Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

SMART FARM: Crop, Fertiliser and Disease

Management through Machine Learning and Deep
Learning Applications
Muttareddy Bhavika1 ; Pannala Ashwanth2 ; Valaboju Abhishek3
Department of AI & ML
1
CMR Engineering College Medchal, Hyderabad
(cmrec.ac.in)

Abstract:- In the environment of global challenges their capacity to explore the complexities ofmodern farming.
similar as population growth, climate change, and This purpose underscores a dedication to leveraging
resource constraints, the agrarian sector faces significant technology for the betterment of the agricultural sector and
pressure to enhance productivity and sustainability. This the livelihoods of those dependent on it.
paper explores the conception and perpetration of a
Smart Farm, which leverages advanced technologies  Existing System & Disadvantages
similar as the Internet of effects( IoT), artificial The existing agricultural system is characterized
intelligence( AI), big data analytics, and robotics to by challenges such as suboptimal crop choices, imprecise
optimize husbandry practices. The Smart husbandry, fertilizer application, and delayed identification of plant
automated ministry, and data driven decision-making diseases. These limitations often result in decreased yields
processes to increase crop yields, reduce resource and increased operational costs for farmers. This section
consumption, and ameliorate environmental delves into the disadvantages of traditional farming
stewardship. Case studies punctuate successful practices, emphasizing the urgent need for a more
operations of these technologies in colorful husbandry sophisticated and technologically advanced solution. By
surrounds, demonstrating significant advancements in highlighting the shortcomings of the current system, the
effectiveness and sustainability. The findings emphasize stage is set for introducing Smart Farm as a transformative
the eventuality of Smart granges to transfigure solution capable of overcoming these challenges.
traditional husbandry into a largely productive, flexible,
and sustainable assiduity, able of meeting unborn food  Proposed System with Features
security demands. The proposed Smart Farm system represents a ground
breaking departure from conventional farming methods.
I. INTRODUCTION Drawing on the latest advancements in artificial intelligence,
machine learning, and deep learning, the stage presents a
The introduction of Smart Farm signifies a pivotal extend of highlights planned to address existing short
moment in the evolution of agriculture, where technological comings comprehensively. Personalized crop
innovation intersects with traditional farming practices. The recommendations based on detailed soil characteristics
core objective of this pioneering platform is to usher in a ensure that farmers make informed choices aligned with
new era of agricultural efficiencyby harnessing the power of their specific agricultural conditions. Precise fertilizer
machine learning and deep learning. By doing so, Smart applications, guided by data-driven insights, optimize
Farm aspires to empower farmers with precise and data- nutrient levels, minimizing waste and maximizing crop
driven recommendations, enabling them to make informed yields. The swift identification of plant diseases through
decisions that significantly impact crop yields and overall advanced algorithms enables proactive and targeted
farm profitability. This introduction sets the stage for a interventions, minimizing losses. In essence, the proposed
transformative journey that aligns with the global trend of system encapsulates a holistic approach to modern
embracing advanced technologies to address critical agriculture. By combining these features, Smart Farm seeks
challenges in agriculture. not onlyto resolve existing challenges but also to elevate the
entire agricultural sector to new heights of efficiency and
 Purpose of the Project sustainability. This integrated and forward-looking approach
At the heart of the Smart Farm project is a commitment positions Smart Farm as a transformative force in the fusion
to addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by farmers, of technology and agriculture, promising tangible benefits
particularly in agriculturally significant regions like India. for farmers and contributingto the by and large advancement
The purpose is clear – to equip farmers with the tools and and quality of the rural industry. The main objective of our
insights needed to optimize their agricultural practices. By work is for development of the project, we will be creating
providing tailored recommendations for crop selection, individual work packages, which will be manually
precise fertilizer applications, and early detection of plant beneficial for the guide as well as us
diseases, the project aims to empower farmers and improve

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

 Objective-1 Crop Recommendation:  Tailored Recommendations for Crop Selection

Personalized recommendations for crop selection
 To develop a deep learning model, such as a based on soil characteristics have gained attention in recent
convolutional neural network (CNN) or recurrent neural literature. Research by Mary S Megyesi 1 discusses the
network (RNN), to classifyand detect deep fakes. impact of tailored recommendations on crop yields and
overall farm profitability. Smart Farm's commitment to
 Objective-2 Fertilizer Recommendation: providing farmers with specific guidance for crop selection
resonates with this body of work, underlining the potential
 Algorithm Evaluation: Compare the performance of benefits of such an approach.
different deep fake detection algorithms and evaluate
their strengths and limitations  Transformative Approaches in Agriculture
. The overarching theme in the literature survey is the
 Objective-3 Plant Disease Prediction: transformative potential of technology in agriculture. Works
by Stephen P Nawrocki and Neal H Haskell explore similar
 To develop a user-friendly interface or application that projects that leverage advanced technologies to empower
allows users to upload and analyze videos or images for farmers and drive agricultural excellence. Smart Farm aligns
deep fakecontent. with this trend, representing a forward-looking and
comprehensive solution that aims to redefine the landscape
II. LITERATURE SURVEY of modern agriculture.

The crossing point of innovation and horticulture has In summary, the literature survey highlights a growing
been a subject of expanding intrigued, with a developing consensus on the pivotal role of technology, particularly
body of literature recognizing the transformative potential of machine learning and deep learning, in revolutionizing
machine learning and significant learning applications in the agriculture. The Smart Farm project not only aligns with
agricultural sector. A comprehensive review of existing these findings but also introduces a holistic and integrated
literature highlights key trends and insights, providing approach, contributing to the ongoing discourse on the
valuable context for the Smart Farm project. synergy between technology and agriculture for sustainable
and efficient farming practices.
 Technology Integration in Agriculture
Numerous studies emphasize the pivotal role of III. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
technology in modernizing agriculture. The integration of
advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence and  Problem Specification
machine learning, has been identified as a catalyst for The Smart Farm project is strategically designed to
improved decision-making and enhanced agricultural confront and overcome significant challenges prevalent in
practices. Research by Shaojie Bai underscores the contemporary agriculture. One of the foremost challenges
importance of technology adoption in addressing the tackled by the project is the issue of suboptimal crop
challenges faced by farmers, particularly choices. Farmers frequently encounter challenges in
distinguishing the most reasonable crops tailored to their
 Precision Agriculture and Crop Management unique soil conditions and prevailing climate. By leveraging
Precision agriculture has emerged as a focal point in advanced technologies and data-driven insights, Smart Farm
the literature, with an emphasis on optimizing resource aims to provide farmers with precise recommendations for
utilization. Scholars like George have explored the benefits crop selection, hereby optimizing agricultural practices and
of precision agriculture in crop management, showcasing enhancing overall yield. Another critical challenge
how data driven approaches can lead to more efficient use of addressed by the Smart Farm initiative is the problem of
fertilizers and other resources. This aligns closely with the imprecise fertilizer application. The current lack of precision
proposed features of Smart Farm, which look for to offer in the application of fertilizers contributes to inefficient
extra fertilizer proposals based on soil characteristics. nutrient utilization, negatively impacting crop yields.
Moreover, this imprecision raises environmental concerns
 Early Disease Detection in Plants due to excessive use of fertilizers. Smart Farm endeavors to
The literature highlights the significance of early rectify this by implementing data-driven solutions that offer
disease detection in preventing crop losses. Studies by precise recommendations for fertilizer application,
Jessica Snyder Sachs delve into the application of machine optimizing nutrient levels, and mitigating the environmental
learning for swift identification of plant diseases, impact associated with conventional methods. Additionally,
emphasizing the importance of proactive measures. This the project takes on the issue of delayed plant disease
adjust with one of the key highlights of keen cultivate which identification, a pivotal concern in agricultural practices.
aims to rapidly identify and address plant diseases Timely detection and intervention in plant diseases are
throughadvanced algorithms. paramount for minimizing crop losses and ensuring
agricultural sustainability. Traditional methods often lead to
delays in identifying these diseases, thereby hindering swift
intervention. Smart Farm employs cutting-edge
technologies, including advanced algorithms, to enable early

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

and accurate identification of plant diseases. By doing so, Farm project, aiming to provide farmers with precise and
the project aims to empower farmers with timely reliable recommendations for crop selection and early
information, facilitating prompt and targeted interventions to detection of diseases. This implementation ensures that the
safeguard crop health and mitigate losses. In essence, the system adapts and evolves based on the collected data,
Smart Farm project emerges as a comprehensive solution, enhancing its accuracy over time. Furthermore, the system is
leveraging technology to address key challenges and usher designed to offer real-time updates, providing farmers with
in a modern time of efficiency and sustainability in modern immediate information on the status of their crops, alerts
agriculture. about potential diseases, andrecommendations for optimized
fertilizer application. This real-time aspect enhances the
 Modules and their Functionalities system's responsiveness and allows farmers to make timely
The Savvy Cultivate frame work embranaces a and informed decisions, contributing to overall efficiency in
measured approach, with distinct components designed to agricultural practices.
cater to specific functionalities crucial for optimizing
agricultural practices. The Crop Recommendation Module  Non-Functional Requirements
stands out as a pivotal component, employing sophisticated In addition to the specific functionalities, the Smart
machine learning algorithms to scrutinize soil characteristics Farm system incorporates non-functional requirements,
comprehensively. This module plays a pivotal role in addressing broader aspects crucial for its overall
offering farmers personalized recommendations, facilitating performance and user experience. Firstly, the system's
optimal crop selection tailored to the unique conditions of performance is a key focus, emphasizing its ability to handle
their land. Complementing the Crop Recommendation large volumes of data efficiently. This entails the system's
Module, the Fertilizer Optimization Module is dedicated to capacity to process extensive agricultural data promptly,
providing precise recommendations for fertilizer application. ensuring that farmers receive timely recommendations
This is achieved through the analysis of data-driven insights, without encountering significant delays. Secondly, the
ensuring the optimization of nutrient levels. By doing so, the usability of the system is highlighted, with a particular
module not only enhances crop yields but also minimizes emphasis on the user interface. The interface is designed to
the environmental impact associated with conventional, be intuitive, catering to farmers with varying levels of
imprecise fertilizer application practices. A core aspect of technological proficiency. This ensures that users can easily
the Smart Farm system is the Disease Detection Module, navigate the platform, input data, and interpret the
which implements advanced algorithms for the early recommendations seamlessly, fostering a user-friendly
identification of plant diseases. experience. Lastly, the non-functional requirement of
security is paramount. The Smart Farm system implements
This proactive approach enables the system to swiftly robust security measures to safeguard sensitive farmer data.
recognize potential threats to crops, allowing for prompt and This includes measures to prevent unauthorized access,
targeted interventions. By facilitating timely responses, this maintain data integrity, and ensure the confidentiality of
module contributes significantly to minimizing crop losses information. By prioritizing these non-functional
and maintaining the overall healthof agricultural produce. requirements, Smart Farm aims to provide a reliable, user-
friendly, and secure platform for farmers, promoting its
To ensure accessibility and user-friendly interaction, overall effectiveness and adoption within the agricultural
the User Interface Module serves as the gateway for farmers community.
to engage with the Smart Farm system seamlessly. It
provides an intuitive platform for farmers to access  Feasibility Study
personalized recommendations, input relevant data about
their land, and receive real-time updates on crop status and  A Feasibility Study Assesses the Viability of the Smart
recommended interventions. This user-centric design ensures Farm Project:
that farmers, regardless of their technological proficiency, Technical Feasibility the project leverages proven
can navigate the system effortlessly, maximizing the technologies and algorithms, ensuring technical feasibility.
practical utility of the Smart Farm platform. In essence, Economic Feasibility assessing the cost effectiveness of the
these modules collectively form a comprehensive and project, factoring in development, maintenance, and
integrated system, representing a significant leap in the potential benefits to farmers. Operational Feasibility
fusion of technology and agriculture for enhanced evaluating how well the system integrates with existing
productivity and sustainability. farming practices and the ease with which farmers can adopt
and utilize the technology. Legal and Ethical Feasibility
 Functional Requirements ensuring compliance with legal standards and ethical
The Smart Farm system is designed with specific considerations regarding data privacy and usage. The
functional requirements to ensure its effectiveness in software requirement analysis sets the stage for the
assisting farmers. First and foremost, the system enables development of Smart Farm, outlining the problems
farmers to input crucial data, such as soil characteristics, addressed, the functionalities of each module, specific
facilitating a personalized and accurate analysis. This data requirements, and the feasibility of the project.
input and retrieval feature form the foundation for the
system's subsequent functionalities. Leveraging robust
machine learning algorithms is a key aspect of the Smart

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

IV. SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

REQUIREMENTS  Hardware Requirements

 Software Requirements  System: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5

 Hard Disk: 250 GB
 Operating system: Windows 11.  Monitor: 14’ Color Monitor.
 Coding Language: Python.  Mouse: Optical Mouse
 IDLE: Python IDLE Version-3.4.7 Database: SQLite3  Ram: 8G

 Windows 11 OS is a Microsoft operating system for  An Intel Corei5 is an Intel proprietary processor that is
personal computers, tablets, embedded devices and built on the framework of multiprocessor architecture. It
internet of things devices. is a type of dual-core processor with an integrated
 Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level graphic processing unit (GPU). It is a successor of the
programming language with dynamic semantics. It is Center 2 series of processors produced by Intel.
a computer programming language often used to  The hard drive is where all your permanent computer
build websites and software, automate tasks, and data is stored. Whenever you save a file, photo, or
conduct data analysis. Python is a general- purpose software to your computer, it's stored in your hard drive.
dialect meaning it can be utilized to make a Most hard drives have storage space between 250GB and
1TB.
assortment of diverse programs and isn’t
 A Screen is an electronic yelid device that is also known
specialized for any specifi problems..
as a video display terminal (VDT) or a video display unit
 IDLE is Python's Integrated Development and Learning (VDU). It is utilized to show pictures content,video, and
Environment. IDLE has the following features: coded in graphics information generated by a connected computer
100% pure Python, using the tinker GUI toolkit. via a computer's video card
crossplatform: works mostly the same on Windows, Unix,
 RAM stands for random-access memory, but what does
and macOS. Python IDLE offers a full-fledged file editor,
that mean? Your computer. RAM is essentially short term
which gives you the capacity to sort in compose and
memory where data is stored as the processor needs it.
execute Python programs from within this program. The
This isn't to be confused with long-term data that's stored
builtin record editor too incorporates a few highlights,
on your hard drive, which stays there even when your
like code completion and automatic indentation, that will
computer is turned off.
speed up your codingworkflow.
 Software Design

Fig 1 Data Flow Diagram

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

 UML Diagrams

 Use Case Diagram

A smart farm system integrates various technologies to optimize agricultural operations and maximize yields. At the core of
this system is the farmer, who interacts with it through a range of activities depicted in the use case diagram. Through the
"Monitor Environment" functionality, farmers can keep track of crucial factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture
levels using sensors and devices spread across the farm.

Fig 2 Use Case Diagram

 Sequence Diagram
The sequence diagram illustrates the interactions between different components of the smart farm system to monitor and
control environmental conditions. This sequence diagram highlights the iterative nature of the smart farm system, where data-
driven decisions and automated control mechanisms work together to optimize agricultural operations and maximize yields.

Fig 3 Sequence Diagram

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

 Class Diagram  End:

In a class diagram depicting a smart farm system, the Finally, the activity diagram concludes with the end
central class is often denoted as "Smart Farm," serving as node, signifying the completion of the smart farm.
the main entity encapsulating the system's functionalities.
The "Smart Farm" class contains attributes representing key
components such as sensors, control systems, and reports.
These attributes facilitate the management and organization
of data within the system

Fig 5 Activity Diagram

Fig 4 Class Diagram
V. CONCLUSION
 Activity Diagram
This activity diagram illustrates the sequential flow of The integration of machine learning in smart farming,
actions within a smart farm system, from monitoring and
specifically for crop, fertilizer, and disease management,
data collection to decision making, control, and feedback. It
represents a significant leap towards sustainable and
demonstrates the dynamic and iterative nature of the system
efficient agricultural practices. By harnessing the control of
as it continuously adapts to changing environmental
information analytics and AI-driven experiences, ranchers
conditions to optimize agricultural operations and maximize
can make informed choices in real-time, optimizing asset
yields. allocation maximizing yield, and minimizing environmental
impact. Machine learning algorithms enable predictive
 Start: models that can forecast crop growth patterns, detect
The activity diagram begins with the start node, nutrient deficiencies, and identify early signs of diseases.
indicating the initiation of the smart farm system. This proactive approach empowers farmers to implement
targeted interventions precisely when needed, thereby
 Monitoring Environment:
reducing wastage of assets such as water, fertilizers, and
From the start node, the process flows to the "Monitor
pesticides. Moreover, the scalability of these technologies
Environment" activity. Within this activity, the system allows for adaptation across various farm sizes and types,
continuously monitors environmental conditions such as from smallholder farms to large agricultural enterprises.
temperature, humidity, and soil moisture.
This democratization of advanced agricultural practices has
the potential to enhance food security and economic
 Data Collection: viability for farmers worldwide. However, challenges such
Subsequently, the system engages in the "Data as data privacy, framework necessities, and get to to
Collection" activity. This involves gathering real-time data
innovation require to be addressed to ensure equitable
from sensors distributed throughout the farm.
benefits across all agricultural sectors. Collaborative efforts

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL549

between researchers, policymakers, and industry

stakeholders will be crucial in overcoming these hurdles
and fostering a sustainable future for agriculture. In essence,
the convergence of machine learning with agriculture not
only revolutionizes farming practices but also paves the way
for a more resilient and productive global food system. By
embracing these technological advancements, we can
cultivate a future where precision farming is the norm,
ensuring nourishment security, natural stewardship, and
economicprosperity for generations to come.

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