MATHEMATICS GRADE 10

PAPER 2

Statistics (Ungrouped data)

GRADE 10 CONTENT

Teacher!!!
GRADE 10 CONTENT
GRADE 10 CONTENT
Exam Guidelines
GRADE 10 CONTENT

Lesson !!!
 INTRODUCTION
➢ Data handling refers to the process of gathering, recording and
presenting information in a way that is helpful to others - for instance, in
graphs or charts.
 INTRODUCTION
➢ The word data is the plural of the word datum which means “a piece of
unorganized information”.
• Organizing Data
✓ In order to make sense of the data, we need to organise the data.
✓ Different sets of data can be sorted in different ways:
You can write the data items in either alphabetical or numerical order.
For example:
o The words elephant ; lion; frog and crocodile can be ordered in
alphabetical order as follows: crocodile; elephant; frog; lion

o The numbers 32,1; 32,001; 32,0001 and 32,01 can be ordered in

ascending numerical order as follows: 32,0001; 32,001; 32,01 and 32,1
 Discussion with the Learners

Zanele did a survey of 10 of her friends. She asked them

how many siblings they had. The results of her survey were Your sibling is
organized in a table as shown below called frequency table your brother
or sister.
Number of siblings 0 1 2 3
Frequency 2 3 4 1

Frequency : When collecting

data, the number of times a
particular item occurs is
called its frequency.
 INTRODUCTION

We can use the following tools to organize and display data :

• Frequency table
• Bar chart
• Tally table
• Stem-and-leaf diagram
• Histogram
• Frequency polygon,
• Box-whisker diagram
Examples
SORTING AND REPRESENTING DATA GRAPHICALLY

UNGROUPED DATA
➢ Representing ungrouped data using frequency tables and bar
charts.

➢ Ungroup data :
SORTING AND REPRESENTING DATA GRAPHICALLY
SORTING AND REPRESENTING DATA GRAPHICALLY

Example 1. In a survey of 1m quadrats in a field the number of snails in each of 30

quadrats was recorded as follows:

1 2 4 0 2 3 1 4 2 3 5 2 2 3 2
2 3 1 23 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 2 3 3

1. Copy and complete the frequency table below:

Number of 0 1 2 3 4 5
snails
2. Frequency
Hence, draw a bar chart to show the number of snails.
WORKING AREA
 SOLUTION

Note:

• In the bar chart, the bars are all the same width.
• Space between bars is uniform.
• Bars can be vertical (as shown above) or
horizontal.
• Frequency represent the height of the bars.
 SOLUTION

12 11

10
8
8
Frequency

6 5

4 3
2
2 1

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

Number of snails
ACTIVITY 1
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

An average or measure of central tendency is a single number which is used to

represent a collection of numerical data. The commonly used averages are the
mean, median and mode.

Mode : The mode is the data item that occurs most frequently
Example : Find the mode of the following sets of data:
a) 3; 8; 9; 12; 17; 11; 9; 1; 10; 18

Solution :
✓ First arrange the data in ascending order: 1; 3; 8; 9; 9; 10; 11; 12; 17; 18
✓ Look for the value that occurs most frequently: 1; 3; 8; 9; 9; 10; 11; 12; 17; 18
Mode = 9
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

Median :
The median is the middle value when all values are placed in ascending or
descending order.

Find the median of the following two sets of data:

a) 4; 7; 1; 9; 4; 9; 11; 10; 19; 2; 5; 8; 19
b) b) 4; 6; 1; 9; 4; 8; 11; 10; 19; 2; 5; 7; 19; 3
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

SOLUTION:
a) First arrange the data in ascending order: 1; 2; 4; 4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 9; 10; 11; 19; 19 There are
13 data items, and 13 is an odd number.
The middle item is the 7th one: 1; 2; 4; 4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 9; 10; 11; 19; 19
The median = 8
Note that there are six data items to the left of 8 and six data items to the right of 8.

b) First arrange the data in ascending order: 1; 2; 3; 4; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11;19; 19

There are 14 data items, and 14 is an even number.
The 7th and 8th terms are the two middle data items: 1; 2; 3; 4; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11;19; 19
The median is halfway between 6 and 7, so the median
6+7
=
2
= 13 = 6,5
2
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

Fourteen of the learners in a Grade 10 class were asked to work out how
many kilometers they lived from school. The following list of data shows the
distances in km:
4; 7; 1; 9; 4; 8; 11; 10; 19; 2; 5; 7; 19; 3
a) Calculate the mean distance these fourteen learners live from school.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

Solution :
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to work out with a calculator • Can only be used for numbers and measurements
Mean • Uses all the data • Not always one of the values
• What most people think of as the average • A few very large or small numbers can affect its size
• Easy to find when the values are in order • Can only be used for numbers and measurements
• Is one of the values if you have an odd number • A lot of values can take a long time to put in order
Median
of values • May not be one of the values if you have an even
number of values
• Can be found for any kind of data • Not very useful for small amounts of data
• Simple to find because you count, not calculate • May be more than one item
Mode • Always one of the items in the data • Does not exist if there is an equal number of each
• Quick and easy to find from a frequency table, item
bar graph or pie chart.
ACTIVITY 2
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
ACTIVITY 2 (continued)
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
 MEASURES OF DISPERSION

- Measure how data is spread around the mean or

median.
- Are: range, quartiles, deciles, percentiles, interquartile
range, semi-interquartile range.

Definitions
▪ Range = largest score – smallest score
▪ Quartiles are measures of dispersion around the
median.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
 MEASURES OF DISPERSION

The Five Number Summary :

✓ The five number summary consists of 5 items
1) The minimum value in the data set;
2) Q1, the lower quartile;
3) Q2, the median;
4) Q3, the upper quartile;
5) The maximum value in the data set.
Work Area
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
SOLUTION
ACTIVITY 3
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
ACTIVITY 3 (continued)
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SOLUTION
ACTIVITY 3
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SOLUTION
Five number summary
Five number summary
ACTIVITY 4 [Extension of Act. 3]
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
ACTIVITY 4 [Extension of Act. 3]
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
ACTIVITY 4 (continued)
WORKING AREA
SOLUTION
Extra activities
Solution
Solution
 Extra activities

1.1.5. comment on the skewness on the box and whisker (1)

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Solution
Solution
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1.6. comment on the skewness on the box and whisker (1)

 Extra activities

1.4. comment on the skewness on the box and whisker and support your answer (1)
Solution
 Extra activities

comment on the skewness on the box and whisker and support your answer
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 Concluding Remarks

The NEXT lesson will still focus

on Statistics , which links with
the work we completed today

101
 Concluding Remarks

Following our today lesson, I Repeat this procedure until you are
want you to do the to: confident.

Read through what the learner need to Do not forget: Practice makes
understand and master in your learner perfect!
material.

Complete the activities

Attempt as many as possible other similar examples on your own from the
Text-Book and the past exam papers.
102
Thank you