WEEK

Determining Relationship Between Differentiability

& Continuity of a Function 5
I Lesson
After going through this learning material, you are expected to: 1.) deter-
mine the relationship between differentiability and continuity of a function; 2.)
apply differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an algebraic, exponen-
tial, logarithmic, trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.
Note: Please answer all the learning tasks in a separate sheet of paper.

Learning Task1: Determine if the following graphs are continuous or discontin-

uous.
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

D
Learning Task 2: Determine if the following graphs and functions are differentia-
ble or not. Show your solution. Do this in your notebook.

1. at x=0 3. at x=2

2. at x=2 4. at x=1

Guide Question:
1. How can we say that a given function at point a is differentiable or not?

35 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 The relationship between continuity and differentiability is summarized be-
low.
1. If a function is differentiable at x = c, then it is continuous at x = c. So,
differentiability implies continuity.
2. It is possible for a function to be continuous at x = c and not be differen-
tiable at x = c. So, continuity does not imply differentiability.

Proof: Since f is differentiable at a,

exists.
Then

This is okay because for limit at a.

Thus, Hence, , and if we add the constant

to both sides, we get

which is the definition of continuity of f at x = a .

Remember:
All differentiable functions are continuous. But not all continuous functions are

Learning Task 3: Explain the following

statement using the figure.

A. Differentiability implies continuity.

B. Continuity does not imply differen-
tiability.

DIFFERENTIABILITY IMPLIES CONTINUITY

Discuss the differentiability and continuity of the function at x = 3.

Solution:
Consider left hand limit at x=3 Similarly consider right hand limit
at x=3

So we get

Substituting the value of h

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON 36
Here, value of function at x=3 Similarly consider right hand limit at x=3

We know that left hand derivative at

x=3

It can be written as

It can be written as

By substituting the value of h,

By substituting the value of h,

Here the left and right derivatives are equal, therefore the function is con-
tinuous and differentiable at x=3.
Note: In the relationship of differentiation and continuity of functions, if a func-
tion is differentiable at x = c, then it is continuous at x = c. So, differentiability
implies continuity.

CONTINUITY DOES NOT IMPLY DIFFERENTIABILITY

Discuss the differentiability and continuity of the function

at x = 2.
Solution:
We know that this function is continuous at x=2, based on its graph.

37 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 Since the one sided derivatives f ′(2− )
and f ′(2+ ) are not equal, f ′ (2) does not exist.
That is, f is not differentiable at x = 2. At all
other points, the function is differentiable.

Note: In the relationship of differentiation and continuity of functions, it is possi-

ble for a function to be continuous at x = c and not be differentiable at x = c. So,
continuity does not imply differentiability.

E
Learning Task 4: In the functions given below, identify if:
A. differentiable and continuous
B. Continuous but not differentiable
C. Neither continuous nor differentiable.

1. at x=0 3 . at x=1

2. at x=2 4. at x=1

Learning Task 5: In the functions given below, identify if:

A. differentiable and continuous
B. Continuous but not differentiable
C. Neither continuous nor differentiable.

1. at x=0 3. at x=2

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON 38
2. at x=2 4. at x=1

A
Learning Task 6: In this learning material, you learned two lessons that focused
on the relationship between differentiability and continuity of a function. Your
task is to complete the reflection activity below.

Learning Task 7: Determine the following functions are continuous, differentia-

ble, neither or both at a point.

39 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
 DIFFERENTIATION RULES

I Lesson 6
After going through this learning material, you are expected to: 1. illustrate
different differentiation rules ; 2.) apply differentiation rules in computing the de-
rivative of an algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric functions and in-
verse trigonometric functions.
Note: Please answer all the learning tasks in a separate sheet of paper.

Learning Task 1
Direction: Find the derivatives of the functions from the first principle. Write the
solution inside the box.

Solution:
Solution:

Solution:
Solution:

D
Learning Task 2
Direction: Let y = f(x). Note any pattern and use this to determine the derivative
of the other functions.

Guide Questions:
Function Derivative
1. Based on the pattern, what is the
f(x) = x2 f’(x) =2x
derivative of a function in the form
f(x) = x3 f’(x) = 3x2 f(x) =xn? We call it the “derivative of
a power rule”.
f(x) = x4 f’(x) = 4x3
2. How does it compare to the previ-
f(x) = x5
ous method (that makes use of de-
f(x) = x6 rivative definition)?

Learning Task 3: Discover the other differentiation rules that make calculations
easier. Find out about the constant, constant time function, sum or difference,
product rule, quotient rule and chain rule of differentiation.

1.1. a) From the different differentiation rules stated, what do you think best de-
scribe the given functions :
f(x) = 4x2 , g(x) = 2x3, h(x) = 3x4

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON 40
 b) Compare the results with the derivatives of x 2, x3, and x4 obtained
earlier. What do you think is the derivative of h(x)?
f’(x) = 8x g’(x)= 6x² h’(x) = ________
c) Copy and complete:
“If f(x) = cu(x) , then f’(x) = ________________________”

1.2. a) From the different differentiation rules stated what do you think best
describe the given functions :
f(x) = 4x2 + 2x, g(x) = 2x3 + 3x
b) Compare the results with the previous activity, what do you think is the
derivative of h(x)?
f’(x) = 8x + 2, g’(x) = ___________
c) Copy and complete:
“If f(x) = u(x) + v(x) , then f’(x) = _______________”
1.3. a) From the different differentiation rules stated, what do you think best
describe the given functions : :
f(x) = 4x2 – 2x, g(x) = 2x3 – 3x
b) Identify the pattern by comparing results to previous activities.
f’(x) = 8x-2 g’(x) = __________
c) Copy and complete:
“If f(x) = u(x) – v(x) , then f’(x) =____________”

Learning Task 4: With reference to the activity in learning task # 3, find the
derivatives of the following function using differentiation rules discovered in the
previous activities.

Let and . Find

Guide Question:

Which way is easier in calculating derivatives, the first principle or the rules in
differentiation?
DERIVATIVES OF A FUNCTION

The basic rules of differentiation are presented here along with several ex-
amples. Remember that if y = f(x) is a function then the derivative of y can be rep-

resented by or y’ or f’ or
Rule 1: The Derivative of a Constant.
The derivative of a constant is zero.

Example. Differentiate k(x) = 30 , k’(x) = 0

Rule 2: The Power Rule.

The derivative of is

Example, Differentiate y = x →

41 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Rule 3: The Derivative of a Constant times a Function.
The derivative of kf(x), where k is a constant, is kf’ (x).

Example. Differentiate y = 3x² . In this case f(x) = x² and k = 3, therefore the de-
rivative is .

Rule 4: The Derivative of a Sum or a Difference.

If f(x) = h(x) ± g(x), then = ±

Example. Differentiate In this case and and so

and . Therefore, .

Rule 5: The Product Rule

The derivative of the product y = u(x)v(x), where u and v are both functions

of x is
Example. Differentiate Let and

Therefore, and

Therefore, using the formula for the product rule,

we get,
=
=
Rule 6: The Quotient Rule.
The derivative of the quotient f(x) = u(x) v(x) , where u and v are both func-

tion of x is

Example. Differentiate . Let and .

Differentiate these to get and

Now using the formula for the quotient rule we get,

Rule 7: The Chain Rule.

If y is a function of u, y = f(u), and u is a function of x, i.e.u = g(x) then the

derivative of y with respect to x is

Example. Differentiate . Let u = x² − ⇒

and ⇒

Using the chain rule we then get

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON 42
 Rule 8: The derivative of ln u
When y = ln u(x), then according to the chain rule:

Example: Differentiate ln(2x+3).

Rule 9: The derivatives of exponential functions

When , then according to the chain rule:

That is,

Example:

Rule 10. The derivative of logax.

According to the rule for changing from base e to a different base a:

Calculate

Rule 11. The derivative of an exponential function with base a

The derivative of an exponential function with base a is equal to the nat-
ural logarithm of that base times the exponential function.

Example: Differentiate

E
Learning Task 5: Complete the table. Do this in your notebook.

x -4x x² 3x² -xᶟ 2x-1

43 PIVOT 4A CALABARZON
Learning Task 6: Match the functions with its derivative. Write your answer in
your notebook.
Functions Derivatives

_________ 1. a.

_________ 2. b.

_________ 3. c.

_________ 4. d.

_________ 5. = e.

_________ 6. f. 0

_________ 7. g. 0

_________ 8. h.

_________ 9. i.

_________ 10. j.

A
Learning Task 7: In this learning
material, you learned two lessons
that focused on the relationship be-
tween differentiability and continuity
of a function. Your task is to com-
plete the reflection activity.

Learning Task 8: In your notebook, write if the statement is true and false if the
statement is not true.
________ 1. The derivative of a sum is the sum of the derivatives
________ 2. The derivative of a difference is the difference of the de-
rivatives
________ 3. The derivative of a product is the product of the deriva-
tives.
________ 4. The derivative of ln (x2+1) is ln (2x).

________ 5. The derivative of ln (x2+1) is

________ 6. The first rule that we would use to find the derivative of f
(x) = x(1+x)12 is the product rule.
________ 7. The first rule that we would use to find the derivative of f
(x) = ln (x2-1) is the product rule.
________ 8. The derivative of 2x is x(2x 1).
________ 9. The derivative of 2x is 2x.
________ 10. The derivative of ex is ex

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON 44