such that the sum of the squares of 2 x  3 y  4 z  16  0 are
its distances from the planes x  y  z  0 , ( 2,3, 4 ) and the d.c’s are
x  y  2 z  0, x  y  0 is 5 then the locus of P
 2 3 4 
is  , , 
 29 29 29 
1) x 2  y 2  z 2  10 2) x 2  y 2  z 2  25
2 3 4
3) x 2  y 2  z 2  5 4) x 2  y 2  z 2  50  cos   , cos   , cos  
29 29 29
9. The areas of triangles formed by a plane with
the positive X , Y ; Y , Z ; Z , X axes respectively Where  ,  ,  are the angle made by the normal
are 12, 9, 6 square units then the equation of with X, Y, Z axes respectiely.
the plane is  2  1  3 
  Cos 1   ,   Cos  
x y z x y z  29   29 
1)   1 2)   1
4 6 3 6 3 4
 4 
x y z x y z   Cos 1    k1 , k2 , k3 values are
3)    1 4)    1  29 
4 4 6 3 6 4
2 3 4
10. The plane ax  by  cz   3  0 meet the co- , , respectively
29 29 29
ordinate axes in A,B,C. Then centroid of the
triangle is 2. The product of the equations of planes for the option
(2) is
3 3 3
1) (3a,3b,3c) 2)  a , b , c   2 x  y  2 z  6 x  2 y  3z   0
 
a b c 1 1 1 12 x 2  2 y 2  6 z 2  7 yz  6 xz  2 xy  0
3)  , ,  4)  a , b , c 
3 3 3    correct answer is (2)
11. Equation of the plane passing through the point 3. If a plane contains the line, then its normal and line
(-1,3,2) and perpendicular to each of the planes are perpendicular
x  2 y  3 z  5 and 3 x  3 y  z  0 is  4  2   k  4   8  3  0  i.e., al  bm  cn  0 
1) 7 x  8 y  3 z  0 8  4k  24  0 k  8
2) 7 x  8 y  3 z  37 4. The d.r’s of line are ( a, b,1 )
3) 7 x  8 y  3 z  25  0  The d.c.’s of line are
4) 7 x  8 y  3 z  23  a b 1 
 , , 
12. If P= (0,1,0) and Q = (0,0,1) then the projection 2 2 2 2 2 2
 a  b 1 a  b 1 a  b 1 
of PQ on the plane x  y  z  3 is
a
1) 2 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3  cos 600 
a  b2  1
2

13. A parallelopiped is formed by the planes drawn

through the points (2, 3, 5) and (5, 9, 7) parallel 1 a
 i.e., 2a  a 2  b 2  1
to the coordinate planes. The length of 2 a 2  b2  1
diagonal of the paralleopiped is i.e., 3a 2  b 2  1 ............(1)
1) 7 2) 38 3) 155 4) 7 As the plane contains the given line, we have

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3  a   1 b   6 1  0 ................(2) 13. The lengths of edges are a  5  2  3 ,

Eliminating b from (1) & (2), we get b  93  6 , c  7 5  2

3a 2    6  3a   1
2  Length of the diagonal  a 2  b 2  c 2  7

i.e., 6a 2  36a  37  0 EXERCISE - IV

5. The equation 1. Match the following
2 2 2
2 x  6 y  12 z  18 yz  2 zx  xy  0 List-I List-II
represents two planes and they are a) The image of i)  2,3, 2 
2x  3y  6z  0 .......... 1 (2, 1, 4) in the plane
2x  y  z  5  0
x  2 y  2z  0 ..........  2 
b) The foot of ii)  4,1, 4 
If  is the angle between the planes (1) and (2)
perpendicular from
|  2 1    3  2   6   2  |
cos   (2, 1, 4) in the plane
then 2
2 2    3   6 2 12  2 2  2 2 2x  y  z  5  0
16 16 c) The point lying on iii)  6,5, 0 
   Cos 1
21 21 2x  y  z  5  0
c Which of the following is correct?
6. The plane equation is (ax + by + cz + d) -  c  1) a-iii, b-ii, c-i 2) a-i, b-iii, c-ii
 1 3) a-i, b-ii, c-iii 4) a-iii, b-i, c-ii
(a1x + b1y + c1z + d1) = 0. 2. Observe the following Statements:
7. d-7 and d-8 must have opposite signs Statement I : The image of (0, 0, 0) in the plane
 7 < d < 8. 2 x  3 y  6 z  49  0 is (4, -6, 12)
2 2 Statement II : The foot of the perpendicular
 x1  y1  z1   x1  y1  2 z1 
8.     from (1, 2, 3) to the plane x  y  2 z  9  0 is
 3   6  (3, 4, -1)
2 Which of the following is correct?
x y  1) I is ture, II is true 2) I is true, II is false
  1 1   5  x2  y 2  z 2  5
 2  3) Both I and II are false 4) I is false, II is true
1 1 1 3.  ,  ,  are the angles made by the normal of
9. ab  12 , bc  9 , ca  6 the plane 2 x  3 y  6 z  6  0 with axes X,Y,Z
2 2 2
10. A plane meet co-ordinate axes at respectively. Match the cosine of the angles
given in List I with corresponding values given
3   3   3 in List II.
A  , 0, 0  , B  0, , 0  , C  0, 0, 
a   b   c List-I List-II
a) cos  i) 6 / 7
1 1 1
 Centroid G=  , ,  b) cos  ii) 3 / 7
a b c
c) cos  iii) 2 / 7
11. Equation of the plane is
The correct match from list I to list II is
a ( x  1)  b( y  3)  c ( z  2)  0 1) a-i, b-ii, c-iii 2) a-ii, b-i, c-iii
a  2b  3c  0 3a  3b  c  0 3) a-ii, b-iii, c-i 4) a-iii, b-ii, c-i
4. The coordinates of a point P are (1, 2, -1).
12. If L, M are the feet of the perpendiculars from
Match the plane given in List I with
P, Q to the plane then projection of PQ is LM.
corresponding perpendicular distance from

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the point P to their planes given in List II LINKED COMPREHENSIVE TYPE

List-I List-II PASSAGE
a) 2 x  y  z  2  0 i) 1
Let two planes p1 : 2 x  y  z  2 , and
7
b) x  y  6 z  0 ii) p2 : x  2 y  z  3 are given .
6
7. The equation of the plane passing through the
7 intersection of P1 and P2 and the point
c) 3 x  2 y  6 z  6  0 iii)
38
(3, 2,1) is
Which of the following is correct?
1) a-ii, b-i, c-iii 2) a-i, b-ii, c-iii 1) 3 x  y  2 z  9  0 2) x  3 y  2 z  1  0
3) a-iii, b-ii, c-i 4) a-ii, b-iii, c-i 3) 2 x  3 y  z  1  0 4) 4 x  3 y  2 z  8  0
ASSERTION & REASON 8. Equation of the plane which passes through
The following questions consist of two the point ( 1,3, 2) and is perpendicular to each
statements one labelled as , Assertion (A) and of the planes P1 and P2 is
the other labelled as Reason (R) Y ou are to
examine these two statements carefully and 1) x  3 y  5 z  2  0 2) x  3 y  5 z  18  0
decide if the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) 3) x  3 y  5 z  20  0 4) x  3 y  5 z  0
are individually true and if so,whether the 9. The equation of the acute angle bisector of
Reason (R) is the correct explanation for the
given Assertion (A) select your answer to these planes P1 and P2 is
items using the codes given below and then 1) x  3 y  2 z  1  02) 3 x  y  5  0
select the correct option 3) x  3 y  2 z  1  0 4) 3x  z  7  0
Codes:
10. The equation of the bisector of angle of the
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is
the correct explanation of A planes P1 and P2 which not containing
(B) Both A and R individually true but R is not origin is
the correct explanation of A 1) x  3 y  2 z  1  0 2) x  3 y  5
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true 3) x  3 y  2 z  2  0 4) 3 x  y  5
5. Assertion (A) : The equation of the plane 11. The image of plane P1 in the plane mirror P2
through the intersection of the planes is
x  y  z  6 and 2 x  3 y  4 z  5  0 and the 1) x  7 y  4 z  5  0 2) 3 x  4 y  5 z  9  0
point ( 4,4,4) is 29 x  23 y  17 z  276 3) 7 x  y  2 z  9  0 4) 7 x  y  9 z  9  0
Reason (R) : Equation of the plane through
EXERCISE-IV-KEY
the line of intersection of the planes P1  0 and 1) 4 2)1 3) 4 4) 4 5) 1 6) 1
P2  0 is P1   P2  0 (   0 ) 7) 2 8) 3 9) 1 10) 4 11) 3
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D EXERCISE-IV-HINTS
6 . Assertion (A) : The points (2,1, 5) and (3, 4,3) 1. a) Let the image of (2, 1, 4) in the plane
lie on opposite side of the 2 x  y  z  5  0 be  x1 , y1 , z1  then
plane 2 x  2 y  2 z  1  0
x1  2 y1  1 z1  4 2 2  2  1  4  5
Reason (R) : The algebraic perpendicular    2 2 2
distance from the given points to the line have 2 1 1  2    1  1  4
opposite sign
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D x1  8  2  6; y1  4  1
 5, z  4  4  0
 The image is (-6, 5, 0)

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b) Since the image point of (2, 1, 4) is

| 3 1  2  2   6  1  6 |
(-6, 5, 0), the mid point of them is the foot of the  1
2 2 2
perpendicular  3   2    6 
i.e., (-2, 3, 2) 5. Equation of the plane passes through the line of
c) As the matches (-4, 1, 4), (-6, 5, 0)+5 = 0 is (- intersection of planes
4, 1, 4) verification is 2(-4)-1+4-5 = 0
x  y  z  6 and 2 x  3 y  4 z  5  0 is
2. I : Let the image of (0, 0, 0) in the palne
( x  y  z  6)   (2 x  3 y  4 z  5)  0 .
2 x  3 y  6 z  49  0 be  x1 , y1 , z1  , then
6
x1  0 y1  0 z1  0 It passes through (4, 4, 4)   
  41
2 3 6
6. The distances from the points to the plane, we get
2  0  0  0  49  5 7
 2 2 2
2 and
 2    3    6  2 3 2 3

 x1  4, y1  6, 1 12 7. p1   p2  0 passes through (3, 2,1)

The image point is (4, -6, 12)    1
It is true 8. Equation of the plane passes through
II : The point (3, 4, -1) lies on x  y  2 z  9  0 ( 1,3, 2)
is a ( x  1)  b( y  3)  c ( z  2)  0.....(1)
 3  4  2  9  0 
The d.r’s of normal are (1, 1,-2) and that of line (1) is perpendicular to p1 and p2 we get
joining (1, 2, 3), (3, 4, -1) are
a b c
(2, 2, -4). Hence II is also true.  
1 3 5
3. The normal d.r’s are (2, -3, 6)
9. (2)( 1)  (1)( 2)  ( 1)(1)  1  0
 2 3 6 
 Its d.c’s are  , ,  acute angle bisector is
7 7 7
( 2 x  y  z  2)  ( x  2 y  z  3)
2 3 6
 cos   , cos   , cos   10. Equation of bisector not containing the orgin is
7 7 7
(2 x  y  z  2) ( x  2 y  z  3)
 a-ii, b-ii, c-i 
6 6
4. a) The perpendicular distance from (1, 2, -1) to
2 x  y  z  2  0 is 11. The image of the plane p1 in the plane
2 1   1  2     1   2 7 mirror p2 then

2 2
2 2  1     1  6 2(2(1)  1(2)  1( 1))( x  2 y  z  3) 
(1  4  1).(2 x  y  z  2)
b) Similarly for the plane x  y  6 z  0
perpendicular distance ************

|1  2  6  1 | 7
 
2 2 2
1   1   6  38

c) For the plane 3 x  2 y  6 z  6  0

perpendicular distance

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